an overview of design aids for structural steelwork

2STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001

AN OVERVIEW OF DESIGN AIDS FOR STRUCTURAL STEELWORK

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2. GENERAL STEEL STRUCTURES 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3. DESIGN CAPACITY TABLES 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4. STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5. SPECIALIZED STRUCTURAL DESIGN GUIDES 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6. FIRE RESISTANCE DESIGN AIDS 13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7. ARCHITECTURAL AND DOMESTIC 15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8. FABRICATION 16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9. GENERAL 17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10. COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION 18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11. COMPOSITE DESIGN SOFTWARE 22. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12. SOFTWARE 22. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS SOFTWARE 23. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14. MEMBER / JOINT DESIGN CHECKING SOFTWARE 25. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15. COSTING SOFTWARE 26. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16. STRUCTURAL MODELING 27. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17. PURLINS AND GIRTS 29. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18. CIDECT PUBLICATIONS 30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19. MATERIAL & PRODUCT CATALOGUES 33. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20. AS/NZS STANDARDS 34. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21. HERA STRUCTURAL PUBLICATIONS 36. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22. STEEL CONSTRUCTION JOURNALS 37. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23. WEBSITES 42. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Please note that a number of the publicationscontained in this summary were the result ofresearch anddevelopmentcarriedoutbyBHPandthe printed form maydisplay theBHP logo.Withthe spin off of Onesteel and subsequent BHPrestructuring, itislikely thatprintedbookletswiththe BHP logo may no longer be available. It is tobehoped thatthe resultsof thevaluable workwillstill be available in alternate forms in the future.

3 STEEL CONSTRUCTION VOLUME 35 NUMBER 2, JUNE 2001

An Overview of Design Aids for Structural Steelwork

Peter Kneen

National Manager TechnologyAustralian Institute of Steel Construction

1. INTRODUCTION

The Australian Institute of Steel Construction wasformed in 1967 and is Australia’s premier technicalmarketingorganizationrepresenting companiesandindividuals involved in steel manufacture,fabrication, design, detailing and construction. Itsmission is to promote the efficient and economicaluse of structural steel in the construction industry.Part of its work is to conduct technical seminars,educational lectures and to publish and markettechnical design aids.

The AISC is also actively involved with StandardsAustraliaonnumerouscodecommitteesin areasthatimpacton steelstructures.Theengineeringdesignofsteel structures is driven by the appropriate designcode of the day. We have witnessed the transitionfrom a permissible or working stress design codetothe current limit states code AS 4100. Many of theearlier AISC’s publications were published to assistconsultants and industry understand and utilize thenew code requirements. The AISC publications areavailablebypurchasing throughtheAISCBookshopat a considerable discount to AISC members.

The AISC maintains a comprehensive library at itsheadofficeand thisresourceisoftenused to respondto technical enquiries by its members. AISCmembers are encouraged to visit the library.

TheAISChasbeen supported inpartbymembershipduesbutsignificantly bygenerous sustaininggrantsfromBHPandmorerecentlybothBHPandOneSteelalong with Ajax Fasteners, Bisalloy Steels, PalmerTube Mills and Fielders Steel Roofing. Theseorganizations have also published design relatedmaterial, some of which is available through theAISC.Whereappropriate, theAISCpublicationcodeis given.

In this paper, the various publications of the AISCand its sustaining members have been grouped asfollows:! General steel structures! Design capacity Tables! Structural connections! Specialized structural design guides! Fire Engineering

! Architectural and domestic! Fabrication and General references! Composite construction! Purlins and Girts! Composite Software! Commercial software! CIDECT publications! Technical papers in Steel Construction! Australian and New Zealand Standards! Websites

This paper is a snapshot at this point in time of themain local design aids. This work will be placed onthe AISC website with a view to maintaining an upto date reference source for itsmembers. Thewriterapologizes for any omissions from this paper butwould be pleased to receive factual productdescriptions so that the future web version of thispublication can be maintained.

There has been a significant trend over the past twoyears for major companies to turn to the internetforstoring valuable product and design related data.Several companies such as BHP, OneSteel, Ajax,Palmer Tube Mills, The Graham Group andIndustrial Light Beams to produce CDROMS withdesign aids and “printed” documentation included.

Most design aids available on CDROM are in theform of spreadsheets compatible with MicrosoftExcel. Existingbooks arebeing puton CDin aformthat preserves the original formatting. The mostcommon method is to usePDF (PortableDocumentFormat) files. The PDF files can be viewed on anycomputer (eg PC, Mac, Unix) using the AdobeAcrobat Reader which is normally included on theCD,orcanbedownloaded from theweb. Thereadercanbeused tonavigatethrough thedocumentsusingpre-- established bookmarks, orby searching.Pagescan also be printed.

It is likely that all future books will be at leastavailable electronically and the AISC is graduallymoving in that direction as well.

Other software design aids may be more complexthan a spreadsheet and are available as a licensedpackage.


2. GENERAL STEEL STRUCTURES

2.1. Economical Structural Steelwork4th edition 1997

AISC81 PagesThis publication aimsto supply thenecessaryinformation on thecomponents thatmakeup the cost of fabri-cated steel.

AISC Code 175

It also shows how the decisions made at the designstage can influence these costs. It is not a designmanual but rather a guide that considersfrom acostpoint of view all the matters that a structural steeldesigner should consider by taking into accountcurrent fabrication practices and material/labourrelationships in the steel industry.

The fourth edition has substantially adopted therationalised approach to the costing of fabricatingsteel by using a cost per metre for sections and costper square metrefor platesdepending on the size, inlieu of the cost per tonne method.

Adherence to the principles outlined in thispublication will do much to assist designers inreaching decisions that will lead to effective andeconomic structures.

Contents:1)PreliminaryConsiderations;2)GeneralFactors Affecting Economy; 3) Framing Conceptsand Connection Types; 4) Industrial Building; 5)Commercial Buildings; 6) Bolting; 7) Welding; 8)Detailing for Economy; 9) References & FurtherReading; 10) Standards, Index.

2.2. Australian Steel Detailers’ Handbook

AISC Code 430AISC First Edition, Sec-ond Printing 2001

The purposeof thisHand-book is to provide suffi-cient information for atrainee structural steel de-tailer to learn the funda-mentals of how to detailmost members and con-nections in a simple steel--framed building.

Thetextincludesageneralsectiononcomputeraideddraftingbutisbasicallywritten fromtheviewpointoftraditional manual drafting. The reader is assumednot to be an engineer and some engineeringfundamentals areincluded tohelp inunderstandingthe procedures.

Contents: 1) Introduction; 2) Structural Steel; 3)Drafting Equipment and Drafting Practices; 4)ArrangementandDetailDrawings;5)FundamentalsofStructuralEngineering;6)Bolting;7)Welding;8)Standardised Structural Connections;9) BeamsandGirders;10)Columns;11)Trusses;12) Bracing;13)Purlins, Girts and Eaves Struts; 14) Portal Frames;15) Stairways; 16) Detailing for Economy; 17)References; Appendix A -- Fabrication of structuralsteelwork; Appendix B -- Sample project drawings.

2.3. The Behaviour & Design of SteelStructures to AS4100

3rd edition 1998N.S. Trahair andM.A. Bradford455 Pages

AISC Code 230

This reference book will prove to be invaluable forpracticing structural engineers and undergraduate/graduateengineering studentsinvolved instructuralsteelrelated subjects.Topicspresented include:loadson structures;materialpropertiesof structuralsteels;behaviour of members subject to tension,compression,in--planebendingandtorsion;in--planebehaviour; lateral buckling; biaxial bending ofmembers subject to both transverse and axialloads;rigid-- jointed frames; and the behaviour ofconnections.

The updated third edition provides an excellentbackground tounderstanding thebehaviour of steelstructures and the relationship to the designprovisions of AS 4100--1990. Previous editions ofthepublicationhadalsoincorporated informationonthe relevant British and American Standards whichhavenowbeen replacedwith furthermaterial on theAustraliandesignStandard.Thiswillprovidegreaterclarity and further helpful material.

Workedandunworked (iesolutions only)examplesare provided and a comprehensive subject index isincluded.


Contents: 1) Introduction; 2) Tension Members; 3)Compression Members; 4) Local Buckling of ThinPlate Elements; 5) In--plane Bending of Beams; 6)Lateral Buckling of Beams; 7) Beam--columns; 8)Frames; 9) Connections; 10) Torsion Members;Index.

2.4. Worked Examples for SteelStructures 3rd edition 1997

Bradford M.A.,Bridge R.Q.,Trahair N.S.88 Pages

AISC Code 200

The first two editions of Worked Examples to AS4100 have established it as a fundamental teachingtool for both students and designers of steelstructures. Thisthird edition retainsthe sameformatand content of the last edition updated for currentsteel grades and Standards. Worked Examples iswritten by prominent members of the StandardsAustralia committee which prepared AS 4100 andprovides an extensive series of worked exampleswhichdemonstratetheapplicationofthememberandthe connector design rules. Each example makesreferenceto relevantAS4100clausenumbers,otherpublications where appropriate, cross references toother worked examples in the publication, andinclusion of data from the AISC Design CapacityTables for Structural Steel, 2nd edition, Volume 1 --Open Sections to showthe typicalapplication of thetables to steel design.

Thenewedition incorporatesAmendments1,2 and3to AS 4100 as well as changesto thebase steelgradeofOneSteel, formerlyBHP,hot-- rolled steelsectionsto a base Grade 300. Worked Examples for SteelStructures will continue to be a current andcomprehensive teaching tool for the limit statesdesign of steel structures to AS 4100, and willcontinue to assist both designers and students alike.

Contents: 1) Introduction; 2) Materials; 3) GeneralDesign Requirements; 4) Methods of StructuralAnalysis; 5) Members Subject to Bending; 6)Members subjects to Compression; 7) MemberssubjecttoTension;8)MemberssubjecttoCombinedActions; 9) Connectors; References.

2.5. Steel Designers’ Handbook 6thedition 1996

Gorenc B., Tinyou R.,Syam A.

Published byUniversity of NewSouth Wales Press334 Pages

AISC Code 220

The Previous five editions of the publication havegenerally been considered a valuable and practicaltext on the permissible stress design of steelstructures. Thesixth edition sees amajor revision indesignphilosophy to embrace thelimit statesdesignmethodofAustralianStandardAS 4100--1990.Thepublication continues the theme of providing apractical insight to the theoretical background,Standard requirementsand techniquesfor thedesignof structural elements for a wide range of steelstructures -- in this instance to AS 4100. Significantcoverageisgiven to memberand connectiondesignto Section 4 to 9 of AS 4100 with also someconsideration given to the other limit states of theStandard. A largerange ofnumerical examplesandillustrations are included to assist the student andpractising engineer.

Contents: 1) Introduction; 2) Material & DesignRequirements; 3) Design Loads; 4) StructuralAnalysis; 5) Beams & Girders; 6) CompressionMembers; 7) Tension Members; 8) Connections;9)PlasticDesign; 10)Structural Framing;APPENDIX

2.6. Design of Portal Frame Buildings

S Woolcock,S Kitipornchai,M Bradford.

3rd Edition 1999320 Pages

AISC Code 180

In theAustralian context, thispublication isregardedasoneof themostpracticalpublicationson thedesignof steel portal framed buildings. The genesis of this


workwasnoted inanon-- technicalpaperpresentedinOctober1985 which considered somegrey areasonthe topic. This wasthen followedby thepublicationofadesignhandbookon steelportalframedbuildingsinitially based on a permissible stress designapproach and subsequently three limit statesdesigneditions were published.

The limit states editions are based on AS 4100.Through an evolving process, the recently releasedthird editionhasbeencompletely rewritten to reflectchanges that haveoccurred in the industry as wellasin associated Standards and design aids. Theseinclude:

! the change in basic steel grade from 250MPa to 300 MPa

! changes in loading Standards -- e.g. changesin roof wind loads in Amendment No.2 toAS 1170

! reflecting on the change in the design codefor cold-- formed steel structures to limitstates principles (i.e. from AS 1538 toAS/NZS 4600)

! reference to, and use of, the recently releasedlimit states purlin and girt design tables fromLysaght and Stramit

! a new chapter on design of portal framedbuildings with overhead travelling cranes(including crane runway girders andmonorail beams)

! design of footings and slab--on--ground forfoundationsfor steelportal framedbuildings.

Design capacity tables provided in the third edition(and not released elsewhere) include:

! top flange and above top flange loading ofcrane runway girders (composed of standardcombinations of UBs and WBs with PFC topflange channels)

! monorail beams (UB and WB)! CHS and SHS roof and wall bracing struts

(e.g. which account for the effect ofself--weight bendingand axialcompression).

As with the popular previous editions, the thirdedition considers all aspects of the design of portalframedbuildings -- ie limitstates designphilosophy,load evaluation, structural analysis, cladding,purlin/girt systems, primary structure -- rafter,columns and bracing, connections, materialshandling structure and foundations. Based on theseissues, a substantial worked example is developedthrough publication.

2.7. Portal Frame Design Charts

1st edition 1991111 Pages

S. Kitipornchai,L.W. Blinco,S.E. Grummitt

AISC Code 190

This publication will be a useful design aid forstructuralengineersand studentsalike. It assistssteeldesigners in arriving at a cost-- effective structuralsolution to satisfy functionalrequirementsforportalframe buildings. The publication complementstheAISC book Limit State Design of Portal FrameBuildings by providing easy-- to--use charts for thepreliminary selection of Universal Beams (grade250)andWeldedBeams(grade300)forcolumnsandraftersofpinnedbasesteelportalframes.Thebookisnotintended forusein finaldesignbutrather tostudytheeffectofvariationsin framespacing, section size,eavesheight, rafterpitch andhaunchingof therafterand for rapidly checking existing designs.A proforma portal frame design sheet is supplied intable format. Worked examples are provided toillustrate the typical application of the design chartsand the use of the proforma.

Contents: 1) Introduction; 2) Portal FrameParameters; 3) Loading; 4) Strength andServiceability Limit States; 5) Analysis; 6)Procedure for Using Design Charts; 7) DesignExamples; APPENDICES: A) Design Charts, B)Worked Examples, C) Preliminary Portal FrameDesign Sheet


3. DESIGN CAPACITY TABLES

3.1. Design Capacity Tables for StructuralSteel

1st Edition 1991AISC 424 Pages

The first edition of theDesign Capacity Tablesfor StructuralSteel isstillan important referencebook for steel users oftoday. It contains limitstates design capacitiestoAS4100 in similar for-mat to that of the secondedition.

AISC Code 110

This edition contains steel grades and section sizesnot included in Volume 1 of the second edition,including Grade 250 and 350 for all the hot-- rolledsections,and thediscontinued largeuniversalbeamsand columns. An essential publication for thosechecking steel in existing structures.

Contents: 1) Section Properties; 2) Design ActionEffects;3)MemberssubjecttoBending;4)MemberssubjecttoAxialCompression;5)MemberssubjecttoAxial Tension; 6) Members subject to combinedActions;7)Connections;8)Detailingparameters;9)Floor Plates; 10) Rails; 11) Gantry Girder

3.2. Design Capacity Tables for StructuralSteel 3rd Edition 1999

Volume 1:Open SectionsAISC -- 298 Pages

Regarded as a ”musthave”designaid forengi-neers,designers,fabrica-tors and other specifiersof structural steel.

AISC Code 122

The Design Capacity Tables for Structural Steel,(DCT) provides information for the design anddetailing of structural steel members andconnections. Data is presented in the limit statesformat of AS 4100.

Thisvolumeof theDCTcontainsinformation on thereadily available range of ”open” structural steelsections (WB,WC, UB, UC, PFC, TFC, TFB, EA &

UA). Also included areGrade 300PLUSt , thenew”LeanBeams”,and incorporationofAmendments1and 2 to AS 4100. Significant enhancements havebeenmadetothesecondedition, includingimprovedtable layout and easy to read design curves.

Data in the DCT includes: dimensions and sectionproperties; design section capacities; values for firedesign;anddesign capacitiesformembers subjecttobending, shear, bearing, axial compression, axialtension and combined actions. Also included aredesign capacities for bolts, welds and floor plates;elastic buckling loads;detailing parameters;sectionproperties for gantry girders and rails; and usefultables for angles subjects to flexural loadings abouttheir rectangular axes (restrained andunrestrained)and angles in trusses.

Sections are colour coded for quick and easyreference.Informativetextisincludedin eachsectionexplaining the use of the tables, the relevantclausesof AS 4100, the method used to generate the tablesand worked examples on the tables.

Contents: 1) Introduction 2) Materials 3) SectionProperties 4) Methods of Structural Analysis 5)Members subject to Bending 6)Members subjecttoAxial Compression 7) Members subject to AxialTension8)Memberssubjectto combined Actions9)Connections 10) Detailing Parameters 11) FloorPlates 12) Rails 13) Gantry Girders

3.3. Design Capacity Tables for StructuralSteel 2nd edition 1999

Volume 2: HollowSections. AISC 238 Pages

An invaluable tool forstructural designers, the2nd edition of Design Ca-pacityTablesforStructuralSteel, Volume 2: HollowSections (DCTv2ed2) isthe most comprehensiveset of member design aidsfor structural steel hollowsections (CHS, RHS SHS).

AISC Code 140

The publication is in limit states format to AS4100--1998: Steel Structuresand iscomplementaryto Volume 1: Open Sections in the AISC DCTpublication series.

Due to the growing popularity of hollow sectionconstruction there been a significant increase in therangeandassociated gradesof thissection type.The


DCTv2ed2providesup-- to--dateinformationon thefull range of Australian manufactured hollowsectionscomplyingwith AS1163. Additionally, the1998 version ofAS 4100 included somesignificantchanges to the hollow section design provisions.These changes have also been incorporated inDCTv2ed2.

Other features of DCTv2ed2 include tablesassociated with section properties, surface areas,telescoping sections, maximum design loads forsimply supported beams with full lateral restraint,design sectionmoment (including torsion) andwebcapacities, design moment capacities for memberswithout full lateral restraint and design membercapacities in axial compression/tension. The textincludesdataused togeneratethetables,informationrelevant to common applications, useful examplesandnotingofclauses/equationsinAS4100whicharespecific to hollow sections.

Contents: 1) Introduction; 2) Materials; 3) SectionProperties; 4) Methods of Structural Analysis; 5)MembersSubjecttoBending;6)MembersSubjecttoAxialCompression;7)MembersSubjecttoTension;8) Members Subject to Combined Actions; 9)Connections.

4. STRUCTURAL CONNECTIONS

4.1. Bolting of Steel Structures

3rd edition 1990Firkins A., Hogan T.J.56 Pages.

Bolts are widely usedfor connections in steelstructures due to theirefficiencyandeconomy.

AISC Code 100

Described as a publication that ”gives you thegoodoilonboltsby acouple ofnuts”, thisbook coversthemany aspects of the bolting of steel structures.Information on the design, detailing andspecificationof bolts,nuts andwashers ispresented.Now in its third edition, Bolting of Steel Structuresprovidesdesign informationbasedon thelimitstatesformat of AS 4100.

Using easy to follow tables anddiagrams, thetopicscovered included:( i) commonlyspecifiedbolttypesand their characteristics; ( ii ) methods ofidentification; ( iii ) design capacities for bolts in

shear, tension,andcombined shearand tension;( iv )detailing information (e.g. nominal bolt lengths,thread lengths, thread runs outs, etc.) ; (v )methodsof installation; and ( vi ) methodsand guidanceforselecting corrosion prevention systems. A subjectindex is included.

Contents: 1) Introduction; 2) Scope; 3)Characteristics of Structural Bolts; 4) BoltingCategories; 5) Design of Bolts; 6) Bolt LengthSelection; 7) Detailing; 8) Installation of Bolts; 9)Corrosion Protection; 10) Economical Design andDetailing; 11) Summary of Bolt Usage; 12)References;APPENDICES:A)Detailsofcommonlyused bolts nuts and washers, B) Details of specialbolts nuts and washers, C) Design capacities --strength limit state, D) Design Capacities --Serviceability limit state, E) Design Capacities --fatigue limit state.

4.2. Standardised Base Plate and HoldingDown Bolt System -- Speedibolt“Footipak”

Footipak is a joint initiative between AISC andSpeedibolt (Geebung, Qld) for a standardisedbasplateand holtingdown systemfor theAustralianmarket. The concept involves pre--manufactureditems as stock items in a kit form. Each kit has baseplate, HD bolts, WebLok cage, nuts, washers and atimber template. The WebLok cage is a galvanisedstrip which may be easily wrapped around the HDboltsinsitu and readily adjusted to avoid reinforcingor other services.

Thedesignmodelisbasedon theAISC ColumnBasePlate-- Pinned TypeConnection using the yoeld linemethod. Kits are available for hollow steel sectionsas well as for open sections.

Details of the Footipak system will be incorporatedin the next edition of the AISC StandardConnections. Current details can be found fromthewebsite www.speedibolt.com

4.3. Standardized Plate Components

A potential source for these is atwww.e-- steel.com.au


4.4. Design of Structural Connections

4th edition1994339PagesHogan T.J., Thomas I.R.See also corrigenda onAISC website.AISC Code 160

Codes for design of steelstructures primarily dealwith member design andprovide only the basic in-formation for fastenerandoverallconnectiondesign.

This publication supplements these codes byproviding rational design models for a range of thecommonly specified connections in structuralsteelwork that are presently used in Australia.Edition 4 is to the limit states Standard AS 4100,maintaining a similar format to previous workingstresseditions. Mostconnectionsrelate tohot-- rolledI and channel sections.

Flexible connections (angle seat, bearing pad,flexible end plate, angle cleat, web side plate, stiffseat, bracing cleat), rigid connections (weldedmoment and bolted moment end plate), splices(welded and bolted) and base plates (pinned) areconsidered. The publication has an accompanyingcommentary which details the research and basisofeach connection’s models.

Contents:1) Introduction;2) Notation;3) DesignofConnection Elements; 4) Design Models forConnections; 5) Commentary; 6) References;APPENDICES: A) Design Aids -- Bolts and BoltGroups; B) Design Aids -- Welds and Weld Groups;C) Gauge Lines for Sections; D) Formulae forSection Propertiesof SingleWeb Coped I--Sections;E) Design Aids for Recommended Design Models;F) Formulae for Section Properties of I--SectionswithHoles;G)Projected Areaof OverlappingStressCones for Anchor Bolt Groups; H)User’s GuideforComputer Program ”LIMCON”

4.5. Design of Structural Steel HollowSection Connections

1stedition1996256PagesVolume1:Design Models

Syam, A.A.,Chapman, B.G.AISC Code 170

Structural Steel HollowSection (SSHS) havebeenused by designers formany years.

Theirsmoothcleanlinesandengineeringefficienciesprovide great appeal.

However,despite theincreaseduseofSSHSinrecentyears and significant research undertaken (e.g. forwelded joints in trusses), little attention has beengiven to the design of SSHS connections in”non--architectural” structures -- particularly in theAustralian context.

In recognising this situation, AISC has publishedDesign of Structural Steel Hollow SectionConnections (DHSC), Volume 1: Design Models.The types of connections considered in the DHSCinclude:baseplate;sideplate;bracing cleat;flattenedend; welded tee end; slotted end plate; mitred knee;Y & T welded; X welded; K & N gap; and K & Noverlap. The DHSC is a specialist publication forSSHSconnections which reflects thecurrent stateofknowledge of such connection behaviour.

The publication contains information on generaldesign and detailing parameters, referencedStandardsanddesignmodels. Thegeneralformatofeach design model includes diagrams and notationdefining thejoint, listingofvariousreferenceswhichdeveloped thedesignmodel, additionalnotes on theapplication of the model, a description of variousdesign action effects acting on the connection, thedesign model and substantial worked examples toillustrate the use of the design model. It is believedthat the DHSC will fill a real need in the designcommunity for practical connections for SSHS.

Contents: 1) Introduction; 2)Design parameters;3)Base Plate; 4) Cap Plate; 5) Side Plate; 6) BracingCleat;7)FlattenedEnd--CHS;8) WeldedTee End;9)Slotted End Plate; 10) Mitred Knee; 11) Y & TConnections; 12) X Connections 13) K & N GapConnections; 14) K & N Overlap Connections; 15)Appendix A: Recommended Weld Details

4.6. Standardised Structural Connections

3rd edition 1985AISC 68 Pages

AISC Code 360

One of the prime objec-tives of the manual is tominimise the possiblede-tailconfigurationsofcon-nections by providingonly onebasic detailcon-taining all essential ele-mentsforeachconnectiontype.


This publication provides standard details for thedetails for the commonly specified structural steelconnections. Information such as standardisedparameters, standard connection components andtheir designations, bolting layouts, detail drawingsand safeload tablesof jointsare presented in aneasyto follow table and diagram format for eachconnection. The safe load tables were calculatedusing the design models in the AISC publicationDesignofStructuralConnections(third edition)andthus are based on the working stress designmethod.

Standard connections considered include: flexible(angle seat, bearing pad, flexible end plate, anglecleat, web side plate), rigid (fully welded, boltedmoment end plate) and splices (bolted, welded).Some information is also provided on purlin cleatsand column base plates. The details provided havebeenacceptabletodesigners,fabricatorsanderectorsfor a number of years.

Note This edition is based on the working stressdesign method. Only photocopies are available.

Contents: 1) Preliminary Considerations; 2)Standard Parameters; 3) Standard ConnectionComponents;4)GaugeLines; 5)Coping; 6)BoltingLayout; 9) Standard Connection Designations; 10)Values of Vmin; 11) Brief Commentary onConnection Types; 12) Standard FlexibleConnections; 13) Standard Rigid Connections; 14)Splices; 15) Purlin Cleats; 16) Column Base Plates;17) Additional Uses for Standard Components;18)Connection Variants for RHS and CHS; 19)FurtherReading

NOTE: AISC expects to publish a Limit StatesVersion of Standardised Connections late in 2001

5. SPECIALIZED STRUCTURALDESIGN GUIDES

Please note that a number of the followingpublications were the result of research anddevelopmentcarriedoutbyBHPandtheprintedformmay display the BHP logo. With the spin off ofOnesteel and subsequent BHP restructuring, it islikely that printed booklets with the BHP logo mayno longerbeavailable. Itisto behopedthattheresultsof thevaluableworkwillstillbeavailablein alternateforms in the future.

5.1. Crane Runway Girders 2001Limit States Design

Gorenc B.E.Approximate publication date -- August 2001Forcranerunwaygirdersthedesignermustconsiderthe interaction of the mechanical (crane) andstructural (supporting) systems.

The aim of this publication is to gather some of therelatively recent information on the subject and tohighlightthoseareas of the designof cranerunawaygirders(fortop runningcranes)whichdiffer fromthefamiliardesign routinesof steelstructures. Themainemphasis is placed on the special nature andcombination of crane loads resulting from craneoperation, on analysis and detail design of the topflange area, and on the design of those parts of thebuildingdirectly adjacentto cranerunwaygirders.Asection index is included.

Contents: 1) Introduction; 2) Runway and CraneSystem;3)Classificationof Cranesand Runways;4)Crane Loads; 5) Structural Analysis; 6) DesignProcedure; 7) Design for Fatigue Resistance; 8)Deflection Limits; 9) Detail Design; 10) Rails andAccessories; 11) Materials, Fabrication,Workmanship and Tolerances; 13) Inspection andMaintenance; Appendices: Glossary, References.

5.2. Crane Runway Girders 1983

Gorenc B.E.54 Pages

AISC Code 340

Forcranerunwaygirdersthedesignermustconsid-er the interaction of themechanical (crane) andstructural (supporting)systems. Working stressdesign method.

The design of these members is notfully covered ineither the working stress Steel Structures Code (AS3990/ AS 1250) or the Crane Code (AS 1418) --althoughboth codesprovidemuchguidanceonhowto deal with individual design aspectsof thesystem.

This publication gathers information on thesubjectand highlights those areas of the design of cranerunawaygirders(fortoprunningcranes)whichdifferfrom the familiar design routinesof steelstructures.Themain emphasisisplacedon thespecialnatureandcombination of crane loads resulting from craneoperation, on stress analysis and detaildesign of thetop flangearea,andon thedesignof thosepartsofthebuildingdirectly adjacentto cranerunwaygirders.Asection index is included.

Contents:1)Concepts; 2)Loads; 3)Design ofCraneRunawayGirders;4)Rails;5) SupportingStructure;6)FabricationandMaintenance;7)DesignExample;8)References;APPENDICES:A)Enquiry/Orderforsupplyofcrane,B)Survey results -- crane girderandrails


5.3. Design of Cold--Formed SteelStructures 3rd edition 1997

Hancock G.J.240 PagesAISC Code 150

This book explainsthebackground to the de-sign rules of AS/NZS4600:1996 -- Cold--Formed Steel Struc-tures which is in limitstates format.

As cold-- formed members are usually thinner thanhot-- rolled members structural stability has to becheckedmorethoroughlyby thedesigner.Thebookexamines the buckling ofcold-- formed membersindetail.

Thethird edition includes thelatest developmentsincold-- formedsteeldesign.Thoughbasedon the1996edition of the American Iron and Steel Institute(AISI)Specification for theDesignofCold--FormedSteel StructuralMembers, thereare someadditionalrulesthathavebeen included in AS/NZS4600:1996which are not contained in the AISI document.Thenew rules include unstiffened elements with stressgradient, distortional buckling of beams andcolumns, use of high strength steels (G450, G500,G550), earthquake provisions and blind rivetedconnections.Furtherinformationisgivenon thelimitstates design of rack systems. Detailed examplesconsiderpracticaldesign situationsandarepresentedin a simple format.

Regardedasanauthoritativecommentary toAS/NZS4600:1996, this publication will greatly assistpractitioners and students in understanding thebehaviour and design of cold-- formed steelstructures.

Contents: 1) Introduction; 2) Materials and ColdWork of Forming; 3) Buckling Modes ofThin--Walled Members in Compression andBending;4)StiffenedandUnstiffenedCompressionElements; 5) Beams, Purlins and Bracing; 6) Webs;7)CompressionMembers;8)MembersinCombinedAxial Load and Bending; 9) Connections; 10)Frames; 11) Steel Storage Racking.

5.4. Structural Design of Steel Bins forBulk Solids -- 1983

Trahair N.S.,Irvine H.M.,Ansourian P.,Rotter J.M., Abel A.

1983 -- 30 PagesAISC Code 370

This publication is con-cernedwith thestructuralbehavior, analysis anddesign of axisymmetricsteel bins for bulk solids.

Based on the working stress method of design, thetopics considered in this publication include:suggestions for load determination; a discussiononlinear analysis of steel bins; the application of theresults of linear analysis to design against yielding;asummaryofbucklingbehaviorofsteelbinelementsundervariousloading situations;and suggestionsfordesigning against buckling and combined yieldingand buckling.

Additionalinformation is alsopresented onanalysisfor earthquake loading (to AS 2121) and designagainstfatigueandfracture.Extensivereferencesareprovided for further reading.Contents:1) Introduction;2) Materials;3) Loads;4)SupportingStructures;5)StressDistribution inSteelBins;6) DesignAgainst Yielding;7) DesignAgainstBuckling;8)DesignAgainstYielding andBuckling;9)AnalysisforEarthquakeLoading;10)Fatigue;11)Brittle Fracture and Lamellar Tearing; 12)References; 13) Notation

Note: Spon Press have published (2001) a newbook by Prof Rotter, Guide for the EconomicDesign of Circular Metal Silos. In addition tostructural design requirements (slanted towardsEurocoderequirements), thebooklooksatloadings,analysis and failures of silos.

5.5. Floor Vibration in Buildings -- DesignMethods -- 1990

Murray T.M.20 PagesAISC Code 400

This publication providestwopaperswritten byPro-fessor Thomas Murray.Professor Murray is aworld expert on the phe-nomenon of human in-duced floor vibrations inbuildings.


A visiting AISC sponsored speaker in 1990, hepresented the following papers: AcceptabilityCriterion for Occupant-- Induced Floor VibrationsandFloorVibration inBuildings-- State--of-- the--ArtSummary.

The papers primarily focus on compositesteel/concrete floor systems and contain analyticalprocedures to determine the acceptability ofproposed floor systems supporting residential oroffice type environments. Appendices includedesign procedures for office and residentialenvironments and a worked example.

5.6. Economical Carparks A Design Guide

Ken Watson, John Cottam and Spiros DallasPublished by BHP Integrated Steel Marketing --Construction & EngineeringFirstEdition,Oct. 1998,2nd EdJuly 2001availablein PDF format from OneSteel.

This design guide was prepared to assist engineers,architects, quantity surveyors, builders anddevelopersproduceandcostpreliminarydesignsforsteel carparks. The guide presents nine carparkschemes which can becombined ormodified to suitthe given layout.

The schemes utilise composite slabs with profiledsteel decking, composite steel beams and steelcolumns. Extensive information is given for eachscheme for slab details, beam and column sizes,number of shear studs, connection details andcorrosionprotection systems.Costsarealsogivenforeach scheme.

