A&P II Exam 1 2016 Name ___________________________________________________

1) A visceral motor neuron whose cell body is within the CNS is called a(n)________ neuron. A) upper motor B) lower motor C) preganglionic D) postganglionic E) somatomotor Answer: CLearning Outcome: 16-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

2) Preganglionic fibers leave the CNS and then synapse on A) postganglionic fibers. B) visceral reflex responses. C) motor neurons. D) ganglionic neurons. E) afferent neurons. Answer: DLearning Outcome: 16-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

3) Injury to the neurons of a collateral ganglion would affect the function of the A) heart. B) pupils. C) sweat glands. D) digestive tract. E) arrector pili muscles. Answer: DLearning Outcome: 16-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

4) Sympathetic nerves A) provoke feelings of sympathy. B) allow us to relax, rest, and recover. C) contains short preganglionic fibers and longer postganglionic fibers. D) control swallowing. E) stimulate gastric secretion. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 16-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

Figure 16-1 ANS Pathway

Use Figure 16-1 to answer the following questions:

5) Identify the structure labeled "1." A) somatic motor neuron B) preganglionic neuron C) sensory neuron D) ganglionic neuron E) astrocyte Answer: BLearning Outcome: 16-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

6) Identify the round structure labeled "3."A) dorsal root ganglion B) spinal nerve C) chain ganglion D) intramural ganglion E) rami communicantes Answer: CLearning Outcome: 16-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

7) Identify the structure labeled "5." A) gray ramus B) dorsal ramus

C) spinal nerve D) white ramus E) ventral root Answer: ALearning Outcome: 16-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

8) Drugs known as beta-blockers may be useful for treating A) constipation. B) diarrhea. C) excessive salivation. D) excessive heart rate. E) prostate disorders. Answer: DLearning Outcome: 16-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Application

9) Which of the following statements about adrenergic receptors is true?A) They are G proteins.B) When activated, cAMP levels are affected.C) Epinephrine activates both alpha and beta types.D) Norepinephrine activates both alpha and beta types.E) All of the answers are correct.Answer: ELearning Outcome: 16-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

10) Which of the following statements concerning the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is false? A) Preganglionic neurons are located in the brain stem and sacral region of the spinal cord. B) Ganglionic neurons are located in ganglia within or near to effectors. C) Preganglionic fibers are relatively short and postganglionic fibers are relatively long. D) The actions of the parasympathetic division are more localized than those of the sympathetic division. E) The ganglionic neurons always release acetylcholine. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 16-4Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

11) Parasympathetic blocking agents can be useful in treating A) heart failure. B) high blood pressure. C) urinary incontinence. D) hyperactivity. E) All of the answers are correct.

Answer: CLearning Outcome: 16-5Bloom's Taxonomy: Application

12) A decrease in the autonomic tone of the smooth muscle in a blood vessel would result in A) no change in vessel diameter. B) a decrease in vessel diameter. C) oscillation in vessel diameter. D) a decrease in blood flow through the vessel. E) an increase in blood flow through the vessel.Answer: ELearning Outcome: 16-6Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

13) After arousal by a sensory stimulus, consciousness can be maintained by positive feedback, because of activity in the A) cerebral cortex.B) basal nuclei.C) sensory pathways.D) motor pathways.E) All of the answers are correct.Answer: ELearning Outcome: 16-8Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

14) What mental illness is often improved by drugs that block serotonin re-uptake? A) agitation B) hallucinationsC) depressionD) Parkinson's E) Huntington's Answer: CLearning Outcome: 16-9Bloom's Taxonomy: Application

15) An age-related decline in mental function characterized by difficulties with spatial orientation, memory, language, and personality is called A) delirium agitans. B) senile dementia. C) persistent vegetative state. D) somnolence of the aged. E) progressive cerebral dysfunction. Answer: BLearning Outcome: 16-10Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

16) A hormone might

A) alter a membrane channel by changing its shape, thereby affecting what can go through it.B) depolarize a skeletal muscle cell.C) interfere with norepinephrine at a neuronal synapse.D) inactivate glucose so it cannot be used by a cell.E) block the production of a cell membrane.Answer: ALearning Outcome: 18-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

