anatomy and physiology high school and...introduction the anatomy and physiology curriculum guide...

Planned Course of Study

ANATOMY AND

PHYSIOLOGY

HIGH SCHOOL

NORTHWESTERN LEHIGH SCHOOL DISTRICT

6493 ROUTE 309

NEW TRIPOLI, PA 18066

NORTHWESTERN LEHIGH SCHOOL BOARD

2018

Willard Dellicker, President

Todd Hernandez, Vice President

John Casciano, Secretary

Phillip Toll, Treasurer

Joseph Fatzinger

Todd Leiser

Marci Piesciencski

Alan Rex

James Warfel, Ed.D.

John E. Freund III, Esq., Solicitor

ADMINISTRATION

Dr. Mary Anne Wright, Superintendent

Jennifer Holman, Assistant Superintendent

Andrea Edmonds, Director of Pupil Services

Luann E. Matika, Director of Human Resources

LeAnn M. Stitzel, Director of Curriculum and Technology

Aileen Yadush, High School Principal

Donald Allen, High School Assistant Principal

William Dovico, Middle School Principal

Amy Stauffenberg, Middle School Assistant Principal

Jill Berlet, Elementary Principal

Maria Pulli, Elementary Principal

INTRODUCTION

The Anatomy and Physiology curriculum guide contains planned course formats

for the Northwestern Lehigh School District. The content of this document

describes the objectives, activities, assessments, content, time frame, and standard

alignment that serve as a guide to the specific units of study offered in Anatomy

and Physiology.

The Anatomy and Physiology curriculum guide is the product of much diligent

work on the part of the following members of the Science Task Force:

Kristin DiGiacomo

This document reflects their efforts to establish a well-defined and organized

approach to teaching science in the Northwestern Lehigh School District.

Approved by Northwestern Lehigh School District Board of Education

May 2018

LEVEL OF MASTERY DESCRIPTIONS

Recognition (R) Students will be able to recall concepts.

Application (A) Students will be able to apply ideas/skills to a

curricular concept.

Inference (I) Students will be able to evaluate and synthesize

materials or concepts

4 Please note: The activities, assessments, materials and time frame are meant to be used as a guide for educators, and are not meant to be all-inclusive.

Topic 1: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Objective

Students will:

Standard Alignment

&/or Anchor

Level of Mastery

Suggested Activity and Assessment

Materials Time Frame

Define Anatomy and Physiology, differentiated between each and explain their relationship to each other. Also, students will be able to differentiated between fields of study in Anatomy and Physiology

3.1.3.A1, 3.1.3.A2 3.1.B.A8 3.1.12.A 3.1.12.A8

R, A Independent Reading

Lecture Notes

Diagrams

Feedback Loop Labeling

Banana dissection

Blood Pressure Lab – Exercise Lab

Tour of Body Systems Research

Lab Reports

Summative Assessments

Formative Assessments

SMART Board

Laptop Computers

PowerPoint

Laboratory Equipment

Model of Human Torso

Textbook

Bananas

Scalpel

Electronic Blood Pressure Kits or Sphygmomanometers

Stopwatches

Anatomy coloring book and workbook

9 -10 days

Describe Levels of Organization in the Body

R, A

Review the Characteristics of Life

R

Learn and Apply Directional and Regional Terminology

A

Know the names of the different Body Cavities and Planes and the organs located in each

R

Be able to identify the different the 11 Organ Systems of the Body And Understand their Basic functions

A


Understand the mechanisms of Homeostasis:

Differentiate between positive and negative feedback mechanisms

Be able to provide examples of each (blood sugar regulation, childbirth)

Identify and define the parts of a homeostatic feedback mechanism (effector, receptor, afferent pathway, etc.)

Explain what happens when homeostasis is not maintained in the body

R, A, I


Topic 2: Histology Objective

Students will:

Standard Alignment

&/or Anchor

Level of Mastery



Identify the four primary tissue types of the body (epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous) and their chief subcategories.

3.1.12.A8 R, A Independent Reading

Lecture

Notes

Diagrams Labs: 1. Epithelial Tissue Lab 2. Connective Tissue Lab 3. Muscle and Nerve Tissue Labs

Lab Practical

Quizzes

Histology Test

SMART Board

Laptop Computers

PowerPoint


Textbooks

Internet Access

Compound Light Microscopes

Stereomicroscopes

Colored pencils

Prepared slides of epithelial tissue : simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, stratified and transitional

Prepared slides of connective tissue: blood, osseous tissue, adipose tissue, dense regular connective tissue, hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage, adipose tissue, reticular and areolar

Prepared Slides of nervous tissue, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and skeletal muscle


10-12 days

Epithelial Tissue:

Naming

Location in body

Functions

Characteristics

Identify specializes structures

R, A

Connective:

Body location

Jobs

Characteristics (extracellular matrix)

Jobs

Identify specialized structures

R, A

Nerve:

Job

Location

Specialized structures Muscle:

Know jobs of and differentiated between skeletal, cardiac and smooth

Identify specific features

R, A

Discuss the process of tissue repair and the inflammatory response

R, A

Identify homeostatic imbalances related to histology: Lupus, Marfan Syndrome

R, A, I


Topic 3: Integumentary System Objective

Students will:

