análise de sistemas de informação (asi) - ubingarcia/aulas/asi1213/ubi asi 1213 aula 7.pdf ·...
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JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected],[email protected]
AnálisedeSistemasdeInformação(ASI)
AnoLecFvo2012/2013*1ºSemestre
MestradoemEngenhariaInformáFca
UNIVERSIDADEDABEIRAINTERIORFaculdadedeEngenhariaDepartamentodeInformáFca JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected]
Aula7
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JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected],[email protected]
Previously...
Contentadaptedfrom
SystemsAnalysisandDesignwithUML,4thEdiFonInternaFonalStudentVersion
AlanDennis,BarbaraHaleyWixomandDavidTegarden,
Wiley,2012
UNIVERSIDADEDABEIRAINTERIORFaculdadedeEngenhariaDepartamentodeInformáFca JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected]
2
JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected],[email protected]
UNIVERSIDADEDABEIRAINTERIORFaculdadedeEngenhariaDepartamentodeInformáFca JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected]
3
RequirementsDeterminaFon
Purpose:toconverthighlevelbusinessrequirements(fromthesystemrequest)intodetailedrequirementsthatcanbeusedasinputsforcreaFngmodels
Whatisarequirement?AstatementofwhatthesystemmustdooracharacterisFcitmusthaveWilllaterevolveintoatechnicaldescripFonofhowthesystemwillbeimplemented
Types:FuncFonal:relatestoaprocessordataNon‐funcFonal:relatestoperformanceorusability
JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected],[email protected]
UNIVERSIDADEDABEIRAINTERIORFaculdadedeEngenhariaDepartamentodeInformáFca JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected]
4
NonfuncFonalRequirements
Requirementtype Example
OperaFonal • Thesystemshouldbeabletofitinapocketorpurse• ThesystemshouldbeabletointegratewiththeexisFnginventorysystem.
Performance • AnyinteracFonbetweentheuserandthesystemshouldnotexceed2seconds.
• ThesystemshouldreceiveupdatedinventoryinformaFonevery15minutes.
Security • Onlydirectmanagerscanseepersonnelrecordsofstaff• Customerscanseetheirorderhistoryonlyduringbusinesshours.
Cultural&PoliFcal • ThesystemshouldbeabletodisFnguishbetweenUnitedStatesandEuropeancurrency
• Thesystemshallcomplywithinsuranceindustrystandards.
JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected],[email protected]
UNIVERSIDADEDABEIRAINTERIORFaculdadedeEngenhariaDepartamentodeInformáFca JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected]
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RequirementsDefiniFonNon‐func8onal,Thesystem: Func8onal,Thesystemmust:
1.Opera8onalRequirements1.1willoperateinMSWindows1.2shouldconnecttoprinterswirelessly1.3shouldautomaFcallybackupattheend
ofeachday2.PerformanceRequirements2.1willstoreanewappointmentin2seconds2.2willretrievetheschedulesin2seconds3.SecurityRequirements3.1onlydoctorscansettheiravailability3.2onlyamanagercanproduceaschedule4.Culturalandpoli8calRequirements4.1NonehasbeenanFcipated
1.ManageAppointments1.1PaFentmakesnewappointment1.2PaFentchangesappointment1.3PaFentcancelsappointment2.ProduceSchedule2.1OfficeManagerchecksdaily
schedule2.2OfficeManagerprintsdailyschedule3.RecordDoctoravailability3.1Doctorupdatesschedule
JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected],[email protected]
UNIVERSIDADEDABEIRAINTERIORFaculdadedeEngenhariaDepartamentodeInformáFca JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected]
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RequirementsDefiniFon
Non‐func8onal,Thesystem: Func8onal:
1. Opera8onal1.1willoperateonWindowsandMac,andallbrowsers.1.2Thewillbeconnectedtovendorstoprovidereal‐FmeproductinformaFon