Contents: 1) Introduction; 2) Steel Carparks; 3)Review of Existing Steel Carparks; 4) Layout ofCarparks-- column location,headroom,gradients;5)Parking Modules -- single and multiple schemes,carpark efficiency; 6) Design Criteria -- Buildingregulations, design loads, structural system,beams,decking, slabs, columns, lateral load resistingsystems, stairs; 7) Durability -- slabs, decking,structural steelwork, monitoring; 8) Costing --Methodology, costs, sensitivity of costs, differentsurface treatment systems, penetrations, columnsplices; 9) CaseStudy -- Deakin UniversityCarpark;10) Acknowledgements; 11) References;

Appendices -- survey, fire resistance requirements,designs and costing, design example, profiled steelsheeting design, atmospheric classification, therational costing method.

5.7. DuraGal R Mezzanine FlooringSystem

OneSteel

February 200120 pages

The DuraGal Mezza-nine Flooring Systemoffers a high strengthlightweightsteelfloor-ing system for new orexisting buildings.

Thispublicationhasadescriptionof thestandardizedcomponents; design charts for selecting bearersandjoists for single, cantilevered or continuous spans;column capacity charts for 3 and 5kPa loadings;assembly and bracing requirements; footings,stairways and handrail components andspecifications. Brief notes on fire safety andcorrosion complete the document.

5.8. Industrial Light Beam

Industrial Light Beams (ILB) are a stiff, strong andlightweightsteelsection fabricated fromtwo RHSorSHS chords with a trapezoidal folded plate webweldedbetweenthechords.Thebeamsareapplicableto a range of steel framing solutions providingexcellent strength and stiffness to weight ratios.

Severallargeportalframed structureshavebeenbuiltand the system permits the use of curved members.

ILBhavea33pagedesignbooklet“DesignCapacityTables for ILBs” as well as software distributed byCDROM.

For more information, contact ILB in OrangeNSWby email at [email protected]


6. FIRE RESISTANCE DESIGN AIDS

BHP and OneSteel have spent considerable moniesin the area of fire engineering and have produced anumber of focused guidelines. It is likely that in thenear future, these bookletswill bepublished onCD.

6.1. Guidelines for Assessment of FireResistance of Structural SteelMembers -- 1987

Bennetts I.D., Proe D.J.,Thomas I.R.20 Pages

AISC Code 410

This publication sets outthe requirements for thedesign of composite steelbeams(i.e. steelbeamcon-nected to a concrete slab)to resist the efforts of fire.

The book also specifies the means of attaining therequired fire resistance levels as well as presentingbackground material on the subject.

(NOTE:for steelmembersandconnections-- withorwithoutaspecificfireprotectionmaterial-- referenceshould now be made to Section 12 of AS 4100.Additional information can also be found byreferencing ” Design of Steel Structures for FireResistance in Accordance with AS 4100”, SteelConstruction, Vol.26 No. 3, August 1992.)

This publication is based on a report prepared byBHP Research -- Melbourne Laboratories.Report No. MRL/PS69/87/003.

Contents: 1) Scope; 2) Definitions; 3) Methods ofAssessing Period of Structural Adequacy; 4)InterpolationofThermalPerformancefromaSeriesof Tests; 5) Calculation of Temperature Conditionsfor Structural Adequacy; 6) Members with WebPenetrations;7)Connections-- Commentaryon1)to5); APPENDICES: 1) Worked examples, 2) Use ofsimplifiedformulaforobtaining criticaltemperatureforbeams,3)Useof simplifiedformulaforobtainingcritical temperature for columns, 4) Behavior ofcomposite beams in fires, 5) Influence of concreteproperties on beam temperatures.

6.2. Handbook of Fire ProtectionMaterials for Structural Steel -- 1990

Bennetts I.D.,Thomas I.R., Proe D. J.,Szeto W.T.71 PagesAISC Code 420

This handbook summa-rises standard fire testdatafor specific fireprotectionmaterials applied to steelmembers and compositebeams.

It assesses the materials on a consistent basis toenable the required thickness to be ascertainedwithout reference to individual test reports.

Values of Fire protection material thicknessdeterminedinaccordancewith thishandbookmaybedeemed to satisfy AS4100 and the AISCdocument,Guidelines for Assessment of Fire Resistance ofStructural Steel Members. All data been obtainedfromtestswhich satisfy therelevant requirementsofAS 1530: Part 4--1985.

Contents: PartA: USEOF HANDBOOK-- 1)Scope;2) Nomenclature; 3) Definitions; 4) GeneralPrinciples; 5) Procedure for Determination ofMaterial Thickness; 6) References; APPENDICES:1) Basis for assessment of materials, 2) Influenceofslab characteristics on performance of three-- sidedmembers. Part B: FIRE PROTECTIONMATERIALDATA -- Index toMaterial DataSheets;Material Data Sheets.

6.3. Economical Carparks A Guide toFire Safety

Bennetts I.D.,Poh K.W.,Thomas I.R.

March 1999 30 PagesEd 2 pub. by OneSteelavail. in PDF Aug 2001

Many multi-- levelcarparks have been builtin Australia and NewZealand.

Steel columns and columns in conjunction withreinforced, composite or precast floors have beenpossible since changes to the Building Code ofAustraliawhichpermitsthe useof baresteel inmanysituations.


Contents: 1) Introduction: Steel carparks; 2) BCADeemed-- to-- satisfy provisions: what is a carpark?what is Open--deck? Sprinkler requirements, whatsituations allow the use of bare steel; 3) FireEngineering Approach: alternative solutions foropen--deck or sprinklered carparks, carparksadjoining or below other parts; 4) ExperimentalBasis: open--deck, closed and partially opencarparks, carparks in multiclassified building,research outcome; 5) References; 6) Appendix:ESA/M of steel sections.

6.4. Low--Rise Office ConstructionA Guide to Fire Safety

Bennetts I.D.,Goh, C.C.,Thomas I.R.

OneSteel

November 200063 Pages

AISC Code 405

Contents: 1) Introduction: Steel construction,low-- rise office buildings; 2) BCADeemed-- to--Satisfy Provisions: BCA terms andconcepts including rise in storeys and effectiveheight, type of construction, fire compartments,exits, travel distance, fire-- resistance levels.Overview ofprovisions, building elements -- FRL’s;3)FireSafetyEvaluation:Whatcanwelearn fromthefire record? What matters for fire safety? 4)Alternative Solutions: BCA objectives andperformance requirements, recommendations,detailed requirements, etc.; 5) References; 6)Appendices:Sprinkleredandnon-- sprinkleredofficefire tests, barriers to fire spread -- walls and roof,ESA/M of steel sections.

6.5. Design of Sprinklered ShoppingCentre Buildings for Fire Safety

Bennetts I.D.,Thomas I.R. ,Poh K.W.

OneSteelNov. 2000 41 PagesAISC Code 406

The construction and ex-tension of large shoppingcentreshad involvedoner-ous costs on developers

andownerswhichdidnotrelate to theriskto lifefromfire in these buildings.

This publication is the result of a two year researchprojectanditpresentsamodifieddesign approachtheaim of which is to enable the designer to satisfy thefire safety objectives and relevant performancerequirements of the BCA for these classes ofbuildings.

Contents:1) Introduction;2)Background;3)PartsofShopping Centre Building; 4) BuildingCharacteristics; 5) Fire Safety Aspects; 6)OccupantAvoidance; 7) Smoke Development andManagement;8)Fire Detection and Suppression;9)Fire Spread and Management; 10) BrigadeCommunication andResponse;11) ManagementofFire Safety; 12) Conclusions and References; 13)Appendices:Example,exposedareatomassratiosofsteel sections.

6.6. Design of Sports Stand Buildings forFire Safety -- June 1998

I.D. Bennets,K.W. Poh, S.L. Poon,I.R. ThomasP. England, N. KurbanG. Anderson -- 32 pages

Ed 2 by OneSteel inPDFformat, Aug. 2001

This publication appliesto sports stand buildingsin open stadia, of non--combustible construc-tion that fall outsideclause C1.7 of the BCA.

Many impressive, multi-- level sports stadia havebeenbuiltinAustraliarecentlywhich containqualityfacilities. The purposeof thisbook isto consider thefiresafetyof thesecomplex buildingsand topresentdesign principles and procedures which will allowthe fire safety objectives and relevant performancerequirements of the BCA to be met.

Contents: 1) Sports Stand Buildings; 2) Parts ofModern Sport Stands Buildings; 3) HistoricalReview; 4) Fire Safety Aspects -- Occupantavoidance, Smoke development and management,Fire detection and suppression -- Brigadecommunication and response, Fire spread andmanagement; 5) References; Appendices: 1Modelling of Fire Characteristics; 2 Application ofBCAAccessandEgress Requirementsto aBuilding;3 Calculation of Evacuation Times; 4 ExposedSurface Area to Mass Ratios for Steel Sections; 5Checking of Steel Member Size for Fire Adequacy.


7. ARCHITECTURAL AND DOMESTIC

7.1. The Use of Steel in Homes 1995

AISC Code 440141 Pages

Produced with the assis-tance of many experts inthe field, this publicationprovides information thatwill assist engineers andowner builders alike.

Presented in asimple, easy to followformat, TheuseofSteel inHomes (TUSH) includes informativetexton a wide variety of issues pertaining to steel inhousing. By referring to themain tablesin thebook,steel beam and column sizes can be quicklydetermined for use in domestic construction. Themajor advantage is that complex calculations andknowledgeofDesignStandards arenot necessary todetermine the correct steel member sizes. Thebeamand column tables take into account any loadstransmitted fromtimber floors,concretefloors, steelsheet roofs and tiles roofsand also take into accountwind loads.Trussed andpitched roofsareincludedaswell as loads transmitted from the roof to the floor.

Tables are also included to enable users to quicklydetermine suitable steel wallmullions, lintels,gates,handrails, balustrades and stair stringers.Contents:1)Scopeandgeneral;2)The useof steeltoenhancesiting andbuilding design;3) Floorbeams;4) Walls; 5) Roof beams; 6) Stairs; 7) Handrails andbalustrades; 8) Gate frames; 9) Removing columnsunder dwellings; 10) Corrosion Protection; 11)Determination of beam sizes; 12) Determination ofcolumns sizes; 13) Steel framed housing; 14)Composite steel/concrete floors; 15) Steel roof andwall cladding; 16) References; APPENDICES: A)Design Criteria; B) Worked Examples; C) Contactaddresses.

7.2. BHP Structural Steel in Housing

Span Tables and Con-nectionDetailsforLin-tels, Roof and FloorBeams

28 pagesJuly 1998

Contents:BHP (nowOneSteel) ProductDescription&Range;SpanTableDesignData;Bearers;StruttingBeams; Strutting/Hanging Beams; LintelsSupporting Roof; Lintels Supporting Roof andFloor;LintelsSupportingStruttingBeam;VerandahBeams; Steel Sheet Roofs in High Wind Areas;LintelsSupportingMasonry;ConnectionExamples;Surface Treatment; Steel Supply.

7.3. Architecture in Steel --1987

Ogg A.Published by RAIA255 PagesAISC Code 450

This award winningpublicationiselegantlypresented with qualityphotographs and il-lustrations.Theauthor,Alan Ogg, highlightsthemany facets of steelin architecturaldesign.

Notonly isAustralian architecturein steelconsideredbut world casestudies arealso carefully highlightedtoillustrateconceptualideas,overallframingsystem,connectiondetails,relationshipofcladding toframe,claddingdetails aswell asinteresting informationofhistorical significance. Commercial high risebuildings, airports, steel-- framed houses, sportingfacilities and many other steel buildings andstructures are examined in detail.

Contents: 1) Introduction; 2) Chronology andHistory;3)Design inSteel;4) WorldCase Studies;5)Australian Case Studies; 6) Guide to AustralianBuildings; 7) Bibliography; 8) Credits forIllustrations and Photographs.


7.4. Lintels

A number of designchartsexist for special-isedproductswhichareavailable from differ-ent product manufac-turers. Examples arethe Galintel range ofmulti-- rib flat bar, thesolid base Galintels,the solid base Galintel’T’ bars and theGalin-tel Rendabar.

Refer to theGrahamGroupproductbrochuresor thewebsite at www.grahamgroup.com.au

Refer also to Industrial Galvanisers website atwww.indgalv.com.au

7.5. Steel Gratings and Floor Mesh

Steelgratings and floor decks,both ofopen meshorsolid plate are a common steel component inindustrialplantsaswellasaccessto othermechanicalplant and mezzanine floors.

For design information on Weldlok gratings anddrainage products, refer to the Weldlok website atwww.weldlok.com.au

7.6. Stairs and Railings

A number of companies manufacture standardstanchions and railing components. An example isthe Weldlok Balltube system, one of the productsofthe Graham Group (see above).

7.7. Guardrails

Design information on crash barriers are availablefrom Industrial Galvanisers --www.civilproducts.indgalv.com.au

7.8. Lighting Poles

Design information on steel lighting poles areavailable from Industrial Galvanisers --www.poles.indgalv.com.au

8. FABRICATION

8.1. Commentary on the Structural SteelWelding Standard 1992

A. Syam Editor72 PagesAISC Code 470

Jointly published bytheWeldingTechnolo-gy Institute of Austra-lia (WTIA) and AISC,this Technical Note(TN) provides a valu-able commentary toAS/NZS 1554: Struc-tural Steel Welding.

Allfivepartsof theStandard areconsidered-- i.e.Part1: Welding of steel structures; Part 2: Stud welding(Steel studs to steel); Part 3: Welding of reinforcingsteel;Part4: Weldingof high strength quenchedandtempered steels, and; Part 5: Welding of structuressubject to high levels of fatigue loading.

TN 11 is intended to complement the Standards byexplaining its application to welded steelconstruction. This is accomplished by providingmuchbackgroundmaterial,further interpretationofclauses, and reflects on typical industry practice invarious areas. The publication is easilycross-- referenced with the Standards by the use of asimilar clause/heading numbering system.Significantconsideration isalsogiven to theintentofthe related design Standards -- AS 4100 Steelstructures, AS 3990 Mechanical equipment--Steelwork, AS/NZS Cold-- formed steel structuresand NZS 3404 Steel structures standard.Practitioners and students in the structural/mechanical engineering and fabrication areas willfind thispublicationveryusefulandeasy tointerpret.

Contents: Introduction; Scope; Terminology;Section A: Welding of Steel Structures; Section B:Stud Welding (Steel Studs to Steel); Section C:WeldingofReinforcingSteel;SectionD: WeldingofHigh Strength Quenched and Tempered Steels;Section E: Welding of Steel Structures Subject toHighLevels ofFatigue Loading;References; ListofWTIA Technical Notes.


8.2. An Engineer’s Guide to FabricatingSteel Structures.Volume 1 -- Fabrication Methods

First Edition August 2001John Taylor160 pages

Contents:1)Materialfor SteelStructures; 2)Cuttingand Forming Steel; 3) Heat Treatment; 4) JoiningProcesses; 5) Arc Welding Processes; 6) ManualMetal Arc Welding; 7) Submerged Arc Welding; 8)Gas Metal Arc and Flux Cored Arc Welding; 9) GasTungsten Arc Welding; 10) Arc Stud Welding; 11)Mechanisation of Welding and Cutting; 12)Weldability and Welding Defects; 13) Glossary.

8.3. An Engineer’s Guide to FabricatingSteel Structures.Volume 2 -- Detailing for Fabricationand Quality Management

First Edition expected late 2001John Taylorapprox. 134 pages

8.4. Quality Assurance and theFabricator

Gregory R Goad, 1991

This publication (in photocopy version only) wereproducedas partof aworkshop held jointly with theNational Industry Extension Service to aidfabricators in their endeavours to embrace theprinciples of Quality Assurance.

The document has been designed to aid with theinterpretation of the requirements of the AustralianStandard AS3902 as they relate to quality and thesteel fabrication industry and mayact asa catalysttothedevelopmentofaqualitymanualand theadoptionof quality principles.

Contents: 1) Explanatory Notes for developing aCorporateQualityManual;2)ExplanatoryNotesfordeveloping an Operational Procedures Manual; 3)ExplanatoryNotesfordevelopingaWorkInstructionManual.

9. GENERAL

9.1. Roark’s Formula for Stress andStrain 6th edition 1989

Young W.C.Published by McGraw--Hill763 PagesAISC Code 460

Note: 7th Editionavailable later in 2001

This book is a tremendous time and cost saver forengineers who design and analyse structuralelements, and need to quickly know whether thesecomponents will withstand the physical andenvironmental stresses to which they are subjected.Formulae are given for stresses and deformation inbars, beam, frames, plates, shells and vessels whensubjected to concentrated loads, moments anddeformations as well as various simple distributedloadings.Thereareresultsfornatural frequenciesofvarious loadings on beams.

This publication is an excellent reference book --compact yet detailed -- and gives a summary offormulae, facts, and principles pertaining to thestrength and deformationsof materials.A nameandsubject index are included.