Standard Alignment

&/or Anchor

Level of Mastery



Describe the Major functions of the Integumentary System and their role in maintaining homeostasis

3.1.12.A8 R, A, I Independent Reading

Lecture Notes

Diagram of skin cross section

Microanatomy of Skin Lab

Sweat Gland Lab

Human vs Animal Hair

Fingernail and print lab

Skin Models (Normal. Burned skin, and skin Cancer)

Quizzes

Test

SMART Board

Laptop Computers

PowerPoint


Textbooks

Internet Access

Compound Light Microscopes

Stereomicroscopes

Slides

Coverslips

Pipettes

Prepared Slides of pigmented and non-pigmented skin, skin with hair, plantar and palmar skin, cross section of hair follicles and sweat glands

Skin Model Cross Section and Model of Burns


7 days

Distinguish between the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis of the skin

R

Describe the functions of the epidermis

R

Know layer of the epidermis their jobs and characteristics (Stratum basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum)

R

Know the cells of the epidermis and their functions: keratinocytes, melanocytes, Merkel Cells

R

Describe the structure and function of the dermis

R

Name the glands of the skin, their function, and describe the secretions they produce

R

Describe Hair and Nail structures and their functions

R

Describe the 3 Major Types of Skin Cancer

Discuss possible causes

Prevention

ABCDE Rule

R, A, I


Describe Burns:

Know the 3 Types of Burns

Characteristics

Rule of 9’s

Treatment

R, A, I

Be able to understand and explain skin disorders such as skin cancer, acne, eczema, psoriasis, seborrhea, decubitus ulcers

R,A, I


Topic 4: The Skeleton – Part 1- (Introduction to Osseous Tissue and Bone Homeostasis) Objective

Students will:

Standard Alignment

&/or Anchor

Level of Mastery



Describe Microanatomy of the skeletal system and be able to identify microscopic bone structures including Haversian systems, osteocytes, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, bone matrix, periosteum

3.1.12.A8 A Independent Reading

Lecture Notes

Diagrams: Microanatomy of bones, features of a long bone.

Microanatomy of bone lab

Pictorial representation of negative feedback.

Bone Model Lab

X Ray Lab (basic)

X Ray Lab with breaks

Quizzes

Tests

SMART Board

PowerPoint

3D Model of Compact Bone and Haversian System

Prepared Slides: mammal bone cross section, mammal bone longitudinal section

X ray lab slides


7 days

Differentiate between the basic structure of compact and spongy bone

R

Describe the structure and function of the parts of a long bone: epiphysis, diaphysis, spongy bone, growth plate, periosteum, hyaline cartilage, etc.

R

Identify bones by shape: long, short, irregular, flat

Explain Calcium Regulation in Blood via a Negative Feedback Mechanism

A

Discuss and be able to identify types of bone fractures and possible causes

R, A, I

Understand the basics of Bone Growth

R

Discuss Bone and Fracture Repair Processes

R, A

Describe some disorders and diseases affecting the skeletal system such as: osteomalacia, rickets, and osteoporosis

I


Topic 4: The Skeleton – Part 2 – (The Axial Skeleton) Objective

Students will:

Standard Alignment

&/or Anchor

Level of Mastery



Discuss the jobs of the axial skeleton

3.1.12.A8 R Independent Reading

Lecture Notes

Diagrams

Labs:

Identify bones and bone markings through the use of various skeletal models (skull, vertebrae, full skeleton)

Lab practical

Quizzes

Test

SMART Board

Laptop Computers

PowerPoint


Textbooks

Internet Access

Models of the following: Human skulls, entire human skeletons, vertebrae types, herniated discs


7 days

Identify the bones and prominent bone markings of the skull, bony thorax, and vertebral column

R

Understand and differentiate between axial skeleton disorders such as: kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis, and spina bifida

Know possible treatments for the disorders

I

Topic 4: The Skeleton – Part 3 – (Appendicular Skeleton) Objective

Students will:

Standard Alignment

&/or Anchor

Level of Mastery



Be able to identify all the bones and bone markings of the appendicular skeleton

3.1.12.A8 R, A Independent Reading

Lecture Notes

Diagrams

Stations of consisting of: full skeletons, lower appendages, and upper appendages

Male vs Female Pelvis Model

Lab: Victim – Male or Female

Advanced X Ray Lab

Lab Practical



SMART Board

Laptop Computers

PowerPoint


Textbooks

Internet Access

Models of Full Skeletons, Limbs, Male and Female Pelvises


6 Days

Distinguish between male and female skeletons and be able to explain why there are differences

R, A, I

Be able to identify all bones of the skeleton (axial and appendicular)

R, A, I


Topic 5: Articulations Objective

Students will:

Standard Alignment

&/or Anchor

Level of Mastery



Describe and locate the different types of joints including synovial, fibrous, and cartilaginous, and compare the amount of movement allowed by each

3.1.12.A8 A Independent Reading

Lecture Notes

Diagrams

Labs: o Exercise Description

Activity o Models of Joints Labs

Expose students to x-ray, MRI images, photos, and surgical procedures involving joint injuries

