ancient nubia
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Ancient Nubia. Which Nile culture developed first?. Egypt. Nubia. Nubia. However, Egypt developed more quickly!. Nubia. Located in present day Sudan; south of Egypt Called Kingdom of Kush. Nubia. Nubia was more fertile in ancient times Silt from flooding (Nile) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Ancient NubiaAncient Nubia
Which Nile culture
developed first?
Which Nile culture
developed first?EgyptEgypt NubiaNubia
NubiaNubia
However, Egypt developed
more quickly!
However, Egypt developed
more quickly!
NubiaNubiaLocated in present day Sudan; south of EgyptCalled Kingdom of Kush
Located in present day Sudan; south of EgyptCalled Kingdom of Kush
NubiaNubiaNubia was more fertile in ancient timesSilt from flooding (Nile)Rich in minerals – gold, copper, stone
Nubia was more fertile in ancient timesSilt from flooding (Nile)Rich in minerals – gold, copper, stone
Nubian Civilization
Nubian Civilization Similar to Egypt
Farming developed about 3500 B.C.Some farmers grew wealthy; became leaders
Similar to EgyptFarming developed about 3500 B.C.Some farmers grew wealthy; became leaders
Nubian Civilization
Nubian Civilization 2000 B.C. – leader
united the region & became kingKingdom – Kush1st capital – Kerma (south of 3rd cataract) – natural barrier
2000 B.C. – leader united the region & became kingKingdom – Kush1st capital – Kerma (south of 3rd cataract) – natural barrier
Kushite societyKushite societyBegan evolvingInfluenced by people in the south and Egypt in the North
Began evolvingInfluenced by people in the south and Egypt in the North
Nubia’s WealthNubia’s WealthNubian kings gained wealth from tradeNubians raised cattle and hunted for food because they lived in a rocky region
Nubian kings gained wealth from tradeNubians raised cattle and hunted for food because they lived in a rocky region
Conflict ArisesConflict ArisesPeaceful at timesEgypt / Nubia border shifted many timesWas influenced by Egypt because of close contact, but did develop its own culture Kush grew wealthy and strongEgyptians feared the growth of Kush
Peaceful at timesEgypt / Nubia border shifted many timesWas influenced by Egypt because of close contact, but did develop its own culture Kush grew wealthy and strongEgyptians feared the growth of Kush
During Egypt’s Old Kingdom,
pharaohs often controlled Lower
Nubia
During Egypt’s Old Kingdom,
pharaohs often controlled Lower
Nubia
Egypt VS NubiaEgypt VS NubiaEgypt sought to control the mines and trade in NubiaIn times of strong governments (pharaohs) in Egypt, Egypt pushed into Nubia; weak governments were driven out of Nubia
Egypt sought to control the mines and trade in NubiaIn times of strong governments (pharaohs) in Egypt, Egypt pushed into Nubia; weak governments were driven out of Nubia
Egypt VS NubiaEgypt VS NubiaEgypt’s New Kingdom1500 B.C. - Thutmose I sent army to conquer KushConquered Nubia north of 5th cataractDestroyed KermaNubians enslavedForced to make payments of goldBuilt Egyptian temples
Egypt’s New Kingdom1500 B.C. - Thutmose I sent army to conquer KushConquered Nubia north of 5th cataractDestroyed KermaNubians enslavedForced to make payments of goldBuilt Egyptian temples
Egyptian Control
Egyptian Control
Controlled Kush 450 yearsEgyptians settled in KushEgyptian language Egyptian names, clothing, religious practices
Controlled Kush 450 yearsEgyptians settled in KushEgyptian language Egyptian names, clothing, religious practices
King’s Sons of Kush
King’s Sons of Kush
Pharaoh’s officialsKept watch over local rulersSent sons of rulers to Egypt as hostages
Pharaoh’s officialsKept watch over local rulersSent sons of rulers to Egypt as hostages
Egypt eventually retreated
because of problems at
home!
Egypt eventually retreated
because of problems at
home!
