anatomy and physiology of the urinary system.9
TRANSCRIPT
Anatomy and Physiology of the Urinary SystemAbbreviationsPresentation 9
By: Latoyska Howard
Abbreviations
BUN - Blood Urea Nitrogen CATH – Catheterization UTI – Urinary Tract Infection U/A, UA – Urinalysis ARF – Acute Renal Failure
BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)
A diagnostic blood test that measures the kidney functions by the level of nitrogenous waste (urea) that’s in the blood
Urea Made in the liver Made when protein is broken down in the body Made in the liver and passed through in the urine
BUN Testing
BUN test is done to see how well your kidneys are functioning. Test how well, your kidneys pass blood
through UreaToo much Urea BUN levels will rise.
Heart failure, liver disease, high protein diets can cause this as well.
Pregnancy usually causes low Bun levels
BUN/ Creatinine Test
Creatinine A waste product formed by the breakdown of
substance creatine. Converts food into energy Filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and then passed out
by the urine. helps determine how well your kidneys are working.
BUN and Creatinine ratio easier to check for problems in the kidneys.
Such as: Dehydration and other issues that can cause kidney failure.
CATH (Catheterization)
Catheterization: A insertion of a tube through the urethra and
into the urinary bladder for the purpose of withdrawing urine or inserting dye.
Catheterization
Used to drain the bladder Long term or short term use, such as:
Unable to control urine Leakage of the bladder, And medical illness that causes weakness of the
bladder Different sizes and materials
Small, large Latex, silicone and Teflon
Three types of Catheters
Indwelling catheter Short term or long term Attaches to the drainage bag to catch urine
Condom catheter Used in elderly men Placed around the penis area Changed every day
Intermittent catheter Short term Used when urine is not able to be controlled at a short period
time.
UTI (Urinary Tract Infection)
Infection, of the urinary system such as bladder and kidneys. Bacteria or foreign objects in the urinary system.
Common in women and children. Most UTI’s are bladder infections
Not serious if treated right away Untreated can spread to your kidneys and cause
damage Treated able with antibiotics
Causes of a UTI
Germs (bacteria) found in the stool and can travel to your bladder and kidney to cause and infection.
Urethra Women have shorter Urethras than men, causing them to have
more infections Having intercourse
Makes it easier for germs to enter Not drinking enough fluids Pregnancy Diabetes
Symptoms of a UTI
Pain or burning during urination Frequency of urination Urine smells bad and cloudy Pain in the back or under the rib cage area Fever, chills, nausea and vomiting Weak immune system
How UTI’s Can be prevented
Drink lots of fluids (water) Cranberry juice
Don’t hold your urine Urinate right after having intercourse
U/A,UA (Urinalysis)
Lab test that consists of physical, chemical and microscopic examination of urine.
U/A: Urine Test
Checks the different components of urine Waste product made
by the kidneys
Cause of symptoms Gives information
about a persons health and condition
What Does a Urinalysis Test
Color Clarity Odor Specific gravity
How the kidney balances water PH Protein Glucose Ketones And many more microscopic test
ARF (Acute Renal Failure)
Kidneys have stopped working and are unable to balance water, salt and minerals in your blood.
When kidneys stops working there is a build of waste and fluids products that can be damaging to ones body.
Causes of ARF
Three main causesSudden drop in blood flow to the kidneysDamage from poisons, medicines, no fluids
and infectionsBlockage from allowing urine to flow from the
kidneys.
Causes of ARF
Drop in blood flow to the kidneys Heavy blood loss Dehydration
Lack of fluids (water, cranberry juice) Injury to the kidney(s) Infection of the kidney
Greater chance to get ARF if: Older adult Long term health problems
Diabetes, kidney disease, liver, obesity, and heart failure. Transplant or serious surgery
Causes of ARF
Damage from poisons, medicines, no fluids and infections Medicines that can cause kidney failure
Antibiotics Pain medicines Dyes used in x-rays
Blockage from allowing urine to flow from the kidneys. Kidney stones Tumor Injury Enlarged prostate (men)
Symptoms
Nausea Little or no urine when urinating No appetite Restless, anxiety, anxious Pain in the back and below the rib cage (kidneys
are located) Its very important to note that everyone is
different and some people may not have symptoms.