an3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_rc ca curs 13 1 satellite networks
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052419/577cdd401a28ab9e78ac9ad7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
7/30/2019 An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/an3derivatroretele-localerc-ca-curs-13-1-satellite-networks 1/32
Cellular Telephone
And Satellite Networks
![Page 2: An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052419/577cdd401a28ab9e78ac9ad7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
7/30/2019 An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/an3derivatroretele-localerc-ca-curs-13-1-satellite-networks 2/32
17.1 Cellular Telephony17.1 Cellular Telephony
Frequency Reuse Principle
Transmitting
Receiving
Handoff
Roaming
First Generation
Second Generation
Third Generation
![Page 3: An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052419/577cdd401a28ab9e78ac9ad7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
7/30/2019 An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/an3derivatroretele-localerc-ca-curs-13-1-satellite-networks 3/32
Figure 17.1 Cellular system
![Page 4: An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052419/577cdd401a28ab9e78ac9ad7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
7/30/2019 An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/an3derivatroretele-localerc-ca-curs-13-1-satellite-networks 4/32
Figure 17.2 Frequency reuse patterns
![Page 5: An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052419/577cdd401a28ab9e78ac9ad7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
7/30/2019 An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/an3derivatroretele-localerc-ca-curs-13-1-satellite-networks 5/32
Figure 17.3 Cellular bands for AMPS
AMPS is an analog cellular phone
system using FDMA.
![Page 6: An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052419/577cdd401a28ab9e78ac9ad7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
7/30/2019 An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/an3derivatroretele-localerc-ca-curs-13-1-satellite-networks 6/32
Figure 17.4 AMPS reverse communication band
![Page 7: An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052419/577cdd401a28ab9e78ac9ad7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7/30/2019 An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/an3derivatroretele-localerc-ca-curs-13-1-satellite-networks 7/32
Figure 17.5 Second-generation cellular phone systems
![Page 8: An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052419/577cdd401a28ab9e78ac9ad7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
7/30/2019 An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/an3derivatroretele-localerc-ca-curs-13-1-satellite-networks 8/32
Figure 17.6 D-AMPS
D-AMPS, or IS-136, is a digital
cellular phone system using TDMA and FDMA.
![Page 9: An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052419/577cdd401a28ab9e78ac9ad7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
7/30/2019 An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/an3derivatroretele-localerc-ca-curs-13-1-satellite-networks 9/32
Figure 17.7 GSM bands
![Page 10: An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052419/577cdd401a28ab9e78ac9ad7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
7/30/2019 An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/an3derivatroretele-localerc-ca-curs-13-1-satellite-networks 10/32
Figure 17.8 GSM
GSM is a digital cellular phone system
using TDMA and FDMA.
![Page 11: An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052419/577cdd401a28ab9e78ac9ad7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
7/30/2019 An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/an3derivatroretele-localerc-ca-curs-13-1-satellite-networks 11/32
Figure 17.9 Multiframe components
![Page 12: An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052419/577cdd401a28ab9e78ac9ad7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
7/30/2019 An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/an3derivatroretele-localerc-ca-curs-13-1-satellite-networks 12/32
Figure 17.10 IS-95 forward transmission
IS-95 is a digital cellular phone
system using CDMA/DSSS and FDMA.
![Page 13: An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052419/577cdd401a28ab9e78ac9ad7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
7/30/2019 An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/an3derivatroretele-localerc-ca-curs-13-1-satellite-networks 13/32
Figure 17.11 IS-95 reverse transmission
![Page 14: An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052419/577cdd401a28ab9e78ac9ad7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
7/30/2019 An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/an3derivatroretele-localerc-ca-curs-13-1-satellite-networks 14/32
The main goal of third-generation
cellular telephony is to provide
universal personal communication.
![Page 15: An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052419/577cdd401a28ab9e78ac9ad7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
7/30/2019 An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/an3derivatroretele-localerc-ca-curs-13-1-satellite-networks 15/32
IMT-2000 radio interfaces
![Page 16: An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052419/577cdd401a28ab9e78ac9ad7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
7/30/2019 An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/an3derivatroretele-localerc-ca-curs-13-1-satellite-networks 16/32
Satelli te NetworksSatellite Networks
Orbits
Three Categories of Satellites
GEO Satellites
MEO Satellites
LEO Satell ites
![Page 17: An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052419/577cdd401a28ab9e78ac9ad7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
7/30/2019 An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/an3derivatroretele-localerc-ca-curs-13-1-satellite-networks 17/32
Satellite orbits
![Page 18: An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052419/577cdd401a28ab9e78ac9ad7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
7/30/2019 An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/an3derivatroretele-localerc-ca-curs-13-1-satellite-networks 18/32
Example 1 Example 1
What is the period of the moon according to Kepler’s
law?
