Ancient EgyptAncient Egypt

VocabularyVocabulary

Pyramids

• *Built as tombs *Built as tombs

• *Protection for the body and gifts for the *Protection for the body and gifts for the afterlifeafterlife

• *Great Pyramids located in Giza*Great Pyramids located in Giza

Sphinx

• *Stone monument – body of a lion & head *Stone monument – body of a lion & head of a pharaohof a pharaoh

• *The Great Sphinx – found outside the *The Great Sphinx – found outside the Great pyramids – used to protect the kings Great pyramids – used to protect the kings in the afterlifein the afterlife

Mummy

• *Body preserved by drying*Body preserved by drying

• *Linen strips, natron and sacred oils used *Linen strips, natron and sacred oils used to preserve the bodyto preserve the body

• *Canopic Jars saved internal organs *Canopic Jars saved internal organs

Obelisk

• *Tall 4-sided pillar*Tall 4-sided pillar

• *Hieroglyphics carved on sides*Hieroglyphics carved on sides

• *Found outside temples and tombs*Found outside temples and tombs

Amulet

• *Magical charm that protects against evilMagical charm that protects against evil

• *Added to the linen in which mummies *Added to the linen in which mummies were wrappedwere wrapped

Dynasty

• *Rulers of the same family that rule year *Rulers of the same family that rule year after yearafter year

• *The kingdom’s rule goes from the oldest *The kingdom’s rule goes from the oldest male in each generation and passes to the male in each generation and passes to the oldest male in the next generation. Ex. oldest male in the next generation. Ex. Father is the ruler – when he dies, the Father is the ruler – when he dies, the kingdom goes to his oldest son.kingdom goes to his oldest son.

Tomb

• *Burial spotBurial spot

• *Valley of the Kings – Most of the kings *Valley of the Kings – Most of the kings were buried in this area. Did you know were buried in this area. Did you know that almost all of the tombs were broken that almost all of the tombs were broken into and the remains and treasures were into and the remains and treasures were stolen??stolen??

B.C. (BCE)B.C. (BCE)

• B.C. – Before Christ – Based on the Roman calendar

• *BCE – Before Common Era – politically correct time element for those who don’t follow Christianity

A.D. (CE)

• A.D. – Latin – Anno Domini – which means The year of our Lord. It denotes the time from when Jesus was born until the present

• *CE – Common Era – the same time *CE – Common Era – the same time distinctions – but politically correct for distinctions – but politically correct for those who are not Christiansthose who are not Christians

Nile RiverNile River

• *Longest River in the world*Longest River in the world

• **4000 Miles Long – WOW!!!**4000 Miles Long – WOW!!!

• *Cataracts – water falls*Cataracts – water falls

Upper Egypt

• *Southern Nile – South of the Delta *Southern Nile – South of the Delta

• *This is opposite of what you would think – *This is opposite of what you would think – Upper Egypt is actually south on the map, Upper Egypt is actually south on the map, not north! It’s based on elevationnot north! It’s based on elevation…

Lower EgyptLower Egypt

• *Nile Delta – an area with lots of fertile *Nile Delta – an area with lots of fertile landland

• *Near the Mediterranean Sea*Near the Mediterranean Sea

• *Papyrus, The Rosetta Stone, fertile soil *Papyrus, The Rosetta Stone, fertile soil and marshmallows (it’s true) were just and marshmallows (it’s true) were just some of the things this area was noted for!some of the things this area was noted for!

Memphis

• *Capital of Ancient Egypt (Old Kingdom)*Capital of Ancient Egypt (Old Kingdom)

ThebesThebes

• *Capital of Ancient Egypt – New KingdomCapital of Ancient Egypt – New Kingdom

• *Marble temples, palaces, pools*Marble temples, palaces, pools

• *Lots of riches!*Lots of riches!

HieroglyphicsHieroglyphics

• *Picture writing of Ancient Egypt*Picture writing of Ancient Egypt

• *Unable to decipher hieroglyphics until the *Unable to decipher hieroglyphics until the Rosetta Stone was discovered!Rosetta Stone was discovered!

CartoucheCartouche

• *An oval frame used to surround the *An oval frame used to surround the hieroglyphic name of an important personhieroglyphic name of an important person

Papyrus

• *Water plant – found in the Nile Delta*Water plant – found in the Nile Delta

• *Reeds were used to make the first Reeds were used to make the first “paper”“paper”

Ba/KaBa/Ka

• *A person’s spiritA person’s spirit

• *Needed a body to live in after death*Needed a body to live in after death

• *Received offerings *Received offerings

PharaohPharaoh• *Ancient Egyptian rulersAncient Egyptian rulers

• *Believed they were children of the sun *Believed they were children of the sun god, Regod, Re

• *Here are some names you mightHere are some names you might recognize…recognize…

• King Ramses, King Tut, Queen Cleopatra… There are others you’ll learn about too!!

King RamssesKing Ramsses

• *Most powerful of all pharaohs *Most powerful of all pharaohs

• *Many huge statues of him!*Many huge statues of him!

• *King Ramsses I & II*King Ramsses I & II

• *You might see his name spelled *You might see his name spelled Ramsses or Ramses – both are correct!Ramsses or Ramses – both are correct!

Queen HatshepsutQueen Hatshepsut

• *Powerful woman pharaohPowerful woman pharaoh

• *Ruled during the 18Ruled during the 18thth dynasty dynasty

• *Took the crown from her young step-son *Took the crown from her young step-son after his father died – sneaky!after his father died – sneaky!

• *Very prosperous – Lots of trade!!Very prosperous – Lots of trade!!

King TutankhamenKing Tutankhamen

• *King TutKing Tut

• *Howard Carter found tomb in 1922Howard Carter found tomb in 1922

• *Only tomb found with all of the riches still *Only tomb found with all of the riches still inside!!inside!!

Queen Cleopatra

• *Last ruler of Egypt

• *Ruled during the time of Julius Caesar and Augustus

• *Egypt fell to Rome

Vizier

• *High government official – someone who would help the king with decisions and carrying out rules…. think of the word advisor…

Valley of the Kings

• *Burial place of the pharaohs

• *Most of the kings were buried here, not in pyramids.

Re

• *Considered the most powerful god

• *God of the sun

• *Pharaohs were thought to be children of the sun god.

Osiris

• *Ruler of the dead (underworld)

• *God of re-birth and vegetation

Hathor

• *Goddess of love and happiness

• *Represented with ears and head of a cow

• (Because, let’s face it, nothing says “love” quite like a head of a cow….)

Mut

• *Goddess of Thebes

• *Great divine mother

Rosetta Stone

• *Carved stone

• *Writing in 3 different languages

• *Key to understanding hieroglyphics

• *Located today in the British Museum – controversy as to who should own it…

Nut

• *Represents the heavens and the sky

Words you want to remember…

• You have a couple extra boxes so you can add words that you think are interesting!

• Dive in and start having fun – Ancient Egypt is a really neat civilization to study!!