Bringing It Bringing It HomeHome

An Indigenous An Indigenous Research ModelResearch Model

An Overview Of The Key Concepts

An Overview Of The An Overview Of The Key ConceptsKey Concepts

DEFINING ABORIGINAL DEFINING ABORIGINAL TERMS OF REFERENCETERMS OF REFERENCE

ATR values an Aboriginal worldview. ATR values an Aboriginal worldview. As a research tool it assists As a research tool it assists

Indigenous researchers investigate, Indigenous researchers investigate, examine, explore and articulate examine, explore and articulate

findings, results, recommendations, findings, results, recommendations, and outcomes from within an and outcomes from within an Indigenous cultural contextIndigenous cultural context..

Kickett (1992 cited in NHMRC, 1997) proposed ATR as a, Kickett (1992 cited in NHMRC, 1997) proposed ATR as a, ““necessary paradigm necessary paradigm fofo……

“…“…. One of the key factors which needs . One of the key factors which needs to be properly considered when to be properly considered when

operating in a crossoperating in a cross--cultural setting is cultural setting is valuesvalues…….will not deal effectively with .will not deal effectively with

Aboriginal realities if they do not Aboriginal realities if they do not incorporate processes which enable incorporate processes which enable Aboriginal participantsAboriginal participants……to come to to come to

terms with their own value systemterms with their own value system…….an .an opportunity to systematically explore opportunity to systematically explore

optionsoptions……..”” (NRMC (NRMC 19971997, p.19), p.19)

““ATR encompassesATR encompassesCultural knowledge, understanding and experiencesCultural knowledge, understanding and experiencesWays of thinking, working, reflecting Ways of thinking, working, reflecting Incorporates specific and explicit cultural values, Incorporates specific and explicit cultural values, beliefs and prioritiesbeliefs and prioritiesAboriginal standards derived, validated and Aboriginal standards derived, validated and practicedpracticedStandards vary Standards vary –– diverse range of cultural values, diverse range of cultural values, beliefs, priorities within local settingsbeliefs, priorities within local settingsSpecific context Specific context –– to place terms and conditions on to place terms and conditions on that which is important to their own livesthat which is important to their own lives

(NRMC 1997, p. 20)(NRMC 1997, p. 20)

THE THEORY OF A CULTURAL PHILOSOPHICAL ETHOS

THE THEORY OF A CULTURAL PHILOSOPHICAL ETHOS

The notion of a Cultural Philosophical Ethos YavuThe notion of a Cultural Philosophical Ethos Yavu--KamaKama--Harathunian (1998) suggests that,Harathunian (1998) suggests that,

““CPE is that essential spiritual sense of knowing, that CPE is that essential spiritual sense of knowing, that underpins all that evolves from an individualunderpins all that evolves from an individual’’s layers s layers

of understanding, histories, life experiences, of understanding, histories, life experiences, knowledge, learning processes, beliefs, values, knowledge, learning processes, beliefs, values,

attitudes, motivations, awareness and sense of self attitudes, motivations, awareness and sense of self as a human being who belongs to a particular as a human being who belongs to a particular

cultural group. It is the storehouse that houses an cultural group. It is the storehouse that houses an individualindividual’’s human experiences, everything that s human experiences, everything that

gives him/her recognition for their sense of belonging gives him/her recognition for their sense of belonging and being part of a cultural group. It connects the and being part of a cultural group. It connects the

individualindividual’’s internal and external human experiences s internal and external human experiences to their spiritual and cultural identity.to their spiritual and cultural identity.””

CPE is that unique intimate, personal and CPE is that unique intimate, personal and individual sense of being that expresses an individual sense of being that expresses an

internal acceptance of certain ways of being and internal acceptance of certain ways of being and doing that includes language expression, doing that includes language expression,

behavioral and cognitive expression, emotional behavioral and cognitive expression, emotional and spiritual expression. From this the and spiritual expression. From this the

individual constructs their worldview, reference individual constructs their worldview, reference terms, and opinions, about themselves as terms, and opinions, about themselves as different and or similar to others, and also different and or similar to others, and also

humanly part of a unique particular group. It is humanly part of a unique particular group. It is an internal core element of an individualan internal core element of an individual’’s sense s sense

of personal and spiritual identity of personal and spiritual identity (Yavu(Yavu--KamaKama--Harathunian, 1998).Harathunian, 1998).

CONCEPTUALISING CPE WITHIN ATRCONCEPTUALISING CPE WITHIN ATR

BEST SUITED TO SPIRITUAL, EMOTIONAL, BEST SUITED TO SPIRITUAL, EMOTIONAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL NEEDS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL NEEDS OF

ABORIGINAL PEOPLE.ABORIGINAL PEOPLE.

Gibson and YavuGibson and Yavu--KamaKama--Harathunian (2003) Harathunian (2003) working together were able to develop and working together were able to develop and

conceptualise a model that clearly articulated the conceptualise a model that clearly articulated the notion that Yavunotion that Yavu--KamaKama--Harathunian (1998) had Harathunian (1998) had

hypothesised and from this they created a hypothesised and from this they created a diagram that demonstrated the notion of Cultural diagram that demonstrated the notion of Cultural

Philosophical Ethos as a Philosophical Ethos as a ‘‘theorytheory

““In order to understand Aboriginal Cultural In order to understand Aboriginal Cultural Philosophical Ethos, one must unravel how Philosophical Ethos, one must unravel how Aboriginality was constructed.Aboriginality was constructed.””

