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Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2014 Simran Dutt Sharma, 2014

ISSN 2278 – 0149 www.ijmerr.com

Vol. 3, No. 3, July, 2014

© 2014 IJMERR. All Rights Reserved

Review Article

ANALYTICAL STUDY OF FACTORS AFFECTING AND

APPLICATION OF FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FOR

HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH FIBER REINFORCED

COMPOSITE MATERIALS

Simran Dutt Sharma1*

*Corresponding Author: Simran Dutt Sharma, � simranduttsharma@gmail.com

As composites are made up of two different materials having different properties therefore theirresponse to heat transfer will also be different. Due to different materials, a composite havedifferent conductance, cooling rate, strength values for each material which effects rate of heattransfer in different environmental and operating conditions. Due to which heat transfer rate willbe different in matrix and in fiber which effects overall heat transfer rate through the composite.In addition, by using FEM analysis it has been concluded that if the fibers are located at differentpositions in composite they can also affect the heat transfer rate. This paper deals with study ofdifferent parameters that affect the heat transfer through FRC.

Keywords: FRC (fiber reinforced composites), FEM analysis, Heat transfer, Microstructuraltopography.

INTRODUCTION

Composite materials are materials made fromtwo or more constituent materials withsignificantly different physical or chemicalproperties, that when combined, produce amaterial with characteristics different from theindividual components. The individualcomponents remain separate and distinctwithin the finished structure. On the basisconstituent materials composite materials areclassified as:

1. Metal-Matrix Composites

1 A Student in Mechanical Department at Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, INDIA.

2. Fiber-reinforced composites

3. Ceramic-Matrix Composites

4. Carbon-Carbon Composites

Based on size and shape of dispersed medi-um composite materials can be classified as

1. Particle-reinforced (large-particle anddispersion-strengthened)

2. Fiber-reinforced (continuous (aligned)and short fibers (aligned or random)

3. Structural (laminates and sandwichpanels)

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Fiber-Reinforced Composites often aim toimprove the strength to weight and stiffnessto weight ratios (i.e. desire light-weightstructures that are strong and stiff!). Glassor Metal Fibers are generally embedded inpolymeric matrices.

Due to features like lightweight, specificstrength, stiffness, dimensional stability,suitable properties like coefficient of thermalexpansion, high thermal conductivitycomposite usage has increased enormouslyas engineering material these days. Theenvironmental factors like biological attack,moisture penetration, temperature changeetc. may pose threat to structure and mustbe considered during the design process ofcomposite, otherwise failure will cause wasteof time, energy and money. As composite aremade up of two different materials so thedegree of sensitivity of composites toindividual environmental factors is quitedifferent.

Also during curing of a composite materialseveral residual stresses are generated atthe interface of fiber and matrix. Which affectsthe overall strength of the composite material.

LITERATURE REVIEW

T J Vaughan et al., 2011 worked on effect offibre-matrix debonding and thermal residualstress on the transverse damage behaviourof a unidirectional carbon fibre reinforcedepoxy composite. It is found that for a weakfibre-matrix interface, the presence of thermalresidual stress can induce damage prior tomechanical loading. However, for a strongfibre-matrix interface the presence of thermalresidual stress is effective in suppressingfibre-matrix debonding and improving overall

transverse strength by approximately 7%.Also the composite was employed to multipleloading conditions and role of weak andstrong fiber-matrix bonding was noticed ingenerating macroscopic crack frommicroscopic one.

Hui Mei, 2008 calculated Thermal Resi-dual Stresses (TRS) in fiber reinforced com-posite like SiC-ceramic matrix compositesreinforced with carbon fiber (C/SiC) andsilicon carbide fiber (SiC/SiC) by threedifferent methods i.e. analytical method,experimental and theoretical predictions. Andalso relation between thermal stress andmacroscopic mechanical properties wasstudied. It was concluded that if TRS of anycomposite is less, more strength it will haveand its properties will be more stable.

