"análisis de la mujer en la sociedad: desde medea hasta nuestros días"

5/8/2018 "Análisis de la mujer en la sociedad: desde Medea hasta nuestros días" - slidepdf.com

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CE]PAM[NNCÞE

L{e|{k hlslja~ r{k~}a k~k }ê}{ia) ea k~ il ce}kencþe mk k~}k }pl`loahlnkp {e pkrl~a kxhl{~}cwa mk il j{okp ke il ic}kpl}{pl) ~cjrikjke}k wlja~ lce}ke}lp hlnkp {e `pkwk pknappcma rap {el ~kpck mk a`pl~ maemk ramkja~a`~kpwlp l mc~}ce}l~ j{okpk~ s aêp il~ pkgikxcaek~ ~a`pk ~{ ~c}{lncþe) l ia ilpfamk mcgkpke}k~ nae}kx}a~ hc~}þpcna~%

Ke il ic}kpl}{pl) kenae}plja~ {el gcnncþe mk il pklicmlm% Rampêlja~ mkncp|{k ia~ mc~}ce}a~ rkp~aelok~ |{k lrlpknke k~}ìe npklma~ l cjlfke s~kjkolezl mk il~ rkp~ael~ mk nlpek s h{k~a |{k wcwke ke mk}kpjcelma~jajke}a~% K~a~ haj`pk~ s j{okpk~ hl`ile nae rlil`pl~ mk mc~}ce}l~ ãranl~)naewcp}cãema~k) ke anl~caek~) ke rap}lwank~ mk nicnhã~ gcoa~ s lmjc}cma~ kek~|{kjl~ gapjlik~ a naenkr}{lik~ mk ia~ |{k ~k ~cpwckpae ia~ k~npc}apk~ naegpkn{kencl% Lif{ea~ mk kiia~) naja il jc~afcecl) k~}a k~) il lwkp~cþe amk~nlicgcnlncþe mk il j{okp) l{e|{k ea ~l`kja~ kxln}ljke}k nþja a n{ìemakjrkzlpae) hle rkpm{plma m{ple}k ~cfia~ s sl kenae}plja~ j{k~}pl~ mk kiia~ke il le}cfùkmlm%







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LE]CFÙKMLM

Il j{okp) sl ke il ic}kpl}{pl hajãpcnl) mk`êl ~kp ~{jc~l) a`kmcke}k s~ckjrpk rikflml l il~ kxcfkencl~ mki rlmpk) jlpcma a hkpjlea k) ceni{~a) hcoa~%^{ j{ema el}{pli kpl ki haflp s ~{~ }lpkl~ il~ rparcl~ mki ìj`c}a majã~}cna%Il j{okp) rlpl ia~ niì~cna~) mk`êl ~kp pk~cfelml) hlnkema~l s ec hlìlp mk ~{rlp}cncrlncþe ke il wcml ~ancli%

K~}a~ jc~ja~ l~rkn}a~ lrlpknke ke a}pl~ l{}apk~ s a`pl~ mk ille}cfùkmlm naja ke Jkmkl k~npc}l rap K{pêrcmk~% Ke kiil lrlpknke kokjria~nae}{emke}k~ mk naemkel jc~þfcel mk il plzl gkjkecel% K~}a~ kokjria~ ia~kenae}plja~ }le}a ke rkp~aelok~ jl~n{icea~ naja gkjkecea~ s mc~n{ppk rapia~ nl{nk~ k~}lìkncma~ rap Hk~êama? |{k il j{okp k~ {e jli rlpl ki haj`pk ~kpkrc}k {el s a}pl wkz s |{k lmkjì~ k~ {e jli ceki{mcìk rap|{k ~ce kiil~ kihaj`pk ea rampêl rpanpklp) naja pkn{kpml Ol~þe ke Jkmkl? " ia~ haj`pk~ mk`kpêle kefkemplp hcoa~ mk lif{el a}pl jlekpl s ea }kempêl |{k kxc~}cp il plzl gkjkecel? l~ê ea }kempêl |{k kxc~}cp il plzl gkjkecel? l~ê ea hl`pêl jli rlpl ia~ haj`pk~ "%

Rkpa il fple eawkmlm mk k~}l a`pl k~}ì ke ki hknha mk |{k K{pêrcmk~raek ke ànl mk ia~ rkp~aelok~ gkjkecea~ s ke ki napa) rlil`pl~ nae}pl ia~







7

haj`pk~) |{k eapjlijke}k mcnke ia~ haj`pk~ nae}pl il~ j{okpk~ % K~}l~npê}cnl~ hlnk |{k ramlja~ rke~lp ke Jkmkl naja {el j{okp pkcwcemcnl}cwl)

|{k mke{encl il pklicmlm mk il j{okp s ea ~k naegapjl nae ki rlrki |{k il~anckmlm ik l~cfel) k~ mkncp) ramkja~ rke~lp ke kiil naja {el j{okpgkjcec~}l%

L~ê) K{pêrcmk~) raek ke ànl mk Jkmkl?

<% â`pk il ~c}{lncþe mk il~ j{okpk~ (rpcjkp rìpplga mk Jkmkl#%Kenae}plja~ l|{ê il cewkp~cþe mki }þrcna jc~þfcea) "ki rkap mk ia~ jlik~ ea k~ il j{okp ~cea ki haj`pk "%

0% ^c ia~ haj`pk~ ~k |{kole mk |{k il k~ra~l ramêl ~kp `{kel a jlil)Jkmkl kxricnl |{k il rp{k`l mknc~cwl rlpl il j{okp pk~cmk "ke }ajlp {e

jlpcma `{kea a jlia "%>% Lhapl `cke) ~c ki haj`pk r{kmk ~krlplp~k a pkr{mclp l il j{okp) ã~}l ear{kmk hlnkpia a k~}lpêl jli wc~}l%

=% Lmkjì~ mk`k naeankp nþja najrap}lp~k ke ki iknha rlpl |{k ea ~k iklric|{k rap il g{kpzl%

;% L~ê r{k~) il wcaikencl s il ic`kp}lm ~ae rl}pcjaeca mki haj`pk ea mk ilj{okp%

7% Ki haflp k~ wc~}a rap Jkmkl ea naja {e pkg{fca) ~cea naja {el rpc~cþeea kxke}l mk rkicfpa~% L k~}a ~k ik {ek ki rkicfpa mk mlp l i{z% "Mcnke |{k wcwcja~ ke il nl~l {el wcml kxke}l mk rkicfpa~) jcke}pl~ kiia~ i{nhle nae {el ilezl, Eknca~, Rpkgkpcpêl }pk~ wknk~ k~}lp l rck gcpjk nae

{e k~n{ma |{k mlp l i{z {el ~ail wkz "% Nae k~}l najrlplncþe ke}pk ia~mk`kpk~ nêwcna~ l~cfelml~ ke il raic~ l ia~ haj`pk~ mkgke~l spkrpam{nncþe l il~ j{okpk~) mkgckemk Jkmkl ki fãekpa gkjkecea%

]lj`cãe ki napa mk j{okpk~) ke k~}l jc~jl a`pl) pknhlzl il jc~afceclmk ia~ rak}l~ lpnlcna~ iljke}lema "|{k Gkà ea hlsl naenkmcma l il~ j{okpk~ ki mae mki nle}a rlpl pk~raemkp l il jc~jl nae {e hcjea mk mke{encl nae}pl ia~ haj`pk~ "%

]ple~npc`cja~ l nae}ce{lncþe) l jama mk kokjria~) lif{ea~ mk ia~mcìiafa~ |{k lrlpknke ke il a`pl% Ke kiia~ Jkmkl hlìl mk ia |{k sl hkja~kxricnlma le}kpcapjke}k? mk ia~ cenaewkecke}k~ |{k }kekja~ il~ j{okpk~) mkia~ }pl}a~ mki jlpcma hlncl il j{okp s il "~{kp}k" |{k }kekja~ ~c ea ea~ }pl}lerap il g{kpzl) mk ia |{k rcke~le mk ea~a}pl~ s mki ramkp |{k ml ki naeancjcke}amk rile}l~ s mkjì~ rþncjl~ jkmcncelik~ (hknhcnkpêl#% Ia |{k r{kmk naewkp}cp lil j{okp ke {e ~kp rkicfpa~a?

Ke ki ÿi}cja) ki Napa rpkmcnk nlj`ca~ ke il o{~}cncl hlncl il j{okp%

Mcìiafa~?

* JKMKL? "Mk }ama ia |{k }ckek wcml s rke~ljcke}a) ea~a}pl~) il~ j{okpk~)~aja~ ki ~kp jì~ mk~fplnclma% Kjrkzlja~ rap }kekp |{k najrplp {e k~ra~a







6

nae mc~rkemca mk pc|{kzl~ s }ajlp {e lja mk e{k~}pa n{kpra% S k~}k k~ ki rkap mk ia~ jlik~% S il rp{k`l mknc~cwl pk~cmk ke }ajlp l {ea jlia) a l {ea `{kea%

L il~ j{okpk~ ea ik~ ml `{kel gljl il ~krlplncþe mki jlpcma s }ljrana ik~ k~ ra~c`ik pkr{mclpia% S ~c e{k~}pa k~g{kpza) rap lfplmlp li jlpcma) ~k wk napaelma rap ki ãxc}a s e{k~}pa k~ra~a naewcwk nae ea~a}pl~ ~ce lricnlpea~ ki s{fa rap il g{kpzl) e{k~}pl wcml k~ kewcmcl`ik) rkpa ~c ea) jkoap k~ japcp% Mcnke |{k wcwcja~ ke il nl~l {el wcml kxke}l mk rkicfpa~) jcke}pl~ kiia~ i{nhle nae il ilezl% ¬Eknca~, Rpkgkpcpêl }pk~ wknk~ k~}lp l rck gcpjk nae {e k~n{ma |{k mlp l i{z {el ~ail wkz "%

* JKMKL? (%%%# Lmkjì~) il~ j{okpk~ ~aja~ ia~ ~kpk~ jì~ cenlrlnc}lma~ rlpl ki `cke) rkpa hl`ciê~cja~ lp}êgcnk~ mk }aml nil~k mk mk~fplncl~ %

* JKMKL? L~ê ia hlpã) ea mk~naegclpã mk }{~ rlil`pl~) rkpa il~ j{okpk~ ~aja~ mã`cik~ s rpae}l~ l iiaplp%

* JKMKL? (%%%# Ea ~l`k~ ki hliilzfa |{k ke jê hl~ kenae}plma? hlpã |{k }ÿ mkok~ mk ~kp k~}ãpci s }k hlpã ~kj`plp fãpjkek~ |{k mke hcoa~% ]lik~ ~ae ia~ pkjkmca~ |{k naeazna %

* NAPA? hle cewkp}cma ki n{p~a mk il~ lf{l~ mk ia~ pêa~ ~lfplma~) s il o{~}cncl s }ama ~k w{kiwk mki pkwã~% Keflüa~a~ ~ae ia~ mk~cfeca~ mk ia~ haj`pk~ s il gk ke ia~ mca~k~ sl ea k~ gcpjk% Il ikskeml mlpì {e fcpa s il `{kel gljl cewlmcpì jc kxc~}kencl% Iikfl il hapl mki haeap rlpl il plzl mk il~ j{okpk~ il mc~aele}k

gljl sl ea ~kpì m{kül mk il~ j{okpk~%







8

KMLM JKMCL

Ke k~}l ãranl) maemk ~k hl ke}kpplma ia~ }kjl~ mk il le}cfùkmlmniì~cnl) il~ j{okpk~ ~cf{ke ~ckema j{okpk~ }{}kilml~) l ea ~kp |{k rap ~{ icelokr{kmle iikflp l ~kp pkcel~ a rap ~{ ra~cncþe r{kmle iikflp l pkfke}lp {ejael~}kpca s ~kp ~{~ l`lmk~l~) ke maemk il~ j{okpk~ |{k ~a`pkwcwke ~ail~~ae nae~cmkplml~ `p{ol~ a hknhcnkpl~% Ke k~k nae}kx}a) kenae}plja~ l Npc~}cel

mk Rczìe%Npc~}cel mk Rczìe (<>7=# r{kmk ~kp nae~cmkplml naja il rpcjkpl j{okp

k~npc}apl rpagk~caeli) sl |{k mk ~{ ri{jl ~lickpae il~ pke}l~ nae il~ |{k r{ma~lnlp lmkile}k l ~{~ hcoa~ mk nap}l kmlm l il j{kp}k mk ~{ jlpcma) n{lemaNpc~}cel nae}l`l ~þia wkce}cncena lüa~% Km{nlml kx|{c~c}ljke}k ke Rlpê~ ke ilnap}k mk Nlpia~ W mk Wliac~) ~{ k~npc}{pl il hcza glja~l s nae~cmkplml ke }amlK{parl%

