Analysing the Upper & Lower Limb

Movement Studies 2009-10 Mvt Studies 2009-10

Learning Outcomes

•Describe the function of the upper limb (UL)

•Use correct anatomical terminology to analyse an upper limb activity

•Describe the relationship between mobility and stability with respect to the upper limb

Mvt Studies 2009-10

Learning Outcomes

•Discuss the functions of the lower limb (LL)

•Identify the characteristics of normal gait•Begin to analyse movement of the lower

limb using the correct terminology

Mvt Studies 2009-10

Function of the Upper and Lower limbsIn pairs list the functions of both the upper

and lower limbs.

What are the roles of the joints?

Be prepared to feedback to the rest of the group.

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Function of the Upper LimbMvt Studies 2009-10

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Why is stability necessary for mobility?

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Open v Closed Chain MovementOpen Chain – free movement Closed Chain – hand fixed

Mvt Studies 2009-10

Classify the followingMvt Studies 2009-10

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Task 1Reaching to pick something off a high shelf

Analyse this task using the checklist.

Mvt Studies 2009-10

Task 2

Pick up a penny from the floor

•Use your checklist

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Task 3

•Working in pairs demonstrate to your partner an upper limb activity for them to analyse – then swap roles

•Be prepared to analyse the movement for the rest of the class

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Definition of Gait

‘human gait is a constant play between loss and recovery of equilibrium and therefore a series of narrowly escaped catastrophes.’ (Stiendler 1955)

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Gait Terminology

1. cadence1. cadence Number of steps per minuteNumber of steps per minute

2. Stride length2. Stride length Distance with successive foot-floor contacts of Distance with successive foot-floor contacts of the same footthe same foot

3. Step length3. Step length Distance between successive foot-floor contacts Distance between successive foot-floor contacts with opposite feet with opposite feet

4. Walking velocity of an able bodied 4. Walking velocity of an able bodied individualindividual

1.3m/s1.3m/s

5. Heel strike5. Heel strike Initial contact of the leading limb with the floorInitial contact of the leading limb with the floor

6. Toe off6. Toe off Loss of contact between toes and floorLoss of contact between toes and floor

7. String phase7. String phase The limb moves in front of the stance limbThe limb moves in front of the stance limb

8. Push off8. Push off Calf muscle contract to plantar flex the fore foot Calf muscle contract to plantar flex the fore foot against the flooragainst the floor

9. Gait Cycle9. Gait Cycle Period of time during which a complete sequence Period of time during which a complete sequence of events takes place e.g. heal strike continuing of events takes place e.g. heal strike continuing until the same heel strikes the floor again.until the same heel strikes the floor again.

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Gait CyclePeriod of time during which a complete sequence of events Period of time during which a complete sequence of events takes place e.g. heel strike continuing until the same heel takes place e.g. heel strike continuing until the same heel strikes the floor again. (Carr and Shepherd 2003)strikes the floor again. (Carr and Shepherd 2003)

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Gait Cycle Mvt Studies 2009-10

Task 4

•Analyse the stance phase of gaitUse your checklist

•Be prepared to feedback to the rest of the group

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Task 5•Analyse the swing phase of gait

Use your posture checklist

•Be prepared to feedback to the rest of the group

Mvt Studies 2009-10

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Remember!

Although we have concentrated on analysis of the LL, gait involves the co-ordination of movements of the whole body.

Try walking without moving your trunk or upper limbs.

Mvt Studies 2009-10

Task 6

•Analyse the lower limb during:▫Single leg hop

▫Use your posture checklist

What happens to the trunk during this movement?

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Remember!

The ability to balance is an integral part of both walking and sit ↔ st.

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And don’t forget:

Always analyse what you see, your models may move in very different ways.

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Make sure you are happy the learning outcomes have been met

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References•Carr J and Shepherd R (2003). Stroke

Rehabilitation. Butterworth-Heinemann, China.

•Trew M and Everett T (2003). Human Movement. Churchill Livingstone, London.

•Shumway-Cook A and Woollacott MH (2001). Motor control: theory and practical applications. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Maryland.

Mvt Studies 2009-10