analysis of major changes to arrester standards iec 60099-4...analysis of major changes to arrester...

Analysis of Major Changes to Arrester Standards IEC 60099-4

STEVE BREWER

Analysis of Major Changes to Arrester Standard IEC 60099-4

2015 INMR World Congress October 18 - 21 Munich, Germany

Steve Brewer- Senior Product Manager - HPS Arrester Business Unit

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Agenda

• Fundamental Differences between IEC 60099-4 Edition 2.2 and Edition 3.0– Arrester Classification

– Arrester Type Tests• Repetitive Charge Transfer

• Operating Duty

• Power-frequency voltage versus time

• Arrester disconnector / fault indicator

• Weather ageing test – polymer


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IEC Arrester Classifications

Arrester Class Station Distribution

Designation SH SM SL DH DM DL

Nominal discharge current 20 kA 10 kA 10 kA 10 kA 5 kA 2.5 kA

Switching impulse discharge current2 kA 1 kA 0.5 kA -- -- --

Qrs (Coulombs) ≥ 2.4 ≥ 1.6 ≥ 1.0 ≥ 0.4 ≥ 0.2 ≥ 0.1

W th (kJ/kV of Rated Voltage) ≥ 10 ≥ 7 ≥ 4 -- -- --

Qth (Coulombs) -- -- -- ≥ 1.1 ≥ 0.7 ≥ 0.45

Edit

ion

3.0

Edit

ion

2.2

Standard nominal discharge current

20 000 A 10 000 A 5 000 A 2 500 A

Rated Voltage Ur (kV rms) 360 < Ur < 756 3 < Ur < 360 Ur ≤ 132 Ur ≤ 36

• Classifications now more associated with application

• Now 6 classes instead of 4, more finely divided according to expected duty

• Addition of the definitions for “distribution” and “substation”

MAIN

CHANGES


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IEC Arrester ClassificationsArrester Class Station Distribution




Qrs (Coulombs) ≥ 2.4 ≥ 1.6 ≥ 1.0 ≥ 0.4 ≥ 0.2 ≥ 0.1


Qth (Coulombs) -- -- -- ≥ 1.1 ≥ 0.7 ≥ 0.45

Edit

ion

3.0

Distribution Class Arrester – intended for use on distribution systems to protect components primarily from the effects of lightning.

Station Class Arrester – intended for use in stations to protect the equipment from transient over-voltages.


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IEC Arrester ClassificationsArrester Class Station Distribution




Qrs (Coulombs) ≥ 2.4 ≥ 1.6 ≥ 1.0 ≥ 0.4 ≥ 0.2 ≥ 0.1


Qth (Coulombs) -- -- -- ≥ 1.1 ≥ 0.7 ≥ 0.45

Edit

ion

3

.0

SH = Station High dutySM = Station Medium dutySL = Station Low duty

DH = Distribution High dutyDM = Distribution Medium dutyDL = Distribution Low duty

Sub-classifications – within each class there are designations relating to the duty that the arrester will experience as noted below.


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IEC Arrester Type TestsEdition 3.0

1 Insulation withstand tests on the arrester housing

a) Lightning impulse

b) Switching impulse

c) Power-frequency

2 Residual voltage test

a) Steep current

b) Lightning impulse

c) Switching impulse

3 Test to verify long term stability under continuous operating voltage

4 Repetitive charge transfer withstand

5 Heat dissipation behaviour verification of test sample

6 Operating duty test

7 Power-frequency voltage versus time

8 Arrester disconnector / fault indicator (when fitted)

9 Short-circuit tests

10 Bending moment

11 Environmental tests

12 Seal leak rate

13 Radio interference voltage (RIV)

14 Test to verify the dielectric withstand of the internal components of an arrester

15 Test of internal grading components

16 Polluted housing test

17 Weather ageing test – polymer

Edition 2.2




c) Power-frequency


a) Steep current



3 Long-duration current impulse withstand test


a) High-current impulse operating duty

b) Switching surge operating duty test

5 Short circuit



8 Internal partial discharge test

9 Bending moment


11 Seal leak rate


13 Weather ageing test - polymer

Note: Section 6.10 required Power-frequency voltage versus time characteristics to be measured with prior duty only.