Il Nc{mlm mk il~ mljl~ k~ ki }ê}{ia mki ic`pa |{k Npc~}cel mk Rczìek~npc`cþ ke <=2; rlpl mk~nlpflp ~{ cemcfelncþe s pk`l}cp ia~ lpf{jke}a~ mk

l|{kiia~ kjrkülma~ ke mkja~}plp "il el}{plikzl ea japli mk il~ j{okpk~) keara~cncþe l il mk ia~ haj`pk~) s ~{ rkpwkp~cmlm ce}pêe~knl s nappa~cwl"%







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Npc~}cel mk Rczìe ~k iljke}l li najckeza mk ~{ ic`pa) ke ki |{k n{ke}l

nþja ~{pfcþ s nae |{ã rparþ~c}a) mk |{k %%% "Ea k~ |{k ~kl na~l mk {e haj`pk a ma~) %%% ea hls }kx}a |{k k~}ã kxke}a mk jc~afcecl "%

L`l}cml) naegck~l hl`kp iikflma l gclp~k %%% "jì~ mki o{cnca lokea |{k mk ia |{k ~l`êl s ~ke}êl ke jc ~kp mk j{okp "% H{emcml ke }le }pc~}k~ pkgikxcaek~pknc`k il wc~c}l mk "}pk~ Mljl~ napaelml~ mk j{s li}a plefa " n{sa pk~rilemapci{jcel }aml il hl`c}lncþe% Ã~}l~ ea ~ae a}pl~ |{k Plzþe) Mkpknh{pl s O{~}cncl)|{ckek~ ~{fckpke l Npc~}cel nae~}p{cp {el nc{mlm |{k r{kml lnafkp l }aml~ il~j{okpk~?

† "{el Nc{mlm ikwle}lml s kmcgcnlml rlpl }aml~ il~ j{okpk~ mk jãpc}a) il~

mk lskp) has s jlülel "% %%%† "il Nc{mlm |{k g{emlpì~ nae e{k~}pl ls{ml e{enl waiwkpì l il elml ~cea

|{k ~ckjrpk rkpjleknkpì giapkncke}k4 rk~k l il kewcmcl mk ~{~ kekjcfa~) pk~c~}cpì j{nha~ l~li}a~) ~ce ~kp oljì~ }ajlml a wkencml "%

Il~ }pk~ Mljl~) Plzþe) Mkpknh{pl s O{~}cncl) wle rparapncaelema l ilk~npc}apl il~ jkoapk~ rckmpl~ nae il~ n{lik~ nae~}p{cp ia~ mcgkpke}k~ pknce}a~ mkil Nc{mlm? il~ j{okpk~ |{k il hc~}apcl) il jc}aiafêl s il ikskeml hle nae~lfplmamk~r{ã~ mk mkja~}plp ~{ cefkeca) ~{ nae~}lencl) ~{ lp}k) ~{ wcp}{m) ~{ ke}pkfl)~{ gcmkicmlm) ~{ wliap ke il f{kppl s ke il mkgke~l mk {ea~ rpcencrca~)cf{liìemail~ l }aml~ rap ~{ jãpc}a) |{k ea rap il naemcncþe mk ~{ elncjcke}a ara~cncþe ~ancli%

Ki ga~a rpag{ema ke ki |{k hle mk cp ia~ ncjcke}a~ mk il nc{mlm ~k wlnêlrpcjkpa mk }ama~ ia~ rpko{cnca~ |{k ia~ haj`pk~ hle rparlflma ~a`pk il~ j{okpk~ ) ~ce lhapplpik~ ia~ nlicgcnl}cwa~ mk eknca~ a jke}cpa~a~)mk~kejl~nlplema il~ mcgkpke}k~ ja}cwlncaek~ mk ia~ jc~ja~ s raeckema kekwcmkencl il mk`cicmlm mk ~{~ lpf{jke}a~%

Ia~ ncjcke}a~) il~ li}l~ j{pliil~ s ga~a~) ia~ rlilnca~ s jle~caek~"maemk rampìe pk~cmcp rlpl ~ckjrpk il~ mljl~ mk fple gljl s jãpc}a l |{ckek~

wle mk~}celma~ " ~k nae~}p{ske nae }aml~ il~ j{okpk~ leþecjl~ |{knaikn}cwljke}k rpa}lfaeczlpae lifÿe hknha jkpc}apca s nae il~ j{okpk~ |{khle |{kmlma nae ~{ eaj`pk rparca ke ki pkfc~}pa mk il hc~}apcl?

† mk Napecgcncl l ^lga) rak}l~ s gciþ~agl~ mk fple ce}kicfkencl s n{i}{pl4† mk ^kjêpljc~ l Nikicl) |{k mckpae rp{k`l~ mk fple lppaoa4† mk Jlpêl Jlfmlikel l ^le}l Jlpcel |{k ~ce}ckpae rckmlm4† mk il kjrkpl}pcz Ecnl{il l il pkcel Gpkmkf{eml) |{k fa`kpelpae nae

o{~}cncl s ~ke}cma mk il raiê}cnl) ~ap}klema nae }cea s rp{mkencl ia~k~naiia~ mk ~{ jleml}a%

Ea aiwcml Npc~}cel mk Rczìe l Kic~l) |{k nae~}p{sþ il `kiil s ramkpa~lnc{mlm mk Nlp}lfa ~a`pk il }ckppl lgpcnlel |{k a`}{wa nae {e lpmcm |{k hl







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|{kmlma naja kokjria mk cefkeca% Il nae~}p{nncþe mk il nc{mlm ~k lnajrlüþmk il rpaj{iflncþe mk iksk~ "rlpl |{k ~k wcwckpl naegapjk li mkpknha s l il

o{~}cncl "% ]ama kiia ik wlicþ ki eaj`pk mk Mcma nae |{k k~ naeancml) |{k~cfecgcnl ia jc~ja |{k wcplfa) rlil`pl il}cel rlpl mk~cfelp l |{cke }ckek ilg{kpzl s ki wliap mk {e haj`pk%

Nae k~}l nae~}p{nncþe Npc~}cel mk Rczìe) ~k kegpke}l l il jc~afcecljl~n{icel s nae~}p{sk {el fkekliafêl gkjkecel |{k) ncena ~cfia~ jì~ }lpmk)nae}ce{l }keckema rikel wcfkencl naja ja}ap mki jawcjcke}a mk kjlencrlncþemk il j{okp%

KE]PK IL KMLM JKMCLS KI PKELNCJCKE]A

Ki `lnhciikp Gkpelema mk Paol~) elncma ke ]aikma (<=61*<;=<# srkp}kekncke}k l {el gljcicl mk naewkp~a~) ia |{k hlnk rke~lp |{k k~naeankmap mk ia~ cenaewkecke}k~ mk il pkrpk~cþe s jlpfcelncþe) ea~ hl mkolma{el mk il~ oasl~ ic}kplpcl~ mk il Ic}kpl}{pl k~rlüail? Il Nkik~}cel%

Ki lpf{jke}a mk Il Nkik~}cel rpankmk mk {el najkmcl il}cel jkmckwli)Rlerhci{~) |{k n{ke}l nþja {e nl`liikpa keljapl l {el mljl fplncl~ l il~







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lpmcmk~ mk {el wckol) |{k l ~{ wkz k~}ì }ajlml mk il~ najkmcl~ mk Ril{}a) rapia |{k ea ~k r{kmk ekflp il cegi{kencl niì~cnl%

Ia~ rpa}lfaec~}l~) Nlic~}a s Jkic`kl) ~ae rpa}a}cra~ mki ljap nap}ã~ s keil a`pl ~k }anle ia~ }pk~ fplemk~ }kjl~ jkmckwlik~? ki ljap) il gap}{el s ilj{kp}k% Rkpa le{encl ki Pkelncjcke}a rap|{k ecef{ea mk k~}a~ }kjl~ ~k }pl}lmk {el jlekpl okplp|{czlml ~cea cemcwcm{liczlml? nlml rkp~aelok k~ l{}þeajas ~k il`pl ~{ rparca gce) nae cemkrkemkencl mk n{ìi ~kl ~{ n{el s plefa ~ancli%Hls }lj`cãe {el ~ke~{licmlm jì~ kxli}lml |{k pkrpcjcml) s ke ecefÿejajke}a ~k rile}kl il ra~c`cicmlm mk |{k ia~ oþwkek~ keljaplma~ }keflece}kencþe mk nl~lp~k naja h{`ck~k ~cma ki gce el}{pli ke ki }kl}pa nak}ìeka%

Ia~ rkp~aelok~ mk k~}l a`pl ~ae ~kpk~ mk nlpek s h{k~a |{k ea ~k

icjc}le l mkolp~k iikwlp) ~cea |{k ln}ÿle ~cf{ckema ~{ npc}kpca |{k ~ckjrpk ik~`kekgcncl) `kekgcncl l il wckol linlh{k}l) l Nlicx}a) l Jkic`kl) l ia~ npclma~%

Rap a}pa ilma) il ln}c}{m mk ia~ rlmpk~) {~{li s gpkn{ke}k ke l|{kinae}kx}a ~ancli) nae~c~}ke}k ke nl~lp l ~{ hcol nae {e eaìk mk `{kel gljcicl)mc~}cef{cml s nae `{kel pkr{}lncþe) rlpl mkolpil lnajamlml s l~ke}lml le}k~mk |{k kiia~ rl~l~ke l jkoap wcml% Ea ik~ cjrap}l ~c Jkic`kl ljl a ea l k~khaj`pk4 ke anl~caek~ il j{okp ec ~c|{ckpl naeanêl l ~{ g{}{pa jlpcma hl~}l kimêl mki keilnk s ki haj`pk ~aiêl ~kp jlsap |{k kiil r{mckema ceni{~a maìlp ~{kmlm rkpgkn}ljke}k%

Mk k~}l a`pl wlja~ l pk~li}lp }le}a il glnk}l jc~þfcel |{kkenae}plja~) |{k pk~raemk kxln}ljke}k l il ~anckmlm mki ^% XW) l~ê naja ilmk}kpjcelncþe mk il~ j{okpk~ |{k lrlpknke%

Ke Il Nkik~}cel) lrlpknk ke {el flikpêl cjrap}le}k mk j{okpk~ }aml~kiil~ j{s mcgkpke}k~ ke ~{~ mc~n{p~a~ s ln}{lncaek~% Paol~ ea pknafk kijamkia gkjkecea agcncli ~cea {el fple wlpckmlm mk j{okpk~ |{k ~k likole mk ãi?Il Nkik~}cel s il~ npclml~ ~ae j{okpk~ l{}þeajl~ nae~ncke}k~ mki rlrki |{k}ckeke l~cfelma rkpa }lj`cãe mk il pklicmlm |{k ik~ pamkl? mk ~{ eknk~cmlm mk~{rkpwcwkencl) ia |{k ik~ aìcfl l ~licp mk ~{ nl~l l cp ~ail~ rap il~ nliik~) na~l|{k k~}l`l j{s jli wc~}a ke k~l ãranl) s l {}ciczlp l ia~ haj`pk~ ke ~{ rparcarpawknha% Gpke}k l kiil~ Jkic`kl s ~{ jlmpk rkp}kekncke}k~ l a}pa k~}l}{~)}ckeke il wcml ~kf{pl rkpa il ic`kp}lm icjc}lml) il jlmpk ia wcwk nae el}{plicmlm)il hcol ~k pk`kil4 ki k~rlnca ke ki |{k ~k j{kwke ~kpì ~{ nl~l s ki olpmêe%

@pkwk k~àza mk lif{el mk kiil~?

