and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and...
TRANSCRIPT
DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 026 522By-Schmitt, Marshall L.; Taylor, James L.Planning and Designing Functional Facilities for Industrial Arts Education.Spons Agency-Office of Education (DHEW), Washington, D.C.Report No-OE-51015Pub Date 68Note-55p.Available from-Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402(FS5.251:51015, $.45).
EDRS Price MF-$0.25 HC Not Available from EDRS.Descriptors-Design Needs, Design Preferences, *Educational Facilities, *Facility Guidelines, *FacilityRequirements, *Industrial Arts, Physical Environment, School Planning, *School Shops
This publication's purpose is to provide assistance in the planning of industrialarts facilities through suggestions and guidelines for functional space utilization andmeaningful educational specifications. It is one of a series on specialized areas ofthe school plant. Chapter headings incriude "Educational Trends and the EmergingIndustrial Arts Program," "Planning the Industrial Arts Program," "Space and FacilitiesNeeded," and "Planning the General Physical Environment: Also included are 28 safetyand health jorecautions, 11 general guidelines, 23 specific guidelines, and 59references. (EM)
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RT
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NT
OF
HE
ALT
H,
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UC
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& W
ELF
AR
E
OF
FIC
E O
F E
DU
CA
TIO
N
TH
IS D
OC
UM
EN
TH
AS
BE
EN
RE
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OD
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ED
EX
AC
TLY
AS
RE
CE
IVE
DF
RO
M T
HE
PE
RS
ON
OR
OR
GA
NIZ
AT
ION
OR
IGIN
AT
ING
II.P
OIN
TS
Of V
IEW
OR
OP
INIO
NS
ST
AT
ED
DO
NO
TN
EC
ES
SA
RIL
Y R
EP
RE
SE
NT
OF
FIC
IAL
OF
FIC
E O
FE
DU
CA
TIO
N
PO
SIT
ION
OR
PO
LIC
Y.
Pla
nnin
gan
d D
esig
ning
Fun
ctio
nal
Fac
ilitie
s fo
r
IND
US
TR
IAL
AR
TS
Edu
catio
n
U. S
. DE
PA
RT
ME
NT
OF
HE
ALT
H,
ED
UC
AT
ION
, AN
D W
ELF
AR
EW
ilbur
J. C
ohen
, Sec
reta
ry
OF
FIC
E O
F E
DU
CA
TIO
NH
arol
d H
owe
II, C
omm
issi
oner
IP%
0E-5
1015
byc-
9
Mar
shal
l LO
funi
tt,Sp
ecia
list t
or in
dust
rial
Art
s
and
.4.
Jam
es L
Tay
lor,
Spec
ialis
t in
Plan
ning
Scho
ol B
uild
ings
FOR
EW
OR
D
Supe
rint
ende
nt o
f D
ocum
ents
Cat
alog
No.
FS
5.25
1:51
015
U.S
. GO
VE
RN
ME
NT
PR
INT
ING
OFF
ICE
WA
SHIN
GT
ON
:19
68
For
sale
by
the
Supe
rint
ende
nt o
f D
ocum
ents
, U.S
. Gov
ernm
ent
Prin
ting
Off
ice,
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
. 204
02Pr
ice.