Contents: 1) Definitions;2) TheBehavior ofBodiesunder Stress; 3) Principles and AnalyticalMethods;4) Experimental Methods; 5) Properties of a PlaneArea; 6) Tension, Compression, Shear, andCombined Stress; 7) Beams; Flexure of StraightBars; 8) Curved Beams; 9) Torsion; 10) Flat Plates;11)ColumnsandOtherCompression Members;12)Shells of Revolution; Pressure Vessels; Pipes; 13)Bodies under Direct Bearing and Shear Stress; 14)Elastic Stability; 15) Dynamic and TemperatureStresses; APPENDIX.


10. COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION

Many of the OneSteel Composite Design Manualsare available on CDROM from AISC (Code 515).

10.1. SAA HB91--1997 Composite BeamDesign Handbook 1997

Jointly published byAISC and StandardsAustralia Availablethrough Standards Aus-tralia

ThecompositeBeamDe-sign Handbook has pri-marily beenwritten to as-sist design engineersperform calculations inaccordance with AS2327.1--1996.

The new concepts introduced in AS 2327.1--1996have been briefly explained and a limitedcommentary on the important design clauses hasbeen given. A complete and detailed workedexample is progressivelypresented through severalchapters to outline the calculations necessary todesign atypicalcompositebeam.Thehandbookalsocontains design tables which primarily provide thedesign moment capacities for a wide range ofpracticalcompositebeamcross-- sections. Thetablesmaybeused in conjunctionwithAS2327.1--1996toimprove the efficiency of the design process.

Contents: 1) Introduction; 2) Materials; 3) OverallDesign Process; 4) Design Loads; 5) EffectiveSections; 6) Design for Strength; 7) Design forServiceability; 8) Design of Shear Connectors; 9)Transfer of Longitudinal Shear in Concrete; 10)Design for Fire Resistance;

Appendices: A) Design Tables; B) Tables for ShearConnector and Longitudinal Shear ReinforcementDesign; C) Design Examples (using tables); D)Design for Construction Stages

10.2. DB1.1 Design of Simply SupportedComposite Beams for Strength

OneSteel CompositeStructures DesignManualDesign Booklet DB1.1Edition 2 Feb 200148 Pages on CDROMAISC Code 515

Dr. Daya DayawansaDr. Mark PatrickRodney White

A design booklet covering the strength design ofsimply-- supported compositebeams, which enablessignificant construction cost savings which can beconsistently achieved, compared with previouspractice. This booklet does not cover design forserviceability, shear connectors or fire resistance.

Contents:1)Scopeand General;2) Terminology;3)Design Concepts; 4) Design Models; 5) DesignApproach;6)DesignRules;7)WorkedExamples;8)References; Appendices -- Design Tables,Notation.

10.3. DB1.2 Design of the ShearConnection of Simply--SupportedComposite Beams to AS 2327.1--1996


Dr. Qing Quan LiangDr. Mark PatrickCentre for ConstructionTechnology andResearch

This is the sixth booklet in the Composite series.

Contents: 1) Scope; 2) Terminology; 3) DesignConcepts: purpose of shear connectors, load-- slipbehaviour of shear connectorsand factorsaffectingthis behaviour, effects of profiled steel sheeting,longitudinal shear surfaces and the role ofreinforcement (types 1--4); Design Models: ductileshear connection model, simplified longitudinalshear surfaces, connector shear capacity, ductileshear force model, uniform shear flow model,shear-- friction model; 5) Design Approach:COMPSHEARt input data, detailing profiled steelsheeting, placement of shear connectors, design ofconcrete slab reinforcement and types 1--4 reo; 6)Design Rules: design objectives, detailingconnectors perpendicular and parallel to the steelbeam, anchorage and spacing requirements; 7)WorkedExamples:primaryinternalbeam,secondaryedgebeam;8) References;9) Appendicesincludingdesign charts.


10.4. DB1.3 Design of Simply SupportedBeams with Large Web Penetrations


Dr. Cameron ChickDr. Daya DayawansaDr. Chong Chee GohDr. Mark PatrickRodney White

A booklet covering the design of supported beamswith large web penetrations, which enablessignificant construction cost savings which can beconsistently achieved, compared with previouspractice.Thisbooklet presentsthe additionaldesigninformation necessary to allow large webpenetrationstobeincorporatedintosimplysupportedbare steel and composite beams.

Contents: 1) Scope; 2) Terminology; 3) DesignConcepts;4)DesignModels;5)DesignApproach;6)Design Rules; 7) Aids for Strength Design; 8)Worked Examples; 9) References; Appendices --Nominal moment capacities for composite beams,bare steel beams, DesignCapacity Tables,Notation.

10.5. DB2.1 Design of ContinuousComposite Beams with RigidConnections for Strength

OneSteel CompositeStructures DesignManualDesign Booklet DB2.1

163 Pages on CDROMEdition 1 Feb 2001AISC Code 515

Dr. Paul BerryProf. Russell BridgeDr. Mark Patrick

Theinitialresearch anddevelopmentwascarriedoutat the BHP Melbourne Research Labs and thisworkhas been completed at the University of WesternSydney Centre for Construction Technology andResearch.

This is the fifth booklet to be published for theComposite Design Manual which is beingmaintained by OneSteel.

Continuous composite beams can offer significantbenefitsoversimplysupportedbeamswithimprovedstrength, where reinforcement is present over thesupports, and improved serviceability in terms ofreduced deflections, improved vibrationperformance and crackcontrol of the concreteoverthe supports.

Contents: 1) Scope; 2) Terminology; 3) DesignConcepts: general behaviour of continuous beams,section behaviour of members and connections,global analysis and behaviour; 4) Design Models:ductileshearconnection,moment-- shearinteraction,member cross-- sections in negative bending,partial--depth andflush endplateconnections,lateraltorsionalbuckling;5)DesignApproach:designdata,preliminarydesign, strengthdesign forconstructionstages 3 through 6 and the in-- service condition,serviceability design;6) DesignRules: design loads,construction, properties and classification ofcross-- sections, methods of analysis, positive andnegative moment member capacities, criticalsections, design and distribution of the shearconnectors, crack control; 7) Worked Examples:secondaryandprimarybeamsinacarpark,secondarybeam in an office; 8) References; 9) Appendices:elastic properties of members in negative bending,elastic contraflexure analysis, negative momentcapacity of members and end plate connections,design tables and charts parallel and perpendicularcases.

10.6. DB3.1 Design of Composite Slabs forStrength

OneSteel CompositeStructures DesignManualDesign Booklet DB3.1

Edition 2 Feb 200156 pages on CDROMAISC Code 515

Dr. Chong Chee GohDr. Mark PatrickDavid ProeRodney White

A design booklet covering the strength design ofcomposite slabs, which enables significantconstruction cost savings which can beconsistentlyachieved, compared with previous practice.

Contents: 1) Scope; 2) Terminology; 3) DesignConcepts;4)DesignModels;5)DesignApproach;6)Design Rules; 7) Worked Examples; 8) References;Appendices-- ReferencedAS,Notation,StrengthforProfiled Sheeting Products, Design Moment andVertical Shear Capacity Tables.


10.7. DB5.1 Design of the Web--side--PlateSteel Connection

OneSteel CompositeStructures DesignManual

Design Booklet DB5.1Edition1November2000on CDROMAISC Code 515

Dr. Paul BerryProf. Russell BridgeDr. Mark PatrickDr. Andrew WheelerJamie Adams

Theinitialresearch anddevelopmentwascarriedoutat the BHP Melbourne Research Labs and thisworkhas been completed at the University of WesternSydney Centre for Construction Technology andResearch.

Partofasuiteofdesign bookletscovering thedesignof simply supported and continuous compositebeams, columns and slabs. The web-- side--plate is acommon connection type and an improved designmethod is presented based on the 1994 AISC limitstatedesignmethodfor structuralconnectionsandanextensive test program.

The support condition can be stiffor flexiblewhichcan lead to improved efficiencies and smallerconnections. New work on design eccentricities,weld detailing, cleat thicknesses and rotationalcapacities are included.

Contents: 1) Scope; 2) Terminology; 3) DesignConcepts -- support conditions, moment-- rotationbehaviour, design action effects on connectioncomponents,overload condition;4) DesignModels-- general, support conditions, moment-- rotationmodel, rotation modelling, design action effects,component strengths; 5) Design Approach --identification of support conditions, connectiondesign by detailed calculation, design using designshearcapacity tables,rotation andcapacity checksbyWSP--STEEL; 6) Design Rules -- limit staterequirements, design loads, rotational stiffness,design eccentricities, avoiding contact; 7) WorkedExamples; 8) References; Appendices includingdesign shear capacity tables.

10.8. Using Bondek:Design & Construction

BHP BuildingProducts Research andDevelopment

February 2001

132 pages plusBondek 2000Software CDROM

This new publication supersedes eight previouslypublished manuals of various titles. It tabulates thepropping, composite slab data and fire design forvarious situations. New Bondek 2000 Softwareenables quick and economical solutions.

Bondek profiled steel sheeting is the centre of aformwork and reinforcement system for concreteslab construction. This new publication embodieslimitstatedesign approachand isbased onextensivetesting on Bondekprofiles alongwith severalmajornew technical developments such as savings innegative reinforcement due to momentredistribution, partial shear connection strengththeory,reliablecontrolofflexuralcrackinginsupportregions and new reinforcement grades D500N andD500L.

Contents: 1) Introduction -- design methods forBondek, general design parameters, materials(sheeting,concrete,reinforcement),dimensionsandproperties,corrosionprotection,designflowchart;2)FormworkDesign -- general, application,deflectionlimits, formwork design loads; 3) Composite SlabDesign -- crack control options, durability, designloads, linear elastic analysis, strength design fornegative moments, positive moments, multiplespans, serviceability design; 4) Fire Design -- fireresistanceperiods,designforinsulation andintegrity,structural adequacy, reinforcement for fire designetc.; 5) Construction -- safety, installation,reinforcement, concrete, finishing, suspendedceilings and services; 6) Worked Examples; 7)Design Tables -- single spans and 8) continuousspans;9)Bondek2000Software;10)References;11)Notation.


10.9. Fielders Kingflor Designer

The trapezoidal ribs ofKingFlor70providegreatstrength and stiffness thatallowthesteeldeck to sup-port large loads and spangreater distances duringconstruction. The L--shaped lapping ribs pro-vide an easy connectionbetween adjacent sheetsand in conjunction withthe dove-- tail ribs providea strong and ductile ribshear connection after theconcrete has hardened.

FieldersKF70 isalready demonstrating it providesafastermorecostefficientsolutiononprojectsaroundthe country. KF70.

For further information on the CDROM, contactFielders via the website at www.fielders.com.au

10.10. Stramit Condeck HP

Structural Steel DeckTechnical Design Manual34 pages, August 1996

Published by StramitMetal Building Products

Condeck HP (High Performance) is part of theStramitrangeofconcretefloor systems.Thismanualwas updated following extensive testing at theUniversity of Sydney.

Contents: Introducing Condeck HP; Features;Design Principles; Propping; Section Properties;Negative Reinforcement; Composite Slab CapacityGraphs; Design Examples; Installation;Architectural Details; Fire Resistance DesignInformation.

10.11. Composite Steel Road BridgesConcepts and Design Charts

Frank Rapattoni (BHP)DennisEastwood (Vicroads)Mark Bennett (RTA)Harry Cheung (RTA)

Published byBHP Integrated SteelNovember 1998

An increasinglypopularbridgesuperstructure isthecompositeconcrete deckand steelgirders (I, troughorbox types). Thispublication hasbeen prepared toassistbridgedesignerswith thepreliminarydesignofeconomical composite I--girder steel bridges usingthe 1996 Australian Bridge Design Code.

Design charts in the document for spans up to 60metres enable sufficient accuracy for preliminarycost estimating. Brief guidelines are given on anumberofaspectswhich influencetheeconomicsofsteelbridges.Design liveloadshavebeenassumedtobe the worst effect of T44 and HLP 400 for bothserviceability and ultimate strength limit states.

Contents: 1) General; 2) Preliminary Design; 3)Design Charts for BHP Standard Beam Bridges; 4)Design Charts for Multiple Plate Girder Bridges; 5)Design Charts for Twin Plate Girder Bridges; 6)Bridge Systems and Details for Economy; 7)SpecificationsforSteelworkFabrication;8)SurfaceProtection; 9) Safety -- Tips for Design andConstruction; 10) Estimating Bridge ConstructionCosts; 11) References; 12) BHP Technical Support;13) Steel Fabricators; 14) Steel Distributors.


11. COMPOSITE DESIGN SOFTWARE

11.1. Lysaght Bondek 2000 -- Version 1

This software is distributed on CDROM with theBHP Lysaght design manualUsing Bondek:Design& Construction. It requires Microsoft Excel 95 torun.

Theabovementionedmanualiscontainedon theCDas a PDF (Portable Document Format) file. Thesoftwarewasused togenerate the design tables in themanual.Thereisa“readme” fileof instructions.Thesoftware is an Excel 95 5/7 spreadsheet whichgivessolutions that conform toAS 3600 -- 1994ConcreteStructures. In addition to the standard cases, itprovides some additional options such as:

! interior spans thinner than end spans! design of concrete-- frame buildings with

band beams! all reinforcement grades and sizes! lightweight concrete! superimposed dead, storage and live loads! fire ratings of 4 hours! design with no crack control requirements! design of formwork as continuous or

discontinuous over permanent supports! A2 exposure classification.

11.2. COMPBEAM (TM) Version 1.1

For simply supported composite beams

11.3. WEBPEN (TM) Version 1.1

For web penetration in simply supported beams

11.4. WSP--STEEL (TM) Version 1.0

For the design of web-- side--plate connections

11.5. COMPSECT (TM)

Cross-- section strength design of composite beams

11.6. COMPSHEAR (TM)

Fordesignof shearconnectionsin compositebeams.

COMPBEAM, WEBPEN, WSP--STEEL,COMPSECT and COMPSHEAR are all availableon the OneSteel Composite Structures DesignManual Version 1.1 CDROM issued July 2001along with the Design Booklets DB1.1, DB1.2,DB1.3, DB2.1, DB3.1, DB5.1 and SDB5.1.Contact OneSteel Market Mills on1800--1--STEELor at www.onesteel.com.au

The Composite CD is also available from AISC.AISC Code 515

12. SOFTWARE

Thereareanumberof softwarepackageswhichofferconsiderable design and documentation tools.Because of the specialized nature and technicalsupportassociatedwith thesepackages,theAISCcanonly draw attention to them.

The AISCis howeverof theopinion thatinvestmentin specialized software which permits closerintegration of the design, structural analysis,steelwork modeling and documentation. To fullybenefitfromthesepackagesrequiresan investmentintime for training and a commitment to utilize thefeatures in order to gain overall efficiencies in steelconstruction.

12.1. Teaching

12.1.1. HB83 -- 1996 Steel Structures madeEasy

PublishedbyStandardsAustraliaasastudentguidetoAS4100,thisCDROM has three levels ofAS4100:Novice-- forfirstorsec-ond year engineering students;Advanced -- for third or fourthyear students, or in fact for mostpracticaldesign;andExpert-- forall tiers in the code.

For the Novice and Advanced levels, there is arunningcommentary andbackgroundexplanationsgiven aimed at that level of student. The CD alsocontainsabout700highdefinition colouredpicturesof steel topics. These are organized in two groups --a learning fashion related to each of the seventeensections in the Code; and a Project album.

The CD also contains steel sectionproperties for theopen, welded and hollow sections together withdesign capacitygraphsand twosmallDOSprogramsfor selecting members for bending and columns.

12.2. Capacity Tables

12.2.1. DCTplate -- Design Capacity ofStructural Steel Plates

DCTplate extends the range of solutions found inAISC’s Design Capacity Tables and most texts. Itcovers all grades of steel plate manufactured to AS3678 or AS 3597. Design is in accordance with AS


4100or theAmericanAISCWorkingStress rulesforplates whose yield stress exceeds 450 MPa.

DCTplate features:

! Simple design forms that act as wizards toguide you. A drawing reflects your choices.

! Multiple forms for easy comparison ofdifferent designs.

! The ability to apply linearly varying loads toall or part of a rectangular plate.

! Automatic checks for strength and/orserviceability.

With DCTplate you can:

! Change support conditions by clicking themouse on the drawing.

! Select cells from a grid for partial pad loadson rectangular plates

! Select grades and preferred plate thicknesseswithout consulting product literature.

! Finally, print the key parameters and adrawing of your design.

12.2.2. DCTcomp -- Design CapacityTables for Computers

DCTcompcovershotrolled,weldedandcoldformedsections plus welds and boltsthat canbe designed toAS4100--1998. DCTcomp ismuch morethan justalist of section properties. It also features:

! Information from FIVE (5) publications inone package.

! Intelligent lists to let you quickly findinformation. No longer do you have toremember which hollow sections areavailable in a particular steel grade.

! Simple buttons or menus to display all theinformation about a section.

! All design capacities on a single screen forthe parameters you specify. No longer doyou have to interpolate for effective lengthsor combined actions.

! Browse buttons to see alternative sections inthe range. No longer do you have to flickpages. The program remembers andautomatically updates as you change thedisplay.

! An interactive calculator for the full range ofbolt and ply combinations to help withconnection design.

! Finally, print any display or copy values tothe clipboard for use in other software.

If you use AISC’s Design Capacity Tables thenDCTcomp isthesoftwarefor you!Over 1,000pages

ofextensivelyusedinformationhasbeencompressedinto one simple easy-- to--use in other software.

DCTcomp (Windows Version) is availableas partofthe OneSteel Product Catalogue CDROM issued inJuly 2001.

For further information contacttheAISCbookshop:e--mail: [email protected] Code 535

13. STRUCTURAL ANALYSISSOFTWARE

13.1. Microstran -- Analysis & Design ofStructures

Microstran is a comprehensive, easy-- to--usesoftware package for the analysis and design of allkinds of frame structures -- beams, trusses, frames,towers, and bridges. Structures may betwo--dimensional or three--dimensional, varying insize from a few members to many thousands ofmembers. Microstran performs an automaticcheckof all input data prior to analysis. The consistencycheck will detect a range of modelling problemsrelated to geometry and loading.

Integrated LIMSTEEL is an optional modules thatpermitsthedesign andchecking of steel membersinaccordance with AS 4100. Once the structure hasbeen analysed the members may be designed orchecked in accordance with the design code.Microstran’suser interface makesit easy to inputthedata necessary for steel design. Changes to thestructure or loads can be assessed quickly byrepeating the analysis/check cycle and theninspecting a graphical display of design results thatshows inadequate members in red.ACADInterfaceisan integralpartofMicrostran thatoffersthecapabilityofexchanging3--Ddatabetweena structural model and CAD systems. A Microstranmodel may be created by importing a suitableCADDXF and conversely, a Microstran model may beexported to a DXF that could become thebasis foraCAD drawing. Optional steel detailing modules areavailable for StruCAD and Xsteel.For further information, contact EngineeringSystems Pty Ltd or visit the website atwww.microstran.com

13.2. Space Gass

SPACE GASS is a general purpose structuralanaly-sis and design program for 2D and 3D frames,trusses, grillages and beams. It comes with a fullcomplement of features thatmake itsuitable forany


job from small beams, trusses and portal frames tolargehigh risebuildings, towers,cranesandbridges.Itemssuchasgraphicalinput,polarcoordinates,elas-tic supports, pin-- ended members, tension--onlymembers,rigidmemberoffsets,andnon-- linearanal-ysis are all standard features.

SPACE GASS for Windows has been designed sothatyouhaveeverythingatyourfingertips.Themaingraphics display, which is visible almost all of thetime, isthecentralfocusof theprogramandconstant-ly shows the current state of the model;you candis-play up to four viewports(windows), withdifferentviews of the structure, at one time.

The standard features in SPACE GASS include:! Intuitive graphical user interface.! Simple and logical menu and toolbar button

system offering access to all programfeatures.

! Multiple viewports that allow you to displayup to four different views of the model atonce.

! SI--Metric, Imperial or a user defined unitssystem.

! Graphical input and context sensitivemenus.! Datasheet input and text file input.! A Structure Wizard that guides you through

the generation of standard structures.! Full data generation facilities for linear and

curved structures.! Rigid, sliding and pin-- ended members and

supports.! Semi-- rigid joints.! 3D member offsets.! Tension--only and compression--only

members.! Standard section, material, bolt, plate and

weld libraries.! All types of node and member loads and

combinations.! Load case enveloping.! Linear and non-- linear analysis with

wavefront optimization.! Highly customizableand previewableoutput

reports.! Full node and member renumbering before

or after other data has been input.! Loading and deformed geometry diagrams.! Bending moment, shear force, and axial

force diagrams.

Forfurtherinformation,contactIntegratedTechnicalSoftware in Geelong, Victoria or visit the website atwww.spacegass.com

13.3. Strand7

Strand7 is fully-- integrated visual environmentcombinedwith a suiteof powerfulsolvers givesyouunparalleled functionality in a single application.Construct models, run analyses and investigateresults simultaneously using a seamless interface.

Advanced modelling at your fingertips -- a flexibleworking evironment lets youbuild modelsquickly.Create, delete and manipulate elements with acomprehensivesetof tools,automated meshingandunlimited undo.Organise acomplicated modelintoa simple set of parts using the Group Tree. Defineyour own coordinate systems and beamcross-- sections.Checkmeshqualitywith aspectratioand warping contours and free edge detection.

Strand7 harnesses the power of Windows. Openmultiple models at the same time. Cut-- and--pasteelements in 3D -- even between models -- and copydata to and from other Windows programs. Importgeometry data from ACIS and DXF files.

Strand7 also features

! an extensive element library: 1D: Beam,truss, spring, damper, catenary cable andcontact elements (2D and 3D) 2D: Planestress, plane strain, plate/shell, 3Dmembrane, shear panel and axisymmetricelements 3D: Tetrahedral, wedge, pyramidand hexahedral elements Constraints: Rigidlinks, pinned links, master/slave links,sector-- symmetry links, coupling links

! a range of solvers: Static: Linear, bucklingand non-- linear (geometric, material andboundary non-- linearity) Dynamic: Naturalfrequency, harmonic response and spectralresponse, Transient: Linear and non-- linear(geometric, material and boundarynon-- linearity) Heat transfer: Steady-- stateand transient (linear and non-- linear)

! standard and specialize structural materials.! industry standard data libraries such as steel

section properties.

For further information contactG+D Computing inSydney, or visit the web-- site atwww.strand.aust.com

13.4. Multiframe Version 8

Formation Design Systems is a software develop-mentcompany specializing in3D modelling,analy-sis and design software. Specialist areas of applica-tionincludenavalarchitectureand shipconstruction,structural engineering and industrial design.


Multiframe’s flexible construction capabilities willdramatically reduce the time it takes you to set upstructural models. This means fewer errors, moretime for you to investigate design alternatives andamoreprofessionalresult.Othermodulesallowyoutodraw section shapes and install them in the sectionslibrary. A built-- in calculation sheet allows you toprepare design calculations and apply them to anypartofanymember.Andaneverexpanding rangeofdesign add--onsalso allowsyou tosimplify steel,tim-ber and concrete code checking.Youcanproducevarying reportstoprintoutarecordof tables,diagrams orcalculations forall or just ase-lected rangeofmembers.Youcanalsocopyandpasteor savefiles of results foryour ownpost--processingprograms or reports.

For more information, contact Formation DesignSystems in Perth, or visit the website at www.form-sys.com

13.5. e:Frame

3D framing design and analysis systems for steelframedbuilding through tonumericcontrolofplantequipment. e:Frame covers floors, walls and rooftrusses of any configuration and to any designstandard both locally and internationally.

For further information see www.ess.com.au

14. MEMBER / JOINT DESIGNCHECKING SOFTWARE

14.1. Limcon V2 -- Checking & Design ofSteel Connections to AS 4100

Limcon, the companion program to the AISCpublication Design of Structural Connections,permitscheckinganddesignofalltheconnectionsinthis book. Limcon also includes the OneSteel WebSide Plate connection, described in Design BookletDB5.1 Design of the Web--Side--Plate SteelConnection, published by OneSteel Market Mills(November 2000).

Limcon shows a dimensioned detail diagram of theconnection atalltimesduring thedesignprocess.Theconnectiondetailscanbesaved to anAutoCADDXFat the click of a button. Printed output contains adetail diagram and full results of all design checks.Limcon’s virtual reality viewer, in which differentcolours are used for each type of component,provides a useful visual check of arrangement andclearances.

Further information on Limcon is available atwww.engsys.com.au. The program may bepurchased from AISC or Engineering Systems.

14.2. LIMSTEEL

LIMSTEELisacomputerprogramforthelimitstatesdesignof steelstructures according to theAustralianand New Zealand Steel Structures Standards AS4100--1998 and NZS 3404:1997. LIMSTEEL canalso design DuraGal channelsand anglesaccordingto the Australian/New Zealand Cold--Formed SteelStructures Standard AS/NZS 4600--1996. Theprogram is available in three versions -- standalone,lite and integrated.

Thestandaloneversionprovidesthedesignerofsteelstructures with a simple, rapid, and economicalmethodto check,designorproportion steelmembersand connectors. In the check mode, LIMSTEELchecks the capacities of a specified member orconnector for the specified design actions. In thedesignmode,LIMSTEELchoosesthesmallestfroma selected group of member sections or connectorsizes which is adequate for the specified designactions. In theproportioningmode,theuserinteractswith LIMSTEEL to proportion a welded I or boxsectionmember,or thestiffeners for such amember.

LIMSTEEL LITE is a reduced student version ofLIMSTEEL Standalone available free of charge.LIMSTEEL LITE allows the user to check one AS4100member ata time.The otherdata inputscreensforNZS3404andAS/NZS4600members,platewebgirders and welded box sections, stiffeners andconnectorshavebeendisabled,butremain visible totheuser.LIMSTEELLITEcanonly checkhot-- rolledI-- sections and rectangular and square hollowsections,anddoesnotallowa reportto begenerated.

The integrated version of LIMSTEEL is used inconjunction with the two structural analysisprograms Microstran and SPACE GASS. Theseprograms allow an analysis and design of thecomplete frame to be done. Visit the website atwww.civil.usyd.edu.au/case/casesoft

14.3. ColdSteel/4600

ColdSteel/4600 isacomputerprogramfor thedesignofcold-- formed steelstructural membersto thelimitstates Australian/New Zealand Standard AS/NZS4600:1996. The program runs in a standaloneinteractive mode under the Windows 95/98/NToperating systems.ColdSteel/4600 isintended tobeused as a cold-- formed steel design calculator thatfacilitates the semi-- automated design ofcold-- formed steelstructuralmembersby freeingtheengineerfromthecomplexdetailofeffectivesection,


distortionalbuckling stressandotherdetaileddesigncomputations.

ColdSteel/4600 performs all the relevant memberstrength calculations for a rangeof commonlyusedcold-- formedprofileshapesincludinganglesections,channel sections, Z-- sections, hat sections,rectangular hollow sections, and circular hollowsections. The program can run in either a check ordesign mode. For a given set of design actions andother relevant parameters such as effective lengths,running ColdSteel/4600 in check mode willdetermineif themember issatisfactorily designed toAS/NZS 4600:1996 with respect to all relevantstrength limit states. The load factor andcorrespondinggoverning limitstate isalso reported.In design mode, ColdSteel/4600 determines thelightest section of aparticular cross-- sectionalshapefor which the design with respect to the given set ofactionsandother relevantparameters issatisfactory.

www.civil.usyd.edu.au/case/casesoft

14.4. STEELbeam

Formerly known as Beam for Windows,STEELbeamhasbeendeveloped to include over30new features. Now, STEELbeam offers acomprehensivebeamanalysisproduct thatis easy touse, that provides clear visual and graphicalresults,that presents high quality relevant reports, and thatcanbeusedandunderstoodbyanyonefromstudentsto experienced engineers.

Simply define the beam member from thecomprehensiveSTEELcatcataloguesuppliedwhichincludes OneSteel sections, or, alternatively defineyour own section to analyse.

Apply loads(point,moments,uniformortriangular)and supports (pinned, fixed and springed) at anypoint along the member.

STEELbeam has all the tools needed to determine--shear forces, bending moments, displacements andstresses for simple supports through to continuousbeams. Multi-- segment beams can be handled withtapered shaped sections.

For further information, contact EngineeringSoftware Solutions (www.ess.com.au)

14.5. MemDes Version 2

Developed with the support of BHP NZ Steel, thismemberdesign checkingprogramhasrecentlybeenupgraded to include several newmember typesandgrades, additional design checking features such asshear and bending interaction, sesismic capacity

checks (yielding and non--yielding) as well as arevamped user interface.

Member types from New Zealand included areSteelpipe custom and standard spiral welded pipes,Steltech custom and standard welded beams andBHP NZS “Just Black” hollow sections.

For further information, contact BHP NewZealandSteel by Email ([email protected])

14.6. Steel41

Design of steel structural members to AS4100 limitstate design criteria is fast and accurate withSTEEL41. STEEL41 includes a comprehensivereport writer detailing all of the working out anddiscussion made by stating the relevant clause inAS4100.

STEEL41 is used by many Australian Universitiesand Colleges.STEEL41 helpsoptimise yourdesignwith little effort and even handles the difficult taskswith a range of tier levels, fabrication sections,various grades and much more. STEEL41 has acomprehensive library of BHP and Tubemakerssection properties catalogues. It highlights unsafedesigns and helps you to enter correct and accuratevaluesthrough theuseof interactivehelp.Forfurtherinformation, see www.ess.com.au

14.7. STEELcat

Comprehensive online electronic catalogue of steelsections incorporating asection property calculatorfor virtually any design requirement.(www.ess.com.au).

15. COSTING SOFTWARE

15.1. STEELestimator

STEELestimator has been devel-opedinresponsetorequestsfromde-signersand fabricatorsforasoftwarepackagethat would allow theRatio-nal Costing Method (RCM) to befully embraced.Asdistinct fromtheold “rule of thumb” cost per tonnemethod, the RCM divides costsintofourmaincomponents:steelsupply;surface treatment; fabrication anderection.

For any steel member, each of the component costscanbedetermined frominbuiltor customizabledatatables.Thesetablesincludeall thecommon formsofmember end connections from simple cut and drillthrough to attached welded end plates andintermediate cleat or fin plates.


STEELestimator includes enhanced reportingfunctions with component cost breakdowns, andtools to produce and maintain user databases forsupply, fabrication, surface protection anderectioncosts.

ATrainingTutorialonCDisavailableand forfurtherinformationcontactEngineeringSoftwareSolutionsor inspect their website at www.ess.com.au.

15.2. SteelNestFabricators can now determin exactly what lengthsand sectionsneed tobepurchased tominimisewaste.STEELnest provides an inventory manager tooptimise your off cut store and allows you to set upmultiple nesting rules that govern joints, cuttingwidths, off cut/scrap control etc. For furtherinformation, see www.ess.com.au

16. STRUCTURAL MODELING

16.1. Xsteel

Xsteel provides full integration of model,drawingsand reports, producing automatic generalarrangement and detail drawings together withmaterial lists and CNC files.

Xsteel can accommodate an unlimited number ofjoints and members and is thereforevery capableofmanaging large structures without losing any of itssuperb performance.

The use of Xsteel’s comprehensive yet easy to useconnection library shortensthethroughputtimeandthusliftsyourproductivityto acompletelynewlevel.

Using Xsteel the operator creates a complete, solid3Dproductmodelof the steelstructure includingallthe relevant information required for manufactureand construction. Xsteel’s object orientedfunctionality providestheoperatorwith allthe toolsto quickly create the structure’s geometry,dimensions, member properties, connection typesand materials. The dynamic zoom and pan facilityallowstheoperator toexaminethestructurefromanyangle in close 3D detail.

Themodel of the structureis createdby theoperatorspecifying interactively the layout of the elementsandassociated connections.Theelements appearonthescreen asrealsections,whichenablestheoperatorto dictate the necessary detailing requirements tosolve any practical problems whilst generating themodel, thereby eliminating any unnecessaryamendments. All elements are intelligent objects.For example, when the size of a beam is altered,

dimensions of adjoining connections changeaccordingly.

A team of operators can work on the same model atthe same time and Xsteel’s capabilities ensure theconsistencyofthemodelevenwhenseveraluserseditthe same part of the model simultaneously.

There is no limit to the size of the structure that canbe modeled with Xsteel. The interactive true 3Dapproach of Xsteel enables the model to be easilyamended with instant on-- screendisplay ofchangesto the model and associated connections. Thiscompletely removes the problem of the traditional3D-- steelwork modeling systems which need tore--generateandupdatethescreenwheneverachangeor addition is made.

Xsteel has comprehensive full clash detectionfacilities including specifying tolerances toaccommodate site problems, i.e., set clearances toenable easy bolt fixing.

For further information from the Australiandistributor, see www.pacificcomputing.com or thewebsite of Tekla in Finland www.xsteel.com

16.2. StruCAD

StruCAD is a powerful 3--D CAD system whichallowsthecreationof3--Dmodelsof steelstructures,using either fast wireframe methods or modellingdirectly in solid forms.

