analytical thinking rev b

Analytical thinking skills

RLAM BFCCNovember 26th, 2013By: Andres Castillo

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Advanced Problem Solving | Ericsson Internal | December 2012 |

Disclaimer

› All the information in this presentation tries at it’s best to provide the BFCC with accurate and relevant information about Analytical Thinking skills. Please be aware that the different sources in where I have taken the information about Analytical Thinking Skills relates and connects this concept with the following notions: Critical Thinking, Problem Solving, Creative Thinking, Decision Making and Strategic Thinking


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Today’s agenda…› Why it should matter to us?; A.T in

the Work Place (15 min)

› What’s Analytical Thinking (20 min)

› Developing Analytical Thinking Skills “Using an approach that is fair and accurate” (50 -60 min)

› Video & Break (20 min)

› Personal Experience (15 min)

› Brain Teaser, lets test our abilities (30 min)

› Questions , answers and reflections.

Learning Objectives Recognizing that Critical thinking is important in todays market place Knowing by heart the meaning of Analytical Thinking Learning tools to approach problems analytically. Learn from my coworkers experience. Putting A.T into practice Homework: Make a self assessment reflection of what I need to get done in order to improve my A.T skills


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PART I: Why it should matter to us? A.T in the workplace

› Why it should matter to us?; A hot topic in the Work Place today (15min)







Learning Objectives Recognizing that Critical thinking is important in

todays market place Knowing the meaning of Analytical Thinking Learning tools to approach problems analytically. Learn from my coworkers experience. Putting A.T into practice

HW: Make a self assessment reflection of what I need to get done in order to improve my A.T skills


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PART I: Why it should matter to us? A.T in the workplace cont’d

Agenda We will look at an overall perspective and make a

generalize conclusion of why A.T is so needed in the work place, we will go over some research papers that prove this point.

Research #1: The Skills Employers Want from: The American Society for Training and Development

Research #2:Are they Really ready to work? From: The Conference Board, Corporate Voices for Working Families, Partnerships for 21st Century Skills & the Society for Human Resource Management

Research #3:Increasing Critical Thinking in the Workplace; The raw Material of 21st Century Success From: PEARSON Talent Lens


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› Study Suggest that a serious gap exist between workers abilities and expectation of employers

The Skills Employers Want by the American Society of Training and Development


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› Due to lack of essentials skills different from the 3R’s skills (Reading, Writing and Computation).

› Abilities that can be learned but are highly dependent on the individuals curiosity to develop those.

The Skills Employers Want (ASTD) Cont’d


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› Employees who have “learn how to learn”› Know to listen and convey an adequate

response › People who can think on their feet (problem

solving) and which come up with innovative solutions (creative thinking)

› Pride on themselves (self esteem)› Know how to get things done (goal setting

motivation)› Sense of skill needed (curiosity and career

development)› Can get along with customers suppliers and

coworkers (interpersonal and negotiation skills)› Who can work with others (teamwork)› Sense of where the organization is headed and

what they must do to make a contribution (organizational effectiveness)

› Assume responsibility and motivate coworkers (leadership)

http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED299462.pdf

http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED299462.pdf


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› Conclusion: The employers want a new kind of worker with a broad set of workplace skills or at least a strong foundation of basics that will facilitate learning in the job.

› “An organization ability to achieve its strategic objectives often depends on how quickly and effectively it can transcend barriers to improved productivity and competitiveness . This pressures put creative thinking and problem solving at a premium – at all levels of an organization”



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Research #2:Are they Really ready to work? From: The Conference Board, Corporate Voices for Working Families, Partnerships for 21st Century Skills & the Society for Human Resource Management



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Are they Really ready to work?

› Study Suggest that there are two different set of skills; Basic and Applied Skills (C.T ranks #4 with 92.45% of approval)

RANKING


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› Skills that are believe to be very important and % of people that are ready on those particular abilities

Are they Really ready to work? Cont’d


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› Over the next five years the ability that is believed to become the most important skills in the work place

Are they Really ready to work? Cont’d


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Research #2:Are they Really ready to work? : The Conference Board, Corporate Voices for Working Families, Partnerships for 21st Century Skills & the Society for Human Resource Management



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Increasing Critical Thinking in the Workplace; The raw Material of 21st Century Success

› Study suggest that C.T skills are essential in the workplace. It also shows us how to asses Critical thinking to future candidates and how to develop those skills in existing ones. Which at the end translates on substantial improvement and increase performance by each employee making better decisions on daily basis.


