anatomy & physiology the human body. body organization what’s the smallest unit of life?...
TRANSCRIPT
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Anatomy & Physiology
The Human Body
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Body OrganizationWhat’s the smallest unit of life?
CellHuman Body: 100 trillion cells
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Cells tissues organs organ systems organisms
Body Organization (cont.)
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Levels of Organization
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Skeletal SystemBones:22 skull27 hand26 foot
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Skeletal System (cont.)
# of bones:Adults 206Babies 300
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Two Divisions:–Axial skeleton:
Includes: skull, vertebrae, sternum, ribs, hyoid bone
–Appendicular skeleton:Includes: pectoral and pelvic girdles, bones of the arms, forearms, wrists, hands, thighs, legs, and feet.
Skeletal System (cont.)
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Axial Skeleton
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Appendicular
Skeleton
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Bone Structure
Bone cells are living!– Osteocytes
Bone contains nerves, blood vessels &
marrow
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Bone Classification:Long Bones
–Ex. Arm and leg bonesShort Bones
–Wrist bones Flat Bones
–Make up the skull Irregular Bones
–Facial bones or vertebrae
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Compact & Spongy Bone
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Dense & strongProvides strength & protection
Outermost part of the bone
Compact Bone:
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Less dense & contains bone marrow
Found in short, flat, and long bones
Surrounded by compact bone
Spongy Bone:
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Bone Marrow-thick & jelly like
- Yellow- stores fat
-Red- makes blood cells
Bone Structure (cont.)
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Ends of Bones are lined with dense tissue: cartilage
Cushions bones Provides support
Bone Structure (cont.)
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Tendons: Tough fibers that connect muscle to bone
Bone Structure (cont.)
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Ligaments: Tough fibers that connect bone to bone
Bone Structure (cont.)
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Function of Bones
1. Support – provides framework for the body
2. Protection – for the brain, spinal cord, and vital organs
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3. Movement – lever for muscle
4. Attachment – tendons connect muscle to bone
Function of Bones (cont.)
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5. Blood Cell Production occurs in bone marrow
6. Mineral Storage Calcium & Phosphorus
Function of Bones (cont.)
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Bone Connections
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Fixed Joint (Sutures)
Connects plate-like bones of the skull
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Hinge Joint
Allows movement in two directions (Front & Back)
Ex. Elbow, Knee
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Ball & Socket Joint
Allows full range of motion
Ex. shoulder
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Cracking KnucklesSpace between joints widen
Air bubble forms in the synovial fluid (joint lubricant)
Bubble bursts and makes cracking sound
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Skeletal Conditions
BursitisScoliosisOsteoporosis
ArthritisSprainFracture
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Bursitis
Inflammation of the bursa (sac)
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Curvature of the spine
Scoliosis
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OsteoporosisInefficient bone replacement
5-10% of bone mass lost every 10 years past age of 40
Rate of bone eating cells exceeds bone building cells!
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ArthritisJoint inflammation
Lose strength & functionEx. Rheumatoid arthritis
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SprainOver stretching of ligaments or tendons
Torn ligaments require surgery
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FractureBroken bone
Multiple types:–Simple–Compound
–Stress
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Simple fracture:–Bone breaks but does not come through the skin
Types of Fractures:
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Compound fracture:–Bone protrudes through the skin
Types of Fractures:
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Stress fracture:–A thin crack in the bone
Types of Fractures: