an-najah national university building engineering department graduation project
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An-Najah National University Building Engineering Department Graduation Project Green School In Jericho Supervisor Dr.Muhannad Haj Hussein Prepared By Anwar Diab, Areej Al-Karaky, Leqaa Maqdasawi. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
An-Najah National UniversityBuilding Engineering Department
Graduation Project Green School In Jericho
Supervisor Dr.Muhannad Haj Hussein
Prepared ByAnwar Diab, Areej Al-Karaky, Leqaa
Maqdasawi
This Project is a Partial Fulfilment for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Building Engineering.
Nablus-PalestineDecember-2013
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Table Of Content
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Introduction To project
Architectural DesignEnvironmental Design
Structural DesignElectrical DesignMechanical DesignQuantity Surveying
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Green aspects:
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
1. Directing classrooms toward the north.2. Water efficiency.3.Natural lighting and good ventilation. 4. Design building to have sufficient sound-absorptive finishes to avoid noise pollution.5.Safe design for school.6.Use green areas.
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Introduction To Project
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov0
1020304050 46.4
19 Abso-lute Max Temp
Month
Tem
pera
ture
(°C)
Figure2: Temperature in Jericho
Jan FebMar AprMay Jun Jul AugSep OctNovDec0
1020304050607080
70
38
Mea
n re
lativ
e H
umid
-ity
%
Figure3: Mean relative humidity in Jericho
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec02468
1012141618
16.2
6.7
Win
d sp
eed
Figure1: Mean wind speed in Jericho
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Introduction To Project
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Site and location
Total area of site is 8000 m 2
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Introduction To Project
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Figure4: The proposed site
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Architectural Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
School
Ground floor spaces• Entrance• Six classrooms.• Two laboratories.• Court yard.• Head master room.• Secretary.• Meetings room.• Teacher’s room.• First Aid room.• Two WC units for students.• WC and kitchenette unit for administration apartment.
First floor spaces• Six classrooms. • Two laboratories.• Library.• Social worker.• Two WC units for students.
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N
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Architectural Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
•Usage of the building: The building is directory of Education in Jericho; it is used from 8 am to 2 pm•Special consideration for the disables:1) Use of ramps in the entrance
2) Toilets that are for handicapped use in the ground floor.
Figure5: Ramps used
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Architectural Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Site plan
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Architectural Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
View from North
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Architectural Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
View from South
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Architectural Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Ground Floor Plan
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Architectural Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
First Floor Plan
N
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Architectural Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
North Elevation
East Elevation
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Architectural Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
West Elevation
South Elevation
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Environmental Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
By quick environmental look at the building note that:
Teaching spaces orientationSouthern clerestories window
Fig 6 plan of school
Fig 7: Section in a classroom
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Southern clerestorie
s Northern windows
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Environmental Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
By quick environmental look at the building note that:
Zigzag shape of teaching spaces
Fig 8: plan of school
Fig 9: doors location in our school , conventional schools; respectively
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Environmental Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
By quick environmental look at the building note that:
Steel mesh for ventilation and lighting in corridor
Fig 10 : shading steel mesh in corridors
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Environmental Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
By quick environmental look at the building note that:
The court as internal wintry yardSolar gain in winterShaded in summer with permeable fabric shades
Fig 11: Court details
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Environmental Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
By quick environmental look at the building note that:
Fig 5: Court details
Fig 12: Section in Court
Opened from sides for ventilation
Directionof
Ventilationin Court
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Environmental Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
By quick environmental look at the building note that:
Distance is 6.3 m between classes to ensure solar
gain for southern windows. fabric permeable summer shades .
Fig 13: Effect of shading from classrooms on each other on Jan
21st at 11:30
Fig 14 : permeable fabric shades
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Environmental Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Shading Design in project western and eastern windows
Fig 15 : shading in east and west
Perforated vertical shutters in east and west sides
10cm=space between slides of shutters L=10/cos60=20 cm
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Environmental Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Shading Design in project Southern windows
Permeable movable fabric shades are used to ensure shading in southern sides of classrooms and laboratories.