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PART I: Why it should matter to us? A.T in the workplace

RECAP PART I We saw that C.T and A.T skills where important in

1988 but by then they over emphasize on the heavily importance in the 3R’s (Reading, Writing and Computing).

We studied a second research paper from 2006 we which suggested that the 3R’s skills (Basic Skills) are important, BUT a switch on applied skills is taking place and concludes that Critical Thinking is expected to become the #1 work place skill in the next 5 years. We took a look into a third and fourth research paper from 2010 that proves the point made on the second research paper. They point out that Critical Thinking has become the #1 skill in the work place.


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We Have learned…..

› Why it should matter to us?; A hot topic in the Work Place today (15min)







Learning Objectives Recognizing that Critical thinking is important in todays market place Knowing the meaning of Analytical Thinking

Learning tools to approach problems analytically. Learn from my coworkers experience. Putting A.T into practice HW: Make a self assessment reflection of what I need to get done in order to improve my A.T skills


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› Why it should matter to us?; A hot topic in the work place today. (15min)


› Developing Analytical Thinking Skills (50 - 60 min)





Learning Objectives Recognizing that Critical thinking is important in todays market place Knowing by heart the meaning of Analytical Thinking


PART II: What’s analytical thinking


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PART II: What’s analytical thinking

The Elephant Dilemma


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Analytical Thinking Definitions in Ericsson

› Joaquin Isaza (Regional BC)

› Analytical Thinking consist in approaching a problem or situation by breaking down to pieces what we want to analyze in order to find causality and relationship between those pieces.

› Martha Luz (HR VP)› The capacity to find

solutions to business problems based on data (that only by itself doesn’t mean anything) route us to a conclusion.


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Critical Thinking Video

› http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-85-j7Nr9i4#t=11

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-85-j7Nr9i4#t=11


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“Critical thinking...the awakening of the intellect to the study of itself”

“Critical thinking is the intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information gathered from, or generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a guide to belief and action” Michael Scriven & Richard Paul

EXPERTS DEFINITIONs

Analytical Thinking in a Nutshell


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WE HAVE LEARNED…

› Why it should matter to us?; A.T in the Work Place (15min)







Learning Objectives Recognizing that Critical thinking is important in todays market place Knowing by heart the meaning of Analytical Thinking



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PART III: Developing analytical thinking skills



› Developing Analytical Thinking Skills (50 - 60min)








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PART III: Developing analytical thinking skills Cont’d

Agenda We will look at different approaches of how to develop A.T skills

Overall Process; The Analyst Rules

TOOLS WE CAN USE IN THE PROCESS

Logic Tree Root Cause Analysis (///) Cost Benefit Analysis (///)


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The Analyst Rules

1. DEFINE THE PROBLEM

2. GATHER INFORMATION

AND DATA

3. ORGANIZE INFORMATION

AND DATA

4. ANALYZE THE INFORMATION

AND DATA

5. GENERATE ALTERNATIVE

SOLUTIONS6. IDENTIFY RECOMMENDED

SOLUTIONS

6. MAKE FINAL DECISION OR

RECOMMENDATION

RED: BAD PERFORMANCE

YELLOW: OK PERFORMANCE

GREEN: GREAT PERFORMANCE


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The Analyst Rules; Defining the Problem


Know the problem

Define the scope

Identify the purpose

Identify the how

Know you Audience


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The Analyst Rules; Gathering information


AND DATA

How much data should I gather

Where can I find the data

What kind of data do I use

What sources do I use?