Jia-Lin Tsai et al., 2008 worked to findeffect of thermal residual stress on mecha-nical behavior of composite with three diffe-rent fiber orientations i.e. irregular, squareedge and square diagonal. Thermal residualstresses are generated in composite due tomismatch of coefficient of thermal expansionduring cooling. It was found that compositewith square edge packing fibers is moresensitive to the thermal stresses as compa-rative to others.

Figure 1: Different Micro ArchitecturesConsidered for the Study (a) Square

edge Array (SEA) (b) Square Diagonalarray (SDA) and (c) Hexagonal Packing

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Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2014 Simran Dutt Sharma, 2014

Z H Zhu, 2009 have worked on finding theinterfacial thermal stresses of fiber reinforcedcomposites under assumption of plane stressand plane strain. Under this approach thefiber and matrix was assumed to be isotropic.The matrix was composed of randomlyspaced fibers and was subjected to thermo-mechanical loads. The whole study was doneon single fibered composite and results weresuperimposed with multi-fiber arrangementwhich reduced the complicated problem intolinear.

Jean-Louis et al.,1994 has studied the heattransfer on five different models at interfacialthermal barrier between fiber and matrix. Alsoinfluence of interfacial barrier on thermalconductivity and heat transfer rate incomposites. It was concluded that the heattransfer from component with interfacialthermal barrier resistance depends stronglyon the value of resistance of thermal barrierbetween interface and component. All the fivemodels are having different barrierresistance. The five models can beregrouped into two classes. The first classcomprises models I-III. The most powerfulmodel is model II since it gives models Iand III on increasing or decreasing thermalconductance, respectively. The secondclass contains models IV and V. Here themost powerful model is model IV whichyields model V on decreasing thermalconductance.

Jinfeng Zhuge et al., 2012 studied post fireflexural modulus of E-glass fiber matrix andit was concluded that composites with morethickness have high flexural modulus thanwith higher fiber volume fraction.

M. Norouzi et al., 2013 studied steadystate heat transfer for multi layered composite

vessel in case of varying outside temperatureand secondly in case of varying insidetemperature. The temperature and heat fluxcontinuity is applied between the laminas. Inorder to obtain the exact solution, theseparation of variables method is used andthe set of equations related to the coefficientof Fourier-Legendre series of temperaturedistribution is solved using the recursiveThomas algorithm. The solution is obtainedunder linear boundary conditions so that itcan be applied to other conditions likeconduction, convection and radiation fromsphere surface inside and outside. Theseresults are useful in controlling thermalfractures and controlling directional heattransfer through laminates.

J W Klett et al., 1999 studied A finite-element model has been developed to predictthe thermal conductivities, parallel andtransverse to the fiber axis, of unidirectionalcarbon/carbon composites. This versatilemodel incorporates fiber morphology, matrixmorphology, fiber/matrix bonding, andrandom distribution of fibers, porosity, andcracks. The model first examines the effectsof the preceding variables on the thermalconductivity at the microscopic level and thenutilizes those results to determine the overallthermal conductivity. The model was ableaccurately to predict the average thermalconductivity of standard pitch-based carbon/carbon composites. The model was also usedto study the effect of different compositearchitectures on the bulk thermal conductivity.The effects of fiber morphology, fiber/matrixinterface, and the ratio of transverse fiberconductivity to matrix conductivity on theoverall composite conductivity wasexamined.

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S I Kundalwal, 2014 have estimated thethermal conductivity of FFRC by employingthe effective medium approach in conjunctionwith the composite cylinder assemblageapproach.

S Ramakrishna, 1997 have suggested thatwhen properly designed, polymer compositematerials absorb more energy per unit massof material than the conventional metals andpolymer composites can also be used forcrashworthy structural applications. Energyabsorption characteristics of polymercomposite materials are influenced by themicrostructural variables, such as types offibers and resins used; the way fibers arearranged and the fiber matrix interface bondstrength.

Siu N Leung et al., 2013 studied thermaland electrical conductivity of compositematerial filled with spherical particulate. Alsothe effect of particulates on the thermalconductivity was discussed. It was noted thatthe weak interfacial bonding is the mainreason that hinders the promotion of thermalconductivity in filler particulates.

