ancient greece
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Ancient Greece. Battle of Marathon 490 B.C.E. Essential Questions. 6.G. 1 Understand geographic factors that influenced the emergence, expansion and decline of civilizations, societies and regions (i.e. Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas) over time . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Ancient GreeceBattle of Marathon
490 B.C.E.
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Essential Questions• 6.G.1 Understand geographic factors that influenced the
emergence, expansion and decline of civilizations, societies and regions (i.e. Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas) over time.
• 6.H.2 Understand the political, economic and/or social significance of historical events, issues, individuals and cultural groups.
• 6.C.1 Explain how the behaviors and practices of individuals and groups influenced societies, civilizations and regions.
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Clarifying Objectives• 6.G.1.1 Explain how the physical features and human characteristics of a place
influenced the development of civilizations, societies and regions (e.g., location near rivers and natural barriers, trading practices and spread of culture).
• 6.G.1.3 Compare distinguishing characteristics of various world regions (e.g., physical features, culture, political organization and ethnic make-up).
• 6.H.2.2 Compare historical and contemporary events and issues to understand continuity and change.
• 6.C.1.1 Analyze how cultural expressions reflected the values of civilizations, societies and regions (e.g., oral traditions, art, dance, music, literature, and architecture).
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Essential Questions• How did the Athenians use NATURAL BARRIERS during the Battle of
Marathon?
• Why would the Athenians choose to live in a region that had NATURAL BARRIERS?
• How does the region of Greece’s physical features help Ancient Greece in their famous battles?
• How do today’s Marathons relate to the Ancient Battle of Marathon?
• How did the Athenians create a culture expression to honor victory at the battle of Marathon?
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Ancient Greece• Ancient Greece is located
between the Mediterranean Sea & Aegean Sea
• It is known for beautiful SEA & MOUNTAIN settings
• These distinguishing features have PROTECTED Greece for hundreds of years
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Essential Questions
• Get with a partner and answer…
• How does the region of Greece’s physical features help Ancient Greece in their famous battles?
• Why would the Athenians choose to live in a region that had NATURAL BARRIERS?
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Athens will Burn• Darius never forgot about his
hatred of Ancient Greece and planned an all out attack
• He had to decide whether to attack① Attack by land② Attack by sea
• He decides to attack by land and march 26.2 miles to Athens and burn it to the ground
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Athens Overmatched• Athens going into the Battle of
Marathon only had 10,000 men
• King Darius of Persia had united the Persian Army and now was trying to get revenge on Athens
• Darius brings 20,000 men to attack at Marathon
• Athens did have one secret weapon
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Natural Barriers
• Athens General Miltiades knows that for Darius to march to Athens he needs to go through the mountains
• Miltiades will block the mountain pass with his men
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Natural Barriers• The mountains on the
sides of Miltiades Athenian Army serve as PROTECTION so the large Persian Army could not get the Athenians from the side
• NATURAL BARRIERS always are used as PROTECTION
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zgUFIf-uRN0
• 16:42-18:30
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Essential Questions
• Get with a partner and answer…
• How did the Athenians use NATURAL BARRIERS during the Battle of Marathon?