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The Analyst Rules; Organizing Information and Data


AND DATA

Selecting relevant information

Organizing data by different

standards

When data will be available

How much data should I gather

How data will be organized

Chronological

Relevancy


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The Analyst Rules


AND DATA

Look beyond and above

Identify the how

Innovate

Think outside the box mentality


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The Analyst Rules; Generating Solutions

“Keep digging deeper”


SOLUTIONS

Bring Different Solution

If A then B

If X then YIdentify how to

Evaluate the Solutions

6. IDENTIFY RECOMMENDED

SOLUTIONS


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The Analyst Rules; The value added

“Keep digging deeper”


RECOMMENDATION

Follow up on recommendation

Keep curiosity at a premium


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WE HAVE LEARNED




Logic Tree Root Cause Analysis (///) Cost Benefit Analysis (///)


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What is a logic tree?


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defining a logic tree push the thought process to cover all aspects of a problem

Why spend time on building logic trees? Some problems may have many possible causes and many possible solutions

Some complex problems may only be addressable if divided in smaller sub-issues

Structure help to save time and get it right

Logic tree can... Logic tree cannot...

Help determine right focus and priorities Form foundation for data collection Support establishing stakeholder buy-in Facilitate team work

Replace thinking and creativity Replace detailed analysis


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Logic trees – and important tool for dividing a problem into manageable pieces

THREE MAIN TYPES OF LOGIC TREES…

ISSUE TREE HYPOTHESIS TREE DECISION TREE

Breaks up a problem in subcomponents to identify

possible causes

Structure to test / evaluate a hypothesis by finding and verifying sub arguments

Structures key questions to select on of several solutions

Measures/steps, statements, criteria, questions. topics Reasons / arguments Questions

How? Why? Possible?

DESCRIPTION

COMPONENTS

PROBING QUESTION

?yes

no

What commonly used issue trees can you think of?

Focusnow


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?yes

no

Subject/situationknown

Very specific

DecisionTree

Hyp

Subject/situationpartly known

HypothesisTree

Intermediate

Subject/situationunknown

Broad

Issue Tree

Selecting logic tree depending on the situation

How Much Do We Know ?

How Specific is the Problem?


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EXAMPLE :: ISSUE TREESaving more Money

How can I have more money

at the end of each month without

incurring a debt?

Reduce expenses

Increase income

Addition income from investments

Receive a windfall

Additional income from work

Illegally

Legally

High hourly pay

Work more hoursAdditional job

Work over-time

Switch company/industry

Receive promotion

Legally

Inherit

Pay less for same amount of items

Buy less items

Buy cheaper brand

Look for promotions

PROBLEM HOW? HOW? HOW? HOW?


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Exercise :: BUILDING A ISSUE TREE

We have a problem!

The office car park full – completely packed! So what can we do to solve the situation?


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Possible solutionSolving the parking problem

How can we solve to parking situation?

Reduce the nbr of cars

Increase the capacity?

Expand its dimensions

More cars in same space

Acquire new parcel

Build a new floor

Reduce area not used of parking

Reduce size of each lot

Reduce nbr of employees driving

Increase people per car

Reduce nbr of employees at the

office….Promote other

means of transport

PROBLEM HOW? HOW? HOW? HOW?

Promote car pooling


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In real life, developing good issues trees are not always straight forward...


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PART III: Developing analytical thinking skills Cont’d




Logic Tree Root Cause Analysis (///) Some other day: Cost benefit Analysis, BCG Matrix


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What is a root cause analysis?


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Root Cause Analysis in ///

PSP competence/qualification gap

Competence / Conflicting Priorities / Commitment

Delay of HW delivery

Order handling lead time, accuracy

Lack of use of BW/MUS tools for project results

PM, IM, PC lack of resource plan

Delays in site readiness

Re-work due to lack of process adherence

Lack of control- resource allocation off project during end of completion

Contractor vs. Employee ratioLack of control – excessive, incorrect or delayed time reporting.