Fig 16: Permeable fabric shades used between classrooms and labs
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Environmental Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Simulation By Ecotect
The whole building has been analyzed using insulation and natural ventilation only without any HVAC system Schools have no work in summer.
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Environmental Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Input data in Ecotect
Fig 17 : Ecotect zones
Dividing the building into zones depending on the location of each space
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Environmental Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Input data in Ecotect
Fig 18 : layers of external walls with detailsOverall heat transfer coefficient “U-value” is 0.76
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Environmental Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Input data in Ecotect
Fig 19 : layers of ground floor slab with details Overall heat transfer coefficient “U-value” is 1.55
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Environmental Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Input data in Ecotect
Fig 20: layers of roof slab with details Overall heat transfer coefficient “U-value” is 0.83
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Environmental Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Input data in Ecotect
Fig 21 : layers of partition walls with details Overall heat transfer coefficient “U-value” is 2.65
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Environmental Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Thermal Analysis
Fig 19 : Direct solar gain in classroom
Low values due to the use of shading in southern windows
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Environmental Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Thermal Analysis
Fig 20 : thermal comfort in classroom
Zone: CR1 GFZone is not air-conditioned.Occupancy: Weekdays 08-15, Weekends 12-12.Comfort: Band = 18.0 - 28.0 C TOO HOT TOO COOL TOTALMONTH (%) (%) (%)Jan 0 21.64 21.64Feb 0 18.9 18.9Mar 0 13.71 13.71Apr 3.19 4.31 7.5May 6.18 0 6.18Jun 10.97 0 10.97Jul 17.07 0 17.07Aug 21.64 0 21.64Sep 18.33 0 18.33Oct 6.59 0 6.59Nov 0 0 0Dec 0 15.99 15.99
22%
44 hours of 210 hours of coolness discomfort in January 23 hours of 210 of hotness discomfort in June
11%
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Environmental Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Thermal Analysis
Fig 21 : annual temperature distribution in classrooms The class room occurs in temperature comfort band with 100%
CR1 GFOperation: Weekdays 08-15, Weekends 12-12.Comfort Band: 18.0 - 28.0 CIn Comfort: 1827 Hrs (100.0%)
TEMP. HOURS PERCENT0 0 0.00%2 0 0.00%4 0 0.00%6 0 0.00%8 0 0.00%
10 0 0.00%12 0 0.00%14 0 0.00%16 0 0.00%18 685 37.50%20 110 6.00%22 164 9.00%24 139 7.60%26 296 16.20%28 433 23.70%30 0 0.00%32 0 0.00%34 0 0.00%36 0 0.00%38 0 0.00%40 0 0.00%42 0 0.00%44 0 0.00%46 0 0.00%
COMFORT 1827 100.00%
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Environmental Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Solar exposure
Fig 22 : stereographic diagram of southern windows in ground floor classroom
46% shading in January at early morning in southern windows which gives solar gain at a time colder than any else
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Environmental Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Reverberation Time RT60
Fig 23 : Reverberation time for classroomsThe optimum reverberation time for schools is 0.6-0.8The interested frequencies are 500,1000 Hz at which speech occurs
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Environmental Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Reverberation Time RT60
due to calculations , 30 m 2 of absorption materials is needed to get the required RT60 in classroomsThese absorption materials could be acoustical panels in ceiling