/ NKIK^]CEL? kxricnl ke ki ln}a XCC nþja wcwk s il wliaplncþe mk ~{cemkrkemkencl ? "Wcwa mk jc agcnca) naja nlml n{li agcncli mki ~{sa) j{s icjrcljke}k% L |{cke ea jk |{ckpk ea ik `{~na% Mk jc nl~l jk wckeke l ~lnlp)

ke jc nl~l jk p{kfle% ^c `cke a jli wcwa) Mca~ k~ }k~}cfa mk jc naplzþe "%







<0

Ke a}pa jajke}a) Paol~ ) j{k~}pl l Nkik~}cel fleìema~k il wcml najahknhcnkpl? Naeoÿpa}k) }pc~}k Ri{}þe) (% % % #Sa) Nkik~}cel) }{ jì~ naeancml nicke}k)

}k naeo{pa rap il wcp}{m s g{kpzl mk k~}l~ `kpjkol~ ik}pl~) rap il ~lefpk mk l|{kiil ean}{pel lwk nae |{k k~}ìe k~npc}l~) ( %%% # rap ki ì~rkpa wkekea mk il~ wêàpl~ mk |{k k~}k lnkc}k g{k hknha) nae ki n{li {e}a k~}k hcilma) l |{k wkefl~ ~ce }lpmlezl l a`kmknkp jc wai{e}lm s ke kiia }k kew{kiwl~ s nae kiia k~}ã~ ~ce cp}k ec {e jajke}a) hl~}l |{k Jkic`kl ia najrpk s nae kiia mk }li jlekpl |{kmk kepkmlml) |{k n{le}a jì~ ia jcplpk) }le}a jì~ ~{ naplzþe ~k lìlemk l naenkmkp jc rk}cncþe) s ~k ia l`pl~ s il~}cjk~ mki np{ma s g{kp}k ljap mk Nlic~}a4 (% % %#

/ JKIC@KL? pkrpk~ke}l ki cemcwcm{lic~ja rparca mki Pkelncjcke}a%Jkic`kl ea~ ml {e nilpa kokjria mk kiia? il pkilncþe |{k) rap kokjria) jle}ckek

nae Rik`kpca) ~{ rlmpk) ea k~ k~}ljke}li) ~cea |{k k~ {el pkilncþe lgkn}cwl%Le}kraek ~{ rilnkp s gkicncmlm) le}k a}pl~ nal~) ea ik ml }le}l cjrap}lencl lil~ }pl`l~ lokel~ s pk~{kiwk ~{~ jì~ npê}cnl~ ~c}{lncaek~ ÿecnljke}k nae ~{npc}kpca rkp~aeli% L{e|{k r{kml }kekp m{ml~ ~a`pk ki rlrki |{k il ~anckmlm ikl}pc`{sk naja ikkja~ l nae}ce{lncþe?

Jkic`kl (~ail#? ’¬Ah) il~}cjlml mk jê, ¬Ah jli rpawkêml maenkiil, (% %%#¬Ah ~a`kplea Mca~4 l }c |{k }ama~ ia~ l}pc`{ilma~) ia~ lrl~caelma~ rcmke pkjkmca) ia~ iilflma~ jkmcncel4 l }c |{k ia~ nckia~) jlp s }ckppl nae ia~ cegkpelik~ nke}pa~ a`kmknke4 l }c) ki n{li hkpcma naplzþe ~{gpcjcke}a s rlnckencl) nae |{k jc }kppcìk rl~cþe r{kml mc~cj{ilp, Ea ~k mk~mapk l|{kiil haol mk nl~}cmlm |{k }kefa l~ke}lml ~a`pk k~}k ljapa~a mk~ka) r{ìcnlema

~kp a}pa jc maiap) |{k ea ki |{k jk l}apjke}l% (% %% #¬Ah fãekpa gkjkecea)kenafcma s gpìfci, ±Rap |{ã ea g{k }lj`cãe l il~ hkj`pl~ naenkmcma ramkp mk~n{`pcp ~{ naefaoa~a s lpmcke}k ljap) naja l ia~ wlpaek~1 \{k ec Nlic~}a wcwckpl |{koa~a ec sa rkelml "%

/ LPK[^L K~ ki rkp~aelok l }plwã~ mki n{li Paol~ kxrpk~l ~{ jì~ljlpfl npê}cnl ~ancli4 ~kpì ke ki CX ln}a maemk Lpkÿ~l kxricnl ia |{k rcke~llnkpnl mk il ~c}{lncþe mk il~ j{okpk~ |{k }ckeke |{k flelp~k il wcml }pl`lolemamk npclml~ ke nl~l~ mk a}pa~ s naja ~ae }pl}lml~ rap ~{~ ~küapk~) o{~}cgcnlemal~ê ki nljcea |{k hl kikfcma kiil?

%* ’L~ê fank mk jê) |{k k~ wkpmlm |{k k~}l~ |{k ~cpwke l ~küapl~ ec fazle mkikc}k ec naeanke ia~ m{ink~ rpkjca~ mk ljap% E{enl }pl}le nae rlpcke}k~) nae cf{lik~ l |{cke r{kmle hlìlp }ÿ rap }ÿ) (% % % #)¬Ah }êl) s |{ã m{pa eaj`pk s |{ã fplwk s ~a`kp`ca k~ "~küapl" nae}ce{a ke il ànl, Rap k~}a jk wcwa ~a`pk jê mk~mk |{k jk ~ã naeankp) |{k oljì~ jk rpkncã mk iiljlpjk mk a}pl ~cea jêl) jlsapjke}k mk k~}l~ ~küapl~ |{k lhapl ~k {~le% Fì~}l~}k nae kiil~ ia jkoap mki }ckjra s nae {el ~lsl pa}l mk il~ |{k kiil~ mk~knhle rlfle ~kpwcnca mk mckz lüa~% Mkea~}lml~) jli}pl}lml~ il~ }plke) nae}ce{a ~ao{zflml~)|{k hlìlp mkile}k kiil~ ea a~le% S n{lema wke nkpnl ki }ckjra mk il aìcflncþe mk nl~lpil~) ikwìe}leik~ {e nlpljciia? |{k ~k knhle nae ki jaza a nae ki hcoa) a rêmkeik~ nkia~ mki jlpcma) a |{k jk}ke haj`pk~ ke nl~l) a |{k h{p}þ il }lzl a

rkpmcþ ki leciia4 mleik~ {e ncke}a mk lza}k~ s ãnhleil~ il r{kp}l g{kpl) il~ hliml~ ke il nl`kzl) mcnckema? "¬liiì cpì~) ilmpael) r{}l) ea mk~}p{cpì~ jc nl~l s







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haepl,"% L~ê |{k k~rkple flilpmþe) ~lnle `limþe4 k~rkple ~licp nl~lml~) ~like ljkef{lml~4 k~rkple wk~}cma~ s oasl~ mk àml) ~like mk~e{ml~ s mkea~}lml~%

Ã~}a~ ~ae ~{~ rpkjca~) ã~}a~ ~ae ~{~ `kekgcnca~ s rlfa~% Aìêfle~k l mlpik~ jlpcma) |{ê}leik~ ki wk~}cma% (% % % #E{enl aske ~{ eaj`pk rparca mk il ànl mk kiil~) ~cea "r{}l lnì") "r{}l ln{iiì") (% % % # ±il fliicel hl`lml ea rlpknk1) r{k~ `ÿ~nlil rpk~}a) ~c ea) ke il rpcjkpl ìlenl mk }{ ~aimlml il nae}lpã"% S }pl~ k~}a jci nhlrcelza~ s rkiiczna~) rlia~ s lza}k~% Ea hls |{cke il~ ~krl nae}ke}lp) ea |{cke r{kml ~{gpcpil~% ^{ rilnkp k~ mlp wank~) ~{ fiapcl k~ pkücp% Mk ia jkoap hknha jkea~ nae}ke}ljcke}a j{k~}ple% Rap k~}a) jlmpk) hk |{kpcma jì~ wcwcp ke jc rk|{kül nl~l) kxke}l s ~küapl) |{k ea ke ~{~ pcna~ rlilnca~) ~ao{zflml s nl{}cwl ‚%

Rap a}pa ilma) ramkja~ mkncp |{k ke Il Nkik~}cel) ke~kf{cml lgiapl {e

~ke}cjcke}a mk najrlmknkencl rap }aml~ l|{kiil~ j{okpk~ |{k hle }kecma |{k~arap}lp il }pkjkeml nlpfl mk wcwcp s ramkp ~a~}kekp l {el gljcicl ~ce nae}lpnae ecefÿe }cra mk lrasa) ec ~c|{ckpl lgkn}cwa% ]ama~ ia~ rkp~aelok~mkj{k~}ple) l ~{ jlekpl) |{k ~k hliile ~ail~ ke ki j{ema }le ~þia rap ki jkpahknha mk ~kp j{okp%

Ia~ haj`pk~?

Ia~ haj`pk~ |{k lrlpknke ke il a`pl) ~k j{kwke nae }aml ic`kp}lm rapia~ k~rlnca~ rÿìcna~) naja kpl eapjli ke ia~ rpknkr}a~ mk il ìranl%

/ ^KRPAECA ? k~ {ea mk ia~ npclma~ s naja nae~kokpa mk Nlicx}a) ke kiln}a rpcjkpa pkliczl {el ilpfl mcl}pc`l nae}pl il~ j{okpk~) hlncãema~k rap}lwazmk il ra~}{pl le}cgkjcec~}l mk ilpfl }plmcncþe) ~ckema ~{ ln}c}{m jc~þfcel i{flpnajÿe mk il ic}kpl}{pl niì~cnl s mk il K%Jkmcl% Mk~rpkncl l il j{okp ~ail |{k}ckek |{k wlikp~k mk il rpa~}c}{ncþe s il hknhcnkpêl rlpl ~a`pkwcwcp? (% % %# K~rkpa)maül hknhcnkpl) |{k sa }k hlpã cp li cegckpea nae nlp}l~ %

^kjrpaeca k~ ki ljle}k mk Kicncl) s rlpknk |{k ea |{ckpk iikflp l jì~)sl |{k nae kiil r{kmk ~l}c~glnkp ~{~ mk~ka~ nlpelik~ s nae~kf{cp rilnkp%Lmkjì~ mk {}ciczlp l il j{okp naja {e jkpa o{f{k}k ~kx{li) ^kjrpaeca ilh{jciil s il mk~rpkncl iiljìemail? "Nl~|{cwlel) i{o{pca~l) le}aolmczl)mk~nlplml) jke}cpa~l s kepkmlmapl "% S lülmk "^{~ mc~cj{ilncaek~) ~{ ikef{l)~{ keflüa) ~{ aiwcma) ~{ mk~ljap) ~{ cefpl}c}{m) ~{ cena~}lencl) ~{ }k~}cjaeclp)~{ ekflp) ~{ pkwaiwkp) ~{ rpk~{encþe) ~{ wlelfiapcl) ~{ l`l}cjcke}a) ~{ ian{pl)~{ mk~mãe) ~{ ~a`kp`cl) ~{ ~{okncþe) ~{ rlpikpêl) ~{ faia~cel) ~{ i{o{pcl s ~{nckmlm) ~{ jckma) ~{ l}pkwcjcke}a) ~{~ hknhcnkpêl~) ~{~ kj`lcjcke}a~) ~{~ k~nlpeca~) ~{ mk~ikef{ljcke}a) ~{ mk~wkpfùkezl) ~{ linlh{k}kpêl1 % % %"

S rap ~c ~{ lja ea ~k hl naewkencma nae }ama ia |{k ik hl mcnha) ci{~}pl~{~ lpf{jke}a~ nae il~ arcecaek~ mk rkp~ael~ mk fple pkr{}lncþe? ±]k maicþ1 Ikk ia~ hc~}apclik~) k~}{mcl ia~ gciþ~aga~) jcpl ia~ rak}l~% Iikea~ k~}ìe ia~ ic`pa~ mk ~{~ wcik~ s jlia~ kokjria~) s mk nlêml~ |{k }{wckpae ia~ |{k ke lifa) naja }ÿ) il~ pkr{}lpae% Ask l ^liajþe |{k mcnk |{k il~ j{okpk~ s ki wcea hlnke l ia~

haj`pk~ pkekflp% Lnae~ãol}k nae ^ãeknl) s wkpì~ ke |{ã il~ }ckek% K~n{nhl l Lpc~}þ}kik~) jcpl l @kpelpma %%%







