anatomy presentation part 1
TRANSCRIPT
Angeline Pierson
TissuesGroup of cells
that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function.
The study of tissues is called Histology.
Connective
Epithelial
Muscle
Nervous
Credits
Connective TissueFound
everywhere in the body
Abundant and widely distributed
Amount in particular organs vary
Tissues
Connective Tissue Proper
Cartilage
Bone
Blood
Cartilage Stands up to both
tension and compression
Qualities like dense connective tissue and bone
Tough but flexible Lacks nerve fibers Avascular Receives nutrients
through diffusion by blood vessels
Include chondroblasts that produce a new matrix until the skeleton stops growing at the end of adolescence.
Connective
Tissues
Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage
Hyaline Also called “gristle” Most abundant cartilage
type in the body Contains large numbers
of collagen fibers Matrix appears glassy
and amorphous Provides firm support
and some pliability Covers ends of bones as
articular cartilage Supports tip of nose,
connects ribs to sternum, supports most of the respiratory system passages
Embryonic skeletons are mostly made up of this cartilage
Cartilage
Connective
Tissues
Elastic
Fibrocartilage
ElasticNearly Identical to
Hyaline cartilageMore elastin fibers
in elastic cartilageStrong and
exceptional stretchability
Used in external ear and epiglottis (covers the opening to the respiratory passageway when we swallow, preventing foods and fluids from entering the lungs.)
Cartilage
Connective
Tissues
Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
FibrocartilageIntermediate
between Hyaline and Dense Regular Connective Tissue
Compressible and resists tension well
Found where strong support and the ability to withstand heavy pressure are required
Used between vertebrae and is the spongy cartilage of the knee
Cartilage
Tissues
Hyaline
Elastic
Bone Rocklike hardness Also called osseous
tissue Protects and supports
body structures Provide cavities for fat
storage and synthesis of blood cells
Have bone matrixes similar to cartilage but it is harder and more rigid
Also has osteoblasts, which produce the organic portion of the matrix
Connective
Tissue
Blood Fluid within blood vessels Atypical connective tissue It does not connect things
or give support Classified as connective
tissue because it develops from mesenchyme and consists of blood cells and blood plasma
Consists mostly of red blood cells and some white blood cells
Fibers of blood form clotting
Carries nutrients, wastes, respiratory gases and other substances throughout the body
Connective
Tissue
Connective Tissue ProperContains two
subclasses, loose and dense
All mature connective tissue (except for bone, cartilage and blood) belong to the dense class
Connective
Tissue
Loose
Dense
LooseConsists of
three types: Areolar, Adipose and Reticular
Connective
Tissue
Dense
Areolar
Adipose
Reticular
Areolar Supports and binds other
tissues, holds bodily fluids, defends against infection and stores nutrients as fat
Contains fibroblasts Loose arrangements of
fibers Provides a reservoir of
water and salts for other tissues
Contains hyaluronic acid which hinders movements of cells through it
Soaks up excess bodily fluid when a body region is inflamed
Widely distributed Present in all mucous
membranes
Connective
Tissue
Loose
Adipose
Reticular
Adipose Similar to areolar in
structure and function, has greater nutrient storing capabilities
Adipocytes or fat cells make up 90% of the tissue
Looks like chicken wire in appearance
Mature adipocytes are some of the largest cells in the body
Vascularized 18% of the body’s weight Acts as a shock absorber,
insulation and storage site. Found behind eyeballs, hips around heard and lymph nodes.
Sometimes called white fat Also found in bone marrow
and some muscles
Connective
Tissue
Loose
Areolar
Reticular
ReticularResembles
areolar tissueLimited to
certain citesForms internal
framework that support free blood cells in lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow
Connective
Tissue
Loose
Areolar
Adipose
DenseConsists of
two types, Regular and Irregular
Connective
Tissue
Loose
Regular
Irregular
Regular Referred to as fibrous
connective tissue Loosely packed bundles
of collagen fibers running parallel to the direction of pull
Great resistance to tension
Slightly wavy and contain fibroblasts forming fibers and scant ground substance
Forms tendons and aponeneuroses, as well as fascia that wraps around muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels and nerves
Connective
Tissue
Dense
Irregular
IrregularSame structural
elements as regular variety, but have bundles of collagen fibers that are much thicker and arranged in different directions
Found in the skin as dermis, forms joint capsules, and fibrous coverings that surround organs such as kidneys, bones, cartilages, muscles and nerves.
Connective
Tissue
Dense
Regular
SimpleConcerned
with absorption, secretion and filtration
Usually very thin so it does not protect.
Only one layer thick
TissueGlandularStratifiedSquamousCuboidalColumnar
Pseudostratified
Epithelial Sheet of cells that covers a body
surface or lines a body cavity. Occurs in body as covering and
lining epithelium and glandular epithelium
Form boundaries between different environments
Forms many functions like protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion, and sensory reception
Special characteristics: polarity, specialized contacts (fit close together to form continuous sheets), supported by connective tissue, avascular but innervated (it is supplied by nerve fibers but contains no blood vessels) and an ability to regenerate
Classified by shapes and cell layers
Cell layers: Stratified and Simple Shapes: Squamous, Cuboidal and
Columnar
Tissues
Glandular
Simple
Stratified
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Flattened Laterally Sparse Cytoplasm Filters or exchanges
substances Located in the kidneys,
in the lungs and forms the walls of air sacs
2 types: Endothelium which is slick, friction reducing lining, allows efficient exchange of nutrients and wastes between the bloodstream and surrounding tissue cells. Mesothelium which is found in serous membranes which line the ventral body cavity and covers its organs.
Tissues
Glandular
Stratified
Simple
Cuboidal
Columnar
Pseudostratified