2. Performance2.1TheproductDBmustbeupdatedinrealFme2.2mustprovideresultstouserqueriesin<5secs
3. Security3.1High‐levelsecuritymustbeavailableforcustomerfinancial
transacFons3.2mustbeprotectedagainstunauthorizedentry
4. Culturalandpoli8cal4.1shouldbeavailableinvariouslanguages4.2shouldtailorproductofferingsandadverFsementstotheregionandcustomer4.3shouldmaintainfeaturestorecognizeandobeyvariouslawsindifferentregionsregardingtaxaFon,shipping,andproductapproval
1. OnlineStore1.1StoreproductinformaFon1.2Allowcustomerstosearchandviewproducts1.3Allowcustomerstoplaceproductsinshoppingcart
2. Ordering2.1Allowcustomerstopurchaseproducts2.2Facilitatecustomerpayment2.3Relaycustomerordertovendors3. CustomerInforma8onManagement3.1ManagecustomerinformaFondatabase3.2TailoradverFsementstocustomerprofile3.3Providecustomerserviceinterface4. VendorManagement4.1Providereal‐Fmeinventorymanagement4.2Trackserviceperformanceofcustomer4.3ManageadverFsements
1.ReviewtheAmazon.comWebsite.DeveloptherequirementsdefiniFonforthesite.CreatealistoffuncFonalbusinessrequirementsthatthesystemmeets.WhatdifferentkindsofnonfuncFonalbusinessrequirementsdoesthesystemmeet?Provideexamplesforeachkind.
JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected],[email protected]
TheAnalysisPhase:
Requirements‐GatheringTechniques
Contentadaptedfrom
SystemsAnalysisandDesignwithUML,4thEdiFonInternaFonalStudentVersion
AlanDennis,BarbaraHaleyWixomandDavidTegarden,
Wiley,2012
UNIVERSIDADEDABEIRAINTERIORFaculdadedeEngenhariaDepartamentodeInformáFca JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected]
7
JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected],[email protected]
UNIVERSIDADEDABEIRAINTERIORFaculdadedeEngenhariaDepartamentodeInformáFca JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected]
8
RequirementsGatheringTechniques
Purpose‐Uncoverallrequirements(thoseuncoveredlateintheprocessaremoredifficulttoincorporate)‐ Buildsupportandtrustamongusers
TechniquesInterviews
JointApplicaFonDevelopment(JAD)QuesFonnaires
DocumentanalysisObservaFon
JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected],[email protected]
UNIVERSIDADEDABEIRAINTERIORFaculdadedeEngenhariaDepartamentodeInformáFca JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected]
9
Interviews
Mostpopulartechnique—ifyouneedtoknowsomething,justask
Ingeneral,theyareconductedone‐on‐one
Steps:1.Selectpeopletointerview&createaschedule2.DesigninterviewquesFons(Open‐ended,closed‐ended,&probingtypesofquesFons)3.Preparefortheinterview(Unstructuredvs.structuredintervieworganizedinalogicalorder)4.Conducttheinterview(Top‐downvs.boqom‐up)5.Follow‐uparertheinterview
JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected],[email protected]
UNIVERSIDADEDABEIRAINTERIORFaculdadedeEngenhariaDepartamentodeInformáFca JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected]
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1.SelectInterviewees
Ge
ne
rate
d b
y C
am
Sc
an
ne
r
JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected],[email protected]
UNIVERSIDADEDABEIRAINTERIORFaculdadedeEngenhariaDepartamentodeInformáFca JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected]
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2.DesignInterviewQuesFons
DonotaskquesFonsaboutinformaFonthatisavailablefromothersources!
JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected],[email protected]
UNIVERSIDADEDABEIRAINTERIORFaculdadedeEngenhariaDepartamentodeInformáFca JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected]
12
2.DesignInterviewQuesFons
Howcanorder
processingbeimproved?
HowcanwereducethenumberofFmesthatcustomers
returnordereditems?