Lack of control – Applying cost to wrong network vs. obtaining correct early start

Lack of control – lengthy WBS’s closing, trailing costs

Intercompany billing delay

Lack of control – vendor bids issued to incorrect network, delayed true ups and change orders

Plan cost not updated correctly/maintained

Delay in Delivery, Quality, Resource availability,

PMO/LDO

Onboarding, training, turnoverGSDC

ASP

Supply

Other

Time Mgmt./conflicting priorities

Pricing package determination and audit

Timing of HW/SW delivery vs. SVC completion. SVC Rev Recognition prior to start of SVC

System issue booking HW/SW/SVC on same WBS

SOW not clearly defined, excessive change orders, delays in execution, trailing costs

Idle time for sites not ready

Incentives

Product Mix

Recurrent costs

Selling StrategyStructureProject PlanningCustomerLocal DeliveryRisks

Give away, Contract Definition, SLA, Expected Margin

Pay as you use (2nd line SW variable), 1st, 2nd line and PLM / Detailed follow-up

Customized organization per customer

Excessive change requests, Re-planning due to Poor Planning

Changes to standard site / Lead time to invoice

Re-work, confirmation of final acceptance deliverables between /// and customer

Impacts due to change in product mix between BU’s

Turnover, Labor backlog, Penalties, Spare Parts, Car expenses, Weather

UM Deviation Pre-Close Triggers


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WE HAVE LEARNED….




Logic Tree Root Cause Analysis (///) Some other day: Cost benefit Analysis, BCG Matrix


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Today’s agenda…

› Why it should matter to us?; A.T in the Work Place (15 min)


› Developing Analytical Thinking Skills (50 -60 min)








(32 pt makes 2 rows






Today’s agenda…



› Developing Analytical Thinking Skills (40 min)






Learning tools to approach problems analytically. Learning from my coworkers experience. Putting A.T into practice HW: Make a self assessment reflection of what I need to get done in order to improve my A.T skills


(32 pt makes 2 rows






Video and break

› http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HPQN0qrQ0AI

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HPQN0qrQ0AI


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Today’s agenda…











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Today’s agenda…




› Break (20 min)





Learning tools to approach problems analytically. Learning from my coworkers experience. Putting A.T into practice HW: Make a self assessment reflection of what I need to get done in order to improve my A.T skills


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PART III: Personal Experience; The light analysis



AND DATA


AND DATA


AND DATA


SOLUTIONS6. IDENTIFY RECOMMENDED

SOLUTIONS


RECOMMENDATION

RED: BAD PERFORMANCE

YELLOW: OK PERFORMANCE

GREEN: GREAT PERFORMANCE


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Personal Experience; The GYM dilemma

How Can I get in Shape with just

few time to work out every day?

3 hours of Gym and

eating badly

Eating well + 1 hour of GYM

daily

Lunch time workout with routine + strict

diet

Normal lunch time and workout after

work at ///

Eating at the GYM

Buying healthy groceries and cooking

the day before

Not training at the with same strength

due to schedule time

Pre close & Reporting deadlines

Waking up at 4 am everyday

Quit from ///

Tired by after lunch time

Feeling well about my dedication

PROBLEM HOW? HOW?

More time cooking

Cheaper optionMore expensive but worth the time saving

Not Worrying at diet

Less time to sleep

No time to cook dinner

Bad performance at work

More ladies Around

Fail at work due to poor performance

Not looking for a w

ife yet…


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WE HAVE LEARNED…





› Personal Experience (10-12 min)






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Today’s agenda…




› Break (20 min)







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PART IV: BRAIN TEASER; The HR Game

The HR Head invites you to a game. Can you beat him? These are the rules: You chose if you start or if you are 2nd. Starting from 10 the two of you always take turns and add a number between 1 and 10. Who is able to reach exactly 100, wins the game.


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Today’s agenda…



› Developing Analytical Thinking Skills (50 - 60 min)








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Today’s agenda…











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Sources where we can improve our critical thinking

› Executive Development

› Critical Thinking Boot camp. http://www.executivedevelopment.com/the-critical-thinking-boot-camp/

http://www.executivedevelopment.com/the-critical-thinking-boot-camp/

http://www.executivedevelopment.com/the-critical-thinking-boot-camp/


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Following SIMPLE RULES this rules Study that identifies what’s is important on a Analyst

-Identifies cause effect relationships

-Discover central or underlying issues quickly

-Notices discrepancies or inconsistencies

-Uses deductive and inductive reasoning

- Do not make assumptions unless you have enough evidence and conclusion to draw strong conclusions.

actively question assumptions “never stop asking questions”

-Draw logical conclusions using solid judgment

-Separate fact from inference and assumptions

analytical thinking rev b

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