Egypt’s New Kingdom EndsEgypt’s New
Kingdom EndsMid 1000sEgypt’s pharaoh lost powerKushite leaders regained control of KushKush became independent once againNo history of Kush for next 200 years
Mid 1000sEgypt’s pharaoh lost powerKushite leaders regained control of KushKush became independent once againNo history of Kush for next 200 years
Kush Regains Power
Kush Regains Power
850 B.C.Kushites build new capital in Napata (south of Kerma)
850 B.C.Kushites build new capital in Napata (south of Kerma)
Kush Invades Egypt
Kush Invades Egypt
700s B.C.King Kashta attacked Egypt751 B.C. – conquered Lower Egypt
700s B.C.King Kashta attacked Egypt751 B.C. – conquered Lower Egypt
Kushite RuleKushite RulePiankhi (son of Kashta) – 751-716 B.C.Continued to attack EgyptBelieved gods wanted him to rule Egypt – fueled passion for warControlled from Delta to Kushite capital
Piankhi (son of Kashta) – 751-716 B.C.Continued to attack EgyptBelieved gods wanted him to rule Egypt – fueled passion for warControlled from Delta to Kushite capital
Egypt under Nubian ruleEgypt under Nubian rule
Nubians allowed Egyptians to keep their own cultureNubians helped to restore forgotten or lost parts of their culture
Nubians allowed Egyptians to keep their own cultureNubians helped to restore forgotten or lost parts of their culture
ShabakaShabakaBrother of PiankhiDeclared himself PharaohBegan 25th Dynasty Believed they were heirs of great Egyptian pharaoh’s of the past
Brother of PiankhiDeclared himself PharaohBegan 25th Dynasty Believed they were heirs of great Egyptian pharaoh’s of the past
ShabakaShabakaRestored Egyptian culture and infrastructureTried to restore old traditions and cultural practicesWorked to restore Egyptian writingRestored temples
Restored Egyptian culture and infrastructureTried to restore old traditions and cultural practicesWorked to restore Egyptian writingRestored temples
End of Nubian Rule
End of Nubian Rule
Nubians only ruled Egypt 40-60 years670s B.C. – Assyrians invaded Egypt in 10 years Kushites had been back into Nubia
Nubians only ruled Egypt 40-60 years670s B.C. – Assyrians invaded Egypt in 10 years Kushites had been back into Nubia
Kushite SuccessKushite Success
Became farmers and tradersProsperous and powerful
Became farmers and tradersProsperous and powerful
Kushite Iron IndustryKushite Iron IndustryMeroe – new capital and industrial centerLocation on Nile aided growthLarge deposits of ….
-gold-forests – ebony & other wood-iron ore
Meroe – new capital and industrial centerLocation on Nile aided growthLarge deposits of ….
-gold-forests – ebony & other wood-iron ore
Kushite TradeKushite TradeTrade network – system of people in different lands who trade goodsKush to Egyptians; Egyptians to Greeks; then to entire Mediterranean region and Red Sea ports
Trade network – system of people in different lands who trade goodsKush to Egyptians; Egyptians to Greeks; then to entire Mediterranean region and Red Sea ports
Kush Exports and Imports
Kush Exports and Imports
Exports – items sent to other places – gold, pottery, iron tools and weapons, slaves, ivoryImports – goods brought in from other countries – fine jewelry and luxury items
Exports – items sent to other places – gold, pottery, iron tools and weapons, slaves, ivoryImports – goods brought in from other countries – fine jewelry and luxury items
Cultural DiffusionCultural DiffusionTrade led to combined cultures of Kushites and othersMost obvious – Egypt – borrowed many aspects of Egyptian culture
Trade led to combined cultures of Kushites and othersMost obvious – Egypt – borrowed many aspects of Egyptian culture
Unique Kushite Culture
Unique Kushite Culture
HousesDaily lifeWorshipped some of own godsOwn written language – Meroitic (we still can’t decode)Different view on women
HousesDaily lifeWorshipped some of own godsOwn written language – Meroitic (we still can’t decode)Different view on women
Kushite WomenKushite WomenExpected to be activeSome rose to positions of powerCo-rulersQueensQueen Shankhdakheto – 1st woman to rule Kush (170 B.C. – 150 B.C.)
Expected to be activeSome rose to positions of powerCo-rulersQueensQueen Shankhdakheto – 1st woman to rule Kush (170 B.C. – 150 B.C.)
Decline of KushDecline of KushProblems within the kingdom weakened the economyOvergrazed the land (cattle); led to soil blown away by wind; less farmingCut down too many trees to fuel furnaces; furnaces shut down; fewer weapons and tools to trade
Problems within the kingdom weakened the economyOvergrazed the land (cattle); led to soil blown away by wind; less farmingCut down too many trees to fuel furnaces; furnaces shut down; fewer weapons and tools to trade
Decline of KushDecline of KushWeakened by loss of tradeForeigners set up new trade routes that bypassed KushAksum
Weakened by loss of tradeForeigners set up new trade routes that bypassed KushAksum
AksumAksumLocated on Red SeaPresent day Ethiopia and EritreaGrew wealthy quickly (200 years)A.D. 350 Emperor Ezana took advantage of Kush’s loss of wealth and military power – destroyed Kushite capital (Meroe)
Located on Red SeaPresent day Ethiopia and EritreaGrew wealthy quickly (200 years)A.D. 350 Emperor Ezana took advantage of Kush’s loss of wealth and military power – destroyed Kushite capital (Meroe)
AksumAksumLate A. D. 300s Aksum became Christian200 years later converted NubiansInfluence of Kush disappeared
Late A. D. 300s Aksum became Christian200 years later converted NubiansInfluence of Kush disappeared
Egypt and Nubia had lost
their power and NEVER regained
full strength!
Egypt and Nubia had lost
their power and NEVER regained
full strength!