EgyptEgyptWorld HistoryWorld History

Chapter 4Chapter 4

3100 B.C. – 671 B.C.3100 B.C. – 671 B.C.

The Dating GameThe Dating Game

What does B.C. mean?What does B.C. mean? It stands for Before Christ, and it It stands for Before Christ, and it

means the number of years means the number of years before the birth of before the birth of Jesus ChristJesus Christ. . That was 2000 years ago, so That was 2000 years ago, so the date 552 B.C. means 2552 the date 552 B.C. means 2552 years ago. years ago.

Some people use B.C.E. Some people use B.C.E. instead. That stands for Before instead. That stands for Before the Common Era, and is used in the Common Era, and is used in order to avoid Christian order to avoid Christian references. History for Kids references. History for Kids feels that since this is a feels that since this is a Christian dating system, it's a Christian dating system, it's a little silly to try to hide that.little silly to try to hide that.

What does A.D. mean?What does A.D. mean? A.D. stands for Anno Domini, A.D. stands for Anno Domini,

which is Latin for "year of our which is Latin for "year of our Lord," and it means the number Lord," and it means the number of years since the birth of Jesus of years since the birth of Jesus Christ. That was 2000 years Christ. That was 2000 years ago, so the date 500 A.D. ago, so the date 500 A.D. means 1500 years ago.means 1500 years ago.

Some people use C.E. instead. Some people use C.E. instead. That stands for Common Era, That stands for Common Era, and is used in order to avoid and is used in order to avoid Christian references. History for Christian references. History for Kids feels that since this is a Kids feels that since this is a Christian dating system, it's a Christian dating system, it's a little silly to try to hide that.little silly to try to hide that.

IntroductionIntroduction

Where is Egypt?Where is Egypt?

What do you know about What do you know about ancient Egyptian people?ancient Egyptian people?

What can we infer about ancient Egyptians What can we infer about ancient Egyptians from these pictures?from these pictures?

Section 1Section 1The NileThe Nile

Area where Egyptians settledArea where Egyptians settled Civilization lasted about 2000 yearsCivilization lasted about 2000 years

– lasting impressionlasting impression

Flows north 4,145 milesFlows north 4,145 miles– central Africa to Mediterraneancentral Africa to Mediterranean– last 600 miles in Egyptlast 600 miles in Egypt

Advantages of the NileAdvantages of the Nile– floodedflooded– how is this an advantage?how is this an advantage?

leftovers make good soilleftovers make good soil

What did the people do?What did the people do?– farmersfarmers

flax, wheat, barley, grapesflax, wheat, barley, grapes

– inventiveinventive shadoofshadoof

Section 2Section 2The Old KingdomThe Old Kingdom

The BeginningThe Beginning– Upper Egypt-Led by King NarmerUpper Egypt-Led by King Narmer

– Lower Egypt- invaded by King Narmer (3100 Lower Egypt- invaded by King Narmer (3100 bc)bc) King married lower Egyptian princessKing married lower Egyptian princess two kingdoms unitetwo kingdoms unite called “wearer of both crowns”called “wearer of both crowns”

– lasted about 500 yearslasted about 500 years

How They LivedHow They Lived

The CityThe City– center of religion and governmentcenter of religion and government– Kings, government officials, Priests, ArtisansKings, government officials, Priests, Artisans

The EstatesThe Estates– Rich Egyptians lived Rich Egyptians lived – commoners lived in villages on estatescommoners lived in villages on estates

The PeopleThe People

Rich EgyptianRich Egyptian– homes made of wood/brickhomes made of wood/brick– along the Nilealong the Nile– servants, artisansservants, artisans

Average EgyptianAverage Egyptian– farmersfarmers– villages on estates of richvillages on estates of rich– homes made of reeds or homes made of reeds or

sunbaked mud. (built high to sunbaked mud. (built high to avoid the yearly flood)avoid the yearly flood)

– also built monuments, roads also built monuments, roads etc.etc.

The PharaohThe Pharaoh

Strong ruler = strength Strong ruler = strength and unity of countryand unity of country

King ---- Pharaoh King ---- Pharaoh (great house)(great house)

Believed to beBelieved to be– rulerruler– priestpriest– godgod– ruled on earth (not ruled on earth (not

heaven)heaven)

What came with being a Pharaoh!What came with being a Pharaoh!

owned all the land Egyptowned all the land Egypt gave gifts of land to the gave gifts of land to the

richrich built dams and irrigation built dams and irrigation

canals for crop productioncanals for crop production storage granaries for food storage granaries for food

preservationpreservation chose all government chose all government

officialsofficials word of Pharaoh was lawword of Pharaoh was law traded with other countriestraded with other countries

Rituals of PharaohRituals of Pharaoh

people relied completely people relied completely on Pharaohon Pharaoh

started the planting season started the planting season by opening the water dikesby opening the water dikes

driving of the sacred bulldriving of the sacred bull– rich soilrich soil

first to cut the grainfirst to cut the grain– rich harvestrich harvest

Egyptians bowed before Egyptians bowed before him, smelling earthhim, smelling earth

PyramidsPyramids

way of showing respect to the Pharaohway of showing respect to the Pharaoh called houses of eternitycalled houses of eternity

– tombstombs– west bank of Nile because sun went down west bank of Nile because sun went down – buried with their personal belongings for buried with their personal belongings for

happinesshappiness

Religious BeliefsReligious Beliefs

Believed in many godsBelieved in many gods Hapi – river godHapi – river god

– water and good soilwater and good soil Re - sun godRe - sun god

– crops to growcrops to grow Osiris – harvest & Osiris – harvest &

eternal lifeeternal life Isis – Wife of OsirisIsis – Wife of Osiris

– they ruled the they ruled the underworldunderworld

Way down yonder …Way down yonder …

souls went to the underworldsouls went to the underworld weighed on a scaleweighed on a scale spells, good life, scales balancedspells, good life, scales balanced

– granted life after deathgranted life after death

Book of the Dead Book of the Dead – spell bookspell book

The Mummy…WhaaaaaaThe Mummy…Whaaaaaa

NO STINKY PHAROAHS ALLOWEDNO STINKY PHAROAHS ALLOWED– embalming to preserve the bodiesembalming to preserve the bodies– believed the soul could not live without the bodybelieved the soul could not live without the body– covered body with a chemical called natroncovered body with a chemical called natron

dried up all the bodies water causing it to shrinkdried up all the bodies water causing it to shrink wrapped in linen after dried upwrapped in linen after dried up

– How to Make A Mummy!

The Middle KingdomThe Middle Kingdom

2300 B.C. Jealousy strikes2300 B.C. Jealousy strikes– Government wants to run the showGovernment wants to run the show– 200 years of confusion for Egyptians200 years of confusion for Egyptians– Pharaohs regain controlPharaohs regain control

not as powerfulnot as powerful no longer buried in pyramids/cliffsno longer buried in pyramids/cliffs Egyptians began to look beyond their borders for Egyptians began to look beyond their borders for

tradetrade

End of the Middle KingdomEnd of the Middle Kingdom

Invaded by Hyksos in 1786 B.C.Invaded by Hyksos in 1786 B.C.– Western AsiaWestern Asia

horse drawn chariotshorse drawn chariots weapons of bronze & iron weapons of bronze & iron Egyptians fought on footEgyptians fought on foot weapons of copper and stoneweapons of copper and stone they lostthey lost

Fall of the HyksosFall of the Hyksos

rules for about 150 yearsrules for about 150 years Egyptians hated themEgyptians hated them Prince Ahmose (Ah moo sa)Prince Ahmose (Ah moo sa)

– led uprising using their weaponsled uprising using their weapons

The New KingdomThe New Kingdom

Prince Ahmose started pharaoh line againPrince Ahmose started pharaoh line again Egypt prosperedEgypt prospered Began taking their armies outside Began taking their armies outside

boundaries of the Nileboundaries of the Nile Conquering neighboring landsConquering neighboring lands

– Egyptian EmpireEgyptian Empire

Religion of the New KingdomReligion of the New Kingdom

New kingdom, new godNew kingdom, new god Amon, god of Thebes Amon, god of Thebes

– Thebes becomes new capitol of EgyptThebes becomes new capitol of Egypt– Combine Amon with Re to make Amon-ReCombine Amon with Re to make Amon-Re

most powerful god of allmost powerful god of all

Pharaohs of the New KingdomPharaohs of the New Kingdom

HatshepsutHatshepsut– Woman pharaohWoman pharaoh– not interested in war and expanding into other countriesnot interested in war and expanding into other countries– trade and building of new templestrade and building of new temples

ivory, ebony, monkeys, dogs, leopard skin, incenseivory, ebony, monkeys, dogs, leopard skin, incense The Pharaoh QueenThe Pharaoh Queen

Thutmose IIIThutmose III– stepson of Hatshepsutstepson of Hatshepsut– invaded Syria, Palestineinvaded Syria, Palestine

Temples of Amon-ReTemples of Amon-Re

built by enslaved peoplebuilt by enslaved people also industrial centersalso industrial centers artisans worked thereartisans worked there boys trained to be scribesboys trained to be scribes

– religious works,spells,charms,prayersreligious works,spells,charms,prayers– record keepersrecord keepers

Egyptian WritingEgyptian WritingHieroglyphicsHieroglyphics

pictures stand for pictures stand for words or soundswords or sounds

painted or carved them painted or carved them on their monumentson their monuments

The TranslatorThe Translator

Decline of EgyptDecline of Egypt

priests began to take control away from priests began to take control away from pharaohpharaoh

1370 B.C. Amenhotep IV 1370 B.C. Amenhotep IV – tried to regain full controltried to regain full control– closed all Amon-Re templesclosed all Amon-Re temples– created a new religion and god- Atoncreated a new religion and god- Aton– changed his name to Akhenaton (spirit of Aton)changed his name to Akhenaton (spirit of Aton)– not many followednot many followed

TutankhamenTutankhamenaka “King Tut”aka “King Tut”

took over after the death of his father-in-law took over after the death of his father-in-law Amenhotep died.Amenhotep died.

He was nine years old; and married!He was nine years old; and married! Reverted back to Amon-Re Reverted back to Amon-Re Died at 18Died at 18

Factors that brought an end to EgyptFactors that brought an end to Egypt

constant struggle for power between the constant struggle for power between the priests and pharaohspriests and pharaohs

pharaohs desire to conquer neighboring pharaohs desire to conquer neighboring countriescountries

using money to import iron for weapons that using money to import iron for weapons that other countries already hadother countries already had

671 B.C. Assyrians take them over671 B.C. Assyrians take them over

Egyptian ContributionsEgyptian Contributions

Papyrus paper – made from flattened reedsPapyrus paper – made from flattened reeds ink – to write on the papyrusink – to write on the papyrus mathematical system based on 10 (metric)mathematical system based on 10 (metric) survey methodssurvey methods made a calendar based on the flooding of the Nilemade a calendar based on the flooding of the Nile specialists in medicinespecialists in medicine

– splints, bandages, stitches, setting bonessplints, bandages, stitches, setting bones– stomach ache-castor oilstomach ache-castor oil– hair loss- dog toes, dates and donkey hoofhair loss- dog toes, dates and donkey hoof

http://www.goegypt.org/images/http://www.goegypt.org/images/program_pics/giza_sphinx.jpgprogram_pics/giza_sphinx.jpg