<=

/ RLPJKEA) a}pa mk ia~ npclma~) ea k~}ì keljaplma mk Lpkÿ~l) ~aia

~cke}k l}plnncþe gê~cnl s ia |{k |{ckpk k~ jle}kekp pkilncaek~ nae il rpa~}c}{}l%Ea }ckek ecef{el najrpke~cþe hlnêl il~ j{okpk~ ~ail~ s il mk~npcrncþe |{khlnk mk Nkik~}cel s ~{~ }pl`loa~ k~ mkjaikmapl? "^c ke}pk ncke j{okpk~ wl s lif{ea mcnk?¬r{}l wckol, ~ce ecefÿe kjrlnha i{kfa w{kiwk il nl`kzl s pk~raemk nae nlpl likfpk% Ke ia~ naewc}k~) ke il~ gck~}l~) ke il~ `aml~) ke il~ nagplmêl~)ke ia~ jap}{apca~) ke }ama~ ia~ ls{e}ljcke}a~ mk fke}k~) nae kiil rl~le }ckjra% ^c rl~l rap ia~ rkppa~ ) l|{kiia ~{kel ~{ ilmpcma4 ~c k~}l nkpnl il~ lwk~)a}pl na~l ea nle}le4 ~c nkpnl ia~ flelma~) `lilema ia rpkfaele4 ~c nkpnl il~ `k~}cl~) pk`{zelema mcnke ¬R{}l wckol, ‚%

^a`pk ia~ Agcnca~ mk il Nkik~}cel? "Kiil }keêl ~kc~ agcnca~) naewckek l ~l`kp? ilwlemkpl) rkpg{jkpl) jlk~}pl mk hlnkp lgkc}k~ s mk hlnkp wcpfa~)

linlh{k}l s {el ra|{c}l hknhcnkpl %"

/ NLIC^]A ~k }ajl j{s ke ~kpca ~{ pkilncþe nae Jkic`kl% Il }pl}l najal {el mcwcecmlm sl |{k rlpl ãi k~ ~{ }k~apa jì~ rpknclma% L rk~lp mk |{k iljlsapêl mk ~{~ ken{ke}pa~ gap}{c}a~ li gcia mk jkmcleanhk ke ki olpmêe mk ~{ljlml) n{ijcele nae ia~ ma~ keljaplma~ pkliczlema ki ln}a ~kx{li le}k~ mkmk~rkmcp~k hl~}l ~{ rpþxcjl nc}l%







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^CFIA XWCC

Mk~r{ã~ mk aêp |{kolp~k l Jkic`kl mk ~{ naemcncþe gkjkecel ik aìcfl lnae}kekp ~{ rl~cþe ljapa~l le}k ia~ pk|{kpcjcke}a~ mk ~{ ljlma) ea ramkja~rap jkea~ |{k pknapmlp il gcf{pl s lif{el~ pkmaemciil~ mk âp O{lel Ceã~ mk il Np{z (<7;<*<73<#%

âp O{lel Ceã~ mk mk il Np{z4 ^le Jcf{ki mk Ekrle}il) ln}{li Jãxcna)<7;< * m%) <73;#% G{k il jlsap gcf{pl mk il~ ik}pl~ hc~rlealjkpcnlel~ mki ~cfiaXWCC%

O{lel Ceã~ mk il Np{z rpkgcpcþ ki naewke}a li jl}pcjaeca rlpl ~kf{cpfazlema mk ~{~ lgcncaek~ ce}kikn}{lik~? "Wcwcp ~ail%%% ea }kekp an{rlncþe lif{el aìcfl}apcl |{k kj`lplzl~k il ic`kp}lm mk jc k~}{mca) ec p{jap mk naj{ecmlm |{k cjrcmck~k ki ~a~kflma ~cikenca mk jc~ ic`pa~ ") k~npc`cþ%

Ke ~{ nkiml }lj`cãe iikwþ l nlà kxrkpcjke}a~ ncke}êgcna~) pk{ecþ {ele{}pcml `cìca}knl) najr{~a a`pl~ j{~cnlik~ s k~npc`cþ {el kx}ke~l a`pl |{k

l`lpnþ mcgkpke}k~ fãekpa~) mk~mk il rak~êl s ki }kl}pa%







<7

Npc}cnþ m{pljke}k il hcranpk~êl mk ia~ haj`pk~ |{k mk~r{ã~ mklrpawknhlp~k mk il~ j{okpk~ il~ l`lemael`le% Mk il jc~jl gapjl)

pkcwcemcnl`l ki mkpknha mk il~ j{okpk~ li lrpkemczlok) r{k~ ki naeancjcke}a "ea~þia ik~ k~ iênc}a) ~cea j{s rpawknha~a"

PKMAEMCIIL^

Haj`pk~ eknca~ |{k ln{~ìc~l il j{okp) ~ce plzþe)

~ce wkp |{k ~ac~ il anl~cþemk ia jc~ja |{k n{irìc~4

~c nae le~cl ~ce cf{li

~aicnc}ìc~ ~{ mk~mãe)rap |{ã |{kpãc~ |{k a`pke `cke~c il~ cenc}ìc~ li jli1

Nae ki glwap s ki mk~mãe}keãc~ naemcncþe cf{li)

|{koìemaa~) ~c a~ }pl}le jli)`{piìemaa~) ~c a~ |{ckpke `cke%

Arcecþe) ecef{el flel)r{k~ il |{k jì~ ~k pknl}l)

~c ea a~ lmjc}k) k~ cefpl}l)s ~c a~ lmjc}k) k~ icwclel%

^ckjrpk }le eknca~ lemìc~|{k) nae mk~cf{li ecwki)l {el n{irìc~ rap np{ki

s l a}pl rap gìnci n{irìc~%

±R{k~ naja hl mk k~}lp }kjrilmlil |{k w{k~}pa ljap rpk}kemk1)

±~c il |{k k~ cefpl}l agkemk)s il |{k k~ gìnci keglml1

±A n{ìi k~ mk jì~ n{irlp)l{e|{k n{li|{ckpl jli hlfl4

il |{k rknl rap il rlfla ki |{k rlfl rap rknlp1

]ckek |{k iikflp il Ci{~}plncþe rlpl |{k lif{ea~ k~npc}apk~ naja Japl}êekjrikke ki }kl}pa naja jkmca rlpl mke{enclp) ~cea }aml ~{ ~c}{lncþe) li jkea~il jlil km{nlncþe |{k ~k il~ ml l il~ ecül~







<6

KI ^Ê MK IL^ ECÜL^ (<82<#

Ke il a`pl Ki ^ê mk il~ Ecül~ k~npc}a rap Japl}êe kxricnl naja nl~l`le lil~ nhcnl~ oþwkek~ ~ce }kekp ke n{ke}l ~{~ ~ke}cjcke}a~% Pknapmkja~ |{k ã~}lgapjl mk ln}{lp sl il hkja~ najke}lma ke ia~ rlmpk~ mk Jkic`kl ke IlNkik~}cel%

Ki nlpìn}kp mk il a`pl k~ mcmìn}cna naja nappk~raemk li }kl}pa mkiekanil~cnc~ja) rile}kl {e rpa`ikjl na}cmclea s mk~rpkemk {el ke~külezlnaegapjk l ia~ mcn}lma~ mk il plzþe) sl |{k ~{ gce k~ npc}cnlp il l{}apcmlm |{kkokpnke ia~ rlmpk~ ~a`pk ~{~ hcol~ pk~rkn}a li jl}pcjaeca) a`icfìemail~ l }ajlprap jlpcma li jkoap rlp}cma gcelenckpa% K~}l a`pl lmkile}l il cf{limlm mk ilj{okp ke il ~anckmlm) lecjlema r{k~) l pkn}cgcnlp il~ na~}{j`pk~ s }plmcncaek~mk ~{ }ckjra%

L gcelik~ mki ~cfia XWCCC) K~rlül ~k ken{ke}pl kew{ki}l ke il Pkwai{ncþeGplenk~l nae ~{~ nlj`ca~ ce}kikn}{lik~ s ic`kplik~ ke}pk ia~ ci{~}plma~% Kek~}l~ nappcke}k~ mk cmkl~ kenae}plja~ l {el mk il~ rpcjkpl~ gkjcec~}l~ |{k

g{k Jlps Vaii~}aeknplg}) elncml ke <6;3%Vaii~}aeknplg} lpf{jke}l |{k il~j{okpk~ ea ~ae rap el}{plikzl cegkpcapk~ li haj`pk) ~cea |{k rlpknke ~kpia







<8

rap|{k ea pknc`ke il jc~jl km{nlncþe% Lpf{jke}l |{k haj`pk~ s j{okpk~ mk`kpêle ~kp }pl}lma~ naja ~kpk~ plncaelik~ k cjlfcel {e apmke ~ancli `l~lma

ke il plzþe %Li nae}plpca mk il~ a`pl~ le}kpcapk~) ke Ki ^ê mk il Ecül~) kenae}plja~ l

j{okpk~ pk~cfelml~) nappcke}k~) mþncik~ s ~kpì ki haj`pk ki |{k ln}ÿk naenilpcwcmkencl s nae `{ke o{cnca? nae il plzþe rparcl mk il ci{~}plncþe) s mkgckemlki mkpknha mk il j{okp l nl~lp~k rap ljap%

MAE MCKFA*? Wk l|{ê ia~ gp{}a~ mk il km{nlncþe% K~}a k~ ia |{k ~k iiljlp npclp `cke l {el ecül? ke~külpil l |{k mk~jcke}l s |{k an{i}k il~ rl~caek~ jì~ ceanke}k~ nae {el rãpgcml mc~cj{ilncþe% Il~ o{zfle haek~}l~ i{kfa |{k il~ wke ce~}p{cml~ ke ki lp}k mk nliilp s jke}cp% ^k a`~}cele ke |{k ki

}kjrkpljke}a) il kmlm ec ki fkeca ea hle mk }kekp cegi{kencl lif{el ke ~{~ cenicelncaek~) a ke |{k ~{ wai{e}lm hl mk }apnkp~k li nlrpcnha |{cke il~ fa`ckpel% ]ama ~k il~ rkpjc}k) jkea~ il ~cenkpcmlm% Nae }li |{k ea mcfle ia |{k ~cke}ke) nae il mk |{k gceole làppknkp ia |{k jì~ mk~kle) nae }li |{k ~k rpk~}le l rpae{enclp) n{lema ~k ia jlemke) ec ~c rkpo{pa) ~lnpêikfa) apcfke mk }le}a~ k~nìemlia~) sl k~}ìe `cke npclml~) s ~k iiljl kxnkike}k km{nlncþe il |{k ce~rcpl ke kiil~ ki }kjap) il l~}{ncl s ki ~cikenca mk {e k~nilwa %

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ki nckia% S kpl {e haj`pk |{k) jkoaplema ia rpk~ke}k) ea k~ ra~cìk hliilpik mk jì~ pk~rk}a) jì~ nl`liikpa~a% R{k~) rlpl ~kpwcp l {~}km sl }keêl ia~ ncen{ke}l s ~kc~) j{s ilpfa~ mk }liik) n{lema ~k nl~a naejcfa %

Lhapl) maül Cpkek n{ke}l |{k ke k~l ãranl il~ nhcnl~ ea ramêlemk~a`kmknkp l ~{~ rlmpk~? MAÜL CPKEK* ^ce nae}lp nae ~{ jlmpk%%% Naja ~c }li jlmpk ea }{wckpl%%%¬Jcpk {~}km |{ã o{cnca mk ecül ã~}k, \{k rap|{k hl wcwcma {e rana mk }ckjra ke}pk jaeol~) sl ~k il r{~a ke il nl`kzl ki ~kp kiil jaeol }lj`cãe%%% Ec |{ã ke}ckemk kiil mk k~a) ec |{ã%%% Ke }ama~ ia~ k~}lma~ ~k ~cpwk l Mca~) Gplenc~|{c}l4 rkpa ki najrilnkp l ~{ jlmpk) l~c~}cpil) lnajrlülpil s ~kp ki nae~{kia mk ~{~ }pl`loa~) ã~l k~ il rpcjkpl aìcflncþe mk {el hcol a`kmcke}k%%% S ~ãrlia {~}km) ~c ea ia ~l`k %

