an investigation on the characteristics of ... 2_a/3-oxyfuel conference... · syngas cbt co blowing...

1st OxyfuelCombustionConference1st Oxyfuel Combustion Conference

An Investigation on the Characteristics of Oxyfuel Combustion of Premixed Swirl FlameOxyfuel Combustion of Premixed Swirl Flame

Ju Hyeong Cho

Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials

Cottbus, Germany

2009. 09. 08

11/22/22

1st OxyfuelCombustionConference


Contents

1 Objectives

2. Overview / Background

1. Objectives

3. Experimental Tests

4. Results and Discussion

5. Conclusions

22/22/22



Objectives

1. Examine oxyfuel (methane-oxygen) combustion1. Examine oxyfuel (methane oxygen) combustioncharacteristics

2 Evaluate preliminary design parameters for a gas2. Evaluate preliminary design parameters for a gas turbine oxyfuel combustor

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CCS Technologies (Carbon Capture & Storage)

Post-Combustion N2. (O2), H2O, etc.

N2 + S tCombustorAir CO2

1. Post-Combustion2. Pre-Combustion3. Oxy-fuel Combustion

N H O etcAir

2CO2, H2O, etc.

SyngasSeparatorCombustor

Heat & PowerAir

Gasifier

N2, H2O, etc.CombustorHeat & Power

Shift ReactorCO2 Sep. H2

Syngas

CO2 Pre-Combustion

Coal(NG)

COC b tSyngas

Blowing(O2, Air, Steam) CO2

Capture& Storage

H2O

CO2

O2

ASU

CO2 + H2OCombustor

Heat & PowerSyngas

Oxy fuel Combustion

44/22/22

AirASU

N2

Oxy-fuel Combustion


Oxy-fuel Combustion

OxyOxy--fuel Combustionfuel Combustion

CO2 + 2H2O + 7.52N2: CH4 + 2(O2 + 3.76N2)Air-Fuel CO2 + 2H2O: CH4 + 2O2Oxy-fuel

Large Volume, Unnecessary Heating

Air-Fuel Oxy-fuel Feature

a ge o u e, U ecessa y eat g

Flammability Limit 7-15 % 5-50 %Flame StabilityLaminar Burning

Velocity 30 cm/s 390 cm/s

Adiabatic Flame Temperature 2200 K 3050 K Energy

EfficiencyFlue Gas Volume 3.5 1

55/22/22

Flue Gas Volume 3.5 1



Applications of Oxyfuel Combustion

①① Coal Combustion Power PlantCoal Combustion Power Plant ②② GT based CC Power PlantGT based CC Power Plant

③③ Industrial Furnace :Industrial Furnace : Productivity Productivity Heating Time Heating Time Fuel Consumption Fuel Consumption Quality Quality

66/22/22


Oxyfuel Combustion : Drawbacks

①① Oxygen Production CostOxygen Production Cost

- Cost Reduction (PSA, ITM)

ECX CFI Futures Contracts: Price and Volume

5,000,000

6,000,000

7,000,000

8,000,000

s CO

2) 25.00

30.00

35.00

(EUR

)

Total VolumeDec07 SettDec08 Sett

European Climate Exchange (ECX)

( , ) Future CO2 Regulation

(Climate Exchange Trading,Carbon Tax) 1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

, ,

VOLU

ME

(tonn

es

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

Pric

e pe

r ton

ne (

②② Hi h T tHi h T t

0

2006-02-06

2006-02-27

2006-03-20

2006-04-10

2006-05-03

2006-05-24

2006-06-15

2006-07-06

2006-07-27

2006-08-17

2006-09-07

2006-09-28

2006-10-19

2006-11-09

2006-11-30

2006-12-21

15-01-2007

05-02-2007

26-02-2007

19-03-2007

10-04-2007

01-05-2007

22-05-20070.00

- Materials Limit, Additional Cooling Flue Gas Recirculation

②② High TemperatureHigh Temperature

300

400

ppm

]Flue Gas Recirculation

N2 in Produced Oxygen: 3~5 %

Thermal NOx

0

100

200

NO

x [p

77/22/22

Air Leakage in Furnace 0 10 20 30 400

Nitrogen Concentration [%]


Solutions for reduction of high temperature

Oxyfuel CC: SemiOxyfuel CC: Semi--Closed Closed COCO22 CycleCyclecondenser

HRSGFuelO2

C T T

COMB

H2O CO2 to compression

83% CO215% H2O1.8% O2

96% COGT

G

W t C lW t C l

CO2

96% CO22% H2O2.1% O2

SteamTurbine

~90% Recycle

Water CycleWater Cycle

HP Combustor

Recup-

condenserO2 O2Fuel

1 bar

0.1 bar1328oC900oCCOMB COMB

H2O

C HPT LPT

Recuperator

FuelFeedPump

Cond.PumpH2O

G

88/22/22

2



CLC: Chemical Looping Comb (SINTEF)CLC: Chemical Looping Comb (SINTEF)

Solutions for reduced efficiency due to the O2 Production

SOFC/GT Combined Cycle (NTNU)SOFC/GT Combined Cycle (NTNU)

CLC: Chemical Looping Comb. (SINTEF)CLC: Chemical Looping Comb. (SINTEF)