17) Why is it that steroid hormones use receptors inside of target cells, whereas protein, peptide, and amino acid hormones do not?A) Steroids can cross the cell membrane because they are lipids and the membrane is lipid.B) Amino acids and peptide hormones do not have a 3 dimensional structure that can bind to internal receptors.C) Cells are full of steroid molecules so it is easy for steroid molecules to enter.D) The target cells affected by steroid hormones have all of their receptors in the cell cytoplasm.E) All of the answers are correct.Answer: ALearning Outcome: 18-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

18) Hormonal actions on cells include those that affect A) quantities of enzymes. B) activities of enzymes. C) synthesis of enzymes. D) gating of ion channels. E) All of the answers are correct.Answer: ELearning Outcome: 18-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

19) The hypothalamus controls secretion in the adenohypophysis by A) direct neural stimulation. B) indirect osmotic control. C) secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system. D) altering ion concentrations and pH in the anterior pituitary. E) gap synaptic junctions. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 18-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

20) Which of the following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after closure of the epiphyseal plates?A) cortisolB) parathyroid hormone

C) insulinD) growth hormoneE) epinephrine Answer: DLearning Outcome: 18-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Application

Figure 18-1 Pituitary Hormones and Their Targets

Use Figure 18-1 to answer the following questions:

21) Identify the hormone labeled "4." A) thyroid-releasing hormone B) thyroid-stimulating hormone C) thyroxin D) thyrotropin E) calcitonin Answer: B

Learning Outcome: 18-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

22) Identify the hormone labeled "1." A) mineralocorticoid B) cortisol C) dopamine D) ACTHE) aldosterone Answer: DLearning Outcome: 18-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

23) A deficiency of which hormone can lead to diabetes insipidus? A) 3 B) 7 C) 2 D) 8 E) 14 Answer: ELearning Outcome: 18-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

24) Identify the hormone labeled "5." A) thyroid-releasing hormone B) thyroid-stimulating hormone C) thyroxine D) thyrotropin E) parathyroid hormone (PTH) Answer: CLearning Outcome: 18-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

25) Identify the hormone labeled "13." A) LH B) progesterone C) estrogen D) oxytocin E) testosterone Answer: DLearning Outcome: 18-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

26) TSH plays a key role in the ________ of thyroid hormones. A) inhibition B) synthesis C) release

D) inhibition and secretion E) synthesis and release Answer: ELearning Outcome: 18-4Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

27) The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that A) stimulates the formation of white blood cells. B) increases the level of calcium ions in the blood. C) increases the level of sodium ions in the blood. D) increases the level of potassium ions in the blood. E) increases the level of glucose in the blood. Answer: BLearning Outcome: 18-5Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

28) The zona reticularis of the suprarenal cortex produces A) androgens. B) glucocorticoids. C) mineralocorticoids. D) epinephrine. E) norepinephrine. Answer: ALearning Outcome: 18-6Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

29) Which recommendation might be given by a doctor when counseling a patient who is suffering from excessive melatonin production?A) Spend time outside during the day when possible, eating lunch, taking a walk, etc.B) Wear a special light made for seasonal affective disorder patients on the head.C) Take antidepressants.D) Do not take melatonin supplements from the pharmacy as a sleep aid.E) All of these recommendations might be made.Answer: ELearning Outcome: 18-7Bloom's Taxonomy: Application

30) Which of the following might occur in an overdose of insulin? A) glycosuriaB) ketoacidosis C) high blood glucose D) low blood glucose E) polyuria Answer: DLearning Outcome: 18-8Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

31) Shelly has a hormone-secreting tumor of the suprarenal gland. The tumor is causing her to have a deep voice, grow extensive body hair, and stop menstruating. This tumor probably involves cells of the A) zona glomerulosa. B) zona fasciculata. C) zona reticularis. D) suprarenal medulla. E) pars intermedia. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 18-8Bloom's Taxonomy: Application

