analysis of nuclear transmutation induced from metal...
TRANSCRIPT
Ohta, M. and A. Takahashi. Analysis Of Nuclear Transmutation Induced From Metal Plus Multibody-Fusion-Products, Reaction PowerPoint slides. in Tenth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2003. Cambridge, MA: LENR-CANR.org.
Slide 1
ANALYSIS OF NUCLEAR TRANSMUTATION INDUCED FROM METAL PLUS MULTIBODY-FUSION-
PRODUCTS REACTION
* Masayuki OHTAAkito TAKAHASHI
Department of Nuclear Engineering, Osaka University, JAPAN* [email protected]
Slide 2
+
R1
FP1 FP2
R2
FP1FP2
Dumbbell-Oscillation Scission
Ec = 1.44 Z1Z2/R : Coulomb repulsion∆E(r) = ε(r)2 A2/3 (6.88 - 0.140 Z2/A)
: Elliptic deform EnergyE´
c : Effective Coulomb EnergyEx: Excitation EnergyEf: Fission BarrierReff = η (R1+R2): Effecitve Scission Distance
∆
Elliptic-Deformation
Ec
Ef
Ex
→ R
Pote
ntia
l
E´c
Reff
Q
∆E(r)
Fig. 1-1: Fission process and potential
Slide 3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
Potential (MeV)
( )fm r
( )rV
( )r∆E
a b
c∆E
Q
′cE
fExE
Fission Tunnel
V∆
Reff
cE
Fig. 1-2: Tunnel Fission
Slide 4
Fig. 1-3: Selective Channel Scission
M
M
CsRbU
BaKrU
PmGaU
SnMoU
TeZrU
BaKrU
14690236
14888236
15779236
132104236
134102236
14492236
+→
+→
+→
+→
+→
+→
xf EE ≤
xf EE >
Channel-open probability
1
0 < Pi(Ex) <1
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
0 50 100 150 200
M A SS N UM BER
FP YIELD (%)
JEND L3.2 (Therm al NeutronFission)
U-235
(Prompt Neutron Emission)
Slide 5
2D-model 1D-model
D+
D+ nucleusK-N
electronsPlasmon(H++e-)
QED-photons
hν
hν
hνhν
hν
hν hν
hν hν
hν
hνe-
e-
Rayleigh Scatt.
Penetration
Compton Scatt.&
Photo-Electric
Fig. 2-1: Multi-Photon Absorption in Pd nucleus by QED Coupling to PdDx Plasma Oscillation
Slide 6
d d d ddd
d
d 4He
4He4He
e-
e-
6Li*
(4-: P-wave)
6Li*(3+) photonsphotons8Be*
P-wave: (3-,5-)or: (1-)or: (2+)
8Be(g.s: 0+)
46 keV46 keV
240 keV470 keV
Fig. 2-2: Coherent X-rays for PdDx system
23.84 < ∆Ephotons <25.3223.8 MeVplasmon
t t
x x
τ*~
10-1
5s
10-1
6s
τ~
10-1
5s
τ*
47.6 MeVLattice Phonons > 106
(Plasmon Osci.)τ* » PPT ≅ 10-18 s
10 nm
(> 103)
Slide 7
Multi-Photon Induced Fission Model
Fig. 2-3: Multi-Photon Excitation
Slide 8
Slide 9
0.1
1
10
100
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
ATO M IC NUM BER
FP YIELD (%)
P d-NATURALLB-1
Si
OS
Ar
K
CaTi
Cr Fe
V Mn
Ni
Zn
Sr
CuGa
Ge
MPIFMIZUNO-EXP
Fig. 2-5: Fission Product Yield for Atomic number (Pd photo-fission, LB-1 = 18 MeV)
Slide 10
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
0 20 40 60 80 100
M ASS NU M BER
FP YIELD (%)
P d-NATUR ALLB-1
STABLE, MPIFR.I., MPIFMIZUNO-EXP
42Ar 60Fe
63Ni
90Sr35S
45Ca
59Fe
89Sr
Fig. 2-6: Fission Product Yield for Mass number (Pd photo-fission, LB-1 = 18 MeV)
Slide 11
Nuclear Transmutation
References:A.B. Karabut, Proc. ICCF9, 151 (2002).