45 c
ents
T n
dust
rial
Art
s E
duca
tionP
lann
ing
and
Des
igni
ng F
unc-
tiona
l Fac
ilitie
s is
ano
ther
in th
e se
ries
of
publ
icat
ions
on
spec
ializ
ed a
reas
of
the
scho
ol p
lant
. It s
eeks
to p
rovi
de a
ssis
t-an
ce in
dev
elop
ing
new
and
rem
odel
ing
exis
ting
faci
litie
s to
mee
t the
exp
andi
ng p
rogr
ams
of in
dust
rial
art
s as
they
ref
lect
chan
ges
in in
dust
ry a
nd te
chno
logy
.W
hile
no
publ
icat
ion
will
ans
wer
all
ques
tions
, the
idea
sou
tline
d he
re w
ill h
elp
adm
inis
trat
ors,
scl
)ol
com
mitt
ees,
arch
itect
s, te
ache
rs, t
each
er e
duca
tors
, and
sup
ervi
sors
to p
lan
the
phys
ical
set
ting
for
lear
ning
and
teac
hing
. Thi
s pu
blic
a-tio
n at
tem
pts
to p
rese
nt a
n ap
proa
ch to
goo
d pl
anni
ng, n
ot to
set s
tand
ards
.T
he a
utho
rs o
btai
ned
back
grou
nd in
form
atio
n fo
r th
is s
tudy
from
con
sulta
tions
with
per
sons
con
cern
ed w
ith p
lann
ing
bul-
letin
s, f
rom
res
earc
h fi
ndin
gs,
as w
ell a
s fr
om v
isits
to a
ndob
serv
atio
ns o
f fu
nctio
nal p
rogr
ams
and
faci
litie
s in
sch
ools
in s
ever
al S
tate
s. T
he s
ketc
hes
repr
esen
t the
man
y us
eful
idea
s ga
ther
ed f
rom
thes
e vi
sits
.Sp
ecia
l ack
now
ledg
men
t is
give
n to
Joh
n M
itche
ll, c
hair
-m
an, D
epar
tmen
t of
Indu
stri
al A
rts
and
Tec
hnol
ogy,
Gor
ham
Stat
e C
olle
ge, G
orha
m, M
aine
, for
his
adv
ice
on th
e pr
epar
a-tio
n of
this
pub
licat
ion;
Del
mar
Ols
on, c
hair
man
, Dep
artm
ent
of I
ndus
tria
l Art
s, K
ent S
tate
Uni
vers
ity, K
ent,
Ohi
o, f
orne
wde
sign
s in
labo
rato
ry p
lann
ing;
E. A
llen
Bam
e, in
dust
rial
art
sco
ordi
nato
r, f
or th
e in
stru
ctio
nal p
lan
of th
e W
arre
nsvi
lleH
eigh
ts H
igh
Scho
ol, C
leve
land
, Ohi
o; R
ober
t Woo
dwar
d,su
perv
isor
of
indu
stri
al a
rts,
Sta
te D
epar
tmen
t of
Edu
catio
n,Sa
cram
ento
, Cal
if.;
and
The
odor
e E
. Gut
h, s
uper
viso
r of
in-
dust
rial
art
s, S
tate
Dep
artm
ent o
f E
duca
tion,
Ral
eigh
, N.C
.,fo
r se
lect
ed ty
pica
l ind
ustr
ial a
rts
plan
s.
John
L. C
amer
on, D
irec
tor
R..
Lou
is B
righ
t,D
ivis
ion
of F
acili
ties
Ass
ocia
te C
omm
issi
oner
Dev
elop
men
tB
urea
u of
Res
earc
hO
ffic
e of
Con
stru
ctio
nSe
rvic
es
CO
NT
EN
TS
FOR
EW
OR
D
Cha
pter
I I
NT
RO
DU
CT
ION
Purp
ose
of T
his
Publ
icat
ion
Def
initi
on o
f T
erm
s
Cha
pter
II
ED
UC
AT
ION
AL
TR
EN
DS
AN
D T
HE
EM
ER
GIN
G I
ND
UST
RIA
L A
RT
S PR
OG
RA
M
Ele
men
tary
Edu
catio
nSe
cond
ary
Edu
catio
nC
ontin
uing
Edu
catio
nC
hang
ing
Proc
edur
es a
nd M
ater
ials
Cur
rent
Dev
elop
men
ts in
Ind
ustr
ial A
rts
Cha
pter
III
PL
AN
NIN
G T
HE
IN
DU
STR
IAL
AR
TS
PRO
GR
AM
The
Pla
nnin
g C
omm
ittee
Plan
ning
Pro
cedu
res
Pupi
ls a
nd O
ther
Gro
ups
Usi
ng th
e Fa
cilit
ies
Cha
pter
IV
SPA
CE
AN
D F
AC
ILIT
IES
NE
ED
ED
Lab
orat
orie
sD
epar
tmen
tal L
ibra
ry a
nd P
lann
ing
Are
a
Pap 2 2 5 6 9 9 9 13 13 15 17 24
Stor
age
Spac
eFi
nish
ing
Roo
mD
arkr
oom
Dis
play
Are
aT
each
er's
Off
ice
Toi
lets
and
Was
hing
Fac
ilitie
sA
isle
s of
Tra
vel_
Cha
pter
V P
LA
NN
ING
TH
E G
EN
ER
AL
PHY
SIC
AL
EN
VIR
ON
ME
NT
Loc
atio
n of
the
Dep
artm
ent
Spat
ial F
acto
rsA
rchi
tect
ural
Con
side
ratio
nsC
ondi
tioni
ng S
pace
Cha
pter
VI
SUM
MA
RY
AN
DR
EC
OM
ME
ND
AT
ION
S
Gen
eral
Gui
delin
esSp
ecif
ic G
uide
lines
Rec
omm
enda
tions
for
Im
prov
ing
Indu
stri
al A
rts
Edu
catio
n
SEL
EC
TE
D R
EFE
RE
NC
ES
Pass
27 31 32 32 33 34 34 35 35 '36
38 43 44 45 51
CH
APT
ER
IIn
trod
uctio
n
TH
E L
AR
GE
SU
MS
OF
moN
EY
loca
l, St
ate,
and
Fed
eral
allo
cate
d fo
r sc
hool
con
stru
ctio
n th
roug
hout
the
Nat
ion
have
pla
ced
an a
wes
ome
resp
onsi
bilit
y on
thos
e co
ncer
ned
with
the
plan
ning
of
educ
atio
nal f
acili
ties.