32) The heart secretes the hormoneA) progesterone.B) oxytocin.C) thymosin. D) thyroxine. E) atrial natriuretic peptide.Answer: ELearning Outcome: 18-9Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

33) Increased aggressive and assertive behavior is associated with an increase in which of the following hormones? A) somatostatin B) thyroxineC) growth hormoneD) sex hormones E) insulin Answer: DLearning Outcome: 18-10Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

34) You have just become the nurse manager of a nursing home and you are reminding yourself about what problems your nursing home population might have by studying your old pathophysiology books from nursing school. Many of the residents are tired and have problems with blood glucose levels. Which hormones might be related?A) insulinB) cortisolC) GHD) thyroid hormonesE) All of the answers are correct.Answer: ELearning Outcome: 18-10Bloom's Taxonomy: Application

35) During the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), there is

A) decreased blood flow to skeletal muscles and skin. B) decreased mental alertness. C) mobilization of energy reserves. D) increased urine release. E) decreased rate of respiration. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 18-10Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

36) The parasympathetic division is also called the ________ division. A) thoracolumbarB) craniosacral C) thoracocranialD) craniolumbarE) craniococcygealAnswer: BLearning Outcome: 16-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

37) Unpaired sympathetic ganglia are called ________ ganglia. A) contralateralB) collateralC) parasympatheticD) ipsilateralE) dorsal Answer: BLearning Outcome: 16-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

38) Neurons that release norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter are called A) cholinergic.B) anergic.C) adrenergic.D) synergic.E) noradrenergic.Answer: CLearning Outcome: 16-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

39) Most vital organs receive ________ innervation. That is, they receive input from both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. A) singleB) dualC) biaxialD) ambitonicE) autonomic

Answer: BLearning Outcome: 16-6Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

40) Visceral reflex arcs can bypass CNS neurons in ________ reflexes.A) shortB) intermediateC) longD) hyperE) spinalAnswer: ALearning Outcome: 16-7Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

41) Consider the following results from a blood lab test. Which value is most likely abnormal?A) RBCs—5.2 million/µlB) platelets—280,000/µlC) leukocytes—8600/µlD) hemoglobin—10.7 g/100 mlE) hematocrit—44 percentAnswer: DLearning Outcome: 19-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Application

42) Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood, except a A) temperature of approximately 38 degrees Celsius. B) viscosity about the same as water. C) pH of 7.4. D) built-in system for clotting. E) red color from hemoglobin. Answer: BLearning Outcome: 19-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

43) You are caring for an adult patient who weighs 48 kg. What would her approximate blood volume be? A) 6.6 L B) 6.0 L C) 5.6 L D) 4.8 L E) 3.8 L Answer: ELearning Outcome: 19-1Bloom's Taxonomy: Application

44) The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are A) globulins.

B) transport proteins. C) albumins. D) lipoproteins. E) fibrinogens. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 19-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

45) Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the A) albumins. B) fibrinogens. C) immunoglobulins. D) metalloproteins. E) lipoproteins. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 19-2Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

46) Which of these proteins functions to store or transport iron? A) hemoglobinB) ferritin C) hemosiderin D) transferrinE) ferritin, hemosiderin, and transferrinAnswer: ELearning Outcome: 19-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

47) The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if A) the diet is deficient in iron. B) there is insufficient heme in the hemoglobin. C) a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal. D) red blood cells bind too much oxygen. E) hemolysis is prevented by a mutated gene. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 19-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

48) An obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would ultimately result inA) pernicious anemia. B) renal anemia. C) increased erythropoiesis. D) decreased erythropoiesis. E) increased sensitivity to vitamin K. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 19-3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Application

49) The level of erythropoietin in the blood would rise due to all of the following except A) anemia. B) high altitude. C) as a consequence of hemorrhage. D) periods of fasting. E) when blood flow to the kidneys is disrupted. Answer: DLearning Outcome: 19-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Application