CONCLUSION

Based on the literature review presented herein, the following points have been noted:

1. Most of the work has been done on thethermal stress analysis along withinterfacial studies but not much work wasnoticed on the transient heat transferresponse of composites.

2. A number of fiber architectures have beenreported but it is still not clear that whichfiber arrangement is best suitable for theheat transfer response.

The objective of research would be tostudy the heat transfer response in fiberpolymer regimes and to analyze the behaviorof different fiber architectures subjected tosimilar boundary conditions.Effect of heattransfer and rate of heat transfer will beconcluded from different fiber arrangementsin reinforced fiber polymer composites. Thebehavior of different fiber architecturessubjected to similar boundary conditions willbe analyzed to come up with the optimumdesign for best heat transfer response. Heattransfer is greatly influenced by themicrostructural topology with the objectivesin hand, the heat transfer analysis will beperformed for various microstructuraltopologies by creating different arrangementsof fiber insertion within matrix and their heattransfer response using finite elementsoftware.

Various commercial personal computerprograms are available for solving a widearray of problems by the finite elementmethod. ABAQUS we will be applying FEMfor heat transfer analysis on Fiber ReinforcedComposite materials having different fiberorientations.

REFERENCES

1. http://composite.about.com/library/glossary/f/bldef-f2200.htm

2. ht tp : / /www.engineer ingc iv i l .com/impingement-of-environmental-factors-that-defines-a-system-on-composites-performance.html

3. Hui Mei (2008), “Measurement andCalculation of Thermal Residual Stressin Fiber Reinforced Ceramic MatrixComposites”, Science Direct,Composites Science and Technology,Vol. 68, pp. 3285-3292.

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4. J W Klett, V J Ervin and D D Edie (1999),“Finite-element Modeling of Heat Transferin Carbon/carbon Composites”,Composites Science and Technology,Vol. 59, pp. 593-607.

5. Jean-Louis, Auriault and Horia I Ene(xxxx), “Macroscopic Modeling of HeatTransfer in Composites with InterfacialThermal Barrier”. Heat Mass Transfer,0017-9310 (94) 00117-0.

6. Jia-Lin Tsai and Yang-Kai Chi (2008),“Investigating Thermal Residual StressEffect on Mechanical Behaviors of FiberComposites with Different Fiber Arrays”,Science Direct Composites: Part B, Vol.39, pp. 714-721.

7. Jinfeng Zhuge, Jihua Gou, Ruey-HungChen and Jay Kapat (2012), “FiniteElement Modeling of Post-fire FlexuralModulus of Fiber Reinforced PolymerComposites Under Constant Heat Flux”,Science Direct Composites: Part A, Vol.43, pp. 665-674.

8. M Norouzi, A Amiri Delouei and MSeilsepou (2013), “A General ExactSolution for Heat Conduction in MultilayerSpherical Composite Laminates”,Science Direct, Composite Structures,Vol. 106, pp. 288-295.

9. S I Kundalwal, M C Ray (2014),“Estimation of Thermal Conductivities ofa Novel Fuzzy Fiber ReinforcedComposite”. International Journal ofThermal Science, Vol. 76, pp. 90-100

10. S Ramakrishna (1997), “MicrostructuralDesign of Composite Materials forCrashworthy Structural Applications”,Materials & Design, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp.167-173, PII: S0261-3069 97 00098-8.

11. Siu N Leung, Muhammad O Khan, EllenChan, Hani Naguib, Francis Dawson,Vincent Adinkrah and Laszlo Lakatos-Hayward (2013), “Analytical Modelingand Characterization of Heat Transfer inThermally Conductive PolymerComposites Filled with SphericalParticulates”, Science Direct,Composites: Part B, Vol. 45, pp. 43-49.

12. T J Vaughan and C T McCarthy (2011),“Micromechanical Modelling of theTransverse Damage Behaviour in fibrereinforced composites”, CompositesScience and Technology, Vol. 71, pp. 388-396.

13. Z H Zhu (2009), “Micromechanics ofInterfacial Thermal Stresses in FiberReinforced Composites”, Science direct,Composites: Part A, Vol. 40, pp. 196-203.