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INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY

ANATOMICAL TERMS

DISCIPLINES OF ANATOMY

MacroscopicMicroscopicDevelopmentalNeuroanatomyMedicosNotes.com

Anatomical Terms @MedicosNotes.com

DEFINITION: Anatomy is the science of structure and function of the body anatome = ana (up) + tome (cutting)

BASIC ANATOMY :is the study of the minimal amount of anatomy consistent with the understanding of the overall structure and function of the body

CLINICAL ANATOMY :is the study of the macroscopic structure and function of the body as it relates to the practice of medicine and other health sciences

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APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF GROSS ANATOMY

Regional anatomySystemic anatomy MedicosNotes.com


ORGANIZATION OF THE HUMAN BODY Cells are the smallest living unit of bodyA tissue is a grouping of like cells working together. An organ is a structure composed of several different tissues performing a particular function.Systems are groups of organs which together perform an overall function.

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HUMAN ANATOMICAL TERMSMake up a distinctnomenclatureto describe:Areas of the bodyTo provide orientation when describing parts ofhuman anatomyTo distinguish different movements of the body.MedicosNotes.com


ANATOMICAL POSITIONBody erectHead, eyes, toes directed forwardLimbs at sides of bodyPalms directed forward

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ANATOMICAL POSITIONWhen the body is lying face down in the anatomical position, this is called theproneposition. When the body is lying face up, this is called thesupineposition.

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ANATOMICAL PLANESMedian Sagittal/Median plane

Para Median /Sagittal

Frontal (coronal)

Horizontal (transverse)MedicosNotes.com


MEDIAN PLANE

Vertical plane, passing through the center of body, dividing it into two equal halves right and leftMedicosNotes.com


PARAMEDIAN PLANE

Vertical, parallel to median plane

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Vertical, perpendicular to median planeseparates the body into Anterior and Posterior parts

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Parallel to floor, perpendicular to median & coronal planeSeparates the body into Superior and Inferior parts

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ANATOMICAL TERMS RELATED TO POSITION

VENTRAL/ANTERIOR(palmar)DORSAL/POSTERIOR CEPHALIC/SUPERIOR.CAUDAL/INFERIOR(planter) UPPER LOWERMIDDLE/MEDIUS/INTERMEDIATESUPERFICIAL. DEEPPROXIMALDISTALIPSILATERAL CONTRA LATERALEXTERNAL. INTERNALMEDIAL (ulnar/tibial)LATERAL(radial/fibular)

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ANTERIOR/POSTERIOR

Anterior (ventral) closer to the anterior surface of the bodyPosterior (dorsal) closer to the posterior surface of the bodyreference point -- frontal or coronal plane

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DORSAL/VEVTRAL

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SUPERIOR/INFERIORSuperior (closer to the head)Inferior (closer to the feet)reference point -- horizontal plane

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SUPERFICIAL/DEEPReference point is surface of body

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PROXIMAL/DISTAL IPSILATERAL/ CONTRA LATERALProximal closer to root of limbsDistal further away from the root of limbsReference point -- the origin of a structure

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EXTERNAL/INTERNALrefers to a hollow structure (external being outside and internal being inside)

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MEDIAL/LATERAL

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TERMS RELATED TO MOVEMENTJOINTMovements of trunk in sagittal plane:FLEXION (bending anteriorly)EXTENSION (straightening posteriorly)PLANTER FLEXION ------- DORSIFLEXIONMovements of trunk in coronal plane:ADDUCTION (Towards the median plane)..ABDUCTIONLATERAL FLEXIONMovements of a part of body around its long axis:MEDIAL ROTATION (Anterior surface of part facing medially)LATERAL ROTATION

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TERMS RELATED TO MOVEMENTPRONATION (medial rotation of forearm)SUPINATIONCIRCUMDUCTION (Flexion/extention/abduction/ adduction)INVERSION (Sole faces medially) . EVERSIONPROTRACTION (To move forward)..RETRACTIONPROTRUSION.RETRACTIONDEPRESSION..ELEVATION

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The terms "posterior", "ipsilateral", and "supine" mean:

Superior, same side, and lying face downDorsal, opposite side, and lying on backVentral, same side and lying face downDorsal, same side, and lying on backDistal, opposite side, and lying face downMedicosNotes.com

The anatomical plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves is the:

Horizontal.Median.Transverse.Sagittal.Coronal.MedicosNotes.com

The word caudal is a directional term that indicates "________".

A. Towards the head end of the bodyB. Away from the head C. Towards the midline of the body D. Away from the midline of the body MedicosNotes.com

The hand is located at the ________ end of the forearm.

A. proximal

B. medial

C. Interior

D. distal

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Coronal plane runs ________, dividing the body or any of its parts into anterior and posterior portions.

A. crosswise

B. from front to back

C. from side to side

D. through midline MedicosNotes.com

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