Fro
m th
e ou
tset
the
scho
ol p
lann
er is
con
fron
ted
with
the
prob
lem
s of
incr
easi
ngsc
hool
pop
ulat
ions
, mou
ntin
g co
sts
of c
onst
ruct
ion
and
equi
p-m
ent,
rapi
d te
chno
logi
cal c
hang
es w
hich
can
mak
e eq
uipm
ent
and
curr
icul
ums
obso
lete
, inn
ovat
ions
in in
stru
ctio
nal m
etho
ds,
and
incr
easi
ng e
mph
asis
on
cont
inui
ng e
duca
tion.
The
pla
n-ni
ng o
f fa
cilit
ies
for
indu
stri
al a
rts
requ
ires
car
eful
atte
ntio
nso
that
ful
l val
ue f
or c
apita
l and
ope
ratin
g in
vest
men
ts m
aybe
rec
eive
d an
d m
axim
um a
chie
vem
ents
rea
lized
in a
nim
port
ant p
art o
f th
e sc
hool
cur
ricu
lum
.Pl
anne
rs m
ust c
lear
ly u
nder
stan
d an
indu
stri
al a
rts
educ
a-tio
n pr
ogra
m to
be
able
to d
esig
n fu
nctio
nal f
acili
ties.
Tho
seed
ucat
ors
who
will
use
the
faci
litie
s m
ust a
ssum
e a
maj
orre
spon
sibi
lity
in p
lann
ing.
The
y sh
ould
inte
rpre
t the
nee
ds to
scho
ol a
dmin
istr
ator
s, s
choo
l boa
rds,
citi
zen
plan
ning
com
-m
ittee
s, a
nd a
rchi
tect
s so
that
ade
quat
e sp
ace
and
need
edfa
cilit
ies
may
be
plan
ned.
Coo
rdin
atio
n in
pla
nnin
g is
ess
entia
lif
a f
unct
iona
l ind
ustr
ial a
rts
depa
rtm
ent i
s to
be
prov
ided
.