Fig 24: acoustical panels in classrooms
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Environmental Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Reverberation Time RT60
Fig 25 : Reverberation time for classrooms before and after adjustment
TOTAL SABINE NOR-ER MIL-SEFREQ. ABSPT. RT(60) RT(60) RT(60) 63Hz: 6.093 3.33 2.78 3.28125Hz: 6.529 2.77 2.59 2.74250Hz: 6.053 2.3 2.14 2.29500Hz: 5.775 2.07 2.02 2.06 1kHz: 8.083 1.44 1.45 1.43 2kHz: 10.531 1.01 1.02 1 4kHz: 16.032 0.71 0.75 0.7 8kHz: 16.807 0.44 0.45 0.4316kHz: 18.129 0.44 0.46 0.43
Volume: 214.850 m3Surface Area: 280.502 m2Occupancy: 0 (30 x 0%)Optimum RT (500Hz - Speech): 0.60 sOptimum RT (500Hz - Music): 1.14 s
Volume per Seat: 7.162 m3Minimum (Speech): 4.289 m3Minimum (Music): 8.151 m3Most Suitable: Millington-Sette (Widely varying)Selected: Sabine (Uniformly distributed) TOTAL SABINE NOR-ER MIL-SEFREQ. ABSPT. RT(60) RT(60) RT(60) 63Hz: 9.061 2.65 2.59 2.59125Hz: 8.835 2.41 2.46 2.36250Hz: 24.233 1.1 1.78 0.84500Hz: 44.458 0.65 1.35 2.49 1kHz: 33.425 0.76 1.29 0.48 2kHz: 32.453 0.71 1.05 0.53 4kHz: 33.099 0.6 0.82 0.54 8kHz: 33.212 0.45 0.56 0.4116kHz: 35.857 0.44 0.56 0.4
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Environmental Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Reverberation Time RT60
Fig 26 : Reverberation time for corridor
Volume: 2401.850 m3Surface Area: 2369.994 m2Occupancy: 300 (300 x 100%)Optimum RT (500Hz - Speech): 0.92 sOptimum RT (500Hz - Music): 1.56 sVolume per Seat: 8.006 m3Minimum (Speech): 4.876 m3Minimum (Music): 8.824 m3Most Suitable: Sabine (Uniformly distributed)Selected: Norris-Eyring (Highly absorbant) TOTAL SABINE NOR-ER MIL-SEFREQ. ABSPT. RT(60) RT(60) RT(60) 63Hz: 262.944 1.23 5.31 1.04125Hz: 281.167 1.15 5.08 0.96250Hz: 215.496 1.15 2.74 1.04500Hz: 152.622 1.32 2.45 1.26 1kHz: 147.6 1.33 2.32 1.28 2kHz: 150.155 1.23 2 1.2 4kHz: 157.405 1.22 1.94 1.19 8kHz: 139.099 1.17 1.68 1.1516kHz: 140.414 1.14 1.63 1.13
The same for corridor
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Environmental Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Reverberation Time RT60
Fig 27: Fiber wood advertisement board for corridor
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Environmental Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Heating and cooling results
Fig 28 : Monthly heating and cooling loads for all zones
We use the full air conditioning settings to obtain the cooling and heating values just to compare it with the energy efficient buildings.
5424 KW
5335 KW
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Environmental Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Heating and cooling results
Fig 29 : monthly heating/cooling loads in classroom
HEATING COOLING TOTALMONTH (Wh) (Wh) (Wh)Jan 160930 0 160930Feb 126625 0 126625Mar 116125 0 116125Apr 29510 191422 220932May 0 212788 212788Jun 0 281944 281944Jul 0 437939 437939Aug 0 702726 702726Sep 0 311362 311362Oct 0 219323 219323Nov 1136 0 1136Dec 66300 0 66300TOTAL 500626 2357504 2858129
PER M² 7572 35656 43228Floor Area: 66.118 m2
Note that the total loads per squared meter”43 Kw. h/m2 “are in range (30-50 Kw. h/m2) as for energy efficient buildings
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Environmental Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
heating/cooling loads of a classroom
Load type Without insulation
(KW)
With insulation
(Kw)
% ofsavin
gHeating
load638 500 22%
Cooling load
2514 2358 7%
Total load 3152 2858 10%
The insulation was useful in heating load reduction
Table 1: Heating/cooling loads comparison
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Environmental Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Lighting results
Fig 30 : Daylight factor and lux level of ground floor classroom We can conclude that the areas around the windows have high lighting levels while the distribution is almost uniform, so here we are using the permeable fabric shades which eliminate these levels of lighting.