TG

F l RED

MeO

TG

CO2 to compressionExhaust TurbineHRSG

Fuel

OX

RED

Me

Afterburner

Combustor

condenser

Fuel

H2O

Air

C T T GGT

SteamTurbine

H2O

MembraneO2 O2

SOFCExternalReformer

Air

AZEP (Norsk Hydro)AZEP (Norsk Hydro)

HRSG

H2O

Comb

Fuel

CO2

GC T

Air

Air Turbine

SOFCAnode

CathodeT GMCM Reactor

O2

Q Q

Steam

99/22/22

Air

CGT

T G

SteamTurbine



Oxyfuel Power Generation System

MCFC System

[Available Heat] from FCE homepage- Gas Temp : ~340

Off

MCFC System: FCE社 DFC3000 model (2.4MW, ηelec=47%)

p- Flow rate : ~14.3 ton/hr

: N2 65%, H2O 20%, O2 10%, CO2 5%- Possible recovery heat(@120 exhaust)

: ~ 1,018kW

Off-gas

,

CombustorFuel

O2MCFC system

Cathode Off-gas(340 ℃) Oxyfuel PG

System

Patent

Combustor

GTSteam

CO2+H2OHRSG

(~860kW)

Exhaust(155 ℃)

Steam (197℃)

Condenser

( )

- 15 kgf/cm2(T =197 )

Water(25℃)Pump

H2O return

1010/22/22

CO2 capture

- 15 kgf/cm (Tsat=197 )- 1.15 ton/hr saturated steam - ΔTlm=10 of Pinching point



Combustor configurations

Design target : 100kWTH @ 11.6 bara

Test performed at an ambient pressure

- Excess O2 : 1~5%

- CO2 Emission : >90%

- CO Emission : <100ppm

Casing

pp

LinerDilution hole

Film Cooling DeviceIgnition hole

Fuel

Swirler Guider

O2

1111/22/22

(O2 + CO2) or (O2 + H2O)CO2 or H2O CO2 or H2O



Oxyfuel combustion – experimental setup

PI-MAX

Vent

Data Logger

ICCD Camera

Controller

NO / CO / O2

CH4 / CO2 Cooling water

H L

P

POO22H L

COCO22

22

PDSLR Camera

SwirlerH L

CHCH44

1212/22/22

CHCH44



Test facilities

F l / O S l

Boiler

Steam Control Line

Oxyfuel Combustor

CombustorGas Probe

Fuel / O2 Supply

Steam HeaterSteam Control Line

Control Panel

Steam Supply

Control Panel Fuel / O2 Supply

1313/22/22

BoilerSteam HeaterFuel CompressorO2 Supply Gas Analyzer


1st OxyfuelCombustionConferenceFlame quenching test by CO2 or H2O addition

Load 1 kg/hr Remarks

CH4 1.656 Reference heat load

O2 6.66 Excess 1%CO2 H2O varying AFT controlCO2, H2O varying AFT control

1) Heat Load conditions :

0.6 , 0.8 , 1.0 , 1.2

2) Swirl angle :) g

30˚ , 45˚ , 60˚

1414/22/22

※ Flame temperature for stable combustion > 2250 K



Direct Image

The swirl angle effect on flame quenching

OH Radicals (307nm)( )

60˚30˚ 45˚PIV

Recommended swirl angle :

1515/22/22

45 o

30˚ 45˚ 60˚



Determination of liner diameter

Reference ConditionsFuel 1.65 kg/hr Fixed

O2 6.66 kg/hr Varying

H2O 9.00 kg/hr Fixed

AFT control : H2O

S i l l 45˚Swirl angle : 45˚

Liner length : 700mm

ProbeDL

1616/22/22

700mm※ Liner diameter : Φ200

mm


1st OxyfuelCombustionConferenceCenter temperature profile

Reference ConditionsFuel 1 65 kg/hrFuel 1.65 kg/hr

O2 6.66 kg/hr

H2O 9.00 kg/hr

AFT control : H2O

Swirl angle : 45˚


Liner diameter : 200mm

TC

X

R

1717/22/22


1st OxyfuelCombustionConferenceDetermination of dilution hole location

Reference ConditionsFuel 1.65 kg/hr

O2 6.66 kg/hr

H2O 9.00 kg/hr

Dilution hole locationAFT t l H OAFT control : H2O

Swirl angle : 45˚

Liner length : 700mmLiner length : 700mm


ProbeX

R

1818/22/22

700mm ※ Dilution hole location > 45㎝



The diluent gas effect on CO emission

Reference ConditionsFuel 1.65 kg/hr Fixed

O2 6.66 kg/hr VaryingCO2 / 15 5 / 9 0 FixedH2O

15.5 / 9.0 Fixed

AFT control : CO2 / H2O

Swirl angle : 45˚



1919/22/22



Conclusions

Examine oxyfuel combustion characteristics for the application of gas turbine combustor

1. Stable flame requires that AFT > 2250K.

2. Swirler angle of 45o makes the most stable flame.

3. CO emission reduced with an increase in the liner diameter.

4. Desirable dilution Hole location > 45cm.

Swirl Angle 45˚

Liner Dia.200mm

AFT > 2250K

2020/22/22

> 45cm



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This research was supported by :

Carbon Dioxide Reduction & Sequestration Research Center(one of the 21st Century Frontier Programs funded by Korean government)government)

2121/22/22



Thank you for your attention !감사합니다 !감사합니다 !

2222/22/22

an investigation on the characteristics of ... 2_a/3-oxyfuel conference... · syngas cbt co blowing...

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