As Organizational Capability

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Session objectivesSession objectives

At the end of this session you will be able to:List organizational skillsDefine Analytical SkillsUse tool for analytical thinkingSolve small or complex problemUse problem solving toolsFore see the impact of any situationProactive for and decision maker

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Two Classes of People People who know how to think. These people realize that most problems are open to examination and creative solution.

People who cannot think for themselves. Also called "idea consumers" .

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Exercise – Skills requiredExercise – Skills requiredWhen you have a major problem, is there

somebody you go to for help?What is it about that person that makes you

think he or she can handle the problem?Describe the biggest problem facing you

right now. What skills will you need to solve it?

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Contemplative QuestionsContemplative Questions

What skills are important for work?

Do I have these skills now? Or, do I need to acquire them?Why do I need them?

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List of SkillsList of SkillsAnalytical skills

Systems thinking Organizational knowledgeProblem identificationProblem analyzing and solving

Technical skills Management skills (see separate slides)Interpersonal skills (see separate slides)

Organizational KnowledgeOrganizational KnowledgeGood employees understand how organizations

work. It is critical to your survival and success in your career.e.g. Who makes the decisions? Who owns the data?

Who will resist change? Whom do people follow?Knowledge of specific functions and procedures of

organization and departmentHow work officially and unofficially gets doneInternal policies, both formal and informalExternal factors: Competitive and Regulatory

EnvironmentInternal factors: Organizational Strategies and Tactics

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ActivityActivity

Work in teamsList recent problems

At work placeAt personal life

Apply 5W 1H

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Analytical skills Includes contextual & holistic analysis

Critical thinking,Reflective practice andLearning from experience.

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Conducting the AnalysisConducting the Analysis Analysis of the facts is required to prove

or disprove the hypotheses

Analysis provides an understanding of issues and drivers behind the problem

Various Analysis Techniques SWOT Analysis Force Field Analysis Cost Benefit Analysis Impact Analysis Pareto Analysis

Impact Analysis ToolsImpact Analysis ToolsScenario Playing – Storyboarding out how the future will

unfold between alternatives: Do Nothing vs. Solution

Cost Benefit Analysis - Used to quantify impacts

Decision Tree Analysis – Build a tree and assign probabilities to each alternative to arrive at the most likely solution

Simulation – Modeling a process and seeing how it changes when one or more variables change

Prototype Model – Build and test the solution on a small scale before implementation to flush out lessons learned

SWOT – Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities SWOT – Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities ThreatsThreats

Probably the most common analytical tool for strategic planning

Somewhat subjective Easy to understand and follow Very useful for identifying the core

competencies of any organization

Understanding the contextUnderstanding the context

Systems & Process thinking: Analyze issues from a multi-

dimensional perspective to understand their interdependent nature.

Establish linkage within issuesCarry out contextual & holistic

analysis to understand the larger environment.

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Probing SkillProbing Skill

Technique of asking question

2 Types of probesOpen ProbeClosed Probe

My friend TED

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T – TELL MET – TELL MEE – EXPLAIN E – EXPLAIN D - DESCRIBE D - DESCRIBE

Probing SkillProbing SkillFrame questions to provoke

productive debate.Question on established

work processes.Asks “why” until underlying

cause is discovered.5W 1H technique. mc

3 Lacs

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Problem SolvingProblem SolvingA “problem” can be defined in many ways. A

generic but useful definition may be a problem is “A discrepancy between an existing and

desired state of affairs”Problem identification and problem solving

are two different things“A problem well-stated is a problem half-

solved.”“A most dangerous and common trap”One of the most important and universal

concepts you will learn in this course

Problem Identification and SolvingProblem Identification and Solving1. Identify the problem (The Identification)2. Define the decision criteria (Start the Solving)3. Weight the decision criteria4. Develop alternatives5. Analyze each alternative6. Select an alternative7. Implement alternative8. Evaluate outcome of decision (End the Solving)

Which of these steps is

most important?

Some “Problems” Encountered With Some “Problems” Encountered With Problem SolvingProblem Solving

Failure to recognize existence of a problemFailure to define the correct problemFailure to use all available informationFailure to recognize and question assumptionsFailure to consider a wide range of alternativesFailure to address implementation issues

Root Cause AnalysisSymptoms

ROOT CAUSES

Symptoms

Identify symptomsTrace each

symptom back to its causes

“The Five Whys”“If there was one

thing I wish I had learned when I was younger…”

Five whys

Symptoms

Symptoms

5 Whys And The Fishbone Diagram

The 5 Whys can be used individually or as a part of the fishbone diagram.

The fishbone diagram helps you explore all potential or real causes that result in a single defect or failure.

Once all inputs are established on the fishbone, you can use the 5 Whys technique to drill down to the root causes.

Problem Analyzing and SolvingProblem Analyzing and SolvingFour Phases

Intelligence All relevant information is collected

Design Alternatives are formulated

Choice Best alternative solution is chosen

Implementation Solution is put into practice

Know the issue exactlyKnow the issue exactlyIdentify implicit assumptions in

the way problems or situations are defined or presented.Look at both sides of a coin

Generate alternative ways to view or define problems and opportunities;

Not constrained by the thoughts or approaches of others

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EXERCISEEXERCISE

What’s the biggest decision you’re facing now?

Run it through the problem-solving process with the help of analytical skills.

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Applying Analytical skillApplying Analytical skillIdentify cultural and other

organizational impediments to change.

Proactively develop strategies for dismantling obstacles.

Engage in reflective practice and learning.

Take time to share and learn from other experiences, knowledge and innovation. Also encourage others to do so.

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SummarySummaryIn this session we have learnt to:

List organizational skillsDefine Analytical SkillsUse tool for analytical thinkingSolve small or complex problemUse problem solving toolsFore see the impact of any situationBe proactive for and decision makerIdentify a formula for solving problemsDevelop creative strategies in problem solving

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