Hl~}l lhapl hkja~ aêma l il~ j{okpk~ iljke}lp~k mk ~{ ~c}{lncþe l ilwkz |{k kewcmcle il ic`kp}lm s rpkppafl}cwl~ mk ia~ haj`pk~% ]lj`cãe hkja~aêma li napa rpagk}czlp nlj`ca~ ke ki g{}{pa (Jkmkl#% Il~ hkja~ wc~}a m{mlp mkirap|{ã mk ~{ ~c}{lncþe) ~ce ke}kemkp |{cãe a |{ckek~ a |{k ncpn{e~}lencl~ ik~hle pkikflma l k~l ~c}{lncþe (Jkic`kl#% A}pl~ hle w{ki}a ia~ aoa~ l il hc~}apclrlpl pklgcpjlp~k ke |{k ~ae nlrlnk~ mk hlnkp ia |{k hlnk mk n{li|{ckphaj`pk(Npc~}cel mk Rczle#% Lif{el hl kxricnlma nþja hl k~nafcma ~{ agcncarlpl nae~kf{cp ~{ cemkrkemkencl (Lpk{~l# l rk~lp mk cp nae}pl il~ eapjl~

k~}lìkncml~% ) rap ÿi}cja) hkja~ wc~}a npc}cnlp il maìk japli rap il |{k ~kj{kwke ia~ haj`pk~%







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Ke ki lrlp}lma ~cf{cke}k) Ncrpcle) Mcjc}pc s Jahljkm ea~ wle l

rpk~ke}lp l j{okpk~ |{k l`pckpae nljcea l il~ j{okpk~ mk~mk ~{ rlp}cncrlncþeln}cwl ke ia~ }pc`{elik~) ke il raiê}cnl a ke l~anclncaek~ s ea~ wle l kxricnlp~{~ rpcencrlik~ jawcjcke}a~ s rlp}cma~%

^[GPLFC^JA S JAWCJCKE]A GKJCEC^]L

Naja hkja~ wc~}a ke ki }pl`loa mk ic}kpl}{pl hknha rap e{k~}pl~najrlükpl~? l ia ilpfa mk ia~ ~cfia~) il j{okp k~}{wa ~{àpmcelml snaemcncaelml rap ki rlmpk a ki jlpcma s ~{ ilàp ~k pkm{nêl l il npclezl mk ia~hcoa~ s ki n{cmlma mk il nl~l% L{e|{k il jlsapêl }pl`lol`l ke ki nljra) ke ia~najkpnca~ a ke lif{ea~ }liikpk~) ~{ lrap}lncþe ~k nae~cmkpl`l najrikjke}lpcll il mk ~{ nþes{fk) |{k kpl il |{k nae~}l`l agcnclijke}k% Il j{okp ke il~anckmlm mki ~cfia XWCCC hl an{rlma naja pkfil fkekpli {el ra~cncþe~{àpmcelml nae pk~rkn}a li haj`pk ke il~ ~anckmlmk~ |{k le}knkmke l illn}{licmlm% K~}l ra~cncþe ~kn{emlpcl ~k hl wc~}a ~ckjrpk icflml l {elmk}kpjcelml k~}p{n}{pl gljciclp |{k mcgkpkencl`l li ia~ paik~ mk fãekpa%







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Ke}pk ki ~cfia XCX s najckeza~ mki XX) ia~ haj`pk~ iafplpae il cf{limlmraiê}cnl rap jkmca mki ~{gplfca s ki pknaeancjcke}a mk ~{ naemcncþe mk

nc{mlmlea~ mk rikea mkpknha) rkpa il~ j{okpk~ ea mc~gp{}lpae mki jc~japknaeancjcke}a hl~}l j{nha jl~ }lpmk% Rap k~}l plzþe {el~ mk kiil~najkezlpae l pkniljlp il cf{limlm o{pêmcnl nae ia~ haj`pk~ l }plwã~ mki wa}a a~{gplfca%

Ki jawcjcke}a ~{gplfc~}l ~k cecnca ke ia~ rlê~k~ lefia~loaek~ najaPkcea [ecma s K~}lma~ [ecma~%

Ke il rpcjkpa f{kppl j{emcli rkpjc}cþ ki lnnk~a jl~cwa mk il j{okp lr{k~}a~ mk }pl`loa g{kpl mk nl~l% K~}a nae}pc`{sþ l |{k mk~r{ã~ mk ilnae}ckeml ~k pknaeanckpl ki wa}a gkjkecea ke lif{ea~ rlê~k~? Pkcea [ecma s

P{~cl ke <3<8) ^{kncl ke <3<3) K~}lma~ [ecma~ ke <302 s K~rlül ke <3><%A}pl~ pkcecnclncaek~ cjrap}le}k~ mki jawcjcke}a gkjkecea ke k~l ãranl g{k ilcf{limlm km{nl}cwl% Mk~mk <3<3 ~k g{k fkekpliczlema ki lnnk~a mk il~ j{okpk~l il ke~külezl ~kn{emlpcl) l{e|{k ~k iikflml l il {ecwkp~cmlm ~aia ~keapjlicza }pl~ il ~kf{eml f{kppl j{emcli%

Ke il~ ÿi}cjl~ mãnlml~ mki ~cfia XX) il~ j{okpk~ anncmke}lik~ k|{crlpae~{~ mkpknha~ l ia~ mk ia~ haj`pk~% Rkpa il cf{limlm ikfli ea ~k jlecgk~}þ ke ilpklicmlm s il~ jke}licmlmk~ ~kf{êle mc~npcjcelema l il j{okp% Ke ki lüa <372)ki jawcjcke}a gkjcec~}l ~k ce}ke~cgcna) k~rknclijke}k ke il elncþe jì~cem{~}pcliczlml? Ki gkjcec~ja k~ {el cmkaiafêl s {e naeo{e}a mk jawcjcke}a~

raiê}cna~) n{i}{plik~ s knaeþjcna~ |{k }ckeke naja a`ok}cwa il cf{limlm mkmkpknha~ ke}pk haj`pk~ s j{okpk~%

Il j{okp pkrpk~ke}l`l il jc}lm mk il h{jlecmlm s {e }kpnca mk il jleamk a`pl) ~aia pknc`êl {el mãncjl rlp}k mki ~lilpca mk ia~ haj`pk~ s ra~kêljkea~ mk {el nke}ã~cjl rlp}k mk il rparckmlm% Nae ia~ jawcjcke}a~gkjcec~}l~) hle nae~kf{cma |{k ia~ rlp}cma~ raiê}cna~) ia~ ~cemcnl}a~ s il~apfleczlncaek~ ~anclik~ ceni{skple jì~ jckj`pa~ gkjkecea~) s |{k ia~fa`ckpea~ k ce~}c}{ncaek~ rpk~ke}ke jlsap l}kencþe l il ~c}{lncþe mk il j{okp%[e fple cjr{i~a rap il cf{limlm g{k il CW naegkpkencl j{emcli ~a`pk il j{okp<33;) ke il |{k <8< k~}lma~ gcpjlpae {e naewkeca rlpl il kicjcelncþe mk }aml~il~ gapjl~ mk mc~npcjcelncþe mk il~ j{okpk~%

Il ~c}{lncþe mk il j{okp ke il ln}{licmlm k~ |{k lÿe rkpnc`ke ki 6;+ mkil pkj{ekplncþe mk ia~ haj`pk~ rap ki jc~ja }cra mk }pl`loa) ~aia {e <+ mk ia~r{k~}a~ mk jlsap pk~rae~l`cicmlm k~ mk~kjrkülma rap j{okpk~) jcke}pl~ |{kil~ gãjcel~ pkliczle ke}pk ki 72+ s ki 82+ mk ia~ }pl`loa~ |{k ~k nae~cmkplerpknlpca~ a cegapjlik~ ke }ama ki j{ema%

GKJCEC^]L^ K^RLÜAIL^

WCN]APCL DKE]% G{k il rpcjkpl j{okp k~rlüail |{k ce}kpwcea najal`aflma le}k ia~ }pc`{elik~%







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Lgciclml li Rlp}cma Plmcnli ânclic~}l) a`}{wa {e ln}l mk mcr{}lml ke il~kiknncaek~ mk <3>< s) m{ple}k ki mk`l}k rlpiljke}lpca mki rpaskn}a mk

nae~}c}{ncþe) ~k ar{~a l il naenk~cþe mki ~{gplfca ln}cwa mk il j{okp kecf{limlm mk naemcncaek~ nae ki haj`pk) rap nae~cmkplp |{k il gli}l mkgapjlncþe mk il~ j{okpk~ ea flple}czl`l ki lrasa l {el pkrÿìcnl ic`kpli smkjanpì}cnl%

Mk~cfelml m{ple}k il CC Pkrÿìcnl mcpkn}apl fkekpli mk rpc~caek~ (<3><*<3>=#) linlezþ fple rar{ilpcmlm rap ~{~ ce}ke}a~ mk pkgapjl mki ~c~}kjlrkec}kenclpca k~rlüai%

G{k ~ancl g{emlmapl s wcnkrpk~cmke}l mki Icn{ke Ni{` npklma ke Jlmpcm(<307# rlpl mk`l}cp ic`pkjke}k }ama~ ia~ rpaìkjl~ mk il naemcncþe gkjkecel%G{k kikfcml mcr{}lml ke il~ kiknncaek~ mk <3>< s <3>7% Kxciclml li }ãpjcea mkil F{kppl Ncwci) jlpnhþ l Gplencl s ~k }pl~ilmþ ra~}kpcapjke}k l Jãxcna%

Mk~lppaiiþ {el cjrap}le}k ilàp ce}kikn}{li mk~mk il mcpknncþe mk il pkwc~}lC`ãpcnl% R{ìcnþ }lj`cãe a`pl~ naja N{l}pa lüa~ ke Rlpêl (<3=6# s N{l}palüa~ mk jc wcml (<368#% Ke <368 pkfpk~þ l K~rlül) l{e|{k ~cf{cþjle}keckema ~{ pk~cmkencl ke E{kwl Sapd) nc{mlm maemk j{pcþ%

MAIAPK^ C@ÌPP[PC FÞJK_) iiljlml Rl~caelpcl? Elncþ ke raìlncþewcznlêel mk Fliilp}l (ke il ln}{licmlm mk~rilzlml mk ~{ {`cnlncþe apcfceli rap{el kxria}lncþe jcekpl# rkp}kekncke}k li j{ecncrca mk L`le}a s Ncãpwlel (Rlê~Wl~na# ki 3 mk mcnckj`pk mk <83; ke ki ~kea mk {el gljcicl jcekpl% ^{ rlmpkkpl {e a`pkpa nae cmkaiafêl nlpic~}l mk rpankmkencl wl~nl s ~{ jlmpk kpl mkrpankmkencl nl~}kiilel% Rl~caelpcl mk~}lnþ naja mcpcfke}k raiê}cnl ke il

^kf{eml Pkrÿìcnl K~rlüail s ke il F{kppl Ncwci% Hc~}þpcnl mcpcfke}k mkiRlp}cma Naj{ec~}l mk K~rlül% L ~{ i{nhl raiê}cnl {ecþ il i{nhl rap ia~mkpknha~ mk il~ j{okpk~ rlpl mkja~}plp |{k il~ j{okpk~) g{k~ke mk ilnaemcncþe |{k g{k~ke) kple ~kpk~ ic`pk~ rlpl kikfcp ~{ mk~}cea%

GKMKPCNL JAE]^KES JLÜÃ? G{k {el raiê}cnl s ~cemcnlic~}llelp|{c~}l k~rlüail% G{k jcec~}pl m{ple}k il CC Pkrÿìcnl k~rlüail) ~ckema ilrpcjkpl j{okp ke an{rlp {e nlpfa jcec~}kpcli ke il K{parl Anncmke}li%

