anatomy & physiology diseases. cerebral palsy disturbance in voluntary muscle action caused by...
TRANSCRIPT
Anatomy & Physiology
Diseases
Cerebral Palsy
• Disturbance in voluntary muscle action• Caused by brain damage (birth injury,
infections)• S&S = exaggerated reflexes, tense muscles,
seizures, speech impairment
• Tx = No cure: muscle relaxants, physical therapy, anti seizure meds
CVA (Stroke)
• Known as cerebrovascular accident• Caused by bleeding artery
• S&S = weakness/ paralysis on 1 side, aphasia, difficulty swallowing
• Tx = Therapy (speech, physical)
Stroke
Dementia
• Loss of mental function• Causes include stroke, head injury,
alcohol/drug abuse, loss of nerve cells
• S&S = forgetful, change in personality / mood
• Tx = No cure; treat symptoms
Alzheimer’s
• Most common type of dementia• Caused by family Hx, aluminum, obesity, &
increasing age
• S&S = memory loss, asking same questions, repeating same story, forgetting simple tasks, getting lost in familiar places
• Tx = No cure; meds to slow disease
Normal Brain Activity
Alzheimer’s
Meningitis
• Inflammation of the meningitis• Caused by bacteria, virus, chemicals (lead)
• S&S = high fever, headache, back/neck pain, stiff neck, N/V, delirium (late sign)
• Tx = antibiotics, pain med, anti seizure med
Parkinson’s Disease
• Chronic, progressive disease• Degeneration of brain cells
• S&S = tremors, stiffness, muscular rigidity, shuffling gait (late sign), loss of facial expression (late sign)
• Tx = No cure; treat symptoms
Parkinson’s Disease
Shingles
• Inflammation of the nerves• Caused by chicken pox virus
• S&S = fluid filled vesicles, severe pain, redness, & inflammation of skin
• Tx = Pain med
Autism
• Range of complex neurodevelopment disorders
• Evident by social impairments, difficulty communicating, & repetitive behavior
• Range from mild (Asperger’s) to severe (autistic disorder)
• S&S = – impaired social interaction– fail to respond to their name– unable to understand emotional cues– repetitive movements
• Cues for autism– No single words by 16 mths (just noise)– No response to name– Poor eye contact (no interaction)– Lack of physical touch
– Inability to make friends– Inability to converse with others– Absent imaginative play– Intense focus on certain objects– Inflexible with change of a routine
• Causes (Theories)– Genetic– Disruption of brain development in utero– Enviromental