Member sizes can be selected from existing orcustomer defined catalogues. Connections can beapplied from StruCAD’s extensive libraries orcreatedinitspowerfulinteractiveenvironment.Fromthe 3--D model the system can automaticallygenerate:

! fully detailed fabrication shop details! fully detailed general arrangement and

erection drawings! CNC manufacturing data! customizable material lists! bi--directional links into various third party

analysis and design packagesStruCAD is available as a complete system, or as acollection of modules including:

! StruCAD Lite -- for steel detailing of smallerstructures

! StruCAD Engineer -- for model andconnection design but without the facility toproduce shop drawings

! StruCAD Checker -- for viewing the 3--Dmodel but without any editing tools


! StruCam -- to produce machine code to driveNC machines.

! StruMac-- themacro programming languageof StruCAD

! StruCut -- bar nesting module

StruCADisproducedbyAceCadSoftwareof theUK(www.acecad.co.uk) anddistributed inAustraliabyAceCad Software (Australia) Pty Ltd.(Email: [email protected]).

16.3. Prosteel 3D

ProSteel 3D is anobject--oriented steelconstructionapplication based on AutoCAD. Its use andapplication are especially beneficial for varioussectors in the steel construction industry such asstructural engineering and steel-- framed buildingconstruction,aswellasallshape--based constructiontasks.

Typical Areas of Application are as follows:

! Steel Construction / Structural Engineering! Hangar Construction! Facility Construction! Rack Construction! Façade Construction

AsapracticalCADprogrambasedon AutoCAD, theworldwidestandardCADprogram,ProSteel3Drep-resents the ideal solution for professional and com-prehensive applications, which have to satisfy thehighest standards and requirements.ProSteel3Dwillhelpyou to turn the modelin thede-signers mind into a visually accessible CAD--basedmodel.ThisCADmodelwilldisplay andmakeavail-ablealltheinformation requiredforconstructionandfabrication.

A variety of powerful 3D Tools are available to theuser for this purpose:

! Efficient,well-- thoughtout, andwell--provenconstruction technology in 3D

! Details derived from the overviews (frontalview, top view, etc.)

! Details derived from isometric andperspective views

! Creation of shop drawings such asindividualcomponent parts and construction groups, inany desired scale or unit of measure

! Generation of complete component parts(steel, bolt, construction group lists, etc.)

! Derivation of the NC/PPS data directly fromthe 3D model

! Linking with standard statics programs withautomatic import of the geometries

For further information, contact AEC Systems inNorth Sydney, or visit the website atwww.aecsystems.com.au

16.4. CSC Software

CivilandStructuralComputingLtd havedevelopeda number of integrated packages in the structuralengineering areas covering 3D structural analysis(S--Frame), detailed steel design (S--Steel), elastic --plastic analysis of portal frame structures (Fastrak),a 3D parametric modeling package (3D+) and aunique calculation pad for engineers (Tedds).

For further information on these products, contactCSC Australia in Ballarat, or visit the parentwebsiteat www.cscworld.com

16.4.1. TEDDS

TEDDS is fast, neat, easy, accurate calculation padwhich is unique in the engineering field. If TEDDSdoesnotalreadyhavethecalculationsyouwant,youcan create them easily. TEDDS is highlyconfigurable and you can link not only all ofCSC’ssoftware portfolio but also your own softwareincluding spreadsheets and other programs.

TEDDShasbeendeveloped specificallyforcivilandstructuralwork byexperienced structuralengineersand so itavoidstheshortcomingsofgeneralsoftwareoriginally intended for financial or scientificcalculations.

16.4.2. S--Steel

S-- steel Design features:

! Automatic steel design or check fullyintegrated with P--Frame/S--Frame.

! Check or automatic redesign options for allor part of the structure.

! Member grouping for rationalised design.! Plate girder and tapered plate girder section

design.! Unparalleled quality of printed results.! Scratch pad for design refinement.! Full user control of design condition.! Full implementation for the followingdesign

codes -- US (AISC--ASD 89 andAISC--LRFD 94), CAN/CSA--S16.1--M94,UK (BS 5950) and Australian AS4100

16.4.3. 3D+

3D+isaparametric, structuralmodeling solution forstructural designers. It operates within the standardAutoCAD environment or now as a standaloneapplication. 3D+ allows the structural designer torapidly create a model from simple set out.


Place members, slabs, walls, foundations etc. assimply asdrawinglines.Createloading, supportsandmember end conditions, all within the samestructural model. Visualize the structure using thepower of AutoCAD.

Parameters may be used to define any numericdatawithin the 3D+ model, including dimensions,member and slab attributes, offsets, load values,angles, slopes,distances,etc.Parametricchangescanbe applied at any time in the construction of themodel. Following changes to any 3D+ parametricvalue or expression, all data within the 3D+ modelcan be regenerated completely automatically.

Create structural loading within the model. A widerange of loading types can be applied to joints,members or areas.

Automatic generation of multiple 2D/3D analysisand design models is possible from the structuralmodel. Totally integrated with advanced analysisusing S--Frame. Links to other third party analysisproducts are also supported.

3D+ has an inbuilt drawing management system.Following changes to the model 3D+ will identifythose drawings/views which need to be re-- issued.3D+ can then automatically update all suchdrawings/views with a single command. Exchangedrawings and models with other 3D modelingsystemsviaDXF,DWG,SDNF (SteelworkDetailingNeutral File) or CIS 2.0 (CIMsteel integrationstandard). Exchange material list data with MISsystems.

16.4.4. Fabtrol

FabTrol is a fully integratedmodular totalManage-ment Information System for StructuralSteelwork.FabTrolcanbepurchasedonamodularbasis, thesixmodules are: Estimating Contracts Management,Material Management, Production Management,Drawing Management and CNC Management.

17. PURLINS AND GIRTS

Thispublicationcannotcoverallproductsanddesignguides. For example, metal deck cladding profiles,concealed fixingschemes,otherscrewfixings,fasciaand ridge capping products.

Thisinformation,along with colour rangeschangesreasonably rapidly and the reader is referred toindividual suppliers such as Lysaght, Stramit andFielders for up to date data.

17.1. Stramit

Stramit specializes in the manufacture, marketing,distribution and sales of building productsthroughout Australia. They have an extensivetechnical catalogue covering design guides,cladding, rainwater, structural, formwork andotherproducts.Inadditionto theprinted catalogue,Stramithave an Interactive CDROM “Solutions in Steel”with the product data (in limit states format) as wellas maintaining a website at www.stramit.com.au

Forarchitecturalcasestudies, theStramit Portfolio isavailable which currently has some 28 high profileprojects.

Purlins, Girts & Bridging

Stramit have a ProductTechnical Manual incorpo-rating design capacitytables. The range of purlinsis from 100 to 350mmdeepin several thicknesses for Cand Z purlins. A boltlessbridging system can beused and special sizes to400mm deep are possible.A separate Detailing andInstallation is available.

17.2. Lysaght Zeds & Cees Purlin & GirtSystem

Lysaght Purlins and Girts

Limit state capacitytables& productinforma-tion. 61 pages. RevisedMay 1999

This work follows exten-sive testing at the Univer-sity of Sydney using thelargest vacuum test rig inthe world.

Fullscale testsresultsof completesystems havebeenused in the development of AS/NZS 4600: 1996Cold-- formed steel structures.

ThismanualincorporatesthewholerangeofLysaghtpurlins and girts in a much wider range of spanningand bridging configurations than before.

The data is intended for specifiers, engineers,buildersanderectors. Includedaredetailsofmaterialspecifications, dimensions, packing, storage, holesand bridging location; together with limit statecapacity tables.


18. CIDECT PUBLICATIONS

The International Committee for the Developmentand Study of Tubular Structures (ComitéInternationalpour leDéveloppementetl’EtudedelaConstructionTubuliareorCIDECT)wasfounded in1962 as an international association which joinstogether theresearch resourcesofmajorhollowsteelsectionmanufacturersto promotethe applicationofhollow steel sections worldwide. They haveproduced a number of Design Guides which areavailable through the AISC. All CIDECT booksarepublished by Verlag TUV Rheinland GmbH.

18.1. CIDECT 1: Design Guide forCircular Hollow Section (CHS) JointsUnder Predominantly Static Loading1991

Wardenie J., KurobaneY., DuttaD., Packer J.A.,Yeomans N.68 Pages

The first of the CIDECTDesign Guide series, thisbook deals with the de-sign and fabrication ofcircular hollow sectionjoints.AISC Code 240

Followingextensiveexperimentalinvestigationsandtheoretical analysis, Simple design formulae andfabrication rules are presented for adequatemember/jointperformanceandfabricationeconomyof structural steel circular hollow sections (CHS).

All joint strength design formulae are presented inlimit states terms. Tables, graphs and workedexamples are provided in an easy to follow format.Design examples include: (i) uniplanar truss; (ii)arch-- formed truss; (iii) vierendeel truss; (iv)multi--planar truss (triangular girder);(v) trusswithsemi-- flattenedandbracings;(vi) effectivebucklinglength of truss members; (vii) bolted connections.

Contents: 1) General; 2) Design of TubularStructures; 3) Fabrication of Tubular Structures;4)Joint Design Under Predominantly Static Loading;5) Bolted Connections; 6) Worked Out DesignExamples; 7) Symbols; 8) References

18.2. CIDECT 2: Structural Stability ofHollow Sections 1992

Rondal J., Wurker K.--G.,Dutta D., Wardenie J.,Yeomans N. 57 PagesAISC Code 250

This book deals with theglobal, localand flexural--torsional bucking behav-iorofhollowsections. Us-ing this design guide willenable users to obtain abetter idea of the stabilityadvantages they can gainby using hollow sections.

Simplifieddesignproceduresandworkedexamplesare provided for the economic use of structuralhollow sections. This includes: (i) the variousaspects of bucking based on strength limit statedesign principles; (ii) the methods to determineeffective lengthsof chordsand bracing;and (iii) theuse of worked examples to illustrate theapplicationof the design provisions.

Contents: 1) General; 2) Cross SectionClassification;3)MembersinAxialCompression;4)Members in Bending; 5) Members in CombinedCompressionandBending;6)Thin--walledSections;7)BuckingLengthofMembersinLatticeGirders;8)Examples; 9) Symbols; 10) References

18.3. CIDECT 3: Design Guide forRectangular Hollow Section (RHS)Joints Under Predominantly StaticLoading 1992

Packer J.A., WardenieJ.,Dutta D., Kurobane Y.,Yeomans N.102 PagesAISC Code 260

This publication, thethird in the CIDECT De-sign Guide series, dealswith the design and fab-rication of rectangularand square hollow steelsection joints.

Followingextensiveexperimentalinvestigationsandtheoretical analysis, simple design formulae andfabrication rules are presented for adequatemember/jointperformanceandfabricationeconomyofstructuralsteelrectangularhollowsections(RHS).


All joint strength design formulae are presented inlimit states format. Tables, graphs and workedexamplesareprovided in aneasy tofollowformatforvarious static uni--planar and multi--planar weldedand bolted connections of square and rectangularhollow sections. The connections consideredinclude: welded trusses ( K, N, T, Y, -- connections),flange plate connections, gusset plate connections,Vierendeelconnections,kneeconnections andplateto RHS connections.

Contents: 1) General; 2) Design of TubularStructures; 3) WeldedUniplanar TrussConnectionsbetween RHS Chords and RHS or CHS Bracingmembers; 4) Truss Design Examples; 5) BoltedConnections; 6)RHS toRHS MomentConnections;7) Multiplanar Welded Connections; 8) OtherUniplanar Connections; 9) List of Symbols; 10)References

18.4. CIDECT 4: Design Guide forStructural Hollow Section ColumnsExposed to Fire -- 1994

Twilt L., Hass R.,KlingschW., EdwardsM.,Dutts D. 95 PagesAISC Code 270

This fourth book dealswith theprotection ofhol-low section columns ex-posed to fire and is basedon recentandextensivere-search, methods of fireprotection unique to hol-low sections are ex-amined.

Possessing smaller exposed surface area to massratios than hot-- rolled sections, fire protection forhollow sections can be considerably moreeconomical.

One of the major advantages of hollow sectioncolumns isto makefire protectionpossible byusingmethods other than the classic addition of externalcoatings or materials. This book investigates bothtraditional methods and water and concrete filledsolutions. Not only do water-- cooled orconcrete-- filled columnsrequiremarkedly lessspacebutthey also add to theslimandaestheticappearanceof the construction. Calculation procedures for allthree fire protection methods are explained andcharts, diagrams and examples provide practicalassistance for design.

Contents: 1) Introduction; 2) Fire Resistance; 3)Designing Unfilled SHS--Columns for FireResistance; 4) Designing Concrete Filled

SHS--Columns for Fire Resistance; 5) DesigningWater Filled SHS--Columns for Fire Resistance; 6)Connections and Fire Resistance; 7) Symbols; 8)References; 9) Building Examples; ANNEXES I.Design graphs for unprotected concrete filledSHS--columns; II Shear plate and shear studdesign;III. A simple assessment of a water filled columnstructure

18.5. CIDECT 5: Design Guide forConcrete Filled Hollow SectionColumns Under Static and SeismicLoading -- 1995

Bergmann R., Matsui C.,Meinsma C., Dutta D.68 PagesAISC Code 280

This 5th book deals withthe design of hollow sec-tions filled with concrete.The book uses the limitstate design method andprovides a simplifiedmethod for the design ofcomposite columns.

The simplified design method includes provisionsfor compression, bending, shear and combinedcompression/bending load cases. Specialproblemswith mono-- symmetrical sections, preloadedcolumns, partially filled columns and the use ofspecial concrete are highlighted.

Design Examples covering a steel reinforcedconcretefilled circularhollowsection andaconcretefilled rectangular hollow section subjected toeccentric loading are included.

Contents: 1) Introduction; 2) Design methodaccording to Eurocode 4; 3) Simplified designmethod; 4) Shear and load introduction; 5) Specialproblems; 6) Design for seismic conditions; 7)References; 8) Design examples; 9) Notations

18.6. CIDECT 6: Design Guide forStructural Hollow Sections inMechanical Applications 1995

Wardinier J., Dutta D.,Yeomans N.,Packer J.A., Bucak O.244 PagesAISC Code 290

This is the sixth book inthe CIDECT Series, anddeals with the design, fab-rication and assembly ofhollow steel sections inmechanical applications.


This is a user friendly bookwith manyphotographsand diagrams to illustrate the text.

Design information is provided on both static andfatiguebehaviorofmembers,andemphasisisplacedon the design and detailing of bolted and weldedconnections to ensure adequate and economicalresults.

Thereisalargenumber ofphotographs showing thevaried use of hollow sections in mechanicalapplications. These included ski lifts, trailer andcoachbodies,gangways, liftshafts, farmmachinery,cranes and many more, thus demonstrating theversatility of hollow steel sections.

Contents: 1) Introduction 2) General applicationfields 3) Fabrication and assembly 4) Designconsiderationsformembers5)Designconsiderationsfor connections 6) Connection detailing 7) List ofSymbols 8) References.

18.7. CIDECT 7: Design Guide forFabrication, Assembly and Erectionof Hollow Section Structures 1998

D. Dutta, J. Wardenier, N.Yeomans, K. Sakae, O.Bucak, J.A. Packer171 PagesAISC Code 300

Being the seventh book inthe CIDECTConstructionwith Hollow Steel Sec-tions series, this designguide deals with the post--design perspective on theuse of such sections.

Though theseprocesses arebasically thesame asforconventional open structures, there are someparticularcharacteristicsofhollowsectionsthatneedto be considered for structural integrity and overalleconomy.

Theguidedescribesthemethodsandequipmentusedto undertake the post--design processes used onstructuralsteelhollowsections.The aimof theguideis to highlight the importance of suitable designconception and, from a designer’s aspect, note thespecialised tasks of fabricators, erectors and otherdownstream contractors in completing the finalstructure. The guide is well detailed and has manyphotographs and sketches to illustrate it’s aims.

Contents: 1) Introduction; 2) Structural hollowsection steel grades and dimensional tolerances; 3)Structural hollow section fabrication methods; 4)Structures and subassemblies of hollow sections;5)

General procedurefor thefabrication andassemblyof hollow section structures; 6) Transportation ofhollowsectionsand structures;7)Erectionofhollowsections and structures; 8) Protection againstcorrosion;9)Protection againstfire;10)Economicalaspects regarding building steel structures withhollowsections;11)Listofsymbols;12)References;Apps. A, B,C) Chemicalcomposition and formulaefor geometrical properties of structural hollowsections;App.D)Minimumbending radiiforSHS&RHS for cold bending with 3--Roller bender.

