anatomy and physiology the human body in health and disease thibodeau and patton
TRANSCRIPT
Anatomy and Physiology
The Human Body in Health and Disease
Thibodeau and Patton
Which word is derived from the Greek word meaning ‘cutting up’?
• dissection• physiology• pathology• anatomy
anatomy
Which word is defined as the study of the function of living organisms and their parts?
• dissection• physiology• pathology• anatomy
physiology
Which word is defined as the scientific study of disease?
• dissection• physiology• pathology• anatomy
pathology
A group of cells that act together to perform a function is called a(n)___
• molecule• organ• tissue• organism
tissue
The levels of organization from most simple to most complex are…
• chemical cell tissue organ organ system
When using directional terms to describe the body, it is assumed
that the body is in what position?• supine• anatomical• lateral• prone
anatomical
The supine position ________
• describes the body lying face up• is also called anatomical position• describes the body lying face down• both 1 and 2
describes the body lying face up
The prone position_____
• describes the body lying face up• is also called anatomical position• describes the body lying face down• both 3 and 2
describes the body lying face down
Humans walk upright, so the term dorsal can be used in place of ______
• inferior• posterior• anterior• distal
posterior
The opposite term for superficial is ____
• deep• inferior• posterior• medial
deep
The body section that divides the right ear from the left ear is a ____ section.
• frontal• sagittal• coronal• transverse
sagittal
The body section that divides the nose from the back of the head is a ___ section.
• frontal• sagittal• midsagittal• transverse
frontal
A section that divides the body into mirror images is a ___section
• frontal• coronal• midsagittal• transverse
midsagittal
The two major body cavities are called______.
• thoracic and abdominal• thoracic and pelvic• dorsal and ventral• mediastinum and pleural
dorsal and ventral
The human body tries to maintain a constant body temp. This is an example of ________.
• homeostasis• an effector• a sensor• a positive feedback loop
homeostasis
The part of a feedback loop that has the direct effect on the regulated condition is
called the ___
• homeostasis• the effector• the sensor• the control center
the effector
The part of the feedback loop that detects a change in the regulated condition is
called _____.
• homeostasis• the effector• the sensor• the control center
the sensor
The part of the feedback loop that compares the present condition to the
homeostatic condition the body is trying to maintain is called ____
• homeostasis• the effector• the sensor• the control center
the control center
When your body temp. drops below normal, your muscles begin to contract
rapidly, making you shiver and generating heat. Your muscles are acting as the
_________.
• sensor• effector• control center• both sensor and control center
Which term means ‘toward the head’?
• anterior• superior• superficial• ventral
superior
Which describes the anatomical relationship of the wrist to the elbow?
• The elbow is proximal to the wrist.• The elbow is distal to the wrist.• The elbow is superficial to the wrist.• The elbow is lateral to the wrist.
the elbow is proximal to the wrist
A coronal plane or section is another term for a ____ plane.
• sagittal• midsagittal• transverse• frontal
frontal
The muscular sheet called the diaphragm divides the ____.
• right and left pleural cavities• thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic
cavities• abdominal and pelvic cavities• thoracic cavity and mediastinum
Which of the following is not part of a cell?
• plasma membrane• interstitial fluid• nucleus• all are part of a cell
interstitial fluid
Which of the following is not a function of the cell membrane?
• protein synthesis• regulates movement in and out of cell• identifying the cell• communication between cells
protein synthesis
Which organelles are called the ‘digestive bags’ of the cell?
• ribosomes• smooth endoplasmic reticulum• mitochondria• lysosome
lysosome
What are the protein factories of the cell?
• mitochondria• lysosomes• ribosomes• Golgi apparatus
ribosomes
What are small fingerlike projections on the plasma membrane that
increase the cell’s abilities to absorb substances?
• microvilli• cilia• flagella• rough endoplasmic reticulum
microvilli
Which structure makes new membranes for the cell?
• rough endoplasmic reticulum• smooth endoplasmic reticulum• Golgi apparatus• mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
Which organelle has a subunit made of RNA?
• ribosome• mitochondria• Golgi apparatus• lysosomes
ribosome
Which of the following is the ‘powerplant of the cell’?
• ribosome• mitochondria• Golgi apparatus• lysosomes
mitochondria
Which are rod-shaped structures that are important in cell division?
• ribosomes• centrioles• Golgi apparatus• mitochondria
centrioles
Which structure has ribosomes attached to it and help transport
proteins through the cell?• rough ER• smooth ER• Golgi apparatus• mitochondria
rough ER
Cellular respiration occurs in which organelle?
• ribosomes• centrioles• Golgi apparatus• mitochondria
mitochondria
What is the process by which substances scatter themselves evenly through an
available space?
• osmosis• diffusion• filtration• dialysis
diffusion
What is the movement of water from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration through a selectively
permeable membrane?
• osmosis• diffusion• filtration• dialysis
osmosis
Because of specific base pairing, if one side of the DNA molecule has the sequence of
adenine-guanine-adenine-cytosine-thymine, the other side would be…
• thymine-cytosine-thymine-guanine-adenine
During which phase of mitosis are the chromosomes lined up in the center of
the cell?
• telophase• anaphase• metaphase• prophase
metaphase
Which organelle contains its own DNA molecule?
• ribosome• mitochondria• Golgi apparatus• smooth ER
mitochondria
A codon consists of which number of nucleotides?
• 1• 3• 2• 4
3
The skeletal system function of hematopoiesis refers to ___.
• storage of calcium• process of blood cell formation• attachment of muscles for
movement• protection of organs
process of blood cell formation
Which term refers to the shaft of a long bone?
