an introduction to tex and latex
TRANSCRIPT
Donald E Knuth(born January 10, 1938)
Professor Emeritus of the Art of Computer Programming At Stanford University
Volume 1 - Fundamental Algorithms Chapter 1 - Basic concepts Chapter 2 - Information structures
Volume 2 - Seminumerical Algorithms Chapter 3 – Random NumbersChapter 4 - Arithmetic
Volume 3 - Sorting and Searching Chapter 5 – SortingChapter 6 - Searching
Type‐setting : some issues
Follow the conventions of the finest printers in the world.
Avoiding orphans and widows
Writing guides, such as the Chicago Manual of Style, suggest that a manuscript should have no widows and orphans even when avoiding them results in additional space at the bottom of a page or column.
Type‐setting : some issuesInter‐letter spacingInter‐word spacingInter‐line spacing
Spacing in mathematics
• LaTeX pronounced as Lah‐tek, or Lay‐tek
• A typesetting program, not a word‐processor
• Current version : LaTeX2ε
• Designed for producing beautiful books, theses, papers, articles...
• De facto standard for writing academic papers
• Based on TeX
LaTeX is a document preparation system for high‐quality typesetting.
It is most often used for medium‐to‐large technical or scientific documents.
It can be used for almost any form of publishing.
LaTeX is not a word processor! LaTeX encourages authors not to worry about the appearanceof their documents but to worry about content.
A test document to learn LaTeXV N Krishnachandran19 February 2010
Hello world!
To create a document like the one above …
\documentclass{article} \title{A test document to learn LaTeX} \author{V N Krishnachandran} \date{19 February 2010} \begin{document} \maketitleHello world! \end{document}
Create a text file like the one above and compile…
This document is an article.Its title is A test document to learn LaTeX.Its author is V N Krishnachandran.It was written in 19 February 2010.The document consists of a title followed by the text Hello world!
What the text file means …
How To Run LaTeX• Create a text file with extension .tex, say
myfile.tex
• Compile myfile : latex myfile.tex
This makes a file with extension .dvi
• View the dvi file : xdvi myfile.dvi
: yap myfile
• Dvi ‐‐> PostScript : dvips myfile.dvi
This creates a file with extension .ps
• View PostScript : gv myfile (UNIX)
: Use gsview
pdfLaTeX
An extension of TeX which can be configured to directly generate PDF documents instead of DVI. All current TeX distributions including TeX live, MacTeX and MiKTeX include pdfTeX(Plain TeX) and pdfLaTeX (LaTeX).
FeaturesTypesetting journal articles, technical reports, books, and slide presentations.
Control over large documents containing sectioning, cross‐references, tables and figures.
Typesetting of complex mathematical formulas.
FeaturesAutomatic generation of bibliographies and indexes.
Multi‐lingual typesetting.
Inclusion of artwork, and process or spot colour.
Document Class
\documentclass[options]{class}
options = a4paper, 11pt, 12pt, 10pt, twocolumn, landscape,...
class = article, report, book,...
Sample commands
Start with \begin{document}End with \end{document}
Typesetting Text
\\ or \newline and \newpageBold \textbf{……………} or \bf Italics \emph{…………} or \textit{………} or \itUnderline \underline{…………} or \ul
Sample commands
Sections
\section{…} = 1. Latex is Great\subsection{…} = 1.1 Why Great\subsubsection{…} = 1.1.1 Reason One
\chapter{…} ‐ To be used with book and report
Titles, authors and footnotes
\title{…}\author{…}\footnote{…}
\maketitle Display Title and Author\tableofcontents Generates TOC
Sample commands
Font sizes\tiny \scriptsize \footnotesize
\small \normalsize \large
\Large \LARGE \huge
\Huge
Sample commands
\begin{center}
$$ y=\frac{a^3+2c_{x}}{1+\sqrt{b_{x}}} $$ \\\vspace{0.2in}$$Q=\sum_{i=1}^{j}\int_{\mu}^{\infty}f(x_{j})dx$$ \\\vspace{0.2in}$$\Psi = \oint_{- \infty}^ {\infty}f_{xy} ({\frac{\partialQx}{\partial Qy}})^{\Im_{\pi}^ \prime} $$ \\
\end{center}Text in input file…
Sample commands