Howcanwereducethenumberoferrorsinorderprocessing(e.g.,shipping
thewrongproducts)?
Top‐down
BoRom‐up
High‐level:Verygeneral
Medium‐level:Moderatelyspecific
Low‐level:Veryspecific
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UNIVERSIDADEDABEIRAINTERIORFaculdadedeEngenhariaDepartamentodeInformáFca JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected]
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3.Preparefortheinterview
‐InthesamewayasyouwouldprepareforapresentaFon
‐Defineageneralinterviewplan,lisFngwhattoaskandinwhatorder
‐Antecipatepossibleanswersandprovidefollow‐upwiththem
‐Confirmtheareastheintervieweehasknowledge
‐Preparetheintervieweeaswell
explainthereasonsfortheinterview
presenttheareastobediscussedfarenoughinadvance
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4.Conducttheinterview‐Buildrapportwiththeinterviewee,sothathe/shewilltrustyou,andtellsyouthewholetruth,notjustanswersthathe/shethinksarewanted
‐Beprofessionalandunbiased
‐Startbyexplainingwhytheintervieweeisthereandwhywaschosen
‐Followyourinterviewplan
‐ Carefullytakedetailednoteswritedowneverythingtheintervieweesays
downbeafraidtoaskhim/hertopauseorslowdown
recordingtheinterviewraisesseveralissues
‐Separatefactsfromopinion
‐ TheintervieweeshouldbegivenFmetoexpressopinionsoutsidetheplan
‐ Explainwhathappensnext
JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected],[email protected]
UNIVERSIDADEDABEIRAINTERIORFaculdadedeEngenhariaDepartamentodeInformáFca JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected]
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5.Post‐InterviewPrepareaninterviewreportandsendtotheintervieweeforverificaFon
JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected],[email protected]
UNIVERSIDADEDABEIRAINTERIORFaculdadedeEngenhariaDepartamentodeInformáFca JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected]
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JointApplicaFonDevelopment(JAD)
ItisorenthemostusefulmethodforcollecFnginformaFonfromusers canreducescopecreep preventssystemrequirementsfrombeingtoospecificortoovague
Jointuser‐analystmeeFnghostedbyafacilitator10to20users1to2scribesasneededtorecordthesessionUsuallyinaspeciallypreparedroom
MeeFngscanbeheldelectronicallyandanonymouslyReducesproblemsingroupsetngsCanbeheldremotely
JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected],[email protected]
UNIVERSIDADEDABEIRAINTERIORFaculdadedeEngenhariaDepartamentodeInformáFca JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected]
17
JointApplicaFonDevelopment(JAD)
Ge
ne
rate
d b
y C
am
Sc
an
ne
r
JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected],[email protected]
UNIVERSIDADEDABEIRAINTERIORFaculdadedeEngenhariaDepartamentodeInformáFca JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected]
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JADSteps1.SelectparFcipants
FollowsthesameprinciplesusedforinterviewsThefacilitatorshouldbeexperienced
2.DesignaJADsession
Sessionsrequirecarefulplanningtobesuccessful
Closed‐endedquesFonarerarelyused3.PrepareforaJADsession PreparetheanalystsandparFcipantsforwhatisexpectedofthem:ifthepurposeofthesessionistodevelopanunderstandingofthecurrentsystem,usersmayneedtobringdocumentsorusermanuals4.ConductaJADsession Groundrulesshouldbeestablished:followtheschedule,respectother’sopinion,accepFngdisagreement,onepersontalkingattheFme Facilitator:ensuresagendaisrespected;establishescommonvocabularyforthesession;recordsinputs5.Post‐JADfollow‐up AJADpost‐sessionreportispreparedandcirculatedamongaqendees.
JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected],[email protected]
UNIVERSIDADEDABEIRAINTERIORFaculdadedeEngenhariaDepartamentodeInformáFca JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected]
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QuesFonnaires
AsetofwriqenquesFonsusedtoobtaininformaFonfromindividuals
Maybepaperbasedorelectronic(e.g.,webbased)
Commonuses:LargenumbersofpeopleNeedbothinformaFonandopinionsWhendesigningforuseoutsidetheorganizaFon(customers,vendors,etc.)
Typicalresponserates:<50%(paper);<30%(Web)
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UNIVERSIDADEDABEIRAINTERIORFaculdadedeEngenhariaDepartamentodeInformáFca JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected]
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QuesFonnairesSteps1.SelecttheparFcipants IdenFfythepopulaFon UserepresentaFvesamplesforlargepopulaFons
2.DesigningthequesFonnaire CarefulquesFonselecFon
RemoveambiguiFes
3.AdministeringthequesFonnaire Workingtogetgoodresponserate
OfferanincenFve(e.g.,afreepen)
4.QuesFonnairefollow‐up SendresultstoparFcipants
Sendathank‐you
JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected],[email protected]
UNIVERSIDADEDABEIRAINTERIORFaculdadedeEngenhariaDepartamentodeInformáFca JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected]
21
GoodQuesFonnaireDesign
Beginwithnon‐threateningandinteresFngquesFons
GroupitemsintologicallycoherentsecFons
Noimportantitemsattheveryend
Donotcrowdapagewithtoomanyitems
AvoidabbreviaFons
AvoidbiasedorsuggesFveitemsorterms
NumberquesFonstoavoidconfusion
PretesttoidenFfyconfusingquesFons
Provideanonymitytorespondents
JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected],[email protected]
UNIVERSIDADEDABEIRAINTERIORFaculdadedeEngenhariaDepartamentodeInformáFca JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected]
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DocumentAnalysis
ProvidesinformaFonaboutthe“as‐is”system
Reviewtechnicaldocumentswhenavailable
Reviewtypicaluserdocuments:
Forms
Reports
Policymanuals
LookforuseraddiFonstoforms
Lookforunusedformelements
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UNIVERSIDADEDABEIRAINTERIORFaculdadedeEngenhariaDepartamentodeInformáFca JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected]
23
ObservaFon
Users/managersorendon’tremembereverythingtheydo
ChecksvalidityofinformaFongatheredinotherways
Behaviorsmaychangewhenpeoplearewatched
Workerstendtobeverycarefulwhenwatched
Keepalowprofile
Trynottointerruptorinfluenceworkers
BecarefulnottoignoreperiodicacFviFes
Weekly…Monthly…Annually
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UNIVERSIDADEDABEIRAINTERIORFaculdadedeEngenhariaDepartamentodeInformáFca JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected]
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ObservaFon
Generated by CamScanner
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UNIVERSIDADEDABEIRAINTERIORFaculdadedeEngenhariaDepartamentodeInformáFca JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected]
25
Requirements‐GatheringTechniquesCompared
AcombinaFonoftechniquesmaybeused
Documentanalysis&observaFonrequireliqletraining;JADsessionscanbeverychallenging
JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected],[email protected]
TheSystemProposal
• Combinesallmaterialcreatedinplanning&analysis• IncludedsecFons:– ExecuFvesummary
• ProvidesallcriFcalinformaFonissummaryform• HelpsbusyexecuFvesdeterminewhichsecFonstheyneedtoreadinmoredetail
– Thesystemrequest– Theworkplan– Thefeasibilityanalysis– TherequirementsdefiniFon– Currentmodelsofthesystem(expectedtoevolve)
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SystemProposalTemplate
JoãoPauloFernandes,[email protected],[email protected]
Summary
• Presentedinthischapter:– DiscussionoffuncFonalandnon‐funcFonalrequirementsdeterminaFon
– Requirementsanalysisstrategies
– Requirementsgatheringtechniques– AlternaFverequirementsdocumentaFontechniques
– Thesystemproposal