an introduction anthropology, psychology & sociology

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An Introduction An Introduction Anthropology, Psychology Anthropology, Psychology & Sociology & Sociology

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Page 1: An Introduction Anthropology, Psychology & Sociology

An IntroductionAn Introduction

Anthropology, Psychology & Anthropology, Psychology & SociologySociology

Page 2: An Introduction Anthropology, Psychology & Sociology

Social ScienceSocial Science

A A multi-disciplinary field of study that multi-disciplinary field of study that focuses on explaining human focuses on explaining human behaviour using research and analysis behaviour using research and analysis

Concerned with what people think & how Concerned with what people think & how they actthey act

includes the disciplines (areas of study) of:includes the disciplines (areas of study) of: anthropology*anthropology* economicseconomics family studiesfamily studies historyhistory human geographyhuman geography political sciencepolitical science psychology*psychology* religionreligion sociology*sociology*

Page 3: An Introduction Anthropology, Psychology & Sociology

When investigating an issue, Social When investigating an issue, Social Scientists ask 4 fundamental Scientists ask 4 fundamental questions:questions:

1. What happened?1. What happened? 2. How did it happen?2. How did it happen? 3. Why did it happen?3. Why did it happen? 4. How can people change what 4. How can people change what

happened?happened?

Page 4: An Introduction Anthropology, Psychology & Sociology

How are they the same?How are they the same?

Anthropology, Psychology & Anthropology, Psychology & Sociology Sociology all study human behavioursall study human behaviours

Page 5: An Introduction Anthropology, Psychology & Sociology

Social SciencesSocial Sciences

Anthropology

PsychologySociology

Page 6: An Introduction Anthropology, Psychology & Sociology

How are they different?How are they different?

Page 7: An Introduction Anthropology, Psychology & Sociology

AnthropologyAnthropology The study of the human species & its origins,

& the development of its language & culture throughout the world

Human cultures consist of the ways of living of a group of people (community, society or nation), including their traditions, arts, inventions, and conventions (habits, behaviours)

There are different types of anthropology, for There are different types of anthropology, for example:example: - physical, cultural, forensic- physical, cultural, forensic

Page 8: An Introduction Anthropology, Psychology & Sociology

AnthropologyAnthropology

Fundamental Belief – Understanding Fundamental Belief – Understanding our origins will help to explain how our origins will help to explain how we live, communicate, & interact we live, communicate, & interact with our environmentwith our environment

Page 9: An Introduction Anthropology, Psychology & Sociology

Anthropological Anthropological QuestionsQuestions

How was human culture developed?How was human culture developed? What symbols do cultures share?What symbols do cultures share? How did humans learn to manipulate How did humans learn to manipulate

their environment?their environment? How was language established?How was language established?

Page 10: An Introduction Anthropology, Psychology & Sociology

What are examples of What are examples of Canadian culture?Canadian culture?

Page 11: An Introduction Anthropology, Psychology & Sociology

Examples of Canadian cultureExamples of Canadian culture

Maple leafMaple leaf Beavers, loonsBeavers, loons Royal Canadian Royal Canadian

Mounted Police Mounted Police (RCMP)(RCMP)

Hockey, lacrosseHockey, lacrosse InukshooksInukshooks ‘‘Loonie’, ‘Toonie’Loonie’, ‘Toonie’ ‘‘Eh?’Eh?’ PolitenessPoliteness

Totem polesTotem poles IgloosIgloos Tim Horton’sTim Horton’s Stompin’ Tom ConnorsStompin’ Tom Connors Justin Beiber (singer)Justin Beiber (singer) Shania Twain (singer)Shania Twain (singer) Avril Leveigne (singer)Avril Leveigne (singer) William Shatner William Shatner

(actor)(actor)

Page 12: An Introduction Anthropology, Psychology & Sociology

Joey Votto (Red’s Joey Votto (Red’s baseball)baseball)

Wayne Gretzky Wayne Gretzky (hockey)(hockey)

Mario Lemieux Mario Lemieux (hockey)(hockey)

Mike Weir (golf)Mike Weir (golf) Hailey Wickenheiser Hailey Wickenheiser

(hockey)(hockey) Steve Nash (Laker’s Steve Nash (Laker’s

basketball)basketball)

Tristen Thompson Tristen Thompson (Cavalier’s (Cavalier’s basketball)basketball)

Dan Aykroid (actor)Dan Aykroid (actor) Alex Trebec (tv Alex Trebec (tv

personality)personality) Martin Short (actor)Martin Short (actor) Pamela Anderson Pamela Anderson

(actress)(actress)

Page 13: An Introduction Anthropology, Psychology & Sociology

What are examples of Canadian What are examples of Canadian culture?culture?

Molson I am Canadian – YouTube

Does this truly reflect Canadian Does this truly reflect Canadian culture?culture?

