an ontology based approach for sharing distributed educational

An Ontology based

approach for sharing

distributed Educational

ResourcesAuthors: Heitor Barros, Jonathas Magalhães and Evandro Costa

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Outline

Educational Resources on the Web

Problem: Repositories integration

Our proposal

Overview

Integration Ontology

Illustrative scenario

Future work

Conclusion


Educational resources are widely available on the Web.

They can be found in different formats.

Text documents;

Videos;

Applications;

Blogs;


Open Educational Resources (OER) initiative.

Free access.

Open license.

This trend has led to the development of many OER Repositories.

Wikieducator.org¹ -> 64 repositories.

OER Quality Project² -> 98 repositories.

1 -> http://wikieducator.org/Exemplary_Collection_of_Open_eLearning_Content_Repositories2 -> http://oerqualityproject.wordpress.com/2012/10/22/directory-of-oer-repositories

http://wikieducator.org/Exemplary_Collection_of_Open_eLearning_Content_Repositories

http://oerqualityproject.wordpress.com/2012/10/22/directory-of-oer-repositories


However, these repositories were not designed to communicate with each other.

Lack of integration.

Users need to navigate over these repositories using different interfaces and websites in their searches.

Users prefer generic search engines.[1]

Google, Bing, Yahoo.

Problem: Repositories integration

Repositories integration:

Different metadata schemas.

Heterogeneous software plataforms.

Different courses structures.

Related Work

Metadata patterns

IEEE LOM[2]

LRMI[3]

SCORM[4]

Linked Data

Vidal et al.[5]

Yu et al.[6]

Piedra et al.[7]

Ontologies

www.linkedlifedata.com

www.organic-edunet.eu

www.meducator.net

http://www.linkedlifedata.com/

http://www.organic-edunet.eu/

http://www.meducator.net/

Our proposal

Create an Ontology based approach to integrate

Educational Resources on the Web.

Not just put resources together, but integrate them.

Define relationships between resources.

Our proposal

Overview

Our proposal


Integration Ontolgy is based on Mathema’s[8]

pedagogical model.

Organizes resources into Pedagogical Units (topics).

Defines relationships according to Pedagocial units.

It was created in OWL Language

(http://www.w3.org/2004/OWL/).

Designed with Protégé Owl editor (protege.stanford.edu/).

http://www.w3.org/2004/OWL/


Course

Model

Course Model defines the

pedagogical units of a

discipline in a structured

way (Hierarchical and

Sequencing structures).


Course

Model

Domain

belongs_to


Course

Model

Domain

belongs_to

Topic 2

Topic 1

Topic 3

Topic N

...

has_topichas_topic

has_topic

has_topic


Course

Model

Topic 2

Topic 1

Topic 3

Topic N

...

has_topichas_topic

has_topic

has_topic

Educational Resources


Property: parent_of

This property specifies the

hierarchical structure. It

defines that the former

Topic is a generalization

of the other one.

The second Topic is a

sub-topic of the first one.

Polygons

TrianglesPenta-

gons

Parent_of

Quadrila-

terals

Parent_ofParent_of


Property: next

This property specifies the

sequencing structure. It

defines that the content

of second Topic is

subsequent to the first.

Polygons

TrianglesPenta-

gons

Next

Quadrila-

terals

NextNext

TopicsTopics


Mapping Course Models.

Property: Equivalent.

TriangleTriangleEquivalent

Course

Model A

Course

Model B

TopicsTopics


Mapping Course Models

Property: Specialized_by

Triangle

Right

TriangleSpecialized_by

Course

Model A

Course

Model B

TopicsTopics


Mapping Course Models.

Property: Precedes.

Polygon

Polyhe-

dronsPrecedes

Course

Model A

Course

Model B

Computer Networks Example


Individual: <Ontology.owl#model_Kurose>

Types:

<Ontology.owl#CourseModel>

Facts:

<Ontology.owl#has_topic> <Ontology.owl#topic_Kurose_LinkLayer>,

<Ontology.owl#has_topic> <Ontology.owl#topic_Kurose_Security>,

<Ontology.owl#has_topic> <Ontology.owl#topic_Kurose_NetworkLayer>,

<Ontology.owl#has_topic> <Ontology.owl#topic_Kurose_Multimedia>,

<Ontology.owl#has_topic> <Ontology.owl#topic_Kurose_ComputerNetworks>,

<Ontology.owl#has_topic> <Ontology.owl#topic_Kurose_Transport>,

<Ontology.owl#has_topic> <Ontology.owl#topic_Kurose_Aplication>,

<Ontology.owl#has_topic> <Ontology.owl#topic_Kurose_WirelessAndMobile>,

<Ontology.owl#has_topic> <Ontology.owl#topic_Kurose_root>,

<Ontology.owl#has_topic> <Ontology.owl#topic_Kurose_NetworkManagement>,

<Ontology.owl#belongs_to> <Ontology.owl#domain_Networks>,<Ontology.owl#has_root_topic> <Ontology.owl#topic_Kurose_Kurose_root>