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IEC Arrester Type TestsEdition 2.2




c) Power-frequency


a) Steep current



3 Long-duration current impulse withstand test


a) High-current impulse operating duty

b) Switching surge operating duty test

5 Short circuit



8 Internal partial discharge test

9 Bending moment


11 Seal leak rate


13 Weather ageing test - polymer

Note: Section 6.10 required Power-frequency voltage versus time characteristics to be measured with prior duty only.

Unchanged or Minor

Significant Change

Minor Addition

Legend

Formerly part of

Operating Duty Test

Significant Addition


Removed

Edition 3.0




c) Power-frequency


a) Steep current



3 Test to verify long term stability under continuous operating

voltage

4 Repetitive charge transfer withstand

5 Heat dissipation behaviour verification of test sample


7 Power-frequency voltage versus time


9 Short-circuit tests

10 Bending moment


12 Seal leak rate


14 Test to verify the dielectric withstand of the internal

components of an arrester

15 Test of internal grading components


17 Weather ageing test – polymer

1000 Hr Power Loss

Edition 3.0 – (8.4) Test to verify long term MOV stability with Uc applied

EDITION 3.0 - EVALUATION

Test considered passed if all three samples

behave as follows:

• After Pmin established – any increase is not

greater than 1.3 x Pmin

• Pend ≤ 1.3 x Pstart

In Edition 2.2 there was no pass / fail criteria. Pend could be any value as related to Pstart. A penalty factor was imposed on later testing based on the ratio - Pend/Pstart

CHANGES


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MOV Aging Test Example

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Time (Hours)

Pow

er L

oss

(W

atts

)


Edition 2.2 – (8.4) Long-duration current impulse withstand test

3 arresters samples required6 groups of 3 impulses to each sample

50-60 seconds between impulsesCool samples to ambient between groups

X μsec

Impulse Close-up View

Duration (X)

LDC 1 2000 μsec

LDC 2 2000 μsec

LDC 3 2400 μsec

LDC 4 2800 μsec

LDC 5 3200 μsec

EVALUATION

• No physical damage is evident (puncture, flashover,

cracking)

• Measure residual voltage before and after test

sequence - Discharge voltage shall not change more

than 5% from initial measurements

EVALUATION


Edition 3.0 – (8.5) Repetitive charge transfer rating test - Qrs

• No physical damage is evident (puncture, flashover, cracking)

• Measure Residual Voltage before and after testing - shall not change more than 5%

• Measure Reference Voltage before and after testing - shall not change more than 5%

EVALUATION

10 Samples minimum required10 groups of 2 impulses to each sample

50-60 seconds between impulsesCool samples to ambient between groups

Charge levels shall equal the claimed value multiplied by 1.1Waveshape selectionStation class – rect. (2-4ms)Distribution class – 8/20Claimable charge ratings Qrs

0.1 C to 1.2 C in steps of 0.1 C1.2 C to 4.4 C in steps of 0.4 C4.4 C to 10 C in steps of 0.8 C10 C to 20 C in steps of 2 C20 C up in steps of 4 C


Edition 2.2 – (8.5) Operating Duty Tests – MOV Pre-conditioning

• Three samples• 4 groups of 5 impulses at nominal

discharge current• 50-60 seconds between impulses• Interval between groups: 25 - 30 min• During the impulses the MOVs are

energized at 1.2 X Uc


For Class 1 arresters and below (5kA, 2.5kA)

Less than 100msec after 2nd impulse apply Ur for 10 seconds

Within 1 second after the overvoltage apply Uc for 30 minutes

Measure temperature, resistive component of current or watts loss for 30 minutes to demonstrate thermal stability

Apply 1st 4/10 impulse, Preheat to 60°C, Apply 2nd 4/10 impulse

30 minutes

Pre

he

at t

o 6

0°C

Edition 2.2 – (8.5.4) High Current Impulse Operating Duty Test

10 sec

Arrester Classification

Peak 4/10 current

10kA 100kA

5kA 65kA

2.5kA 25kA

Amplitude per table below

Ur Uc


For Class 2 arresters and above

Less than 100msec after 2nd impulse apply Ur for 10 seconds

Within 1 second after the overvoltage apply Uc for 30 minutes

Measure temperature, resistive component of current or watts loss for 30 minutes to demonstrate thermal stability