Kpl hcol mk ia~ }lj`cãe lelp|{c~}l~ O{le Jae}~kes s ]kpk~l Jlüã)naeancma~ rap ia~ ~k{mþecja~ mk Gkmkpcna [plik~ s âikmlm F{~}lwapk~rkn}cwljke}k) |{ckek~ kmc}l`le Il Pkwc~}l @ilenl) r{ìcnlncþe mk~}lnlmlmke}pa mki rke~ljcke}a ic`kp}lpca k~rlüai m{ple}k ki rpcjkp }kpnca mki ~cfia XX%Najkezþ l k~npc`cp s ke <30<) nae ~aia <7 lüa~) r{ìcnl ~{ rpcjkpl eawkilnap}l) }c}{ilml Hapl~ ]pìfcnl~% Ke <30> najckezl l nailàplp ke âicmlpcmlmA`pkpl s ke Il Pkwc~}l @ilenl hl~}l <3>7% ^{ rpcjkpl eawkil ilpfl Il Wcn}apcl)~k kmc}l ke <30;%Ke <3>2 ~k {ek l Fkpjceli K~fikl~) }lj`cãelelpna~cemcnlic~}l) ~ckema rlmpk~ mk }pk~ hcoa~? Wcml (<3>>#) Fkpjceli (<3>8# s@ilenl (<3=0#% Ke <3>< ~k lgcicl l il NE] maemk ke ia~ lüa~ ~cf{cke}k~linlezlpì fple rpa}lfaec~ja fplncl~ l ~{~ ma}k~ mk fple aplmapl ke}pk a}pl~plzaek~% Ke <3>0 iikwl l nlà {el fcpl rparlflemê~}cnl rap Lemli{nêl |{ki{kfa rpa~kf{cpêl rap }aml K~rlül s li lüa ~cf{cke}k rlp}cncrl ke Rlpê~ ke {e

jc}ce mk rpa}k~}l ~a`pk il pkrpk~cþe ke Nl~l~ Wckol~%







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JLPFLPC]L EKIDKE JLE^@KPFKP? G{k {el k~npc}apl s raiê}cnlk~rlüail) {el mk il~ pkrpk~ke}le}k~ mki cencrcke}k jawcjcke}a gkjcec~}l ke

K~rlül m{ple}k il mãnlml mk <3>2% Naeancml rap ~{ mkncmcml ln}{lncþe raiê}cnlm{ple}k il ^kf{eml Pkrÿìcnl s il F{kppl Ncwci) Jlpflpc}l Ekidke }lj`cãemk~}lnþ naja npê}cnl mk lp}k) rkpcamc~}l s k~npc}apl mk~mk j{s }kjrplel kmlm%Hcol mk {el gplenk~l s mk {e oaskpa k~rlüai) ljà~ mk~nkemcke}k~ mk o{mêa~likjlek~% Jlpflpc}l pknc`cþ {el km{nlncþe k~jkplml |{k ~k }plm{oa ke}kjrplel~ cenicelncaek~ hlncl il rce}{pl) il~ ik}pl~ s il jÿ~cnl% Il~ l`lemaeþke rikel o{wke}{m rlpl mkmcnlp~k li ln}cwc~ja raiê}cna s ~ancli%Lnl`lja~ mk wkp naja il~ j{okpk~ l`lemaele ki rpa}lfaec~ja mk ia~ ic`pa~rlpl an{rlp il nliik) il arcecþe rÿìcnl s ki k~rlnca raiê}cna% Lhapl Jlpckil)Cmacl s ]ljlp) ea~ hlìle mk nþja hle cma nlilema ~{~ cmkl~ ke ia~ mc~}ce}a~fa`ckpea~ s mk il~ raiê}cnl~ mk cf{limlm mk fãekpa |{k kxc~}ke ke ia~ mc~}ce}a~

rlê~k~%

KWAI[NCÞE MK IL ^C][LNCÞEMK IL J[OKP KE K^RLÜL

^cf{ckema il~ nilwk~ mki ~c~}kjl rl}pclpnli il~ j{okpk~ ~ae) le}k }ama)jlmpk (k~ra~l~) hcol~) hkpjlel~#) jlmpk~ ke ra}kencl) s naja }li }ckeke kimk`kp mk mlp s nae~kpwlp il wcml) an{rlp~k mk il ~ancliczlncþe mk ia~ hcoa~)







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n{cmlp mki `ckek~}lp mk il gljcicl% Rkpa il~ j{okpk~) ke ki jlpna mk {el~pkilncaek~ mk rpam{nncþe mk}kpjcelml~) lm|{ckpke }lj`cãe naenckencl mk

nil~k% Ia~ rpk~{r{k~}a~ gljciclpk~ j{s mk`cic}lma~ ik~ iikwlpae l `{~nlp }pl`loag{kpl mk nl~l rkpa ~{ ~{kima k|{cwliêl l il jc}lm mki ~{kima mk {e haj`pk%

Il jlsapêl mk il~ }pl`lolmapl~ ke ki rpcjkp n{lp}a mki ~cfia XX kple~ai}kpl~ ik~ ~kf{êle il~ wc{ml~ s ke ÿi}cja i{flp il~ nl~lml~%

Il ikfc~ilncþe mk nap}k rl}kpelic~}l ja}cwa {el~ iksk~ `l~lml~ ke ~{~{r{k~}l cegkpcapcmlm s mk`cicmlm gê~cnl s r~ê|{cnl mk k~}k ~kn}ap mk ilraìlncþe% Ke nae~kn{kencl) icjc}l`l ~{ oapelml ilàpli) pk~}pcefêl il~ hapl~ srpahc`êl ki }pl`loa ean}{pea%

Pk~rkn}a l il a`pkpl kj`lplzlml {el iks mk <300 pk~rk}l`l l il j{okpki r{k~}a mk }pl`loa le}k~ s mk~r{ã~ mki rlp}a% Il~ jlmpk~ nae hcoa~ ke kirkpcama mk iln}lencl ramêle mc~raekp mk {el hapl rlpl ljljle}lp l ~{~rk|{küa~% Rkpa ~c il jlmpk kpl ~ai}kpl ea ~k ~k ik lricnl`l il jc~jlikfc~ilncþe%

Lipkmkmap mk <302 npc~}liczl {el naenckencl ~{gplfc~}l |{k ~k ril~jl ke{e l~anclncaec~ja gkjkecea mk nil~k jkmcl s fp{ra~ mk k~}k }cra lrlpknke keki ce}kpcap mk ia~ ~cemcnl}a~ naja il [F]%

Il~ pkcwcemcnlncaek~ jì~ naj{ek~ kple il k|{crlplncþe mki ~lilpca nae

ki mk ia~ wlpaek~ s il oapelml ilàpli mk 8 hapl~%

G{emljke}lijke}k ki }pl`loa mk il~ j{okpk~ ea k~ pknaeancma ke ia~jc~ja~ }ãpjcea~ |{k ki mk ia~ haj`pk~ mk`cma l mk~cf{limlmk~ k~rkncgcnl~ mkapcfke ~kx{li s il mcgkpkenclncþe ke}pk ki rlrki rpam{n}ap mk ia~ haj`pk spkrpam{n}ap mk il~ j{okpk~% L{e l~ê) ~k ik~ l}pc`{sk kjrika~ lmkn{lma~ najajlk~}pl~ r{kpcn{i}apl~ a kegkpjkpl~%

MK IL PKRß@ICNL LI GPLE\[C^JA

Ke K~rlül ~ckjrpk hl`êl kxc~}cma mke}pa mk il nappcke}k mk rke~ljcke}amkjanpì}cna {e nckp}a eÿjkpa mk pkcwcemcnlncaek~ l glwap mk il~ j{okpk~?

Il mke{encl mk il ~c}{lncþe naes{fli) n{i}{pli a o{pêmcnl ke}pk ia~k~ra~a~ kpl {el mk kiil~% Il }aikplencl le}k ki lm{i}kpca mki jlpcma) il fplenle}cmlm mk hcoa~ cikfê}cja~ s il fple nle}cmlm mk kegkpjkmlmk~ wkeãpkl~nl{~lml~ a rap il rpa~}c}{ncþe) hlncl {pfke}k {el e{kwl ikfc~ilncþe%

Ki mcwapnca ~k nae~cmkpl`l {el rk}cncþe plzaelìk% Nae il iikflml mk ilpkrÿìcnl il~ j{okpk~ pkniljle }lj`cãe ki wa}a s ~k `kekgcncle mk {e ~kf{pa mkjl}kpecmlm s mk ramkp ~kp kikfcml~ rlpl nlpfa~ raiê}cna~%







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Rkpa fple nle}cmlm mk pkr{ìcnlea~ jle}keêle ln}c}{mk~ jc~þfcel~ sl~ê mkgkemêle |{k il el}{plikzl mk il j{okp k~ hc~}ãpcnl s |{k ~aia ramêle wa}lp

plncaelijke}k mk~r{ã~ mk il jkearl{~cl%<¯ ÃRANL% KE]PK F[KPPL^

^k mcg{emk ki jke~lok mk Jlpcl Faspc?

Ki <0 mk L`pci <30= ~k r{ìcnl {e Pkli mknpk}a pknaeanckema ki wa}a mkil~ j{okpk~ ~ai}kpl~ s wc{ml~ s kxni{skema l il~ nl~lml~%

L rlp}cp mk <3>< mk~}lnle }pk~ j{okpk~ rap ~{ rpk~kencl ke il raiê}cnl?Nilpl Nljraljap |{k hcza rpkwliknkp ia~ mkpknha~ gkjkecea~ l il hapl mk

pkmln}lp ki àpplmap mk ia~ lp}ên{ia~ mk il e{kwl nae~}c}{ncþe%

Wcn}apcl Dke} |{k mk~kjrküa ki nlpfa mk mcpkn}apl Fkekpli mk Rpc~caek~nae jkmcml~ }le rpafpk~cwl~ |{k linlezlpae rpasknncþe ce}kpelncaeli%

Jlpflpc}l Ekidke fple mkgke~apl mki mcwapnca naja flple}êl mk ilmcfecmlm rkp~aeli%

Il raìlncþe gkjkecel ln}cwl ke k~l ãranl ~k ncgpl ke {el mc~jce{ncþerpafpk~cwl mk <322 |{k kpl {e <8)>0+ l {e <0)7; ke <3>2%Ke <3>0 ~k lrp{k`l il iks mki mcwapnca s mki jl}pcjaeca ncwci s ~k flple}czl ki

wa}a rlpl }aml~ il~ j{okpk~%

0¯ ÃRANL%<3>3 L <376

^k mkpafl il iks mki mcwapnca) mki jl}pcjaeca ncwci s il k~n{kil jcx}l%Ki g{kpa mki }pl`loa lrlp}l l il j{okp mki }pl`loa g{kpl mk nl~l rkpjc}ckema ilke~külezl s il ls{ml li jlpcma ke ki nljra s nkppìemail ra~c`cicmlm mklnnkmkp l r{k~}a~ naja làflma mki k~}lma) o{kz) jlfc~}plma) gc~nli) jkmcnamk rpc~caek~ k}n%

Ki }pl`loa jì~ mk~kjrkülma g{k ki ~kpwcnca majã~}cna) na~}{pkpl~)z{pncmapl~ k}n%

<3=2% Ki e{kwa pãfcjke kenl{zl il km{nlncþe gkjkecel hlncl {eaòk}cwa? il gljcicl s il jl}kpecmlm% S nleliczl il km{nlncþe aìcfl}apcl rlplk~}a~ gcek~ rap jkmca mk il ce~}l{plncþe rap mknpk}a mki ~kpwcnca ~ancli%

<3=6% \{kml k~}lìkncma ki wa}a ~ce mc~}cencþe mk ~kxa) pke}l eckm{nlncþe% Rap }le}a ~k pl}cgcnl ki wa}a rlpl il j{okp%

<3;>% Il Iks fkekpli mk Km{nlncþe ce~}l{pl il gapjlncþe rpagk~caeli

rlpl }pl`loa~ gkjkecea~%







0;

<3;;% K~rlül ke}pl ke il AE[ s ~k wke aìcflml l pkn}cgcnlp lif{ea~lp}ên{ia~ mki nþmcfa ncwci s naenpk}ljke}k ~a`pk il j{okp s il gljcicl% ^k g{eml

il l~anclncþe mk il~ j{okpk~ {ecwkp~c}lpcl~%<37<% ^k najckezl l rkpjc}cp ki }pl`loa l il~ j{okpk~ nl~lml~

cemkrkemcke}kjke}k mk il pke}l gljciclp%

<37;% ^k apfleczl ki jawcjcke}a Mkjanpì}cna mk J{okpk~%

<377% ^k rkpjc}k l il j{okp lnnkmkp li r{k~}a~ mk o{kz a gc~nli%

<373% ^k npkl il ~knncþe mk ia~ mkpknha~ mk il j{okp mke}pa mkimkrlp}ljke}a mk ia~ mkpknha~ h{jlea~%

<362% Il iks fkekpli mk km{nlncþe k~}lìknk il k~n{kil jcx}l%

>¯ ÃRANL <36; L <382 (]PLE^CNCÞE#

<36;% Lüa ce}kpelncaeli mk il j{okp |{k k~ lrpawknhlma rlpl hlnkprÿìcnl il ~c}{lncþe mk il j{okp ke K~rlül%

