ANALYSIS OF SARAJEVO TRANSIT SYSTEM AND A PROPOSAL FOR INCREASING SYSTEM CAPACITYSELMAN KAYMAZ

Outline• Urban Transportation Problems• Benefits of Public Transportation• Review of Sarajevo Transit System• Increasing Capacity by using BRT and LRT • Optimizing Transit Solutions• Conclusions

Public Transportation • A system of vehicles such as buses and trains which

operate at regular times on fixed routes and are used by the public

Urban Transportation Problems

• Traffic Congestion and parking difficulties• Inadequacy public transport• Environmental Impacts and Energy Consumption• Automobile Dependency• High maintenance costs• Longer commuting• Difficulties for non-motorized transport• Loss of Public Space.

Main Benefits of Public Transportation

•  Public transport is more cheaper then Private transport• It is a good way to travel in long trips and in short trips• You don’t get remained in traffic jam if every one uses

public transport • With public transport you can have a comfortable

journey • You don’t cause air pollution• Public transport is more safer than private transport.

• Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Sarajevo metropolitan area, including Sarajevo, East Sarajevo and surrounding municipalities, is home to 688,354 inhabitants.

• Sarajevo is the leading political, social and cultural center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a prominent center of culture in theBalkans, with its region-wide influence in entertainment, media, fashion, and the arts.

SARAJEVO

How many people are resident in Sarajevo? • few (500, 000)Why do people use the city centre? • Shop, work, entertainment When are traffic problems at their peak? Why?• Morning and evening rush hours – daily commuters What issues face commuters? • Long journeys to work, grid locked congestion, crawling traffic, where to park the car Are the issues local or global? • Both – poor air pollution causes health problems, fatigue, headaches, bronchitis, asthma • Discolours buildings • Greenhouse effect...

Consider: Survey

Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric

Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern

Europe and the Balkans.

Sarajevo Public Transportation• There are some new, but also some very old trams in

Sarajevo. This is the most popular form of public transport in the city and trams are very often overcrowded.

• There are tram, trolleybus, bus and minibus lines which you can take to reach all major locations in Sarajevo.

• City buses link the parts of town that are not well-connected by tram or trolleybus lines and minibuses connect the center to outlying sections of Sarajevo up on the surrounding hills.

History of KJKP “GRAS”Public city transport organisation in Sarajevo, B&H

• GRAS; Sarajevo public transport company, is the name of the company, which manages and operates public transportation in Sarajevo

• Transporting passengers since 1885 • 1885 First horse-pulled tram• 1895 First electrical tram in Austro-Hungarian monarchy

• In 2002• 4 forms of passengers transportation

Tram, troley, bus, minibus• 2000 employees• 174,000,000 passengers

 You can buy city bus tickets at almost any news stand in the Sarajevo.  The first ride is at 05:00 and the last at 01:00 a.m.

Number of passengers (millions)

2005

2006 2007 2008

Bus40.37

41.11 41.4441.75 (34%)

Tram51.00

51.11 51.9852.72 (42%)

Trolley20.36

21.12 21.4321.65 (17%)

Mini-bus10.33

11.11 11.0311.13 (7%)

2002 line km passengers

KJKP “GRAS” 92 14,770,491 174,000,000

Tram 7 21.7 % 47.7 %Troley 4 15.3 % 15.7 %Bus 49 46 % 29.6 %Minibus 32 16.9 % 7.1 %

Bus• Bus is one of the best common and important public

transportation in Sarajevo City. • Single-ride tickets are 1.60/1.80KM from kiosks/drivers• 44 Bus lines- possible to find and reach buses all around

Sarajevo

İETT donated 30 buses to GRAS, Sarajevo

Trolleybus• Trolleybus is an electric bus that draws power from overhead wires

using spring-loaded trolley poles. Two wires and poles are required to complete the electrical circuit. In 1939, the first trolleybus appeared on the streets of Sarajevo

• The operator usually uses ropes to guide the trolley poles to contact the overhead wires. This cause delay trams and buses and affect many passengers badly

• 8 Lines; Trolleybus is very convenient for all visitors that arrive at the East Sarajevo Bus Station.

• So old system and Unsightly. Trg Austrije – Otoka

Jezero – Otoka

Trg Austrije – Dobrinja

Trg Austrije – Mojmilo

Jezero – Dobrinja

Otoka – Dobrinja

Vogošća – Trg 6. Aprila

Otoka – Vogošća

Tram• Sarajevo was the first city in Europe to have a full-time (from dawn

to dusk) operational electric tram line in 1885, introduced shortly after the city became part of the Austro-Hungarian empire. Since then, the trams have been important in the development and expansion of the city.

• Many trams were badly damaged during the Bosnian war (92-96) for independence. Several European countries donated trams out of service to Sarajevo in the years after the war.

• In recent years, the authorities have gradually upgraded to more modern vehicles to expand the fleet.

• Six routes are presently in operation on the system, often only a specific section of the track. Only route 3 operates the entire length.