““AboriginalAboriginal”” constructed by colonial Australia to constructed by colonial Australia to define the First Nations Peoples for their define the First Nations Peoples for their understandingunderstanding

Original peoples were tribal, clan oriented, Original peoples were tribal, clan oriented, group/family relatinggroup/family relating

““Aboriginal Aboriginal ““conveyed to colonists an image of conveyed to colonists an image of the peoples whom they had conquered the term the peoples whom they had conquered the term continues to continues to colonisecolonise through research through research

An Overview Of An Overview Of The Key ConceptsThe Key Concepts

NONNON--ABORIGINAL METHODOLOGICAL ABORIGINAL METHODOLOGICAL DOMAINS THAT RESONATE WITH DOMAINS THAT RESONATE WITH

ABORIGINAL TERMS OF REFERENCE ABORIGINAL TERMS OF REFERENCE AND CULTURAL PHILOSOPHICAL ETHOSAND CULTURAL PHILOSOPHICAL ETHOS

NON INDIGENOUS DOMAINS (NID)NON INDIGENOUS DOMAINS (NID)

Action ResearchAction Research

PhenomenographyPhenomenography

Ethnography Ethnography

THE CENTRALITY OF

CPE THEORY

THE THE CENTRALITY OF CENTRALITY OF

CPE THEORYCPE THEORY

Public art J. Chapman

CPE THEORY CPE THEORY

ATRATRATR

Aboriginal SpiritualityAboriginal Spirituality

SPACE

SPACE

TIME

TIME

Aboriginal Lore, Aboriginal Law

1. Cultural ElementsAboriginal heritage, Aboriginal history 1. Action Research

Phenomenography

Aboriginal CPEProtocols, practices, rituals, ceremonies

2. Cultural ElementsValues and beliefs, aspirations 1. Action Research

Phenomenography

Aboriginal Terms of Reference

3. Understandings knowledges and practices

Thinking, working and reflecting

3. Action ResearchPhenomenography

Ethnography

Language of Healing Paradigm Body and verbal language, yarning,

other wisdoms, communication protocols

4. AspirationsFamily structure, goals, priorities

and future directions

4. Action ResearchPhenomenography

Self Awareness andCollective Awareness

Identity, cultural integrity, dreaming past present and future

5. Cultural ElementsKinship, obligation, behavioural

expectations, heritage

5. Action ResearchPhenomenography

Sense of Being Spiritual identity, land connection, life experiences, belongingness,

knowingness

6. Cultural ElementsKinship, obligation, behavioural

expectations, heritage

6. PhenomenographyEthnography

Holistic Wellness Centeredness, respect and

confirmation of culture

7. ExperiencesInteraction, socialisation, historical

factors, current situation and feelings

7. Ethnography

NIDNID

CPE

Aboriginal SpiritualityAboriginal Spirituality

CULTURAL PHILOSOPHICAL ETHOS

THEORY

CULTURAL CULTURAL PHILOSOPHICAL ETHOS PHILOSOPHICAL ETHOS

THEORYTHEORYABORIGINAL ABORIGINAL

TERMS OF TERMS OF REFERENCEREFERENCE

NONNON--ABORIGINAL ABORIGINAL METHODOLOGICAL METHODOLOGICAL

DOMAIN DOMAIN

1.Cultural ElementsAboriginal heritageAboriginal history

3.Understandings knowledges and practices

Thinking, working and reflecting

2.Cultural ElementsValues and beliefs, aspirations

4.AspirationsFamily structure, goals,

priorities and future directions

5.Cultural ElementsKinship, obligation,

behavioural expectations, heritage

6.Cultural ElementsKinship, obligation,

behavioural expectations, heritage

7.ExperiencesInteraction, socialisation, historical factors, current

situation and feelings

1.Action ResearchPhenomenography

2.Action ResearchPhenomenography

3.Action ResearchPhenomenography

Ethnography

5.Action ResearchPhenomenography

5.Action ResearchPhenomenography

6.Phenomenography Ethnography

7.Ethnography

Aboriginal Lore, Aboriginal Law

Aboriginal CPE Protocols, practices, rituals, ceremonies

Aboriginal Terms of Reference

Language of Healing Paradigm Body and verbal language, yarning, other wisdoms, communication protocols

Self Awareness and Collective Awareness Identity, cultural

integrity, dreaming past present and future

Sense of Being

Spiritual identity, land connection, life experiences, belongingness,

knowingness

Holistic WellnessCenteredness, respect

and confirmation of culture

CPE THEORYCPE THEORY

ATRATRATR

ABORIGNAL SPIRITUALITY ABORIGNAL SPIRITUALITY

SPACE

SPACE

TIME

TIME

ABORIGINAL SPIRITUALITY ABORIGINAL SPIRITUALITY

NIDNID

CPE

Bringing It Home

An Indigenous Research Model

Bringing It HomeBringing It Home

An Indigenous An Indigenous Research ModelResearch Model

WE THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONWE THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

WE WELCOME COMMENT AND WE WELCOME COMMENT AND DISCUSSIONDISCUSSION

GO WELL, STAY WELL, BE WELLGO WELL, STAY WELL, BE WELL

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

The Authors acknowledge The Authors acknowledge Background Art:Background Art:

•• Landscape Photography accessed at Landscape Photography accessed at www.AllPosters.comwww.AllPosters.com (Slides (Slides 3,4,5,6,8,9,10,11,12)3,4,5,6,8,9,10,11,12)

•• Space Images .com, Hubble 2007 Photos Space Images .com, Hubble 2007 Photos accessed on July 2007 (Slides 1,7,19,21) accessed on July 2007 (Slides 1,7,19,21)

•• Local Aboriginal Artist, James Chapman Local Aboriginal Artist, James Chapman 2007, Bundaberg Qld (Slides 11,15)2007, Bundaberg Qld (Slides 11,15)

•• The Sky Photos.com archive of sky and The Sky Photos.com archive of sky and cloud photography (Slides 2,13,14)cloud photography (Slides 2,13,14)