Videos of Surgical Procedures

Quizzes

Tests

SMART Board

Laptop Computers

PowerPoint


Textbooks

Internet Access

Models of various joints: elbow, knee, hip, suture, gomphosis


6 Days

Know factors that affect joint stability

A

Identify the parts of a synovial joint: Ligaments, bursa, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, articulating surfaces

R

Distinguish between the following movements:

flexion/extension, rotation/circumduction, abduction/adduction, supination/pronation inversion / eversion

and be able to use them to describe various exercises

I

Identify joint injuries such as sprains, strains, dislocations, bursitis and tendonitis

A

Be able to describe techniques / surgical procedures used to treat injuries sustained at joints

R, A, I

Differentiate between rheumatoid, osteoarthritis, and gouty arthritis

Know basic treatments for each

A, I


Topic 6: Muscular System (Physiology and Microanatomy) Objective

Students will:

Standard Alignment

&/or Anchor

Level of Mastery



Differentiate between skeletal cardiac and smooth muscle in terms of microanatomy and functions in the body

3.1.12.A8 R, A Lecture Notes

Diagrams (muscle membranes, neuromuscular junction, superficial muscles of the body)

Labs: o Muscle Contraction

Animation Write-Up o Microanatomy of

Muscles and Nerves (skeletal, cardiac, and smooth, and neurons)

o Giant Sarcomere and Neuromuscular Junction Models

o Muscle Fatigue Lab

Quizzes

Tests

SMART Board

Laptop Computers

PowerPoint


Textbooks

Internet Access Compound light microscopes

Clothespins or tennis balls

stopwatch

Prepared slides of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle, neurons, and Neuromuscular Junctions


9 days

Name, identify and describe muscle organization from muscle to myofilaments

R

Name and identify connective tissue wrappings: epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

R

Know the organelles associated with muscle cells: sarcolemma, sarcoplasm, t-tubules, sarcoplasmic reticulum

Know their jobs in conduction of an action potential

R, A

Describe how an action potential is initiated in a muscle cell and the events of muscle cell contraction

R, A, I

Know the jobs of the Muscle System

R, A

Explain the mechanisms of the Sliding filament model and relate it to movement of entire muscle

R,A,I

Know how the various ways muscle acquire and use energy:

Glycolysis, direct phosphorylation, cellular respiration

Know during which activity each would be used

R, A, I

Differentiate between isometric and isotonic contractions

R, A


Topic 7: Muscular System Gross Anatomy Objective

Students will:

Standard Alignment

&/or Anchor

Level of Mastery



Know the way muscles are named: origin, insertion, shape, size, direction of fibers

3.1.12.A8 R Lecture Notes

Diagrams of Muscles

Labs: Stations with muscle models

Lab Practical

Muscle Action Test

SMART Board

Laptop Computers

PowerPoint


Textbooks

Full Body Muscle Man

Forearm muscle model

Leg muscle model

Muscle of the face model


7 days

Know important terms associated with muscles: agonist, prime mover, synergist etc.

R

Students will be able to know the actions of various superficial muscles in the body

R,A

Students will know the location of various superficial muscles of the body

R,A


Topic 8: Nervous System Objective

Students will:

Standard Alignment

&/or Anchor

Level of Mastery



Identify and describe the divisions and subdivisions of the nervous system


Lecture Notes

Diagrams

Labs: o Reaction Time Lab o Reflex Lab o Neurophysiology

Webquest

Quizzes

Tests

SMART Board

Laptop Computers

PowerPoint


Textbooks

Internet Access

Stopwatches

Meter sticks

Reflex Lab Kit


8 days

Name and describe the functions of the nervous system

R

Identify the major parts of a neuron on slides or diagrams

R

Differentiate between neurons and supporting cells in both the CNS and PNS

A

Explain the basic processes of Neural physiology such as :

how an action potential is propagated from along an axon

resting state (Na/K pump)

events occurring at a synapse

A

Be able to identify the parts of and describe a reflex arc

R

Discuss Diseases / Disorders of the Nervous System such as MS and ALS

I


Topic 9: CNS Objective

Students will:

Standard Alignment

&/or Anchor

Level of Mastery



Name the major regions of the human brain


Lecture Notes

Diagrams

Homunculus Lab

Sheep Brain Dissection

Brain Model Lab



SMART Board

Laptop Computers

PowerPoint


Models of Human Brains

Sheep brains

Dissection Tools

Textbook


9 days

Describe the functions of the major regions of the brain including:

Cerebral Hemispheres

Diencephalon o Thalamus o Hypothalamus o epithalamus

Brain Stem o Midbrain o medulla oblongata

Cerebellum

R

Locate the cerebral cortex and know the regions associated with it and their functions

R, A

Label the pathway of sensory impulses through the cerebral hemispheres

A

Describe the functions of the ventricles of the brain

R

Explain how the meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood brain barrier protect the CNS

R, A

Explain how a lumbar puncture is performed and what it is used to detect

R, A, I

Identify the gross structures of the spinal cord

R

Describe the origin and termination and functions of the major spinal cord tracts

R, A

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