anal cancer and cervical cancer

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Anal Cancer and Cervical Cancer An Emans/Chatham Joint

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Page 1: Anal Cancer And Cervical Cancer

Anal Cancer and Cervical Cancer

An Emans/Chatham Joint

Page 2: Anal Cancer And Cervical Cancer

Cervical Cancer

Page 3: Anal Cancer And Cervical Cancer
Page 4: Anal Cancer And Cervical Cancer

Cervical Caner is a cancer that forms in tissues of the cervix (the organ connecting the uterus and vagina). It is usually a slow-growing cancer that may not have symptoms but can be found with regular Pap tests (a procedure in which cells are scraped from the cervix and looked at under a microscope). HPV infections, which are sexually transmitted, are usually the cause.

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An HPV Infected Cervix

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Risk Factors• Giving birth to many children.• Having many sexual partners.• Having first sexual intercourse at a young age.• Smoking cigarettes.• Oral contraceptive use ("the Pill").• Weakened immune system.

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SymptomsIt usually takes several years for normal cells in the cervix to turn into cancer cells.

Other, separate conditions may cause the same symptoms, but a doctor should be consulted if any of the following problems occur:

• Vaginal bleeding (between periods)• Unusual vaginal discharge.• Pelvic pain.• Pain during sexual intercourse.

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A Cancerous Cervix

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Prevention

A vaccine for girls and young women protects against the four types of HPV that cause most cervical cancers.

One can also be abstinent, be faithful to one partner, and use condoms to better protect yourself against cervical caner.

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Treatment

Treatment options depend on the following:

• The stage of the cancer.

• The size of the tumor.

• The patient's desire to have children.

• The patient’s age.

Some treatment options are:

• Surgery• Chemotherapy• radiation therapy• Immunotherapy• vaccine therapy

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Prognosis

• Estimated new cases and deaths from cervical (uterine cervix) cancer in the United States in 2009:

• New cases: 11,270• Deaths: 4,070• Chance of recovery depends on the following: • The stage of the cancer (whether it affects part of the cervix,

involves the whole cervix, or has spread to the lymph nodes or other places in the body).

• The type of cervical cancer• The size of the tumor

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A Normal Cervix A Cancerous Cervix

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Anal Cancer

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Anal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the anus.

Anal cancer arises from the cells around the anal opening or in the anal canal just inside the anal opening.

About 5,000 people in the United States are diagnosed with anal cancer each year, according to the National Cancer Institute

Page 20: Anal Cancer And Cervical Cancer
Page 21: Anal Cancer And Cervical Cancer

Risk Factors• Being infected with the human papillomavirus

(HPV) can affect the risk of developing anal cancer. • Having HIV• Being over 50 years old.• Having many sexual partners.• Having receptive anal intercourse (anal sex).• Frequent anal redness, swelling, and soreness. • Having anal fistulas (abnormal openings).• Smoking cigarettes.

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Symptoms

• Bleeding from the anus or rectum.

• Pain or pressure in the area around the anus.

• Itching or discharge from the anus.

• A lump near the anus.

• A change in bowel habits.

• Narrowing of the stools

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Page 24: Anal Cancer And Cervical Cancer

Treatment

The treatment options depend on the following:

• The stage of the cancer.• Where the tumor is in the

anus.• Whether the patient has

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

• Whether cancer remains after initial treatment or has recurred.

Treatments Include: • Radiation Therapy • Chemotherapy • Surgery

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Prognosis

The prognosis depends on the following:• The size of the tumor.• Where the tumor is in the anus.• Whether the cancer has spread to the lymph nodes

If the cancer is detected earlier, there is an excellent chance of survival. Over half of all individuals diagnosed with anal cancer had a five-year survival rate.

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Page 27: Anal Cancer And Cervical Cancer

Organizations

• National Cancer Institute

• National Cervical Cancer Coalition

• American Cancer Society

• Gynecologic Cancer Foundation

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Sources

• CervicalCancerFacts.com

• http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/cervical/

• http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/anal/patient/

• http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/cervicalcancer.html