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Environmental Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Lighting results
Fig 31 : Daylight factor and lux level for library
The library is located in eastern-northern orientationVertical shutters in all spaces in this orientation in order to prevent such problem Also, trees are planted to reduce these levels of lighting reaching the windows
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Environmental Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Lighting results
Fig 32 : Daylight factor for corridorNote that Daylight factor distribution is about 4-5 % high levels of lighting in court the use of permeable shading will eliminate itPermeable fabric shades used only in summer
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Environmental Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Daylight factor
Daylight level
Thermal discomfort percent
Direct solar gain
Annual temp. dist.
5% 450 lux 21% in January11% in June
174 W in January282 W in June
100% in comfort band
As conclusion, we can note that the environmental aspects used in the beginning was useful for the results obtained except for the lighting levels. but the distribution of the lighting was almost uniform except for the areas surrounding the windows and this is treated with the fabric permeable shades.For example, the classroom has low thermal discomfort percentage 21 % and occurs 100% in temperature comfort band.
Results for a classroom in the ground floor
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Structural Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
•Design codesThe structural design will be according to:1. The American Concrete Institute code ACI 318-05.2. The seismic design according to UBC-97.
•Design will include the following elements:1. Slab (one way rib slab).2. Beam (main beam & secondary beam).3. Column.4. Shear wall.5. Footing.
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Structural Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
The building consists of three blocks, block C has been analyzed and designed.
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Structural Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Elements Dimension cm
Columns 40*60Main Beams 60/50Secondary Beam
20/50
Slab 25Table 2: Dimension for elements
first , we insert the dimensions of column, beams, slab into SAP the preliminary dimensions were not enough to carry the loading so we increase them to get the final dimensions shown in the table below
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Structural Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
3D modeling
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Structural Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Compatibility check
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Structural Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Equilibrium check
Item weight(KN) Dead Load
weight(KN) Live Load
Total 24445.5 6380
weight from SAP 25388.5 6120.662% error 3.86 4.2
Table3 : Equilibrium check
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Structural Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Axial force check
Table4: Axial force check
columns Tributary Area
2*area Wu Pu total Pu
Sap total
error%
C30 (External)
8.6 17.3 12.2
361.3 498.4 481 -3.6
C15 (Internal)
32.44 64.88 12.2
804.2 1200.5
1225 2.0
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Structural Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
-Internal forces check
Type Moment (calculatio
n)
Moment SAP
Error %
Beam A 444.25 456.74 2.7%Beam B 508.68 517.78 1.8%Slab A 28.11 28.46 1.2%Slab B 16.15 16.75 3.6%
Table5 : Percent of error in beams and slab .
The percentage of error between SAP calculation and manual calculation for the beams ultimate moments as shown in table.
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Structural Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
The structural system use is one way rib slab with drop beams with thickness= 25cm
Figure 33: Cross Section in one Way Ribbed Slab
Design
Slab Design
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Structural Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Fig34: slab Reinforcement
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Structural Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Flexural design for slab
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Structural Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Fig35:slab beams
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Structural Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Beam Design
Table6 : Reinforcement for Beams
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Structural Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Beam Design
Details for main beam(60*50)
Main Beam 3 (60*50)
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Structural Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Beam Design
Details for Secondary Beam 20*50
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Structural Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Column Design
Details of column
Details of columns
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Structural Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Footing Design
All footing are designed manually by working design method, reactions were taken from SAP model, all calculations were made by excel. the following table shows the design details of footings.