50) Each hemoglobin molecule containsA) four alpha chains. B) one alpha and one beta chain.C) four iron atoms. D) one heme group. E) a molecule of oxygen and a molecule of carbon dioxide. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 19-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

51) Type AB blood has which of the following characteristics?A) RBCs have the Rh positive antigens and the anti-D plasma antibodies. B) RBCs have no surface antigens and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma. C) RBCs have both the A & B surface antigens and no ABO plasma antibodies. D) RBCs have the A and the B surface antigens and the plasma has anti-A and anti-B antibodies. E) RBCs have the A antigen and the plasma has the anti-B antibody. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 19-4Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

52) Which of the following descriptions best matches the term colony stimulating factor?A) adheres to collagen beneath endotheliumB) helper cells are one typeC) hormone that regulates white blood cell formationD) kills bacteria using hydrogen peroxideE) often elevated in allergic individualsAnswer: CLearning Outcome: 19-5Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

53) The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by the A) sticking of platelets to damaged tissue. B) activation of Factor VII exposed to collagen. C) release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium.

D) release of heparin from the liver. E) conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. Answer: CLearning Outcome: 19-7Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

54) The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the A) sticking of platelets to each other. B) activation of Factor XII by platelet factors. C) release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium. D) release of heparin from the liver. E) conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. Answer: BLearning Outcome: 19-7Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

55) A substance that activates plasminogen might be useful to A) cause clots to form faster. B) cause clot dissolution to proceed faster. C) initiate clot formation.D) mimic heparin.E) recruit neutrophils to an infection. Answer: BLearning Outcome: 19-7Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

Figure 19-1 The Origins and Differentiation of Formed Elements

Use Figure 19-1 to answer the following questions:

56) Identify the cell labeled "5." A) erythrocyte B) lymphocyte C) eosinophil

D) basophil E) monocyte Answer: ELearning Outcome: 19-5Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

57) Identify the cell labeled "6." A) erythrocyte B) lymphocyte C) eosinophil D) basophil E) monocyte Answer: BLearning Outcome: 19-5Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

58) Identify the cell labeled "4." A) neutrophil B) lymphocyte C) platelet D) basophil E) monocyte Answer: DLearning Outcome: 19-5Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

59) Identify the cell labeled "3." A) eosinophil B) lymphocyte C) erythrocyte D) basophil E) monocyte Answer: ALearning Outcome: 19-5Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

60) Identify the cell labeled "2." A) lymphocyte B) eosinophil C) basophil D) neutrophil E) monocyte Answer: DLearning Outcome: 19-5Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

Xtra Credit (1 point each)

1) The inherited brain disorder Huntington's disease is caused by the destruction of basal nuclei that use different neurotransmitters. One neurotransmitter is ________ and the other is ________.A) acetylcholine; serotoninB) serotonin; norepinephrineC) norepinephrine; serotoninD) acetylcholine; GABAE) glutamate; serotoninAnswer: DLearning Outcome: 16-9Bloom's Taxonomy: Application

2) Which of the following blood count values would be a sign of anemia? A) 10,000 WBC B) 3.5 million RBC C) 400,000 platelets D) 5.5 million RBC E) A and D taken togetherAnswer: BLearning Outcome: 19-3Bloom's Taxonomy: Application

3) People who suffer from hemophilia A fail to produce a functional Factor VIII; as a result, A) they lack a functional intrinsic pathway. B) they lack a functional extrinsic pathway. C) they lack a functional common pathway. D) their coagulation times are much longer than normal. E) their coagulation times are too quick.Answer: ALearning Outcome: 19-7Bloom's Taxonomy: Application

4) Which of the following are common sources of vitamin K? A) green vegetables B) organ meats C) whole grains D) intestinal bacteria E) All of answers are correct.Answer: ELearning Outcome: 19-7Bloom's Taxonomy: Application

5) Why might someone want to take erythropoietin in a non-medical situation?

A) to increase muscle massB) to sleepC) to increase oxygen-carrying capacity and increase staminaD) to increase the chance of getting pregnantE) to increase sex driveAnswer: CLearning Outcome: 18-9Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension