Ancient Greece

Ancient GreeceGreek Timeline776 BC - First Olympic Games500-300 -Golden Age of GreeceGreat advances in Science, Mathematics, Philosophy, Architecture480 BC Battle of Thermopyale431-404 Peloponnesian War (Athens vs Sparta)338 BC - Philip II of Macedon takes control of Athens336 BC Alexander the Great takes control and conquers great new territories for Greece146 BC Rome conquers Greece and

Greece under Alexander the Great

Geography of GreeceMountainous/Rocky land made farming and travel difficultBarley, olives and grapes are main crops, Goats were main animalsOlive oil was most prized export.Sailed the seas for trading (wheat, iron ore, timber)Trading between islands and throughout Mediterranean with the Phoenicians The soil was not very fertile along the coastline. The ancient Greeks used systems of irrigation and crop rotation to help solve that problem.

Climate of AthensWrite a short fact about the climate of Athens

Ancient Greece VocabularyCity-State: A central city and surrounding villages that follow the same laws, government, language, religious beliefs and ways of life (Specific to Greece)Examples: Athens, Sparta, Corinth, Megara, ArgosEmpire: Large group of people & states ruled by an Emperor Roman Empire, Ottoman Empire, Civilization : Name for a group of people who have a place to gather, a language

Types of GovernmentOligarchy: Form of Government where power is held by a few (Sparta)Direct Democracy: Form of government where everyone votes on every issue (Athens). Why is this good? Why is this also difficultRepresentative Democracy: Voters choose elected officials to make decisions for them (USA)

AthensAcademic capital of Greece based on educationLargest City-State, present day capitalCitizens could vote and be in governmentDirect Democracy people would vote on every issueOnly Athenian born free males over the age of 18 could vote (Slaves, Women, Foreigners couldnt vote)Strong NavyGirls stayed home to do domestic duties. They were told to see little, hear little, and ask no more questions than was absolutely necessary.Boys studied reading & writing, practiced boxing and wrestling.

SpartaRuled by two KingsMonarchy : Ruled by a KingOligarchy: Ruled by a fewGreat Military Power Boys went to military training at age 7Girls trained to be strong mothers in order to have strong childrenEnemies with Athens (Peloponnesian war)

Shared Culture of Athens & SpartaBoth Were Independent states (City States)Both Speak Greek and use the Greek AlphabetParticipated in ancient OlympicsWorshiped the same gods and goddessesBoth are enemies with the Persian Empire

Other City StatesCorinthCorinth was a monarchy. The people were ruled by a king. To solve the problem of foreign money pouring into their polis, the government of Corinth created its own coinage. They forced traders to exchange their coins for Corinth's coinage at the bank of Corinth, for a fee of course. ArgosMany scholars credit Argos with the invention of coinage in ancient Greece, an invention that made trade much easier.MegaraThey were famous for their glorious textiles, which were the envy of other Greek city-states, did a great deal of trading. Also founded the city of Byzantium, (Constantinople/Istanbul) in 630 BCE

Greek DemocracyDemocracy means the rule of the people (inGreek). The earliest democracy in the world began inAthens, in510 BC But Who Gets to Vote?Athenians developed the idea of CitizenshipGreek leaders decided that only men who owned large plots of land were citizens. Women, slaves, foreigners and people with little or no property were not given the rights and responsibilities of Athenian citizenship. While the Ancient Greeks restricted democratic rights to a small portion of the population, the idea of democracy was born.

PhilosophyAncient Greece gave the world PhilosophyStudy of why the world is the way it is = WHYSocrates, Plato, Aristotle All three of these lived in Athens for most of their lives, and they knew each other.One of the reasons that Athens was the Academic Capital

Socrates, Plato, AristotleSocratescame first, andPlatowas his student, around 400BC. Socrates was killed in 399BC, and Plato began his work by writing down what Socrates had taught, and then continued by writing down his own ideas and opening a school.Aristotle was more interested inScience than Socrates or Plato, maybe because his father was a doctor. He wanted to use Socrates' logical methods to figure out how the real world worked; therefore Aristotle is really the father of today's scientific method.

SocratesFelt an urge to think about the world around him, and try to answer some difficult questions. "What is wisdom?" , What is beauty?, "What is the right thing to do?Socrates soon had a group of young men who listened to him and learned from him how to think. Plato was one of these young men. Questioned the Government, and thought thesmartest people should make the decisions for everyone. Father of Philosophy Put to death for outspoken views

PlatoTaught by Socrates and learned how to think and what to questionUpset when Socrates was killed, and began writing down Socrates ideasEverything we know about Socrates comes from PlatoBegan forming his own ideas about the world, governmentTried to think about better forms of Government for Athens Platos RepublicThought most people were stupidOnly the best should vote and make Decisions

AristotleAnother Greek Philosopher & teacherTried to learn about everything possibleWalking encyclopediaStudied at Platos academyTeacher of Alexander the Great

It is doubtful whether any human being has ever known as much as he did"

Major AchievementsArtCreated great statues and potteryArchitectureCompetition to see which City-State had the greatest temples Culture (Poetry and Plays)Created outstanding literature, poetry and mythology.Homers Iliad and the OdysseyGreeks famous for plays that were Comedies or Tragedies

Major AchievementsMath, Science and TechnologyGreeks understood world was roundHad advanced AstronomyArchimedesGold Crown StoryGreeks were very skilled at mathInvented rules of GeometryPythagorean TheoremThought medicine & science was importantHippocrates known as the Father of MedicineMajor AchievementsPolitical Life & IdeasDeveloped Worlds First DemocracyCreated CitizenshipDifferent ways to Govern peopleMilitary Strategy Great stories of war from Ancient GreeceTrojan Horse300 Spartans at Thermoplye Trading in Ancient GreeceBeing on the water helped Ancient Greece becoming an important trading partnerUse of coins increased tradeExports:pottery, bronze, silver and gold vessels, olive oil, wine, and textilesImportsTimber, animal skins, luxury items and exotic raw materials Influenced other cultures across the Mediterranean

Military Power of GreeceEach City-State had their own army Wars were common, always fighting over borders Sometimes City States would join leagues as allies There are four main wars (How do we know?)Trojan War(about 1250 BC, but might be made up) Persian Wars(490-480BC) Peloponnesian War(441-404 BC)Campaigns ofAlexander the Great(331-323 BC).

State AuthorityTaxesCommonly collected on sales of houses, slaves, herds and flocks, and other goods. Sometimes city-states would tax the very rich usually in times of war.

SlaveryCleaned and cooked, worked in the fields, factories, shops, in the mines, & on ships, even as police. They could not go to school, or enter politics, or use their own name. They were the property of their owner, not citizens . Some were captured in battle, some were the children of slaves and some children were sold into slavery by poor families.

Laws in Ancient GreeceEach City-State had their own laws Most were written lawsSparta was the exceptionAthens had juries for their courtsFamous lawyers made people think about the purpose of lawsDraco Harsh punishments, thought to deter crimeSolon More sensible laws, punishment fits crimeReligion in Ancient GreeceAncient Greeks practiced Greek MythologyPolytheistic Religion (Poly Many, Theos-God) GreekPoluqeos12 main Gods lived on Mount OlympusZeus was the Supreme God

Ellhniko AlrabhtoGreeks had their own language and alphabetThe Greek AlphabetUsed since 8000 BCESimilar to what we have todayImportant BecauseHelped develop written recordAllowed for communicationWriters, poets, stories & playsHelped advance society

Modern GreecePopulation: 11 MillionCapital: AthensLanguage: GreekMember of the European UnionTrouble with Debt (spending more than they collect in taxesTrouble with extremist political parties

Historical UnderstandingPolitical: Had a variety of governmentsSparta: Oligarchy, Athens: DemocracyEconomic: Being near other big civilizations helped trade. Also had their own currency to help trade with others. Water/boats were very important.ReligionBelieved in Greek Mythology Gods & Goddesses who controlled the worldHistorical UnderstandingScience/Technology:Great at Math (Pythagoras) and AstronomyWritten LanguageUsed the Greek Alphabet and had a spoken languageEducationStronger in some city-states (Athens) than othersPhilosophy was important as was literature & dramaFamily LifeDifferent for each City State (Athens vs Sparta)