Apply 2 x 4/10 impulses, Preheat to 60°C, Apply 2 x LD impulses 50-60 sec apart

30 minutes

Pre

he

at t

o 6

0°C

Edition 2.2 – (8.5.5) Switching Surge Operating Duty Test

10 sec

100kA 4/10 impulses Duration and Amplitude matches Long Duration Impulse Test

UrUc


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Edition 3.0 – (8.7) Operating Duty Tests – MOV Pre-conditioning

4/10 Current Impulse amplitude requirements

Arrester Nominal Discharge Current (In)

Peak 4/10 current

20kA and 10kA 100kA

5kA 65kA

2.5kA 25kA

For Station Class Arresters

For Distribution Class ArrestersC

oo

l to

A

mb

ien

t


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Edition 3.0 – (8.7) Operating Duty Tests – Qth Injection - Distribution

30 minutes

Pre

he

at t

o 6

0°C

10 sec

Distribution Class Arresters – Two x 8/20 current impulses within one minute

Arrester ClassificationQth Rating(Coulombs)

Qth per Impulse(Coulombs)

Corresponding 8/20 current amplitude

DH 10kA 1.1 0.55 34kA

DM 5kA 0.7 0.35 22kA

DL 2.5kA 0.45 0.23 14kA

1 min

Ur Uc


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Edition 3.0 – (8.7) Operating Duty Tests – Wth Injection - Station

30 minutes

Pre

he

at t

o 6

0°C

10 sec

Station Class Arresters – One or more long duration impulses (2-4 msec

duration) within 3 minutes provided the accumulated energy is at least equal

to a claimable thermal energy rating Wth.

3 MIN

Claimable Wth Values:1 to 5 steps of 0.55 to 16 steps of 116 to 30 steps of 230 and up steps of 6

Wth Units:

kJ / kV of Ur

Ur Uc

Showing 2 but could be any number


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Edition 3.0 – (8.8) Power-frequency (TOV) Voltage Versus Time Test

“Prior Duty” Test requires injection of Qth or

Wth energy exactly like operating duty test.

Four tests, One in each range = 4 data points.

TOV Required Time Ranges

(Seconds)

Range 1 0.1 to 1.0

Range 2 1.1 to 10

Range 3 10.1 to 100

Range 4 101 to 3,600

Duration per Chart

Pre

he

at t

o 6

0°C

Uc for 30 minutes

“Without Prior Duty” Test has no impulses

prior to start of TOV time period. Two tests, One from two ranges = 2 data points

This voltage is what is plotted

Station rectangular waves shown. If DH these would be 8/20


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Edition 2.2 – (8.6) Arrester Disconnector Tests

Edition 3.0 – (8.9) Arrester Disconnector Tests

• Withstand without operating:

• Long-duration current impulse test

• Operating duty test

• Time versus current curve test

• 20A, 200A, 800A

• Withstand without operating:

• Repetitive Charge transfer test - Qrs

• Operating duty test – Wth or Qth

• Time versus current curve test

• 20A, 200A, 800A

• Bending moment, tensile load and torsional load tests

• Temperature cycling and seal pumping tests

Added


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Edition 2.2 – (10.8.14) Weather Ageing test for Polymer Housed Arresters

• 1000 hour salt fog at Uc• NaCl concentration between 1 and 10 kg/m3

• If requested by the user and agreed to by the

manufacturer 5000 hour multi-stress test• UV, rain, dry heat, damp heat, high humidity, salt fog

Edition 3.0 – (10.8.17) Weather Ageing test for Polymer Housed Arresters

• 1000 hour salt fog at Uc• NaCl concentration between 1 and 10 kg/m3

• 1000 hour UV light test of the housing materials

Removed

Added

}


®

• Line Discharge Classes eliminated• Qrs is a test of the MOV durability only – claimable charge rating comes

from this test• Operating Duty test determines arrester’s 2 shot capability WITH

subsequent thermal recovery.– Station = Wth = actual measurement in kJ/kV of Ur– Distribution = Qth= compliance to DL,DM or DH charge transfer levels (.45C,

0.7C, 1.1C)

• TOV test is more standardized and required both “prior duty” and “without prior duty”

• Disconnector testing expanded to include mechanical and seal testing.• For polymer arresters the Weather Ageing test has been modified – 5000

hour multi-stress test option removed, UV test requirement added.

Basic differences between Edition 2.2 and Edition 3.0


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