Slide 12
Octahedral site
Fig. 3-1: 4D and 8D Fusions in Pd lattice
Palladium Tetrahedral site
(a) (b)
Slide 13
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Fig. 3-2: Two-dimensional schematic view of coherent motion(a) incoherent (b) anti-coherent (2D)(c) coherent (3D) (d) coherent (4D)
Slide 14
References:[1]: R.W. Standley, M. Steinback and C.B. Satterthwaite, “Superconductivity in PdHx(Dx) from 0.2 K to 4 K", Solid State Commun., 31, 801 (1979).[2]: J.P. Burger, Metal Hydrides, G. Bambakidis ed. (Plenum, 1981), p. 243.[3]: A. Takahashi, “DRASTIC ENHANCEMENT OF D-CLUSTER FUSION BY ELECTRONIC QUASI-PARTICLE SCREENING ”, Proc. JCF4, 74 (2002). [4]: M. Ohta et al., “Possible Mechanism of Coherent Multibody Fusion”, Proc. ICCF8, 403 (2000).
Fig. 3-4: Temperature coefficient of electric resistance for PdDx (acoustical and optical phonon mode) 2)
PdDx
PdHx
Fig. 3-3: Superconducting transition temperature as a function of H(D) concentrations for PdHx and PdDx
1)
Enhancement of Screening Effect 3,4)
acoustic
optic
Tem
pera
ture
coe
ffici
ent (
a.u.
)
Ele
ctro
n-ph
onon
cou
plin
g co
nsta
nt
electron-phonon interaction under transient condition
Slide 15
Fig. 3-5: 8D multi-body reaction
0.2 nm
capture
Pd
M (Cs)
Be-8
α
Slide 16
Multi-body Fusion Reaction
(1) 3D → 6Li* → d + 4He + 23.8 MeV(2) 4D → 8Be* → 2 4He + 47.6 MeV(3) 8D → 16O* (109.84 MeV) → 2 8Be + 95.2 MeV
8Be* → 2 4He + 47.6 MeV
Nuclear Transmutation(1) M + Photons → FP1 + FP2 (Ti, Cr, Fe etc.)
(2) M + 4He → M’ (Cd for Pd)→ FP1’ + FP2’ (Ti, Cr, Fe etc.)
(3) M + 8Be → M’’ (Sn for Pd, Pr for Cs, Mo for Sr)→ FP1’’ + FP2’’ (Ti, Cr, Fe etc.)
4D and 8D Fusions can be selective. 1)
References:[1]: A. Takahashi, Proc. JCF4, 74 (2002).
Slide 17
Table 3-1: Natural abundance of Pd isotopes and
excitation energies of compound nucleus by + α and + 8Be reactions
Nuclides Natural abundance (%) + α (23.8 MeV) Excitation
energy (MeV) + 8Be (47.6 MeV) Excitation energy (MeV)
102Pd 1.02 106Cd* 25.4 110Sn* 50.4
104Pd 11.14 108Cd* 26.1 112Sn* 51.8
105Pd 22.33 109Cd* 26.3 113Sn* 52.5
106Pd 27.33 110Cd* 26.7 114Sn* 53.2
108Pd 26.46 112Cd* 27.3 116Sn* 54.5
110Pd 11.72 114Cd* 27.9 118Sn* 55.8
Slide 18
48Cd abundance( %)106 1.02 108 11.14 109 22.33 110 27.33 112 26.46 114 11.72
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 20 40 60 80 100
M AS S NU M B ER O F FP
FISSIO
N BARRIER (MeV)
C d-108Q >0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 20 40 60 80 100
M AS S NU M B ER O F FP
FISSION BARRIER (MeV)
C d-106Q >0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 20 40 60 80 100
M AS S NU M B ER O F FP
FISSIO
N BARRIER (MeV)
C d-109Q >0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 20 40 60 80 100
M AS S NU M B ER O F FP
FISSION B
ARRIER (MeV)