This table shows the details of footing
table 7: details of footing
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Structural Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Footing Design
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Structural Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Footing Design
Details of F4 and shear wall
Details of F1
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Structural Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Shear wall Design
The cross section of shear wall is designed as three zones ,two on the sides of the shear wall which are designed for tension, the third is in the middle of the cross section which designed for axial loads.
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Structural Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Structural joint design
The project has 2 structural joints which divide the building into three parts: A,B, and C from left to right. It is composed of reinforced concrete parts.The joint construction was made to achieve the seismic requirement .
(10cm) structural joint is used.
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Structural Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Seismic analysis and designThe building frame system is assumed as:•R=3.5•allowable bearing capacity =180kN/m2
•the soil profile is(SD).
• (Ca)=0.36• (C v)=0.54
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Structural Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Seismic checks:•Base shear
Since V > Vmax use V max to compare with SAP Result
V=20634 Vmax =6534 kNVmin =1006 kN
• Fundamental period of structure(T)
*Manual period:
•period from mode 1,2 and 3
T=0.24 ,0.24 and 0.23 second respectively
T=0.21
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Electrical lighting Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Lighting design:
DIALUX software was used to design the lighting system Technical values for design
1. Illuminance value(Lx).
Type of space Maintenance illumination lux
Maximum glare index
General classrooms
300 19
Laboratories 500 19Libraries 500 19
Teacher room 300 19Corridors 150-200 19
Table8 :Lighting requirements for schools
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Electrical lighting Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
2. Work Plan
Function Height Classrooms 65 cm
Corridors 150 cm
Library and teacher room
and Labs
75 cm
3.Selecting lamps
Fluorescent lamps are suitable to light all teaching spaces.
(Type T8 or T5)
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Electrical lighting Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
4. Selecting luminaries’ for classrooms
The recessed luminaries’ should be used in classroom.
5. Uniformity
For the ambient lighting in school ,it should be between (0.6_0.8).
Type of lamps used
Fig38:Luminaire used in school
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Electrical lighting Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Fig39 :(False color display) for classroom
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Electrical lighting Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Fig 39 :(False color display) for corridor
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Electrical lighting Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Fig 40 :(False color display) for chemistry lab
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Mechanical Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Mechanical design involves many aspects including :A. Fire fighting & emergency exits .B. Sanitation system.
Two manual system were used in the building as follows:1.Fire extinguisher.2. Fire hose system.
Fig 42: The position of fire water pipe
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Mechanical Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Fig 43: Fire system used in building
Fire emergency Exit
Fig44: Location of emergency exits
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Mechanical Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Sanitation system: Water Supply System. Drainage Water System. Recycling drainage water.
Water Supply System
Fig 45: Water system of the building
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Mechanical Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Drainage Systems
1. Black water :WCS & kitchen sink
2. Grey water : lavatory
•diameters of the pipes =4” (for stack).•Diameters of the pipes = 2’’ & 4’’ (horizontal).
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Mechanical Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Clean water
Seven collectors were used in the building with hot and cold water.
Fig 46: The location of collector used in the school
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Mechanical Design
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Fig 47: The location of grey tank
Grey water
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Quantities surveying
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Work Unit QuantityEarth works M3 590.03
Concrete works M3 730.95
Steel works Ton 51.06
Block M2 1882
Table 9 : Quantities calculations
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Quantities surveying
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Table 9 : Quantities calculations
FinishingWork Unit Quantity
Plastering M2 3800
Painting M2 3800
Tiling M2 1080
Skirting M 469.3
Balustrade LM 768
windows sill LM 101.74
Doors SM 140
Windows SM 141.84
Parapet m 610.0
stair marble m 80
roof floor screed
M2 600
Stone M2 1895
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References
Green School In Jericho Building Engineering DepartmentGraduation Project
Graduation project 1 Hand book –Future School In Palestine ASHRAE Code. The American Concrete Institute code ACI 318-05. The seismic design according to UBC-97.
Mechanical code adapted to the Palestinian authority
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