• epiphysis• periosteum• endosteum• diaphysis
diaphysis
What is the strong fibrous membrane covering most of the long bone?
• epiphysis• periosteum• endosteum• diaphysis
periosteum
Which term refers to the ends of the long bone?
• epiphysis• periosteum• endosteum• diaphysis
epiphysis
Which membrane lines the medullary cavity?
• epiphysis• periosteum• endosteum• diaphysis
endosteum
Which is the location in the long bone where hematopoiesis occurs?
• epiphysis• periosteum• endosteum• medullary cavity
epiphysis
The structural unit of compact bone is called the ______.
• lamella• canaliculus• osteon• trabecula
osteon
The needlelike threads of spongy bone are called____.
• lamellae• canaliculi• osteons• trabeculae
trabeculae
The rings of calcified matrix that make up the haversian system are called__.
• lamellae• canaliculi• osteons• trabeculae
lamellae
Which structures allow nutrients to reach the osteocytes through the
haversian system?• lamellae• canaliculi• osteons• trabeculae
canaliculi
Bone building cells are called _____.
• osteoblasts• osteoclasts• osteocytes• chondrocytes
osteoblasts
Which of the following are cartilage cells?
• osteoblasts• osteoclasts• osteocytes• chondrocytes
chondrocytes
Which of these are bone resorbing cells?
• osteoblasts• osteoclasts• osteocytes• chondrocytes
osteoclasts
The skeleton can still grow as long as there is cartilage left in the ____.
• haversian system• diaphysis• epiphyseal plate• chondrocytes
epiphyseal plate
An abnormal side-to-side curve in the vertebral column is called ___
• lordosis• kyphosis• scoliosis• convexities
scoliosis
There are ____ pairs of true ribs.
• 12• 14• 5• 7
7
The sutures are an example of which type of joint?
• diarthroses• synarthroses• amphiarthroses• none of the above
synarthroses
Which type of joint uses cartilage to connect bones?
• diarthroses• synarthroses• amphiarthroses• none of the above
amphiarthroses
Diarthrotic joints___
• make up the vast majority of joints in the body• allow the least amount of movement• are surrounded by a joint capsule• both 1 and 3
both 1 and 3
A synovial membrane would most likely be found in ___
• the suture of the skull• a hinge joint• at the symphysis pubis• all of the above would have a
synovial membranea hinge joint
Which joints permit the widest range of movement?
• hinge• pivot• saddle• ball and socket
ball and socket
The storage function of the skeletal system refers to the storage of ____
• red marrow for blood cell formation• mineral sodium• mineral calcium• both sodium and calcium
the mineral calcium
The humerus is an example of a(n) _____ bone.
• long• short• flat• irregular
long
The frontal bone is an example of a(n) ______ bone.
• long• short• flat• irregular
flat
Which of the following bones is not a part of the arm?
• humerus• scapula• radius• ulna
scapula
Which of the following is not one of the bones that make up the hip bone?
• ilium• acetabelum• ishium• pubis
acetabelum
Which is the longest bone of the body?
• humerus• tibia• fibula• femur
femur
Another name for a voluntary muscle is _____ muscle.
• striated• cardiac• skeletal• both striated and skeletal
both striated and skeletal
Intercalated disks are found in _____ muscle.
• striated• cardiac• smooth • all of the above
cardiac
In bending your elbow, the
• triceps brachii is the synergist• biceps brachii is the prime mover• brachialis is the prime mover• biiceps brachii is the antagonist
In extending the elbow, the
• triceps brachii is the prime mover• biceps brachii is the prime mover• brachialis is the prime mover• triceps brachii is the antagonist
The triceps brachii and the biceps brachii ___
• are synergistic for each other• both have their origin in the forearm• are antagonist to each other• both have their insertions in the
shoulder
Tonic contractions____
• help maintain posture• cause an oxygen debt in the body• produce large amounts of lactic acid• both 2 and 3
help maintain posture
Lifting a book off the desk is an example of what type of contraction?
• isometric• twitch• isotonic• both isometric and twitch
isotonic
Trying to lift a 500-pound weight would result in what type of muscle
contraction?• isometric• twitch• isotonic• both isometric and twitch
isometric
Muscle hypertrophy ___
• results from long periods of disuse• results from endurance training• is an increase in muscle size• results from an increase in blood
vessels to a muscle.
Endurance training results in ___
• muscle atrophy• an increase in blood vessels to a
muscle• muscle hypertrophy• an increase in muscle fibers
Strength training causes ____.
• muscle atrophy• an increase in blood vessels to a
muscle• muscle hypertrophy• an increase in number of
mitochondria in a muscle cell
If the muscles of a weightlifter and a marathon runner were compared, the
weightlifter would have ____.
• more mitochondria in each muscle cell• larger muscle cells• more muscles• both 2 and 3
The movement that is opposite of flexion is ____
• abduction• rotation• extension• supination
extension
Shaking your head ‘no’ is what type of movement?
• supination• rotation• abduction• dorsiflexion
rotation
Which type of muscle tissue specialized in contraction or shortening?
• cardiac• smooth• striated• all of the above
all of the above
The origin of a muscle is the __
• attachment to the more movable bone• attachment to the more stationary
bone• muscle most responsible for a
specific movement• both 1 and 3
The insertion of a muscle is the____
• attachment to the more movable bone• attachment to the more stationary
bone• muscle most responsible for a
specific movement• both 2 and 3
Which of the following is not a primary function of the muscular system?
• protection of internal organs not protected by bone• movement• maintaining posture• producing heat for the body
Moving a body part away from the midline is called _____
• abduction• pronation• rotation• adduction
abduction