Page 14: An Introduction Anthropology, Psychology & Sociology

Typically, anthropologists use Typically, anthropologists use participant observation for researchparticipant observation for research

What groups can be studied from an What groups can be studied from an anthropological perspective?anthropological perspective? Amish, Mennonite communitiesAmish, Mennonite communities Polygamous communitiesPolygamous communities Motorcycle gangsMotorcycle gangs

Page 15: An Introduction Anthropology, Psychology & Sociology

EthnocentrismEthnocentrism - the tendency to - the tendency to evaluate other cultures in terms of your evaluate other cultures in terms of your own, typically judging others as inferiorown, typically judging others as inferior

Examples:Examples: In England, they ‘drive on the wrong side In England, they ‘drive on the wrong side

of the road’of the road’ In Japan children are taught to show In Japan children are taught to show

respect by looking down instead of looking respect by looking down instead of looking into the eyes of the person with whom they into the eyes of the person with whom they are speakingare speaking

Page 16: An Introduction Anthropology, Psychology & Sociology

PsychologyPsychology

The study of the human mind, behaviours, emotions, cognitive processes, & personality

Different types of psychology include Different types of psychology include experimental & clinical (and experimental & clinical (and variations of these)variations of these)

Page 17: An Introduction Anthropology, Psychology & Sociology

PsychologyPsychology

Fundamental Beliefs – Behaviour is Fundamental Beliefs – Behaviour is both learned & innate. Both factors both learned & innate. Both factors influence & shape how individuals influence & shape how individuals will behave, feel, act, or respond to will behave, feel, act, or respond to external stimuliexternal stimuli

Page 18: An Introduction Anthropology, Psychology & Sociology

Psychological QuestionsPsychological Questions

Why do humans behave as they do?Why do humans behave as they do? How does personality develop?How does personality develop? What is intelligence?What is intelligence? How can we control our emotions?How can we control our emotions?

Page 19: An Introduction Anthropology, Psychology & Sociology

PsychologyPsychology

Typically, psychology Typically, psychology uses experiments in laboratories for research (animal & human)

Page 20: An Introduction Anthropology, Psychology & Sociology

SociologySociology

Looks at the development & structure of human society, & how society works (behaviours)

Examines how people act in group situations

Page 21: An Introduction Anthropology, Psychology & Sociology

SociologySociology

Fundamental Belief – The groups to Fundamental Belief – The groups to which an individual belongs will which an individual belongs will determine the roles & expectations determine the roles & expectations that he/she will learn & emulate in that he/she will learn & emulate in his/her private lifehis/her private life

Page 22: An Introduction Anthropology, Psychology & Sociology

Sociological QuestionsSociological Questions

What function does society serve in What function does society serve in the lives of individuals?the lives of individuals?

What role do social institutions have What role do social institutions have in society?in society?

How do individuals learn to adapt to How do individuals learn to adapt to the specific rules & modes of the specific rules & modes of behaviour that govern groups?behaviour that govern groups?

Page 23: An Introduction Anthropology, Psychology & Sociology

SociologySociology

Typically, sociology Typically, sociology uses statistical analysis for research to understand rates/frequency of behaviours

Page 24: An Introduction Anthropology, Psychology & Sociology

Discipline 1: _________________________ Practitioners of this social science would ask

how accurately this poem reflects what we know about the development and functioning of human society. They might conduct a statistical analysis to find out whether children do in fact tend to develop into the kind of adults that the poem suggests they do. Alternatively, they might track a sample of people from childhood to adulthood to find out what links, if any, connect childhood experiences with adult personality.

Page 25: An Introduction Anthropology, Psychology & Sociology

Discipline 2: _________________________ These social scientists would ask how

accurately this poem reflects what we know about human culture. They might participate as observers in a number of cultures in different countries to see how children are treated and to try to establish a possible link in each culture between childhood experiences and the resulting adult behaviour.

Page 26: An Introduction Anthropology, Psychology & Sociology

Discipline 3: _________________________ Social scientists from this discipline would

consider people’s feelings about how they were treated as children. They would examine how these feelings affect the development of the individual’s adult personalities. These social scientists might focus on a manageable number of individual subjects, recording in detail their experiences as children and as adults. In this way, they would try to understand how the minds of their subjects work.

Page 27: An Introduction Anthropology, Psychology & Sociology

Children Learn What They Live

If children live with criticism, they learn to condemn.

If children live with hostility, they learn to fight.

If children live with ridicule, they learn to feel shy.

If children live with shame, they learn to feel guilty.

If children live with encouragement, they learn confidence.

Page 28: An Introduction Anthropology, Psychology & Sociology

If children live with tolerance, they learn patience.

If children live with praise, they learn appreciation.

If children live with acceptance, they learn to love.

If children live with approval, they learn to like themselves.

If children live with honesty, they learn truthfulness.

Page 29: An Introduction Anthropology, Psychology & Sociology

If children live with security, they learn to have faith in themselves and those about them.

If children live with friendliness, they learn that the world is a nice place in which to live.

By Dorothy Law Nolte (1998)

Page 30: An Introduction Anthropology, Psychology & Sociology

What Do You Think?What Do You Think? 1. As you reflect on your own experiences,

which lines in this poem are meaningful to you? Why?

2. Summarize the main ideas contained in this poem.

3. What is your opinion of the main message of this poem? Explain your reasoning.

4. Can we know from our own experiences whether are not the main ideas are valid? Would we be better to suspend our judgement until we have researched the findings of social scientists who have investigated the subject? Explain your reasoning.

Page 31: An Introduction Anthropology, Psychology & Sociology

Jazz for Cows - YouTube