Analyzing Visual Art

“Picturing John James Audubon”NEH Summer Institute

Indiana University

John James Audubon, Golden Eagle, 1833Watercolor, pastel, graphite, and selective glazing on paper, 38 x 25 ½ in., The New-York Historical Society

1. THE OBJECT VIEWED

2. STYLE AND TECHNIQUE

3. ICONOGRAPHY

4. BIOGRAPHY

5. CULTURAL HISTORY

Analyzing Visual Art

John James Audubon, Golden Eagle, 1833Watercolor, pastel, graphite, and selective glazing on paper, 38 x 25 ½ in.,

The New-York Historical Society

1. THE OBJECT VIEWED

Robert Havell after Audubon, Golden Eagle, 1833-38Hand-colored engraving from The Birds of America, plate 181

John James Audubon, Golden Eagle, 1833Watercolor, pastel, graphite, and selective glazing on paper, 38 x 25 ½ in.,

The New-York Historical Society

1. THE OBJECT VIEWED

Robert Havell after Audubon, Golden Eagle, 1833Hand-colored engraving, 37 ¼ x 26 ½ in., plate 181 from The Birds of America

Robert Havell after John James Audubon, Copper Engraving Plate of Common Loon, 1830

Copper, 41 ½ x 28 ½ n., American Museum of Natural History, New York

1. THE OBJECT VIEWED

Robert Havell after John James Audubon, Common Loon, 1830

Uncolored engraving on paper, 41 ½ x 28 ½ in., American Museum of Natural History, New York

1. THE OBJECT VIEWED

John James Audubon, Red-winged Blackbird, 1805Pastel, graphite, and ink on paper, 38 x 22 cm., Houghton Library, Harvard University

1. THE OBJECT VIEWED

John James Audubon, Dusky Petrel, 1826Pencil on paper, 7 ¾ x 12 1/8 in., Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University

1. THE OBJECT VIEWED

John James Audubon, English Pheasants Surprised by a Dog, 1827Oil on canvas, 57 x 93 in., Racquet & Tennis Club, New York

1. THE OBJECT VIEWED

Reconstruction of Audubon’s wire-mounted bird modeling technique

1. THE OBJECT VIEWED

Audubon’s print shipping boxAmerican Museum of Natural History, New York

1. THE OBJECT VIEWED

Audubon’s portable lapdeskMahogany, New-York Historical Society

1. THE OBJECT VIEWED

Audubon memorabilia (hat, parfleched, gun, pistol, war club, pipe/tomahawk, axe)American Museum of Natural History, New York

1. THE OBJECT VIEWED

Lucy Audubon, Beaded Purse, before 1826New-York Historical Society

2. STYLE AND TECHNIQUE

John James Audubon, Golden Eagle, 1833Watercolor, pastel, graphite, and selective glazing on paper, 38 x 25 ½ in., The New-York Historical Society

John James Audubon, Fish Hawk or Osprey, 1806Pastel, watercolor, graphite, and ink on paper, 57 x 63 cm.,

Houghton Library, Harvard University

Mark Catesby, Fishing Hawk, hand-colored etching, 10 x 14 in., from The Natural History of Carolina, Florida, and the

Bahama Islands, 2 vols. (London, 1731-47)

2. STYLE AND TECHNIQUE

Robert Havell after John James Audubon, Fish Hawk or Osprey, 1832Hand-colored engraving, 38 ¼ x 26 ½ in., from The Birds of America, pl. 81

2. STYLE AND TECHNIQUE

2. STYLE AND TECHNIQUE

Robert Havell after John James Audubon, Great Blue Heron, 1835Hand-colored engraving, 38 ¼ x 25 ½ in., from The Birds of America, plate 281

2. STYLE AND TECHNIQUE

John James Audubon, Golden Eagle, 1833New-York Historical Society

Jacques-Louis David, Napoleon Crossing the Alps, 1800Oil on canvas, 102 x 87 in., Château de Malmaison, Rueil-Malmaison

2. STYLE AND TECHNIQUE

John James Audubon, Golden Eagle, 1833 Watercolor on paper, 38 x 25 ½ in., New-York Historical Society

J.-L. David, Napoleon Crossing the Alps, 1800Oil on canvas, 102 x 87 in., Château de Malmaison, Rueil-Malmaison

3. ICONOGRAPHY

John James Audubon, Golden Eagle, 1833Watercolor, pastel, graphite, and selective glazing on paper, 38 x 25 ½ in., The New-York Historical Society

3. ICONOGRAPHY

John James Audubon, Golden Eagle, 1833, and detail of self-portraitWatercolor, pastel, graphite, and selective glazing on paper, 38 x 25 ½ in., The New-York Historical Society

John James Audubon, Nicholas Augustus Berthoud, 1819Pastel on paper, 10 x 8 in., Speed Art Museum, Louisville

3. ICONOGRAPHY

John James and Victor Gifford Audubon, Wolverine or Glutton, 1841Mixed media, 36 x 25 in., American Museum of Natural History, New York

3. ICONOGRAPHY

John James Audubon, Golden Eagle, 1833Watercolor, pastel, graphite, and selective glazing on paper, 38 x 25 ½ in., The New-York Historical Society

4. BIOGRAPHY

4. BIOGRAPHY

John James Audubon, Golden Eagle, 1833, and detailWatercolor, pastel, graphite, and selective glazing on paper, 38 x 25 ½ in., The New-York Historical Society

4. BIOGRAPHY

John Syme, John James Audubon, 1826Oil on canvas, 35 x 27 in., White House Collection, Washington, D.C.