C d-110Q >0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 20 40 60 80 100
M AS S NU M B ER O F FP
FISSIO
N B
ARRIER (MeV)
C d-112Q >0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 20 40 60 80 100
M A SS N U M B ER O F FP
FISSION B
ARRIER (MeV
)
C d-114Q >0
Slide 19
0.1
1
10
100
0 10 20 30 40 50
ATO M IC NUM B ER
FP YIELD (%)
S C S
M IZU NO -EXP
Pd+ (Pd: N ATURA L)SC S
O
NeMg Si
S
ZrCa
Ti
V
Cr
Mn
Fe
Ni
Cu
Zn
Se
Mo
Kr
SrC
Al
Fig. 4-7 :Fission Product Yield for Atomic number (Pd+α)
Slide 20
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
0 20 40 60 80 100
M A SS N UM BER
FP YIELD (%)
SC S
M IZUN O -EXP
Pd+ (Pd: NA TURAL)SC S
Fig. 4-8: Fission Product Yield for Mass number (Pd+α)
Slide 21
48Sn abundance( %)110 1.02 112 11.14 113 22.33 114 27.33 116 26.46 118 11.72
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 20 40 60 80 100
M AS S NU M B ER O F FP
FISSION BARRIER (MeV)
Sn-110Q >0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 20 40 60 80 100
M AS S NU M B ER O F FP
FISSIO
N BARRIER (MeV)
Sn-112Q >0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 20 40 60 80 100
M AS S NU M B ER O F FP
FISSIO
N BARRIER (MeV)
Sn-113Q >0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 20 40 60 80 100
M AS S N U M B ER O F FP
FISSION B
ARRIER (MeV)
S n-114Q >0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 20 40 60 80 100
M AS S N U M B ER O F FP
FISSIO
N B
ARRIER (MeV)
S n-116Q >0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 20 40 60 80 100
M AS S N U M B ER O F FP
FISSIO
N B
ARRIER (MeV)
S n-118Q >0
Slide 22
0.1
1
10
100
0 10 20 30 40 50
ATO M IC NU M B ER
FP YIELD (%)
S C S
M IZU NO -EXP
Pd+8B e (Pd: N ATU RAL)
SCS
O
NeMg
SiP
SY
Ru
Ca
Ti
V
Cr
Mn
Fe
Ni
Cu
Zn
Zr
Rb
Sr
Se
Kr
Br
C
F
Na
Al
Nb
Mo
Fig. 5-7 :Fission Product Yield for Atomic number (Pd+8Be)
Slide 23
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
0 20 40 60 80 100
M ASS N UM BER
FP YIELD (%)
SC S
M IZUN O -EXP
Pd+8B e (Pd: N ATU RAL)
SCS
Fig. 5-8 :Fission Product Yield for Mass number (Pd+8Be)
Slide 24
0.1
1
10
100
Fe-54 Fe-56 Fe-57 Fe-58
NaturalM IZUNOIW AM URAKarabutPd (M PIF)Pd+He-4Pd+Be-8
abunda
nce
(%)
Fig. 6-1: Comparison of isotopic ratio between natural Fe, SCS analysis and experiments.
Slide 25
Discussion
Existence of 48Cd and 50Sn in some 46Pd-system experimentCs → Pr and Sr → Mo in Mitsubishi experiment
Suggestion of Pd + α and Pd + 8Be reactions
Nuclear transmutation (Production of Ti, Cr, Fe etc.)
Suggestion of Fission(Pd-photo fission or Pd + α or Pd + 8Be ?)
Slide 26
ConclusionNuclear Transmutation was analyzed by Selective Channel Scission model.
• M + photons (e.g. A. Takahashi et al., Proc.ICCF8 p.397)• M + 4He• M + 8Be
Future workApplication of mode analysis
(e.g. U. Brosa et al., Phys. Rep. 197 (1990) 167.)