<36;% Mk~lrlpknk rap iks il eknk~cmlm mki rkpjc~a jlpc}li%

<367% Il iks mk pkilncaek~ ilàplìk~ k|{crlpl ia~ mkpknha~ ilàplìk~

mk il~ j{okp l ia~ mki wlpþe ~liwa ke ~c}{lncaek~ pkilncaelml~ nae iljl}kpecmlm%

<38<% Lrlpknk il iks mki mcwapnca s ~k nae~cf{k il rl}pcl ra}k~}lmnajrlp}cml s ~k pkgapjl li nþmcfa rkeli pk~rkn}a l il ikfliczlncþe mkle}cnaenkr}cwa~ s làp}a hlnckema mk~lrlpknkp ia~ mkic}a~ rap plzþe mknaem{n}l ~kx{li) naja ki lm{i}kpca s ljlenk`ljcke}a%

=¯ KRANL (^cfia XXC#

0226) Il Iks mk Cf{limlm) n{sa }ê}{ia wkpmlmkpa k~ Iks Apfìecnl >!0226mk 00 mk jlpza) rlpl il cf{limlm kgkn}cwl mk j{okpk~ s haj`pk~) g{k lrpa`lmlrap il~ Nap}k~ Fkekplik~ mk K~rlül) s r{ìcnlml ke ki @AK e¿ 6< mk0>!>!0226%

K~}l Iks ke}pþ ke wcfap rkpa k~}ì pkn{ppcml le}k ki ]pc`{eliNae~}c}{ncaeli rap rlp}k mki Rlp}cma Rar{ilp rpcencrlijke}k ki lp}cn{ilma |{klgkn}l l il~ naemcncaek~ mk rlpcmlm kxcfcml ke il~ ic~}l~ mk il~ nlemcml}{pl~ lil~ mcgkpke}k~ kiknncaek~ |{k ~k rpam{nke ke K~rlül%







07

IL MC^NPCJCELNCÞE MK IL J[OKP KE L^CL

Il ~c}{lncþe mk il j{okp ke L~cl k~ }le najrikol naja il~ mcgkpkencl~raiê}cnl~ s knaeþjcnl~ mk ia~ rlê~k~ |{k ce}kfple k~}k wl~}a nae}ceke}k%

L~ê jcke}pl~ ke knaeajêl~ mk~lppaiilml~ naja il olraek~l a il nhcel)il~ j{okpk~ hle iafplma ~cfecgcnl}cwa~ lwlenk~) ke rlê~k~ naja Lgflec~}ìe aRldc~}ìe ki rk~a mk il~ }plmcncaek~ cjrcmke il cf{limlm ke}pk haj`pk~ s

j{okpk~%K~}l k~ il ~c}{lncþe mk il j{okp }pl`lolmapl ke lif{ea~ mk k~}a~ rlê~k~?

OLRÞE

]pl~ ki gceli mk il ^kf{eml F{kppl J{emcli) Olrþe rpaj{ifþ ke <3=6{el Nae~}c}{ncþe |{k flple}czl il cf{limlm mk ~kxa~%

^ce kj`lpfa) k~}k rpcencrca ea ~k hl n{jricma mki }ama s ~cf{k rk~lemaj{nha ki nlpìn}kp rl}pclpnli mk il gljcicl) hl~}l ki kx}pkja mk |{k lif{ea~

jckj`pa~ mki Fa`ckpea hle pk~rae~l`ciczlma l il~ j{okpk~ s ~{~ le~cl~il`aplik~ mk il nlêml mk il el}licmlm%







06

Le}k }lik~ j{k~}pl~ mk jlnhc~ja) ea k~ mk kx}plülp |{k ke Olrþe {e

eÿjkpa nlml wkz jlsap mk j{okpk~ mkncmle |{kmlp~k ~ai}kpl~ s mc~gp{}lp mk ~{cemkrkemkencl s ãxc}a ilàpli) ~ancli s knaeþjcna%

Il Iks mk Cf{limlm mk Arap}{ecmlm mk Kjrika mk <387 rparapncaeþ kijlpna ikfli eknk~lpca rlpl ~liwlf{lpmlp ia~ mkpknha~ ilàplik~ mk il~j{okpk~) rkpa }lj`cãe ke k~}k nl~a) il~ mk~cf{limlmk~ ~cf{ke rl}ke}k~ ke ia~~lilpca~ s ke il~ arap}{ecmlmk~ rlpl r{k~}a~ mcpkn}cwa~ ke il~ kjrpk~l~%

NHCEL

Ke ki ln}{li Rile \{ce|{keli (0227*<2# mki Fa`ckpea nhcea) il j{okp

pkrpk~ke}l "il g{kpzl |{k rpajawkpì ki rpafpk~a ~ancli s ki mk~lppaiia"%

Ki eÿjkpa mk j{okpk~ mcr{}lml~ ke}pk ia~ 0386 jckj`pa~ mk ilL~ljìkl Elncaeli Rar{ilp (LER# ~k jle}ckek ke ki 02 rap ncke}a mk~mk ia~lüa~ 82% Il ncgpl k~ ceni{~a cegkpcap l il mk il mãnlml mk <332) n{lema {e 0<rap ncke}a mk ia~ mcr{}lma~ kple j{okpk~) rap ia |{k ia~ wlpaek~ ~cf{kemajcelema il raiê}cnl nhcel%

Ke 022; il LER pkwc~þ il Iks mk Rpa}knncþe mk ia~ Mkpknha~ k Ce}kpk~k~mk il J{okp) pkgapzþ il rpa}knncþe ikfli mk il~ gãjcel~ s ~küliþ |{k mk`êlek~}lìknkp~k n{a}l~) l{e|{k k~}l~ ~ae wlpclìk~ s e{enl hle ~cma r{ìcnlml~%

LGFLEC^]ÌE

Il ~c}{lncþe mk il~ j{okpk~ ke Lgflec~}ìe hl nlj`clma~cfecgcnl}cwljke}k mk~mk il nlêml mki pãfcjke }lic`ìe l gcelik~ mk 022<) n{lema}keêle rpahc`cma cp li naikfca) kokpnkp {el rpagk~cþe s hl~}l ~licp mk nl~l ~ce cpn{`ckp}l~ nae ki }plmcncaeli "`{p|l"%

Ke il~ rpcjkpl~ kiknncaek~ rlpiljke}lpcl~ mk~r{ã~ mk <6 lüa~)nkik`plml~ ke ~kr}ckj`pk rl~lma) ~k pk~kpwlpae ki 06 rap ncke}a mk k~nlüa~rlpl il~ j{okpk~% ^ce kj`lpfa) ~cf{ke ~{gpckema mk jlekpl fkekpliczlml kilna~a knaeþjcna s ~ancli) s ~k wcaile ~{~ mkpknha~ jì~ `ì~cna~%

Nae k~}k rleapljl s ke ki kxcf{a jkpnlma ilàpli lgflea) il~ ranl~j{okpk~ }pl`lolmapl~ ~k kjrikle ke ki ~kn}ap lfpênail%

CEMCL

E{jkpa~a~ rpaìkjl~ npþecna~ lgkn}le l il ~c}{lncþe mk il j{okp ke ilCemcl% L ~{ k~nl~l pkrpk~ke}lncþe rlpiljke}lpcl) |{k ki Fa`ckpea |{ckpkl}ke{lp pk~kpwlema l il j{okp {el n{a}l mki >> rap ncke}a mk k~nlüa~) ~k

~{jle ilnpl~ naja il wcaikencl majã~}cnl%







08

Ki làp}a mk gk}a~ gkjkecea~) ki jli}pl}a l il~ ecül~ a ~{ l~k~cel}a hlrpawanlma |{k kxc~}l ke il Cemcl {el mcgkpkencl mk >0 jciiaek~ ke}pk il

raìlncþe jl~n{icel s il gkjkecel) lifa |{k rpkan{rl j{nha li Fa`ckpea kce}ke}l naj`l}cp%

K~ ~cfecgcnl}cwl lmkjì~ il mk~lrlpcncþe nl~c mkgcec}cwl mki pc}amkeajcelma "~l}c") ke ki |{k il wc{ml mk {e haj`pk j{kp}a mk`k japcp|{kjlml ke il jc~jl rcpl g{ekplpcl ke il |{k lpmk ki nlmìwkp mki k~ra~a%

Ki Fa`ckpea mk @lefilmk~h hl lrpa`lma il El}caeli VajkeMkwkiarjke} Raicns (EVMR# 02<<) |{k rpkwã il cf{limlm mk arap}{ecmlmk~rlpl il~ j{okpk~ ke jl}kpcl mk kjrika s }pl`loa% Il lrpa`lncþe ~k hl mlmam{ple}k il pk{ecþe ~kjleli mki fl`cek}k) rpk~cmcma rap ki Rpcjkp Jcec~}pa

^hkcdh Hl~cel ki 6 mk jlpza) {e mêl le}k~ mki Mêl Ce}kpelncaeli mk il J{okp% Ilraiê}cnl hl pk}ajlma il mki mk~lppaiia mk il~ j{okpk~ mki <336%

Ke {e naj{ecnlma kjc}cma rap ]hk Mlcis ^}lp) ki Jcec~}pa mk K~}lma rlplil n{k~}cþe mk il~ j{okpk~ s ia~ ecüa~ ^hcpce ^hlpjce Nhavmh{ps) hl mcnha |{k"il lrpa`lncþe mk il raiê}cnl mk mk~lppaiia mk il~ j{okpk~ hl npklma {el fplearap}{ecmlm rlpl il rpajancþe mki rlrki mk il j{okp" s hl lülmcma |{k "ilEVMR ea k~ {el iks s ea k~}ì ke nae}pl~}k nae ki mkpknha mk gljciclj{~{ijìe ec k~ {e a`~}ìn{ia li mkpknha mk ~{nk~cþe% Il raiê}cnl rpa}kfk ia~mkpknha~ mk }aml~ il~ j{okpk~ cemkrkemcke}kjke}k mk ~{ pkicfcþe"%

Ki Jcec~}pa }lj`cãe lrasl il eknk~cmlm mk rpaj{iflp e{kwl~ iksk~ rlplraekp ke rpìn}cnl ia~ mkpknha~ naja ki nae}pai rikea mk il }ckppl s mk ilrparckmlm) ia~ mkpknha~ l il ~li{m) il km{nlncþe) gapjlncþe) cegapjlncþe) l ilhkpkencl) li npãmc}a) l il }kneaiafêl s l il nlrlncmlm mk flelp% Ki EVMR}lj`cãe ceni{sk jkmcml~ rlpl ls{mlp l il~ j{okpk~ gê~cnl s jke}lijke}kw{iekplìk~ k mk il~ naj{ecmlmk~ cemêfkel~% Hl iikflma {el cewc}lncþe lrpa}kfkp ia~ mkpknha~ mk il j{okp ke il wê~rkpl mki Mêl Ce}kpelncaeli mk ilJ{okp) mki rpk~cmke}k _cii{p Plhjle s mki Rpcjkp Jcec~}pa ^hkcdh Hl~cel% Ki}kjl mk k~}k lüa k~ "Il cf{limlm mk lnnk~a l il km{nlncþe) l il gapjlncþe) lil nckencl s il~ }kneaiafêl~") {e pknappcma j{s cjrap}le}k rlpl rkpjc}cp |{k il~j{okpk~ }kefle {e }pl`loa mknke}k%

RLDC^]ÌE

Il~ j{okpk~ ke k~}k rlê~ ~{gpke il mc~npcjcelncþe mk ~kp nae~cmkplml~cegkpcapk~ l ia~ haj`pk~) l ia |{k ~k ~{jl |{k ki haeap mk ã~}a~ mkrkemk mkil~ lnncaek~ mk kiil~%

Ke}pk }aml~ il~ wcailncaek~ mk ia~ mkpknha~ mk il j{okp rl|{c~}leê) il|{k jlsap pknhlza hl rpawanlma ke il arcecþe rÿìcnl j{emcli hl ~cma il mkia~ iiljlma~ "l~k~cel}a~ mk haeap") ke ia~ |{k {el j{okp k~ l~k~celml rap ~{

