Ancient EgyptWorld Studies

Geography

• Relative Location

• Northeast Africa• Along the Nile River• South of the

Mediterranean Sea and east of the Red Sea

Geography

• Movement

• The Nile flows north from its source in Lake Victoria to its mouth in the Mediterranean Sea which forms a delta.

• Upper and Lower Egypt– (This is tricky!)

Rive

r flow

Advanced Cities

• Memphis – capital of United Egypt

• Thebes – center of artifacts– Temple of Luxor– Valley of Kings– Temple of Ramses

• Giza – Sphinx & Great Pyraminds

Specialized Workers

Slaves

Masons

Complex Institutions

• Pharaoh• Dynasty• Theocracy• polytheism• Egyptian gods

– Amun-Ra– Osiris

• pyramids• mummification

Record Keeping & Writing

• Pictogram• Hieroglyphics• Papyrus• Rosetta Stone

Advanced Technology

• Pyramid• Calendar• Forensics• Water clock• Sun dial• Bronze work• medicine

Old Kingdom• Upper and Lower Egypt united in 3200 BC

• Pharaoh- King of Egypt- seen as a God

• Pyramids- tombs for Pharaoh

• Mummification- embalming corpse to prevent decay

• Nile river floods and deposits a rich layer of silt

• During flood farmers worked on pyramids and other projects

Anubis- God of embalming and the Dead

Old Kingdom

• Old Kingdom- 2660-2180 BC• Sun rises on East side of River where cities are-

Life. Sets on West side where tombs are- Death• Egyptians Polytheistic- worship many Gods• How did the Egyptian view of the afterlife

compare to that of the Sumerians?• Compare/contrast the writing and document

storage systems of Egypt and Sumer.

Ra- God of Sun

Nut- Goddess of Sky

Amun-King of Gods

Delivering a Baby

Medical Instruments

Fractured forearm with splint

Great Pyramids at Giza

Great Sphinx

Middle Kingdom• Old Kingdom ends 2180 BC

• Middle Kingdom:

-dug a canal from Nile to Red Sea

-Built dykes on Nile to trap water

-Drained swamps in lower Egypt to create farmland

-Traded with Mesopotamia and Indus Valley

• Hyksos conquer Egypt and invite Jews

New Kingdom

• Hyksos defeated, New Kingdom begins, Jews enslaved

• Kush conquers Egypt 750 BC- from Ethiopia

• Assyrians defeat Kushites in 671 BC

• Egyptian rule ends with Greek conquest- 300s BC

Irrigation of a palm orchard by a shaduf

Irrigating and harvesting in a vegetable garden.

Bronze Medical Needle

Circular Medical Cautery

Hieroglyphic Alphabet

The Rosetta Stone

The Rosetta Stone

Numbers