• Route 1: Željeznička stanica – Baščaršija

• Route 2: Čengić Vila – Baščaršija• Route 3: Ilidža – Baščaršija• Route 4: Ilidža – Željeznička

stanica• Route 5: Nedžarići – Baščaršija• Route 6: Ilidža – Skenderija• Route 7: Nedžarići – Skenderija

(currently not running)One of trams that is a gift of the Turkish city of Konya to GRAS

Tram Lines

Capacity Utilization  of Public Transportations• The capacity should be defined as the maximum number of passengers per hour a

given mode could carry at its maximum average operating speed. • Capacity is a technical concept that is of considerable interest to operators, planners

and service designers. • BRT and LRT system capacity depends on the following items

• Vehicle passenger capacity• The number of vehicles• The frequency of vehicles between stops• Vehicle occupancy rates• The use of technology level• Service and business structure• Safety, comfort, affordable prices

• The inverse of the headway is called the frequency, essentially capturing the number of vehicles per unit time past a certain point on a route, usually measured in vehicles per hour.

• As an example, a route with a 15-minute headway has a frequency of 4 vehicles per hour.

• A bus route with a frequency of 6 buses/hour and a maximum of 55 persons on each bus has a capacity of 330 passengers per hour. A rail line with a frequency of 15 trains/hour (4 min headways) with 6 cars per train and a maximum of 150 persons per car has a capacity of 13,500 passengers per hour.

BRT and LRT Systems for Capacity Bus rapid transit (BRT) systems and

light rail transit (LRT) systems take the place and space of common transportations in the world.

• At this stage, the attributes of BRT and LRT are quite well aligned, as long as the adequate segregation is provided for the BRT. However, LRT can generally offer more capacity, presumably making it the preferred option.

• Generally, in order to increase the capacity of transportations LRT and BRT is good choice modes. Both of them are so useful for streets of Sarajevo City.

It is estimated that about 31.7 million passengers use BRT worldwide everyday, of which about 19.7 million passengers ride daily in Latin America, which has the most cities with BRT systems, with 60, led by Brazil with 33 cities

Types of Bus For Sarajevo• Gras and Sarajevo municipalities may move away from

a standard, single-level, 40-foot bus to higher-capacity buses, such as double-decked buses or articulated buses. These bus types may have significantly higher passenger loads than a standard bus

• Buses should obtain with new technology in Sarajevo center.

Transit solutions should make to develop and find to some new simulation models, methods and technics of transfer operations at stops and between them to increase the capacity in Sarajevo.

Optimization

SMART APPLICATION SMART STATION SMART TICKETING

The companies BH Telecom, Unimedia and GRAS s igned a contract on the bus info serv ices for users of publ ic t ransport in Sara jevo Canton Bus Info Android App

RFID stands for Radio-frequency identification. It has a chip on the card to read in the system.RFID cards are used for access control to public transport. In Sarajevo RFID cards have started to use between Vijećnica-Dobrinja line as called “Elektronska Karta - electronic card”. Travellers can use it on the trams, buses and trolleybus.

The card has very easy working system by touching in and out on the card readers to pay the right fare.

RFID CARD

Fare and ticketing

PRIVATION • Privatization is the process of transferring ownership of a business, enterprise, agency, charity

or public service from the public sector (the state or government) or common use to the private sector (businesses that operate for a private profit) or to private non-profit organizations.

• Gras has a big debt -B&H Elektroprivreda (EPB&H), 2.969.739,27 KM (around 1.518.403 EUR)• GRAS has been left without electricity in all of its business units, and tram and trolley

transportation in Sarajevo has been completely stopped. • Sarajevo is sometimes left without public transport after staffs at the transport company go on

strike, demanding payment of late salaries and better conditions. Paying big debts are so hard and impossible for Gras.

• In order to solve financial problems GRAS needs to get privation, to reduce the burden on Government help profit making public sector unit to modernize diversify their business in making public sector unit more competitive

Privatization leads to improving the quality of decision making.

Other Basic Solution

• Lower cost ticket at less crowded time (launch): specially for housewifes

• Putting information panel- Modern signalling system and software applications (shows busy roads)

• Smart roads and Flyovers ( If flyovers can be construction in the main roads then the vehicles can move on the roads as well as on the flyovers at the same time. That will surely reduce the load on the busy roads. )

• Office/School time scheduling (7 am School, 9 am work ) Government has successfully implement different timing schedule for schools

All have reduced traffic congestion and the load on the roads.

ConclusionsPublic transportation keeps cars off the roads, reduces congestion for everyone who drives, and improves air quality for all. And the mobility enabled by transit helps Sarajevo City economy and quality of life, giving people more choices for getting around.Investments should be focused on maintaining and modernizing our transit system. Modernization includes adopting advanced technology, using real-time arrival information, and better coordination of services-all of which will help improve how transit operates and is perceived. More public transportations help to increase the capacity and decrase traficc jam.Passengers wait smart stations, applications, green, safer and faster vehicles in Sarajevo city.