Anatomy & PhysiologyAnatomy & Physiology

Study of human Study of human biology is divided biology is divided into into two primary areas.two primary areas.

1. Anatomy - (Greek Ana = up, tome cutting) field of 1. Anatomy - (Greek Ana = up, tome cutting) field of study that describe the study that describe the

A. Gross Anatomy - study of body structures that are A. Gross Anatomy - study of body structures that are

B. Microanatomy - level B. Microanatomy - level only.only. Histology - .Histology - .

C. Systematic Anatomy - Studies body structure C. Systematic Anatomy - Studies body structure (skeletal, muscular).(skeletal, muscular).

D. Regional Anatomy - with in a D. Regional Anatomy - with in a given region (head, leg).given region (head, leg).

2. Physiology - (Greek physio = 2. Physiology - (Greek physio = nature, logic=study)nature, logic=study)

A. Human physiology – Study of A. Human physiology – Study of specific specific

B. Cellular & Systemic Physiology – B. Cellular & Systemic Physiology – emphasizesemphasizes

Structural Levels of OrganizationStructural Levels of Organization

Small (Simple) to Large Small (Simple) to Large (Complex) (Complex)

Organ SystemsOrgan Systems

Characteristics of LifeCharacteristics of Life1. 1.

2. 2. Anabolism - build upAnabolism - build up

Catabolism - break downCatabolism - break down

3. 3.

4. 4.

5.5.

6. 6.

Homeostasis - Balance of Homeostasis - Balance of LifeLife

Internal environment is Internal environment is to the world around itself.to the world around itself.

Two types of ControlTwo types of Control

1. Negative 1. Negative feedback –feedback –

..

Negative FeedbackNegative Feedback

2. Positive feedback - rare in a healthy body because 2. Positive feedback - rare in a healthy body because a change in normal statea change in normal state

Health & DiseaseHealth & Disease

Disease any reduction from theDisease any reduction from the

Acute –Acute –

Chronic –Chronic –

Symptoms - sensations, dizziness, painSymptoms - sensations, dizziness, pain

Diagnosis - identifying a disease from its symptomsDiagnosis - identifying a disease from its symptoms

Classification of diseaseClassification of disease1. Congenital -1. Congenital -

Can be inheritedCan be inheritedMay cause deathMay cause deathEx. Ex.

2. Immunological – 2. Immunological – Defense reaction by white blood cells (WBC’s)Defense reaction by white blood cells (WBC’s)Ex.Ex.

3. Metabolic3. Metabolic

May cause death trauma.May cause death trauma.Ex.Ex.

4. Neoplastic4. Neoplastic

Ex.Ex.

Directional termsDirectional terms

DirectionsDirections

Correct Anatomical PositionCorrect Anatomical Position

1. Facing1. Facing

a. a.

2. Palms2. Palms

a. a.

b. b.

Body Planes (imaginary planes)Body Planes (imaginary planes)

3 Basic Types3 Basic Types

Sagittal – Sagittal –

Midsagittal - Midsagittal -

Parasagittal -Parasagittal -

2. Frontal -2. Frontal -

3. Horizontal – 3. Horizontal –

halves Cross Section halves Cross Section (transverse).(transverse).

The Body PlanThe Body Plan

Body Parts & RegionsBody Parts & Regions

Body Cavities (Spaces)Body Cavities (Spaces)

2 Major2 Major1. Dorsal Cavities1. Dorsal Cavities

2. Ventral Cavities2. Ventral Cavities - upper- upper

a. a.

Abdominal Pelvic Abdominal Pelvic CavityCavity

a. a. b. b. separate separate the 2 cavitiesthe 2 cavities

Body Cavities (Spaces)Body Cavities (Spaces)

2 Major2 Major1. Dorsal Cavities1. Dorsal Cavities

Cranial CavityCranial CavityVertebrate CanalVertebrate Canal

2. Ventral Cavities2. Ventral CavitiesThoracic - upperThoracic - upper

a. Pleurala. Pleuralb. Pericardialb. Pericardial

Abdominal Pelvic Abdominal Pelvic CavityCavity

a. Abdominal a. Abdominal cavitycavityb. Pelvic Cavityb. Pelvic Cavity

Diaphragm separate the 2 cavitiesDiaphragm separate the 2 cavities

Cavities are covered by Cavities are covered by membranesmembranes

Serous Membrane –Serous Membrane –

..

a. Visceral –a. Visceral –

b. Parietal - b. Parietal -

c. usually fluid between the two to c. usually fluid between the two to reduce friction by body movement.reduce friction by body movement.

Cavities are covered by Cavities are covered by membranesmembranes

2. - Surrounds the heart.2. - Surrounds the heart.

3. – Covers the lungs.3. – Covers the lungs.

4. – Lines the abdominolpelvic cavity.4. – Lines the abdominolpelvic cavity. A. – fused peritoneum to support organsA. – fused peritoneum to support organs B. – behind the peritonium.B. – behind the peritonium.

Cavities are covered Cavities are covered by membranesby membranes