Individual: <Ontology.owl#topic_Tanembaum_Application>

Types:

<Ontology.owl#Topic>

Facts:

<Ontology.owl#belongs_to_model> <Ontology.owl#model_Tanenbaum>,

<Ontology.owl#is_equivalent_to> <Ontology.owl#topic_Kurose_Application>,<Ontology.owl#next_topic> <Ontology.owl#topic_Tanembaum_Security>


Individual: <Ontology.owl#topic_Kurose_LinkLayer>

Types:

<Ontology.owl#Topic>

Facts:

<Ontology.owl#belongs_to_model> <Ontology.owl#model_Kurose>,

<Ontology.owl#specialized_by> <Ontology.owl#topic_Tanembaum_MediumAccessControl>,

<Ontology.owl#specialized_by> <Ontology.owl#topic_Tanembaum_DataLinkLayer>,

<Ontology.owl#next_topic> <Ontology.owl#topic_Kurose_WirelessAndMobile >


Results for: topic_Tanembaum_Applicationhttp://ot.loom.opentapestry.com/view/VW7H2iL7SDKTx_NUpMREAg

http://youtu.be/RAmyf9heMA0

https://tao.truststc.org/Members/jmitchell/computer_and_network_security/Public%20resources/lecture_12

Results from equivalent Topics:

http://www.techopedia.com/definition/6006/application-layer topic_Kurose_Application

http://ot.loom.opentapestry.com/view/SJmk2V2OR4ywen9-zrh0XQ topic_Kurose_Application

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_layer topic_Kurose_Application

http://ot.loom.opentapestry.com/view/VW7H2iL7SDKTx_NUpMREAg

http://youtu.be/RAmyf9heMA0

https://tao.truststc.org/Members/jmitchell/computer_and_network_security/Public resources/lecture_12

http://www.techopedia.com/definition/6006/application-layer

http://ot.loom.opentapestry.com/view/SJmk2V2OR4ywen9-zrh0XQ

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_layer

Future Work

Integration System development (In progress).

Further evaluation of Integration Ontology.

Development of tools to assist the annotation of

Educational Resources.

Conclusion

Despite the large number of educational repositories, it is

still necessary to build mechanisms of integration.

This work proposes an Ontology based approach to

integrate Educational Resources.

Preliminary results show that the Integration Ontology is a

promising approach.

References1. C. Dichev and D. Dicheva. Is it time to change the oer repositories role? In Proceedings of the 12th ACM/IEEE-CS

joint conference on Digital Libraries, pages 31-34. ACM, 2012.

2. F. Neven and E. Duval. Reusable learning objects: a survey of lom-based repositories. In Proceedings of thetenth ACM international conference on Multimedia, pages 291-294. ACM, 2002.

3. LRMI, 2013. Learning Resource Metadata Initiative LRMI SURVEY REPORT August 2013 Update,http://www.lrmi.net/resources/reports.

4. Bohl, O. et al., 2002. The sharable content object reference model (SCORM)-a critical review. Computers inEducation, 2002. Proceedings. International Conference on. IEEE.

5. J. C. Vidal, M. Lama, E. Otero-Garca, and A. Bugarn. Graph-based semantic annotation for enrichingeducational content with linked data. Knowledge-Based Systems, 55:29-42, 2014.

6. Yu, Hong Qing; Dietze, Stefan; Li, Ning; Pedrinaci, Carlos; Taibi, Davide; Dovrolls, Nikolas ; Stefanut, Teodor ;Kaldoudi, Eleni and Domingue, John(2011). A linked data-driven & service-oriented architecture for sharingeducational resources. In: 1st International Workshop on eLearning Approaches for Linked Data Age (LinkedLearning 2011), 8th Extended Semantic Web Conference (ESWC2011), 29 May 2011, Heraklion, Greece

7. N. Piedra, J. A. Chicaiza, J. Lopez, and E. Tovar. An architecture based on linked data technologies for theintegration and reuse of oer in moocs context. Open Praxis, 6(2):171-187, 2014.

8. Evandro de Barros Costa, Manoel A. Lopes, and Edilson Ferneda. 1995. Mathema: A Learning EnvironmentBased on a Multi-Agent Architecture. In Proceedings of the 12th Brazilian Symposium on Artificial Intelligence:Advances in Artificial Intelligence (SBIA '95), Jacques Wainer and Ariadne Carvalho (Eds.). Springer-Verlag,London, UK, UK, 141-150.

http://www.lrmi.net/resources/reports

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

an ontology based approach for sharing distributed educational

Data & Analytics

web educational resources

integrateeducational

topic issubsequent

oerrep resources

lack of integration

web problem

different interfaces

different formats