18.8. CIDECT 8: Design Guide forCircular and Rectangular HollowSection Welded Joints Under FatigueLoading -- 2001

Zhao,XL.HerionS.Pack-er J A. Puthli R S. Sedla-cek G. Wardenier J. Wey-nand K. van Wingerde AM. Yeomans N F.121 PagesAISC Code 305

The objective of thiseighth book is to give de-sign recommendationsforstructural hollow sectionsunder fatigue loading.

Hollowsections arewidely used in construction andmechanicalengineeringwherefatigueisan essentialaspectindesign and fabrication.Forweldedconnec-tions between hollow sections need to consider thenon--uniform stress distribution around the weldedintersection and thesecondarybendingstressesinthejoint.

Contents:1)Introduction --TypesofJointsandLoad-ing,FatigueLifeEstimation,Fatigue Resistance,Fa-tigueDamageAccumulation,Partial SafetyFactors;2)ClassificationMethod -- Detail Categories,Nomi-nal Stress Ranges, Fatigue Strength Curves; 3) HotSpot Stress Method -- NominalStress Ranges,StressConcentration Factor (SCF) Calculations, Hot SpotStress Ranges; 4) SCF Calculations for CHS Joints;5)SCFforRHSJoints;6)StructuralDetailing forFa-tigue and Reinforcement; 7) Design Examples forCHS; 8) Design Examples for RHS Joints; 9)Refer-ences.

Appendices: A) Fatigue Actions; B) Detailed Cate-goriesforClassificationMethod;C)TheDetermina-tionofSCFsbyTesting andFinite ElementAnalysis;D) SCF Formulae and Graphs for CHS Joints; E)SCF Formulae and Graphs for RHS Joints.


19. MATERIAL & PRODUCTCATALOGUES

19.1. Palmers Tube Mills Product Manual,CD--ROM & Website

The Palmer Tube Mills Product Manual isavailableinarobust3-- ringbinderfolderandcontainsinforma-tiononthemanufactureofcold-- formedERWhollowsections, product availability (CHS, RHS, SHS,additionalsections), specifications, sectionpropertydata, mass and bundling data, data for specific ap-plications(pressure pipe,etc.), coatings,processingof section ends, fabrication information, materialsafety data sheets and details of distributors/suppli-ers. Additional product brochures are also suppliedwith theManualwhichcanbeobtainedbycontactingPalmer Tube Mills(see below)or requestedon-- linethrough the website (www.ptm.com.au).

TheProductManualisalso suppliedin electronicfor-mat on a CD--ROM and can be ordered on-- line,downloadedfromourwebsiteorbycontactingPalm-er Tube Mills.The CD--ROMis filledwith muchde-tailed information on the entire Palmer productrange. Using a specially developed navigation sys-tem, designed to make it easy to find informationwith theclickofamouse,designers,engineers,speci-fiers, suppliers and fabricators can access the infor-mation they need within seconds.Searching for information on a specific product,oreven a manufacturing Standard, is easy whenusingthebuilt-- in ”find”functionof the electronicversionof theProductManual.When found, thepage canbeprintedonanyprinterwithoutlosingthequality.Oth-er links go directly to text and spreadsheet data.Palmer TubeMills can supply specific technical/de-sign capacity tables and other advice on the design,specification anduseofhollowsections.Youcanob-tain aProductManual,CD--ROMandotherinforma-tionbycontactingourtechnicalmarketing/salesrep-resentatives via e--mail ( [email protected]),telephone(+61--7--32462600)or fax(+61--7--32462660). Alternatively, visit the new website atwww.ptm.com.au which has much more informa-tion on Palmer Tube Mills’products and initiatives.

19.2. Bisplate Range of Grades

Published by BisalloySteel, Unanderra, NSWEmail:[email protected] pages,September 1998This publication gives thespecific mechanical andchemicalpropertiesfortherangeofhigh strength andhigh hardness steels.

The process by which Bisalloy Steels are treated toimprove toughness, structural integrity and fatigueresistanceisoutlined.Platescovered haveminimumyield stresses from 415 to 690 MPa and are:

! Bisplate 60 -- low carbon, low alloy, highstrength structural steel with excellent coldformability and low temperature toughness.

! Bisplate 70 -- low carbon, low alloy, highstrength structural steel which can be weldedwith minimum preheat and has excellent lowtemperature fracture toughness.

! Bisplate 80 -- a high strength, low alloy platewith a high yield stress with excellent notchtoughness, goodweldability and formability.

! Bisplate 80PV -- for pressure vessels.! Bisplate 320 for high impact abrasion.! Bisplate 360 and 400 though hardened,

abrasion resistant steel plates.! Bisplate 425 and 500 through hardened

plates for sliding and gouging applications.

19.3. Design Examples: Beams, Columns,Trusses

Published by BisalloySteel, Unanderra, NSWEmail:[email protected] pages, January 1998

The current AS4100 doesnot cover the design ofstructural elements utilis-ing high strengthquenched and temperedsteels.

Design examples of heavily loaded elements basedon the American Institute of Steel Construction’sSpecification for Structural Steel Buildings.


19.4. OneSteel Product Catalogue --Structural Steel

This CDcontains arange of structural steelproductsmanufactured and marketed by OneSteelManufacturing. It provides users with sectionpropertiesforhotrolledstructural,welded,merchant

bar, hollow, DuraGal R profile and rail sections.Thesepropertiesareavailablein anon-- lineformataswell as in PDF format for printing. Design capacity

tablesfor theDuaGal R sectionsareincluded aswellas technical documents providing guidance on

painting and welding DuraGal R Sections.

20. AS/NZS STANDARDS

20.1. Standards referenced in AS4100 --1998 Steel structures

AS4100--1998isaprimaryreferencedstandardoftheBuilding Code of Australia. The first edition in thelimit states design format was published in 1990. Itwasfollowed byamendments in1992, 1993(2)andwith amendment 4, the code was published as asecond edition in 1998.

Inaddition tothecode,AS4100Supplement1 --1999Steelstructures-- Commentary (for the 1998editionof AS4100) has been published.

The following referenced codes have been listed innumericalorderand includenoteson thepublicationdate and the status of any amendments.

AustralianStandardsareavailablein eitherhardcopyor downloadable PDF format (PC and Maccompatible) directly from the Standards Australiawebsite (www.standards.com.au)

1101.1 1993 Graphical symbols for generalengineering

1101.3 1987 Part 3: Welding andnon--destructive examination

1110 1995 ISO metric precision hexagonbolts and screws

1111 1996 ISOmetriccommercialhexagonbolts and screws

1112 1996 ISO metric hexagon nuts,including thin nuts, slotted nutsand castle nuts

1163 1991 Structural steel hollow sections1170 Minimum design loads on

structures (known as the SAALoading Code)

1170.1 1989 Part 1: Dead and live loads andload combinations (Amdt 11/93)

1170.2 1989 Part 2: Wind loads (Amdt 11/91, Amdt 2 1/93, Amdt 312/93)

1170.3 1990 Part 3: Snow Loads

1170.4 1993 Part 4: Earthquake loads (Amdt1 10/94 & under review 2001)

1210 1997 Pressure Vessels (Amdt 110/94)1252 1996 High strength steel bolts with

associated nuts and washers forstructural engineering

1275 1985 Metric screw threads forfasteners (Amdt 1 8/86reconfirmed 1990)

1391 1991 Methods for tensile testing ofmetals

1418 Cranes (including hoists andwinches)

1418.1 1994 Part 1: General requirements

1418.3 1997 Part 3: Bridge, gantry andportalcranes (including containercranes) (Amdt 1 9/98)

1418.5 1995 Part 5: Mobile and vehicleloading cranes (Amdt 1 6/99,Amdt 2 8/99)

1530 Methods for fire tests onbuilding materials, componentsand structures

1530.4 1997 Part 4: Fire-- resistance tests ofelements of buildingconstruction

1553 Covered electrodes for welding1553.1 1995 Part 1: low carbon steel

electrodes for manualmetal-- arcwelding of carbon steels andcarbon-- manganese steels


1554 Structural steel welding

1554.1 2000 Part 1: Welding of steelstructures

1554.2 1993 Part 2: Stud welding (steel studsto steel)

1554.5 1995 Part 5: Welding of steelstructures subject to high levelsof fatigue loading

1559 1997 Hot--dip galvanised steel boltswith associated nuts andwashers for tower construction

1594 1997 Hot-- rolled steel flat products1657 1992 Fixed platforms, walkways,

stairways and ladders – design,construction and installation

1735 Lifts, escalators and movingwalks (known as the SAA liftcode)

1735.1 1999 Part 1: General requirements

1858 Electrodes and fluxes forsubmerged--arc welding

1858.1 1986 Part 1: Carbon steels and carbon– manganese steels (Amdt 110/87)

1873 Powder – actuated (PA)hand--held fastening tools(withdrawn)

1873.1 1994 Part 1: Selection, operation andmaintenance

1873.2 1994 Part 2: Design and Construction

1873.3 1994 Part 3: Charges

1873.4 1994 Part 4: Fasteners2074 1982 Steel castings

2203.1 1990 Cored electrodes for arcwelding -- ferritic steelelectrodes (Amdt 1 3/92)

2205 Methods of destructive testingof welds in metal

2205.2 1997 Part 2.1: Transverse butt tensiletest

2214 1994 Certification of weldingsupervisors – Structural steelwelding

2327.1 1996 Composite structures -- simplysupported beams

2670 Evaluation of human exposureto whole body vibration

2670.1 1990 Part 1: General requirements2670.2 1990 Part 2: Continuous and shock

induced vibration in buildings(1 to 80 Hz)

2717 Welding – electrodes – gasmetal arc

2717.1 1996 Part 1: Ferritic steel electrodes

3600 1994 Concrete Structures3678 1996 Structural steel – Hot-- rolled

plates, floorplates and slabs

3679 Structural steel3679.1 1996 Part 1: Hot-- rolled bars and

sections (Amdt 1 6/97, Amdt 25/2000)

3679.2 1996 Part 2: Welded I sections (Amdt1 9/98)

SAA--HB77 Australian Bridge DesignCode

SAA--HB77.2 1996 Part 2: design loads

SAA--HB77.8 1996 Part 8: RailwaySupplement

PD6493 1991 Guidance on Some Methods forthe Derivation of AcceptanceLevels for Defects in FusionWelded Joints, HMSO

WTIA 1994 Technical note 5 ‘Flame Cuttingof Steels’

20.2. Other AS/NZS Standards andHandbooks

1110.1 2000 ISO hexagon bolts, screw.Product grades A & B Bolts

1110.2 2000 ISO hexagon bolts, screws.Product grades A & B Screws

1111.1 2000 ISO hexagon bolts & screws.Product Grade C Bolts

1111.2 2000 ISO hexagon bolts & screws.Product grade C Screws

1394 2001 Round steel wire for ropes

1397 2001 Steel sheet and strip -- Hot--dipzinc coated or aluminium/zinccoated

1418.18 2001 Cranes runways and monorails1627 1997 Metal finishing-- Preparation

and pretreatment of surfaces2207 1994 Non--destructive testing –

Ultrasonic testing of fusionwelds

3828 1998 Guidelines for the erection ofbuilding steelwork

4041 1998 Pressure piping1595 1998 Cold-- rolled unalloyed steel

sheet & strip2311 2000 Guide to painting of buildings


3750 1995 Paints for steel structures

3774 1996 Loads on bulk solids containers3894 1996 Site testing of protective

coatings4291.1 2000 Mechanical properties of

fasteners made of carbon steeland alloy steel--Bolts, screws,studs

4600 1996 Cold-- formed steel structures

4680 1999 Galvanized (zinc) coatings onfabricated ferrous articles

4792 1999 Galvanized (zinc) coatings onferrous hollow section

HB2.1 1998 Australian standards for civilengineering students –Materials& testing

HB2.2 1998 Australian standards for civilengineering students –Structural engineering

HB48 1999 Steel structures designhandbook

HB61 1999 Handbookofbuilding standardsextracts

21. HERA STRUCTURALPUBLICATIONS

HERA(HeavyEngineeringResearchAssociation)isthe sister organization to AISC in New Zealand.

HERAhaspublishednumerousvaluabledocumentspertaining to structuralsteeldesign. Inparticular,theNew Zealand conditions have required morestringent earthquake loading requirements. Allpublications are available from the HERAInformationCentreoravailableviatheonlineformatwww.hera.org.nz.

R4--50 Notes Prepared for a Seminar onComposite Design and ConstructionVolume 1 and Volume 2 -- September1988

R4--56 Notes Prepared for a Seminar onComposite Floor System Design andConstruction: Emphasis on In--ServiceVibration -- February 1990

R4--58 Manual of Standard Connection DetailsforStructural SteelworkSecond Edition --April 1990

R4--60 Notes Prepared for a Seminar on StressedSkinDiaphragmDesign andConstruction-- May 1990

R4--76 Seismic Design Procedures for SteelStructures -- May 1995

R4--79 Report to the Heavy EngineeringResearch Association on the Los AngelesEarthquake January 1994 -- November1994

R4--80 Structural Steelwork Limit State DesignGuides Vol. 1 -- July 1994

R4--82 Calculation of the Design Fire Resistanceof Composite Concrete Slabs withProfiled Steel Sheet Under FireEmergencyConditions --November1994

R4--83 Fire Models for Large Firecells -- March1996

R4--87 Development of Moment--Resisting SteelFrames Incorporating Semi--RigidElasticJoints: 1994/95 Research Report --September 1995

R4--88 Development of Moment--Resisting SteelFrames Incorporating Semi--RigidElasticJoints: 1995/96 Research Project --September 1996

R4--89 HERA Fire Protection Manuals Sections7 & 8 -- September 1996

R4--91 Notes Prepared for a Seminar on Designof Steel Buildings for Fire EmergencyConditions -- November 1996

R4--92 Restraint Classification for BeamMemberMomentCapacityDeterminationto NZS 3404:1997 -- July 1997

R4--94 Development of PerimeterMoment--Resisting Steel FramesIncorporating Semi--Rigid ElasticJoints:1996/97 Research Report -- May1998

R4--96 Structural Steelwork Estimating Guide --July 1998

R4--99 Specification for theFabrication,Erectionand Surface Treatment of StructuralSteelwork -- September 1998

R4--100 StructuralSteelworkConnectionsGuide--April 1999

R4--101 Notes Prepared for a Seminar on the SteelStructures Standard NZS 3404:1997 --February 1999


22. STEEL CONSTRUCTION JOURNALS

The AISC has published its quarterly technical journal “SteelConstruction” since1967. Thepapers arelistedin thefollowing table.Somecopiesof mostissues arein stock.From Volume34, Number4 (December2000),the papers are available for members on the website (www.aisc.com.au).