Analysis of γ-ray emission
Slide 27
MPIF
0.1
1
10
100
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
ATO M IC NUM B ER
FP YIELD (%)
P d-NATURALLB-2
O
Ne
Mg
Si
P
S
ClK
Ar
CaTi
V
Cr
Mn
Fe
Ni
Co Cu
Zn
Ge
Ga
As
Se
Kr
Sr
MIZUNO-EXPMIZUNO-EXP
Slide 28
0.1
1
10
100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
ATO M IC NU M BER
FP YIELD (%)
M PIF LB =15M eV
M IZU N O -EXPW -N ATU RALLB=15M eV
Ca
He
Ti
V
Cr
M n
Fe
N i
Zn
G e Se
Br
Kr Sr Zr
Y
M o
Ru
Pd
C d
Sn Te Xe
Sb I
C s
Ba
Hf
Slide 29
(1) 106Cd → 12C + 94Mo + 1.28 MeV. (Ef = 22.76 MeV)
(2) 106Cd → 16O + 90Zr + 6.37 MeV. (Ef = 23.44 MeV)
(3) 106Cd → 50Ti + 56Fe + 24.89 MeV. (Ef = 24.78 MeV)
(4) 106Cd → 52Cr + 54Cr + 25.21 MeV. (Ef = 24.80 MeV)
(5) 108Cd → 50Ti + 58Fe + 24.32 MeV. (Ef = 25.06 MeV)
(6) 108Cd → 54Cr + 54Cr + 24.60 MeV. (Ef = 25.09 MeV)
(7) 109Cd → 50Ti + 59Fe + 23.58 MeV. (Ef = 25.65 MeV)
(8) 108Cd → 16O + 92Zr + 3.94 MeV. (Ef = 25.73 MeV)
(9) 109Cd → 51Ti + 58Fe + 23.37 MeV. (Ef = 25.85 MeV)
(10) 109Cd → 54Cr + 55Cr + 23.53 MeV. (Ef = 26.01 MeV)
Table: Top 10 channel of Pd + α reaction
Slide 30
(1) 110Sn → 12C + 98Ru + 2.39 MeV. (Ef = 35.87 MeV)
(2) 112Sn → 12C + 100Ru + 0.56 MeV. (Ef = 37.53 MeV)
(3) 110Sn → 16O + 94Mo + 7.31 MeV. (Ef = 40.23 MeV)
(4) 112Sn → 16O + 96Mo + 4.87 MeV. (Ef = 42.46 MeV)
(5) 110Sn → 15N + 95Tc + 0.08 MeV. (Ef = 42.74 MeV)
(6) 113Sn → 16O + 97Mo + 3.95 MeV. (Ef = 43.28 MeV)
(7) 114Sn → 16O + 98Mo + 2.29 MeV. (Ef = 44.83 MeV)
(8) 110Sn → 18O + 92Mo + 1.75 MeV. (Ef = 45.34 MeV)
(9) 110Sn → 17O + 93Mo + 1.78 MeV. (Ef = 45.53 MeV)
(10) 110Sn → 20Ne + 90Zr + 9.98 MeV. (Ef = 45.61 MeV)
Table: Top 10 channel of Pd + 8Be reaction
Slide 31
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 20 40 60 80 100
M ASS NUM BER O F FP
FISSION BARRIER (MeV)
C d-106Q >0
Fig. 4-1: Fission barriers for Cd-106
Slide 32
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 20 40 60 80 10
M ASS N UM B ER O F FP
FISSION BARRIER (MeV)
C d-108Q >0
0
Fig. 4-2: Fission barriers for Cd-108
Slide 33
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 20 40 60 80 100
M A SS N U M BER O F FP
FISSION BARRIER (MeV)
C d-109Q >0
Fig. 4-3: Fission barriers for Cd-109
Slide 34
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 20 40 60 80 100
M A SS N U M BER O F FP
FISSION BARRIER (MeV)
C d-110Q >0
Fig. 4-4: Fission barriers for Cd-110
Slide 35
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 20 40 60 80 100
M A SS N U M BER O F FP
FISSION BARRIER (MeV)
C d-112Q >0
Fig. 4-5: Fission barriers for Cd-112
Slide 36
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 20 40 60 80 100
M A SS N U M BER O F FP
FISSION BARRIER (MeV)
C d-114Q >0
Fig. 4-6: Fission barriers for Cd-114
Slide 37
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 20 40 60 80 100
M ASS NU M BER O F FP
FISSION BARRIER (MeV)
S n-110Q >0
Fig. 5-1: Fission barriers for Sn-110
Slide 38
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 20 40 60 80 100
M ASS NU M BER O F FP
FISSION BARRIER (MeV)
S n-112Q >0
Fig. 5-2: Fission barriers for Sn-112
Slide 39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 20 40 60 80 100
M ASS NUM BER O F FP
FISSION BARRIER (MeV)
S n-113Q >0
Fig. 5-3: Fission barriers for Sn-113
Slide 40
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 20 40 60 80 100
M ASS NUM BER O F FP
FISSION BARRIER (MeV)
S n-114Q >0
Fig. 5-4: Fission barriers for Sn-114
Slide 41
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 20 40 60 80 100
M ASS NUM BER O F FP
FISSION BARRIER (MeV)
S n-116Q >0
Fig. 5-5: Fission barriers for Sn-116
Slide 42
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 20 40 60 80 100
M ASS NU M BER O F FP
FISSION BARRIER (MeV)
S n-118Q >0
Fig. 5-6: Fission barriers for Sn-118