The Department of Human anatomy

Blood vessels, innervation, and lymph

system of the lower limb.

PLAN 1.The Blood supply Of The Lower Limb. 2. THE VEINS Of The Lower Limb. 3. THE LONG BRANCHES OF THE LUMBAR PLEXUS. 4. THE LONG BRANCHES OF THE SACRAL PLEXUS.

5. THE LYMPH NODES AND VESSELS Of The Lower Limb.

The Blood supply Of The Lower Limb.

Most of the blood supply to the lower limb is carried in the external iliac artery. This becomes the femoral artery as it enters the thigh by passing deep to the inguinal ligament at the groin. In the femoral triangle of the upper thigh, the femoral artery has a major branch; the profunda femoris artery which supplies much of the thigh.

Under the lig. Inguinale a. femoralis can be pressed to os pubis end feel its pulsation. And if press it stronger we may stop the bleeding from its branches.

.

The femoral artery leaves the femoral triangle and runs through the adductor canal. Having passed along the adductor canal, the femoral artery enters the popliteal fossa by passing through the adductor magnus muscle. The name of the vessel then changes to the popliteal artery.

Below the level of the knee joint, the popliteal artery divides into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries. The anterior branch enters the anterior compartment of the leg by passing between the tibia and fibula above the interosseous membrane. It supplies the structures in the anterior compartment of the leg and continues onto the dorsum of the foot as the dorsalis pedis artery, which finally enters the sole of the foot by passing between the firstand second metatarsals.

The posterior tibial artery continues through the shin, lying between the soleus and the deeper muscles and giving off the peroneal artery, which enters the lateral compartment. It then enters the sole of the foot by passing behind the medial malleolus. In the sole it divides into the medial and lateral plantar arteries which anastomose with each other and with the dorsalis pedis artery to supply the anterior foot and toes.

The Superficial Veins of the Lower Extremity

The Great Saphenous VeinThis vein is a conjunction of the dorsal vein of the great toe and the dorsal venous arch of the foot. It travels up the leg, in front of the inner ankle protuberance (anterior to the medial malleolus), and ascends all the way up the lower limb on the inner aspect leg and thigh. At the height of the upper thigh, it enters through the saphenous opening of the fascia lata and empties into the femoral vein.

The great saphenous vein also receives blood from the :

-- anterior and lateral cutaneous veins-- superficial circumflex iliac vein-- superficial epigastric vein-- external pudendal veinThere are some 10 to 12 venous valves in the course of the great saphenous vein.

Small Saphenous VeinThe small saphenous vein begins on the outer part of the foot (lateral aspect) by the joining of the dorsal vein of the little toe with the dorsalvenous arch. It passes behind the outer ankle protuberance (lateral malleolus) and runs up the back of the lower leg. The small saphenous penetrates the deep fascia, travels up between the heads of the gastrocnemius muscle and empties into the popliteal vein in the popliteal fossa (behind the knee).

The Deep Veins of the Lower Extremity The deep veins of the lower extremity accompany the arteries and their branches; they possess numerous valves.

The anterior tibial veins (vv. tibiales

anteriores) The Popliteal Vein (v. poplitea). The valves in the popliteal vein are usually four in number. The femoral vein (v. femoralis) The valves in the femoral vein are three in number.

The Deep Femoral Vein (v. profunda femoris).

THE LONG BRANCHES OF THE LUMBAR PLEXUS.

The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve - supplies the skin of the anterior thigh.

The obturator nerve – to supply motor innervation to all the other adductor muscles.

The femoral nerve is the largest and longest of the nerves of the lumbar plexus. It supplies motor innervation to iliopsoas, pectineus, sartorius, and quadriceps; and sensory branches to the anterior thigh, medial lower leg, and posterior foot.

THE LONG BRANCHES OF THE SACRAL PLEXUS

The posterior femoral cutaneous nerve contributes sensory branches to the skin on the posterior thigh.

The sciatic nerve the largest and longest nerve in the human body, leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen. In the posterior thigh if first gives off branches to the short head of the biceps femoris and then divides into the tibial and common fibular nerves.

Click to edit the outline text format Second Outline

Level Third Outline

Level Fourth

Outline Level

Fifth Outline Level

Sixth Outline Level

Seventh Outline Level

Eighth Outline Level

Ninth Outline LevelОбразец текста

Второй уровень Третий уровень

Четвертый уровень

Пятый уровень

Click to edit the outline text format Second Outline

Level Third Outline

Level Fourth

Outline Level

Fifth Outline Level

Sixth Outline Level

Seventh Outline Level

Eighth Outline Level

Ninth Outline LevelОбразец текста

Второй уровень Третий уровень

Четвертый уровень

Пятый уровень

THE LYMPH NODES AND VESSELS Of The Lower

Limb. I.THE LYMPH NODES- THE Superficial inguinal lymph nodes- THE Deep inguinal lymph nodes- THE Superficial Popliteal lymph nodes - THE Deep Popliteal lymph nodes II. THE VESSELS Of The Lower Limb - THE Superficial lymph vessels a) the medial lymph vessels b) the lateral lymph vessels c) the posterior lymph vessels

- THE DEEP lymph vessels

Thank you for attention!