YEAR /VOL. ISSUE TITLE AUTHOR1967 No 1 A Future for Steel Structures A WargonVol 1 No 2 Elastic Analysis of Eccentric Connections H Harrison

No 3 Massive Welded Girders E W PhillipsNo 4 Composite Construction S G Silhan / R C Westbrook

1968 No 1 Contemporary Research and Routine Design M G LayVol 2 No 2 Welding of High Strength Steels J B Wade

No 3 Universal Columns in High Strength Steels H B HarrisonNo 4 Fire Protection of Steel Structures R J BonaldiSpecial AS CAI A Review and Explanation M G Lay

1969 No 1 Buckling of Plane Frames N S TrahairVol 3 No 2 The Computer -- A Tool for Structural Designers P Grundy

No 3 Residual Stresses in Steel Sections M G Lay / R WardNo 4 Steel Bridges -- Competitive? P Elliott

1970 No 1 City Buildings -- First Cost or Maximum Worth? F R KhanVol 4 No 2 Sway in Structures M G Lay

No 3 Jumbo Hangars AISCNo 4 Steel on the Highway Reprint

1971 No 1 Tall Steel Buildings -- New Approaches ReprintVol 5 No 2 Moment Distribution Methods M Lowrey

No 3 Steel Highway Bridges -- Today and Tomorrow ReprintNo 4 Car Parks Reprint

1972 No 1 Dynamic Analysis of Steel Frames M J LowreyVol 6 No 2 Temperature Effects on Tall Steel Framed Buildings

Part 1 Response of Steel Columns to TemperatureExposure

E R McLaughlin

Part 2 Structural Analysis H H West / A K KarPart 3 Design Considerations F R Khan / A F Nassetta

No 3 Innovation in Tall BuildingsThe Economics of Suspended Structures P B EdwardsExposed Steelwork for Multi--Storey Buildings G B GodfreyComposite Steel--Concrete Building Frame D Belford

No 4 Steel Structures Code -- The 1972 Version M G Lay1973 No 1 Beams and Columns by Computer D Batten / R ToakleyVol 7 No 2 Effective Lengths M G Lay

No 3 Steel Floors C C ResevskyNo 4 Space Frames Reprint

1974 No 1 Design of Compression Members B E GorencVol 8 No 2 Modern Bridges in Steel Reprint

No 3 Cold Formed Members V R BeckNo 4 Economic Advantages of Steel Reprint

1975Vol 9

No 1 Prediction of Residual Stresses / European ColumnCurves

J B Dwight

No 2 The 1975 Changes to AS 1250 M G LayNo 3 Stiffened Compression Panels J B DwightNo 4 Steel Footbridges AISC


YEAR /VOL. ISSUE TITLE AUTHOR1976 No 1 Highly Restrained Welded Connections ReprintVol 10 No 2 Low Rise Industrial Structures M G Lay

No 3 Grandstands ReprintNo 4 Crane Runway Girders B E Gorenc

1977 No 1 Economy in Tall Buildings ReprintVol 11 No 2 Decision Logic Tables and AS 1250 T J Hogan

No 3 Bolting of Steel Structures A Firkins / T J HoganNo 4 Limit State Steel Design Code -- A Discussion B Gorenc / T J Hogan

1978 No 1 Elevated Steel Tanks D W RammVol 12 No 2 Standardized Structural Connections A Firkins / T J Hogan /

I R ThomasNo 3 Wall Loads in Steel Bins P C Arnold / A G McLeanNo 4 Fire Engineering Design Reprint from Swedish

Institute1979 No 1 Design of Fillet Weld Groups P SwanellVol 13 Fillet Weld Design in the AISC Standardised Structural

ConnectionsT Hogan / I R Thomas

No 2 Painting Steelwork P M Woods / C P Lloyd /A Pavey / M Frost--Drury

No 3 Bearing Stress and Edge Distance T J Hogan / I R ThomasNo 4 Plastic Design of Steel Frames Reprint ECCS

1980Vol 14

No 1 CBA Centre -- Sydney I McKenzie / N Morrison/R Sim

No 2 Tee Sections T J Hogan / I R ThomasNo 3 The 1981 Changes to AS 1250 T J Hogan / I R ThomasNo 4 Single Angle Struts S T Woolcock /

S Kitipornchai1981 No 1 Thin--Walled Beams R Q Bridge / N S TrahairVol 15 No 2 Hollow Sections J Wardenier

No 3 Cold--Formed Purlins G J HancockNo 4 Steel Bridges A R Smith

1982 No 1 Portal Frame Design L J MorrisVol 16 No 2 Wide Span Structures D T Wright / R G Taylor

No 3 Tapered Masts R J VeitchNo 4 Composite Columns R P Johnson / D G Smith

1983 No 1 City Buildings A FirkinsVol 17 No 2 Standardized Structural Connections -- Five Years On A Firkins / T J Hogan

Two Recent Long--Span Steel Structures N LongNo 3 Cold--Formed Columns G J HancockNo 4 Economical Steelwork D L Oakes

1984 No 1 Composite Floors R Q BridgeVol 18 No 2 Fire Protective Products AISC

No 3 Curving Structural Steel G RiviezziNo 4 Guyed Masts ACADS working party on

Guyed Masts


YEAR /VOL. ISSUE TITLE AUTHOR1985Vol 19

No 1 Tension Bracing S T Woolcock /S Kitipornchai

No 2 Pin Connections G RiviezziNo 3 Fire Testing Simulation -- Thermal Responses I D Bennetts / D J Proe /

I R ThomasNo 4 Fire Testing Simulation

1. Mechanical Response2. Overall Behaviour

I D Bennetts / D J Proe /I R Thomas

1986 No 1 Buckling of Braced Beams P F Dux / S KitipornchaiVol 20 No 2 Structural Steel Fire Protection C I Smith

No 3 Portal Frame Deflections S T Woolcock /S Kitipornchai

No 4 Steel Construction in Canada J Mullins / P Saunderson1987Vol 21

No 1 Developments in Steel High Rise Construction inAustralia

D C Gillett / K B Watson

No 2 Limit State Design Rules for Steel Beam--Columns R Q Bridge / N S TrahairNo 3 High Strength Quenched & Tempered Steels in

StructuresJ E Croll

No 4 No issue1988 No 1 The State Bank Centre -- A Concept in Steel R McPharlinVol 22 The Structural Steel Fabricator in Sub--Contract

No 2 Ductility of Simply--Supported Composite Beams M Patrick / R Q BridgeNo 3 Serviceability Performance of Steel Joints R KohoutekNo 4 High Rise Residential Buildings Staggered Truss

SystemR K Huzzard / J W Larson

1989Vol 23

No 1 Recent Developments in Australian Standards for SteelFlat Products

S Kotwal / R Doherty

No 2 Stability of I--Beams Under Self--Weight Lifting P F Dux / S KitipornchaiNo 3 Design of Continuous Composite Slabs -- The Issue of

DuctilityM Patrick

Composite Beam Web Penetration Design Methods --Putting Theory into Practice

M Patrick

No 4 Plastic Bending Tests of Cold--Formed RectangularHollow Sections

S W Hasan / G J Hancock

1990 No 1 Safe Load Tables and the Human Dimension M G StewartVol 24 No 2 Fabrication Cost of Structural Steelwork A Firkins / R Hemphill

No 3 A New partial Shear Connection Strength Model forComposite Slabs

M Patrick

No 4 Predicting the Ultimate Structural Behaviour ofTransmission Towers

F G Al--Bermani /S Kitipornchai

1991Vol 25

No 1 Construction Safety. Analysis and Testing of a StaticLine System

P H Dayawansa / C C Goh /R Wilkie

No 2 Design of angles to AS 4100 -- 1990 P H Dayawansa / C C Goh /I D Bennetts

AS 4100 -- 1990 Hints for Designers A A SyamNo 3 Steel Headframes for Mines A J May

AS 4100 -- 1900. Hints for Designers. DesignCapacity Tables for Structural Steel -- A Quick AccessGuide

A A Syam

No 4 RHS Tubular Sections Grade C450. Plate SlendernessLimits

X--L Zhao / G J Hancock


YEAR /VOL. ISSUE TITLE AUTHOR1992 No 1 Beam Formulae A SyamVol 26 No 2 Design of Single Storey Industrial Buildings for Fire

ResistanceA J O’Meagher / I DBennetts / P H Dayawansa /I R Thomas

No 3 Design of Steel Structures for Fire Resistance inAccordance with AS 4100

I R Thomas / I D Bennetts /D J Proe

No 4 An Approximate Simple Plastic Analysis of PortalFrame Structures

S P Pikusa / M A Bradford

1993Vol 27

No 1 Design of Unbraced Beams N S Trahair / T J Hogan /A A Syam

No 2 Testing and Design of Bondek II Composite Slabs forVertical Shear

M Patrick

No 3 Design of Unbraced Cantilevers N S TrahairDeflections in Pinned--Base Haunched Gable Frame S Parsanejad

No 4 Design Capacity Tables for Structural Steel A A Syam / T Hogan1994Vol 28

No 1 Partial Shear Strength Design of Simply--SupportedComposite Beams -- Draft Revision of AS 2327, Part 1

M Patrick / P H Dayawansa/R Wilkie / K B Watson

No 2 Background to the New Loading Code – MinimumDesign Loads on Structures AS 1170 Part 4:Earthquake loads

J W Woodside

Earthquake Resistant Design of Steel Structures -- AnIntroduction for the Practising Engineer

G L Hutchinson / L Pham /J L Wilson

No 3 Structural Analysis to AS 4100 -- An Introduction.Paper 1. Introduction to Methods of Analysis in AS4100 -- 1990

R Q Bridge

Paper 2. Elastic Method of Analysis of Rigid JointedFrames Including Second Order Effects

G J Hancock

Paper 3. Second Order Elastic Analysis SolutionTechnique

G J Hancock

No 4 Wind Loads on Steel--Framed Low--Rise Buildings J D Holmes / M J Syme1995 No 1 Benchmarks for Nonlinear Elastic Frame Analysis J Petrolito / K A LeggeVol 29 No 2 Steel Lateral Load Resisting Systems for Buildings of

up to 8 LevelsN van der Kreek

No 3 A Guide to the Requirements for EngineeringDrawings of Structural Steelwork

Edited by A A Syam AISC

No 4 Australian Composite Structures Standard AS 2327,Part 1: Simply--Supported Beams

M Patrick / P H Dayawansa/ I Eadie / K B Watson /N van der Kreek

1996 No 1 Simplified Torsion Design of Compact I--Beams N S Trahair / Y L PiVol 30 No 2 Costing of Steelwork from Feasibility through to

CompletionK B Watson / S Dallas /N van der Kreek / T Main

No 3 An Update on the Corrosion Process and Protection ofStructural Steelwork

R A Francis

No 4 Design of Tubular Members and Connections usingAmendment Number 3 to AS 4100

X L Zhao / G J Hancock /R Sully

1997Vol 31

No 1 Australia’s First Seismic ResistantEccentrically--Braced Frame

P McBean

No 2 Tests on Static Line Systems P H Dayawansa / R RalphNo 3 Design of Tapered Haunched Universal Section

Members in Portal Frame RaftersTJ Hogan / AA Syam

No 4 Occupational health and safety: Best practice study oferection of steelwork at Sydney showground –Homebush Bay

John Holland Construction& Engineering Pty Ltd andWorkCover NSW


YEAR /VOL. ISSUE TITLE AUTHOR1998Vol 32

No 1 Design and documentationdeficiency and its impactonsteel construction

P A Tilley

No 2 Innovative tied portal steel structure achieves a worldfirst

A N Pollard

No 3 Inorganic zinc or galvanizing: choosing the idealcorrosion protection for structural steel

R A Francis

No 4 Full scale experiments of a steel portal frame building T J Heldt / M Mahendran

1999Vol 33

No 1 Occupational health and safety:Welding fume minimisation guidelines

A A Syam / G Saunders

No 2 The evolution of Australian Material Standards forstructural steel

The evolution of Australian Material Standards forPressure Vessel Plate

Steel stocked in Australia – A Summary for designersof heavy steelwork

G Rhyder / A Forbes /S Kotwal

S Kotwal

R Keays

No 3 Information technology in the Australian Steelconstruction industry

P Burns

No 4 Australia’s grand stadia:Stadium Australia, Colonial Stadium

D McDonald / M Sheldon RSheldon

2000Vol 34

No 1 Assessment of existing structures: A strength limit stateappraisal of hot driven rivets

G F Barker

No 2 Lateral buckling design of portal frame rafters N S TrahairNo 3 Design details for after fabrication galvanized

structuresGalvanizers Association ofAustralia

No 4 Engineering documentation standardsIncomplete documentation: Is there a problem

Design and documentation quality and itsimpact on theconstruction process

Engineers, documentation and litigation

Engineering documentation standards

Spencer Street Footbridge -- Case Study

Brief Comments on Engineering DocumentationStandards

L Wilson

P A Tilley / S L McFallan /S N Tucker

A Baigent

P Cocciardi

B McNiven

E Zyhajlo

2001Vol 35

No 1 AnEngineering insight into the fundamentalbehaviourof tensile bolted joints

Design of steel roof and wall cladding systems forpull--out failures

S Fernando

M Mahendran


23. WEBSITES23.1. Organizations

Ajax Fasteners www.ajaxfast.com.auAmerican Institute of Steel Construction www.aisc.orgAmerican Iron and Steel Institute www.steel.orgAmerican National Standards Institute www.ansi.orgAmerican Society for Testing and Materials www.astm.orgAmerican Society of Civil Engineers www.asce.orgAmerican Welding Society www.aws.orgAssociation of Consulting Engineers www.acea.aust.comAustralasian Corrosion Association www.corrprev.org.auAustralasian Wind Engineering Society www.awes.orgAustralian Building Codes Board www.abcb.gov.auAustralian Earthquake Engineering Society www.aees.org.auAustralian Institute of Steel Construction www.aisc.com.auAustralian Stainless Steel Development Association www.assda.asn.auBHP Billiton www.bhpsteel.comBisalloy www.emailmetals.com.auBlast Cleaning and Coating Association of Australia www.bcca.asn.auBritish Constructional Steelwork Association www.bcsa.org.ukBritish Standards Institute www.bsi--global.comBuilding Innovation and Construction Technology www.dbce.bl.ukBuilding Research Association of New Zealand www.branz.org.nzBuilding Science Forum of Australia www.bsfa.org.auCordell Building Information Services www.cordell.com.auCorrosion Prevention Centre www.corrprev.org.auEuropean Convention for Constructional Steelwork www.steelconstruct.comFielders Steel Roofing www.fielders.com.auFinnish Constructional Steelwork Association www.vtt.fiGalvanizers Association of Australia www.gaa.com.auHeavy Engineering Research Association www.hera.org.nzInstitute of Civil Engineers(U.K.) www.ice.org.ukInstitute of Industrial Engineers www.iienet.orgInstitution of Engineers Australia www.ieaust.org.auInstitution of Mechanical Engineers www.engc.org.ukInstitution of Structural Engineers www.istructe.org.ukIntegrated Technical Software www.spacegass.comInternational Association for Bridge and Structural Engineeringwww.iabse.ethz.chInternational Iron and Steel Institute www.worldsteel.orgInternational Standards Organization www.iso.chIron and Steel Institute of Japan www.isij.or.jpJapanese Society of Steel Construction www.jssc.or.jpLincoln Electric www.lincolnelectric.comMaster Builders Australia www.mba.org.auNational Asssociation of Steel Framed Housing www.nash.mx.com.auNational Association of Testing Authorities Australia www.nata.asn.auNational Institute of Steel Detailing (U.S.) www.nisd.orgNATSPEC www.cis.asn.auNew Zealand Standards www.standards.co.nzOHS www.ohs.com.auOneSteel www.onesteel.comPalmer Tube Mills www.ptm.com.auRawlinsons Construction Cost Guide www.rawlinsons.com.auRoads and Traffic Authority www.rta.nsw.gov.auRoyal Australian Institute of Architects www.raia.com.auSingapore Structural Steel Society home1.pacific.net.sg/~ssssSociety for Protective Coatings www.sspc.orgSouth African Iron and Steel Institute www.steel.org.za


South East Asia Iron and Steel Institute www.seaisi.orgSouthern African Institute of Steel Construction www.saisc.co.zaStandards Australia www.standards.com.auSteel Construction Institute (U.K.) www.steel-- sci.orgSteel Institute of Australia www.steelinstitute.com.auSteel Reinforcement Institute of Australia www.sria.com.auSurface Coatings Association Australia www.scaa.asn.auSwedish Institute of Steel Construction www.sbi-- seSwiss Institute of Steel Construction www.szs.chWelding Technology Institute of Australia www.wtia.com.au

23.2. Sites Referenced in this Paper

AEC Systems www.aecsystems.com.auAISC www.aisc.com.auBHP www.bhp.com.au

www.bhpsteel.com.auBisalloy www.bisalloy.com.auEngineering Software Solutions www.ess.com.auEngineering Systems www.engsys.com.auFielders www.fielders.com.auG & D Computing www.strand.aust.comGraham Group www.grahamgroup.com.au

www.weldlok.com.auHERA www.hera.org.nzIndustrial Galvanisers www.civilproducts.indgalv.com.au

www.poles.indgalv.com.auIntegrated Technical Software www.spacegass.comLIMSTEEL www.civil.usyd.edu/case/casesoftLysaght www.lysaght.comOneSteel www.onesteel.comPalmer Tube Mills www.ptm.com.auStandards Australia www.standards.com.auStramit www.stramit.com.auSTRUCAD www.acecad.co.uk

Email: [email protected] Technology Institute of Australia www.wtia.com.auX--STEEL distributor www.pacificcomputing.com

www.xsteel.com

23.3. Journals Received by AISC Library for Benefit of Members

Arup JournalASTM Standardization NewsAustralasian Welding JournalAustralian Building NewsAustralian Civil Engineering TransactionsAustralian Concrete ConstructionBuilding AustraliaBuilding EconomistCivil Engineering (U.S.)Construct in SteelCorrosion ManagementEngineering Journal (U.S.)Engineers AustraliaHot Dip GalvanizingInternational Journal of Steel StructuresJournal of Constructional Steel ResearchJournal of Structural Engineering ASCE (U.S.)Journal of Structural Engineering (Madras)

Metal Working AustraliaModern Steel Construction (U.S.)New Civil Engineer International (U.K.)New Steel Construction (U.K.)NickelSteel & Composite StructuresSteel ConstructionSteel Construction (S.A.)Steel in FocusSteel ProfileSteel StructuresSteel Today and Tomorrow (Japan)Structural Engineer (U.K.)Structural Engineering International (Brussells)TAS (Australian Standard)Welding Journal (U.S.)

an overview of design aids for structural steelwork

Documents