4. BIOGRAPHY

G. P. A. Healy, John James Audubon, 1838Oil on canvas, 35 x 27 in., Museum of Science, Boston

Victor Gifford and John Woodhouse Audubon, John James Audubon, 1841Oil on canvas, 44 x 60 in., American Museum of Natural History, New York

4. BIOGRAPHY

4. BIOGRAPHY

Life mask of John James Audubon, c. 1830?Plaster, New-York Historical Society

Anonymous Japanese artist, John James Audubon Discovers his Work Eaten by Rats, 1873Woodcut, Library of Congress

4. BIOGRAPHY

After Frederick Cruikshank, Lucy Bakewell Audubon, 1831Albumen print carte-de-visite, 10.3 x 6.4 cm., New Brunswick Museum

4. BIOGRAPHY

Bogardus Galleries (NY), Lucy Bakewell Audubon, c.1860Albumen print carte-de-visite, 10.1 x 6.1 cm., New Brunswick Museum

John James Audubon, Golden Eagle, 1833Watercolor, pastel, graphite, and selective glazing on paper, 38 x 25 ½ in., The New-York Historical Society

5. CULTURAL HISTORY

John James Audubon, Self-Portrait, 1826Graphite on paper,

5. CULTURAL HISTORY

John Gadsby Chapman, Col. David Crockett, 1835Oil on canvas, Alamo Museum, San Antonio, TX

John James Audubon, Self-Portrait, 1826Graphite on paper,

5. CULTURAL HISTORY

George Caleb Bingham,Daniel Boone Escorting Settlers through the Cumberland Gap, 1851-52

Oil on canvas, 36 ½ x 50 ¼ in., Washington University Art Gallery, St. Louis

John James Audubon, Self-Portrait, 1826Graphite on paper,

5. CULTURAL HISTORY

George Catlin, “The Author Painting a Chief at the Base of the Rocky Mountains,” frontispiece to

Catlin, Letters and Notes, 1841

John James Audubon, White-headed Eagle, 1828Hand-colored engraving, 37 x 25 ¼ in., from The Birds of America, plate 31

5. CULTURAL HISTORY

Charles Willson Peale, The Artist in His Museum, 1822Oil on canvas, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts

5. CULTURAL HISTORY

Audubon, White-headed Eagle, 1828Hand-colored engraving, 37 x 25 ¼ in., from The Birds of America, plate 31

John James Audubon, Wild Turkey, 1825

Watercolor and graphite on paper, 38 ¾ x 26 in., New-York Historical Society

John James Audubon, Black Vulture, 1829Pastel, watercolor, graphite, collage on paper, 23 3/8 x 36 1/8 in., New-York Historical Society

5. CULTURAL HISTORY

Théodore Géricault, Severed Heads, 1818Oil on canvas, 50 x 61 cm., Nationalmuseum, Stockholm

5. CULTURAL HISTORY

John James Audubon, Black Vulture, 1829Pastel, watercolor, graphite, collage on paper, 23 3/8 x 36 1/8 in., New-York

Historical Society

Robert Havell after John James Audubon, Passenger Pigeon, 1832Hand-colored engraving, 26 x 20 ½ in., from The Birds of America, plate 62

5. CULTURAL HISTORY

Havell after Audubon, Passenger Pigeon, 1832The Birds of America, plate 62

5. CULTURAL HISTORY

“Martha,” believed to be the last Passenger Pigeon, in the Cincinnati Zoo, 1914

5. CULTURAL HISTORY

Bird-hat fashions, c. 1900

George Bird Grinnell, 1849-1938

5. CULTURAL HISTORY

National Audubon Society, incorporated 1905

5. CULTURAL HISTORY

Andrew Jackson Grayson, Northern Jacana, 1861Watercolor, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley

5. CULTURAL HISTORY

Louis Agassiz Fuertes, Bateleur (Helotarses ecaudatus), 1927Watercolor, Paul Kasmin Gallery

5. CULTURAL HISTORY

Walton Ford, Madagascar, 2002Watercolor, gouache, ink, and pencil on paper, Paul Kasmin Gallery

5. CULTURAL HISTORY

Jean-Luc Mylayne, PO-30, Janvier-Fevrier, 2006Unique color print, 123 x 153 cm., Coll. Jean Luc Mylayne

5. CULTURAL HISTORY