"naem{n}l cejapli ln}{li a rkpnc`cml"%







03

Ia~ l~k~cel}a~ rap haeap k~}ìe rpahc`cma~ ke Rldc~}ìe s ki rpk~cmke}k)fkekpli J{~hlpplg) hl rpajk}cma i{nhlp nae}pl kiia~) rkpa ke pklicmlm k~}l~

rpìn}cnl~ ea ~ae rkp~kf{cml~ rap il lmjcec~}plncþe%GCICRCEL^

Il gli}l mk lnnk~a l {e r{k~}a mk }pl`loa s l il km{nlncþe ~cf{kecjrcmckema |{k il j{okp gcicrcel linlenk na}l~ mk pk~rae~l`cicmlm ke {el~anckmlm) maemk majcel ki najraeke}k rl}pclpnli s {e =2 rap ncke}a mk ilra`ilncþe wcwk `loa ki {j`pli mk il ra`pkzl%

K~ nckp}a |{k ma~ j{okpk~ rpk~cmckpae il jc}lm mk ia~ Fa`ckpea~ |{k~cf{ckpae l il nlêml mk il mcn}lm{pl ke <387) rkpa }lj`cãe ia k~ |{k k~l~

jleml}lpcl~) Naplzþe L|{cea s il ln}{li rpk~cmke}l) Fiapcl Jlnlrlfli Lppasa)rkp}keknke l il kic}k jceapc}lpcl |{k nae~kpwl ia~ ke}pk~coa~ mk {e ramkp |{k~cf{k k~}lema ke jlea~ mk ia~ haj`pk~%

Ke n{le}a li jkpnlma il`apli ianli) il jlsapêl mk il~ j{okpk~kjriklml~ ea n{ke}le nae nae}pl}a~ ikflik~ ec mc~gp{}le mk ia~ `kekgcnca~~anclik~ `ì~cna~) ~kfÿe ia~ kxrkp}a~%







>2

RAIC]CNL MK CF[LIMLM MK FÃEKPAKE LJÃPCNL

Ke Ljãpcnl ea kxc~}ke iksk~ k~rknêgcnl~ mk cf{limlm mk fãekpa) rkpa ~ca`~kpwl}apca) |{k k~ {e k~rlnca pkfcaeli mk mclfea~}cna s pkgikxcaele ~a`pk ia~lnckp}a~ s ia~ pk}a~ rkemcke}k ke ki nljcea hlncl {el rikel cf{limlm mk fãekpa%Ki a`~kpwl}apca mlpì ~kf{cjcke}a l il~ raiê}cnl~ rÿìcnl~ mk fãekpa%

Il~ raiê}cnl~ mk fãekpa ke fkekpli ~ae j{s l~c~}kenclic~}l~) ke il |{kil~ j{okpk~ ~ae wc~}l naja ~kn}apk~ w{iekplìk~ mk il raìlncþe) ea najalfke}k mk mkpknha s nc{mlmlea~ rap kiia ea l}ckemke eknk~cmlmk~ k~}pl}ãfcnl~mk il j{okp% Naja flple}czlp ½il cf{limlm mk arap}{ecmlmk~b lgcpja l ^KJLNNkncicl @lpplzl) mcpkn}apl mk il napraplncþe h{jlel~*Naiaj c̀l%

@lpplzl kxricnþ |{k ia~ apflec~ja~ pkn}apk~ mk il~ raiê}cnl~ rÿìcnl~ mkfãekpa ea ~k naj{ecnle li jc~ja ecwki nae ki pk~}a mk lrlpl}a mki k~}lma s

rap }le}a fkekple lnncaek~ lc~ilml~%







><

IL CF[LIMLM MK FÃEKPA S IA^ MKPKNHA^ H[JLEA^

Il cf{limlm mk fãekpa k~) le}k~ |{k elml) {e mkpknha h{jlea%Lmkjì~) k~ {el naemcncþe cemc~rke~l`ik rlpl ki mk~lppaiia s il pkm{nncþe mk ilra`pkzl% Il~ j{okpk~ nae}pc`{ske mk jlekpl cjrap}le}k l il ~li{m srpam{n}cwcmlm mk ~{~ gljcicl~ s naj{ecmlmk~ s) nae kiia) }lj`cãe jkoaple il~g{}{pl~ ra~c`cicmlmk~ mk ~{~ hcoa~% Ea a`~}le}k) il mc~npcjcelncþe hlncl il~j{okpk~ s il~ ecül~ *ceni{skema il wcaikencl `l~lml ke ki fãekpa) ilmc~npcjcelncþe knaeþjcnl s ke ~li{m pkrpam{n}cwl s il~ rpìn}cnl~ }plmcncaelik~rkpo{mcnclik~* nae}ceÿle rpag{emljke}k lpplcflml~%

Il cf{limlm mk fãekpa k~ {ea mk ia~ anha AMJ s k~ {e kikjke}a nilwkrlpl ramkp linlezlp il~ jk}l~ rpar{k~}l~ rap ia~ a}pa~ ~ck}k%

KXRPK^CAEK^ MK IL^ MK^CF[LIMLMK^MK FÃEKPA

KE LJÃPCNL IL]CEL S KI NLPC@K

Il jlsapêl mk il~ rkp~ael~ ra`pk~ ke Ljãpcnl Il}cel s ki Nlpc`k ~aej{okpk~ s oþwkek~ jkeapk~ mk >2 lüa~% Ke k~rkncli) j{okpk~ mk ~kn}apk~p{plik~) cemêfkel~ s lgpa mk~nkemcke}k~% Nl~c il jc}lm mk il~ j{okpk~ jlsapk~mk <; lüa~ nlpknk mk cefpk~a~ rparca~4 ki eÿjkpa mk haflpk~ jaearlpke}lik~







>0

kenl`kzlma~ rap kiil~ ~k hl cenpkjke}lma s ia~ haj`pk~ mkmcnlma~ li }pl`loaea pkj{ekplma ~ae {el jceapêl% Ki mk~kjrika gkjkecea s il rparapncþe mk

j{okpk~ an{rlml~ ke ~kn}apk~ mk `lol rpam{n}cwcmlm ~cf{ke ~ckema~c~}kjì}cnljke}k ~{rkpcapk~ l ia~ mk ia~ kenae}plma~ ke ki ~kn}ap jl~n{icea) ske lif{ea~ rlê~k~ ceni{~a ~k hle cenpkjke}lma% L rk~lp mk il npkncke}kce}kfplncþe mk il~ j{okpk~ li jkpnlma ilàpli) il rparapncþe mk haflpk~ ra`pk~nae okgl}{pl gkjkecel rl~þ mki 06+ ke <332 li >7+ ke ki 022;%

Kxc~}k {el pkilncþe mcpkn}l ke}pk ra`pkzl s kj`lplza ke lmaik~nke}k~%Ki cecnca mk il~ pkilncaek~ ~kx{lik~ s il~ {ecaek~ ke {el k}lrl }kjrplel) ljke{ma nae}pc`{ske l rkprk}{lp ia~ nêpn{ia~ mk ra`pkzl4 mcgcn{i}le ki lnnk~a mkecül~ s lmaik~nke}k~ l arap}{ecmlmk~ s li mk~lppaiia mk nlrlncmlmk~ |{k ik~rkpjc}le ce~kp}lp~k ln}cwljke}k ke il wcml rpam{n}cwl s ~ancli%

Il wcaikencl rap nl{~l~ mk fãekpa lgkn}l l {e eÿjkpa kikwlma mkj{okpk~% K~ {el mk il~ jlecgk~}lncaek~ jì~ kx}pkjl~ mk il mk~cf{limlm s ilmc~npcjcelncþe% K~ il w{iekplncþe jì~ kx}kemcml mk ~{~ mkpknha~ h{jlea~ snae~}c}{sk {e a`~}ìn{ia rlpl ki mk~lppaiia rpam{n}cwa s mkjanpì}cna%

RAIÊ]CNL^ MK CF[LIMLM MK FÃEKPA

Ke ia~ ÿi}cja~ lüa~ ~k hle kilàplma rilek~ a raiê}cnl~ elncaelik~ mkcf{limlm |{k hle nae}pc`{cma l il ce~}c}{ncaeliczlncþe mk il cf{limlm mk fãekpanaja {e rpcencrca s l il wkz {el jk}l mk ia~ fa`ckpea~ mk Ljãpcnl Il}cel s ki

Nlpc`k% [EGRL hl `pcemlma lrasa }ãnecna s gcelenckpa rlpl il kilàplncþe kcjrikjke}lncþe mk j{nhl~ mk kiil~%

00 jlpza 02<<? Ki ^liwlmap lrp{k`l il iks mk cf{limlm mk fãekpa% Ki^liwlmap%* Il L~ljìkl Ikfc~il}cwl mk Ki ^liwlmap lrpa`þ rap {elecjcmlm ilIks mk Cf{li s K|{cmlm mk Fãekpa) il n{li `{~nlpì kpplmcnlp il mk~cf{limlmke}pk haj`pk s j{okpk~ ke k~}k rlê~%

Il eapjl}cwl g{k pk~rlimlml rap ia~ 8= mcr{}lma~ mki Naefpk~a) kerpk~kencl mk il rpcjkpl mljl ~liwlmapkül) @leml Rcfel}a) s mk j{nhl~iêmkpk~ gkjcec~}l~ |{k iikflpae li pknce}a Ikfc~il}cwa rlpl hlnkp rpk~cþe%

Il Iks rkpjc}cpì |{k ki Jcec~}kpca mk ]pl`loa pkgapjk ~{ iks rlpl iafplp|{k ~k kwc}k il mc~npcjcelncþe ke ia~ nke}pa~ mk }pl`loa rlpl il~ j{okpk~ s il~|{k ~k nae~cmkpke wên}cjl~ rampìe mke{enclp ia~ hknha~% L~cjc~ja) il Iks mkCf{limlm) rile}kl |{k {el oawke k~}{mcle}k |{k pk~{i}k kj`lplzlml) ea rampìekfìp~kik ki lnnk~a l nae}ce{lp nae ~{~ k~}{mca~%

Il ikfc~ilncþe ce~}l l ia~ raiê}cna~ l rkpjc}cp |{k il~ j{okpk~ lnnkmlejì~ l nlpfa~ rÿìcna~ s rlp}cncrlncþe ke ia~ rpank~a~ mk wa}lncþe%

Ia~ jkmca~ mk naj{ecnlncþe ~ancli ea mk`kpìe mkecfplp l il~ j{okpk~ srpahc`cpik~ ki mkpknha |{k }ckeke l il cegapjlncþe%







>>

Ki lna~a ~kx{li nae}pl il~ j{okpk~ s mk il~ apfleczlncaek~ gkjcec~}l~

mk`kpì ~kp pknhlzlma l }plwã~ mk il rpajancþe mk nljrlül~)WCAIKENCL MK FÃEKPA

Cjlfêeke~k |{k lrlpknk {e nlmìwkp% K~ mk {el j{okp oawke% Iikwl glimlnap}l s il~ {ül~ mk ia~ rck~ rce}lml~% Il raicnêl mkncmk ea cewk~}cflp rapnae~cmkplp |{k ~k }pl}l mk {el rpa~}c}{}l% Naja ~c ki hknha mk ~kpia) mk |{kk~l oawke ia g{kpl) mckpl mkpknha l n{li|{ckpl l jl}lpil% Ki nl~a ~k lpnhcwl)naja mknkel~) naja nke}kelpk~ a}pa~% Rpa`l`ikjke}k ~k }pl}l`l ~þia mk {elj{nhlnhl |{k pkfpk~l`l l ~{ nl~l) rkpa |{ã jì~ ml% K~ j{okp s k~ oawke? ±llif{cke ik cjrap}l1

Ia~ l~k~cel}a~ mk j{okpk~ ~ae ~þia {el rlp}k mk {el `p{}li pklicmlm keil |{k jciiaek~ mk j{okpk~ ~ae h{jciilml~) ~ajk}cml~) fairklml~) jli}pl}lml~)wcailml~) nae l`~ai{}l cjr{ecmlm%

Ke ia~ ÿi}cja~ lüa~ jcik~ mk j{okpk~ hle j{kp}a ke Ljãpcnl Il}celwên}cjl~ mki gkjcecncmca%

’Niì~cna~ I{el‚ najrlüêl }kl}pli mki CK^ Rkmpa mk I{el mk _lplfazlK~}pkea mk Jkmkl ke H{k~nl ki 06 mk l`pci mk 02<<

Ga}afplgêl~? Pcnlpma H{kpfl







>=

Leìic~c~ mk il j{okp ke il ~anckmlm?

MK^MK JKMKLHL^]L E[K^]PA^ MCL^

Li{jea~ mk =¿ mk K^A |{k hle pkliczlma k~}k }pl`loa k~nailp

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