SolutionSolution
The moon is located approximately 384,000 km above the earth. The radius of the earth is 6378 km. Applying
the formula, we get
Period = (1/100) (384,000 + 6378)1.5 = 2,439,090 s
= 1 month
![Page 19: An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052419/577cdd401a28ab9e78ac9ad7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
7/30/2019 An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/an3derivatroretele-localerc-ca-curs-13-1-satellite-networks 19/32
Example 2 Example 2
According to Kepler’s law, what is the period of a
satellite that is located at an orbit approximately 35,786
km above the earth?
SolutionSolution
Applying the formula, we get
Period = (1/100) (35,786 + 6378)1.5 = 86,579 s = 24 h
A satellite like this is said to be stationary to the earth.The orbit, as we will see, is called a geosynchronous
orbit.
![Page 20: An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052419/577cdd401a28ab9e78ac9ad7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
7/30/2019 An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/an3derivatroretele-localerc-ca-curs-13-1-satellite-networks 20/32
Figure 17.14 Satellite categories
![Page 21: An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052419/577cdd401a28ab9e78ac9ad7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
7/30/2019 An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/an3derivatroretele-localerc-ca-curs-13-1-satellite-networks 21/32
Figure 17.15 Satellite orbit altitudes
![Page 22: An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052419/577cdd401a28ab9e78ac9ad7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
7/30/2019 An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/an3derivatroretele-localerc-ca-curs-13-1-satellite-networks 22/32
The Earth’s Radiation Belts Also known as “Van Allen
Belts”, is a torus of energetic charged particles(i.e. a plasma) aroundEarth, trapped by Earth'smagnetic field.When the belts "overload",particles strike the upper
atmosphere and fluoresce,causing the polar aurora.The inner belt consistsmostly of protons while theouter belt consists mostly of electrons.It is generally understoodthat the Van Allen belts area result of the collisionof Earth's magnetic fieldwith the solar wind.
![Page 23: An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052419/577cdd401a28ab9e78ac9ad7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
7/30/2019 An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/an3derivatroretele-localerc-ca-curs-13-1-satellite-networks 23/32
![Page 24: An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052419/577cdd401a28ab9e78ac9ad7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
7/30/2019 An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/an3derivatroretele-localerc-ca-curs-13-1-satellite-networks 24/32
A solar wind is astream of chargedparticles (i.e., aplasma) whichareejected from theupperatmosphere of
the sun.
![Page 25: An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052419/577cdd401a28ab9e78ac9ad7/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
7/30/2019 An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/an3derivatroretele-localerc-ca-curs-13-1-satellite-networks 25/32
The Earth’s Radiation Belts
![Page 26: An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052419/577cdd401a28ab9e78ac9ad7/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
7/30/2019 An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/an3derivatroretele-localerc-ca-curs-13-1-satellite-networks 26/32
Table 17.1 Satellite frequency band Table 17.1 Satellite frequency band
3500
500
500
70
15
Bandwidth,
MHz
20
11
4
1.9
1.5
Downlink,
GHz
30Ka
14Ku
6C
2.2S
1.6L
Uplink, GHzBand
![Page 27: An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052419/577cdd401a28ab9e78ac9ad7/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
7/30/2019 An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/an3derivatroretele-localerc-ca-curs-13-1-satellite-networks 27/32
Satellites in geosynchronous orbit
![Page 28: An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052419/577cdd401a28ab9e78ac9ad7/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
7/30/2019 An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/an3derivatroretele-localerc-ca-curs-13-1-satellite-networks 28/32
Triangulation
![Page 29: An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052419/577cdd401a28ab9e78ac9ad7/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
7/30/2019 An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/an3derivatroretele-localerc-ca-curs-13-1-satellite-networks 29/32
GPS
![Page 30: An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052419/577cdd401a28ab9e78ac9ad7/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
7/30/2019 An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/an3derivatroretele-localerc-ca-curs-13-1-satellite-networks 30/32
LEO satellite system
![Page 31: An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052419/577cdd401a28ab9e78ac9ad7/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
7/30/2019 An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/an3derivatroretele-localerc-ca-curs-13-1-satellite-networks 31/32
Iridium constellation
The Iridium system has 66 satellites in six LEO orbits, each atan alt itude of 750 km.
Iridium is designed to provide direct worldwide voice and
data communication using handheld terminals, a service
similar to cellular telephony but on a global scale.
![Page 32: An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022052419/577cdd401a28ab9e78ac9ad7/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
7/30/2019 An3_derivat.ro_retele-locale_RC CA Curs 13 1 Satellite Networks
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/an3derivatroretele-localerc-ca-curs-13-1-satellite-networks 32/32
Teledesic
Teledesic has 288 satellites in 12 LEO
orbits, each at an altitude of 1350 km.