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Phalanx Formation
• Athenian General Miltiades uses the Phalanx Battle Formation
• This is very affective because the natural barrier of the mountain does not allow the Persians to get to the sides
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Cork in a Bottle
• Miltiades men form a kind of “Cork in a Bottle”
• Persians must break through the “Cork” to get through the mountain pass & on to Athens
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Persians Land in Marathon Bay• Persians send 10,000 Light
Infantry at the Athenians
• Persian Light Infantry carry small swords and wicker shields
• They slam up against the Athenian Phalanx & are no match for the Athenians
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Immortals• Immortals were the Heavy
Infantry of the Persians
• Immortals are the Athenians worst nightmare
• They are killing machines that are very well trained and have never lost a battle
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Miltiades changes his Plan• Because the Immortals
were so deadly Miltiades has to change his strategy
• Miltiades brings his Phalanx out of the Mountain pass to the mouth of the pass
• This is so he has a little bit of room on the flanks to close in
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Miltiades changes his Plan• Because the mouth of the
pass is wider he has to take some of his men out of the CENTER of the Phalanx & put them on the sides to fortify the sides
• This made the center of the Phalanx weaker but the sides stronger
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Why make the sides Stronger
• The reason he made the sides stronger…① He wanted to make sure
the Persians couldn't get to the sides and surround him
② He knew the Persians like to use their Horseman to attack from the sides because that is the weakest part of an army
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Immortals Attack• Immortals attack the center
of the Phalanx crashing into the Athenians and immediately pushing them back
• He realizes that the Immortals are pushing him back and he is losing
• The Phalanx is about to bust open
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Surprise!!
• Although the center of the Phalanx is being pushed back
• The sides (Flanks) are holding up and pushing back the Immortals on the sides
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Miltiades orders a Surrounding
• Miltiades seeing that the Phalanx on the sides is slaughtering the Immortal guard orders the side Phalanxes to collapse to the center
• The Persians are surrounded on 3 sides and panic
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zgUFIf-uRN0
• 29:02-36:28
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Persian Retreat• Knowing that they are
beat the Persians retreat to Marathon Bay where their ships are as they are being chased by the Athenians
• The Athenians cannot get there in time and the Persians shove off & head for Athens
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Mixed Emotions• Miltiades is very happy as
he has defeated the Persian Army at Marathon only having 10,000 warriors
• He is SCARED though because he knows that they have gotten back on the ships and are heading to Athens to burn it down
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Running the Marathon
• Miltiades sends a runner named Pheidippides to warn the city of Athens
• The runner will have to run 26.2 miles from Marathon Bay to the city of Athens
• He runs all night long
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Finishing the Marathon• The runner reaches Athens
from Marathon in the morning and runs into the center of town square & yells NIKE which is the Greek Goddess of VICTORY
• He warns that the Persians are on their way
• He throws up his hands collapses and dies
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zgUFIf-uRN0
• 38:02-38:45
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Athens Army Assembles• Because of the messenger
Athens assembles an army to wait for the Persians at Athens
• The Persians get to Athens and see the massive Athenian Army waiting for them
• Persians decide better of attacking & sail home
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Athens is Saved
• Miltiades saves the city of Athens by….① Using a NATURAL
BARRIER to defend Marathon Bay
② Send the messenger to run the “Marathon” to warn Athens that the Persians were coming
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zgUFIf-uRN0
• 39:50-41:00
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Parthenon• A tribute to the Greek
Goddess Athena is built to honor the soldiers at the Battle of Marathon
• This building is called the PARTHENON
• On its walls 192 figures are carved to honor all 192 Athenians soldiers that died at the Battle of Marathon
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_Xr4u8mofU
• 21:29-22:53
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Essential Questions
• Get with a partner and answer…
• How did the Athenians create a culture expression to honor victory at the battle of Marathon?
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Marathons Today• Battle of Marathon still
lives with us today
• People run long distance races today called Marathons
• These races are exactly 26.2 miles the exact distance from Marathon Bay to Athens
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Essential Questions
• Get with a partner and answer…
• How do today’s Marathons relate to the Ancient Battle of Marathon?
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Important Points• 6.G.1.1 (Natural Barriers)
Miltiades used the Natural Barrier of a mountain pass to PROTECT his civilization from invasion
• 6.H.2.2 (Contemporary & Historical Events) Long distance races that are 26.2 miles long are still called Marathons today in honor of the Battle of Marathon
• 6.G.1.3 (distinguishing characteristic of regions [physical features]) Most of Greece has mountains which played an important role in Ancient Greece’s famous battles
• 6.C.1.1 (Architecture) Athenians constructed the PARTHENON to celebrate the victory @ Marathon