Purp
ose
of T
his
Publ
icat
ion
Thi
s pu
blic
atio
n at
tem
pts
to a
ssis
t per
sons
pla
nnin
g in
dus-
tria
l art
s fa
cilit
ies
by p
rovi
ding
sug
gest
ions
and
gui
delin
esfo
r fu
nctio
nal s
pace
util
izat
ion
and
mea
ning
ful e
duca
tiona
lsp
ecif
icat
ions
. It p
ropo
ses
to il
lust
rate
an
appr
oach
to g
ood
plan
ning
and
to o
pen
new
vis
tas
to th
ose
resp
onsi
ble
for
mak
ing
plan
s, n
ot to
set
sta
ndar
ds. I
t sho
uld
be h
elpf
ul in
pres
ervi
ce a
nd in
serv
ice
educ
atio
n of
teac
hers
fac
ed w
ith th
ech
alle
nge
of p
lann
ing
faci
litie
s. I
t sho
uld
prov
ide
loca
l sch
ool
arch
itect
s a
basi
s fo
r co
mm
unic
atin
g w
ith te
ache
rs a
nd s
uper
-vi
sors
in o
btai
ning
per
tinen
t inf
orm
atio
n co
ncer
ning
the
pro-
gram
whi
ch w
ill r
efle
ct in
thei
r pl
anni
ng. I
t sho
uld
also
be
of v
alue
to th
ose
cons
ider
ing
rem
odel
ing
or u
pdat
ing
thei
rpr
esen
t fac
ilitie
s.In
pre
para
tion
for
wri
ting
this
pub
licat
ion,
the
auth
ors
stud
ied
and
anal
yzed
cur
rent
indu
stri
al a
rts
curr
icul
ums
and
tren
ds in
bot
h el
emen
tary
and
sec
onda
ry e
duca
tion,
vis
ited
scho
ols
in s
ever
al S
tate
s, c
onfe
rred
with
pla
nnin
g sp
ecia
lists
at c
olle
ges
of e
duca
tion,
inte
rvie
wed
teac
hers
and
Sta
te a
ndlo
cal s
uper
viso
rs, e
xam
ined
Sta
te p
lann
ing
bulle
tins,
and
revi
ewed
per
tinen
t res
earc
h fi
ndin
gs.
The
ske
tche
s th
roug
hout
the
publ
icat
ion
repr
esen
t an
artis
t'svi
ew o
f fa
cilit
ies
actu
ally
fou
nd in
som
e of
the
indu
stri
al a
rts
labo
rato
ries
in th
e N
atio
n's
scho
ols
and
som
e in
nova
tions
inin
dust
rial
art
s fa
cilit
ies
or a
rchi
tect
ural
des
ign
whi
ch s
houl
dpr
ovid
e ad
ditio
nal d
irec
tion
to b
oth
plan
ners
and
arc
hite
cts.
Def
initi
on o
f T
erm
sT
he f
ollo
win
g te
rms
are
defi
ned
to s
how
thei
r us
e in
this
publ
icat
ion:
Indu
stri
al a
rtsa
pha
se o
f th
e cu
rric
ulum
in g
ener
al e
du-
catio
n; th
e bo
dy o
f su
bjec
t mat
ter
or th
e bo
dy o
f co
urse
sor
gani
zed
to d
evel
op a
n un
ders
tand
ing
of th
e te
chni
cal,
con-
sum
er, o
ccup
atio
nal,
recr
eatio
nal,
orga
niza
tiona
l, so
cial
, his
-to
rica
l, an
d cu
ltura
l asp
ects
of
indu
stry
and
tech
nolo
gy. S
tu-
dent
exp
erie
nces
invo
lve
such
act
iviti
es a
s ex
peri
men
ting,
desi
gnin
g, c
onst
ruct
ing,
eva
luat
ing,
and
usi
ng to
ols,
mat
eria
ls,
and
proc
esse
s w
hich
pro
vide
opp
ortu
nitie
s fo
r cr
eativ
ity a
ndpr
oble
m s
olvi
ng.
Subj
ect a
reaa
mai
n di
visi
on o
f su
bjec
t mat
ter;
som
etim
esus
ed a
s a
syno
nym
for
cou
rse
(exa
mpl
es: c
onst
ruct
ion,
man
u-fa
ctur
ing,
dra
win
g (e
ngin
eeri
ng),
ele
ctri
city
/ele
ctro
nics
, ele
-m
enta
ry s
choo
l ind
ustr
ial a
rts,
gra
phic
art
s, h
ome
mec
hani
cs,
met
als,
pla
stic
s, p
ower
mec
hani
cs, r
esea
rch
and
deve
lopm
ent,
and
woo
ds).
Inst
ruct
iona
l are
aa f
urth
er d
ivis
ion
or p
hase
of
the
in-
stru
ctio
nal c
onte
nt in
any
sub
ject
are
a (e
xam
ples
: let
teri
ng,
sket
chin
g, m
achi
ne d
raw
ing,
eng
inee
ring
, and
arc
hite
ctur
aldr
awin
g in
the
subj
ect a
rea
of d
raft
ing)
.In
dust
rial
art
s de
part
men
ta d
epar
tmen
t pla
nned
and
equi
pped
to f
acili
tate
the
teac
hing
of
the
subj
ect m
atte
r of
the
indu
stri
al a
rts;
may
con
sist
of
one
or m
ore
sepa
rate
fac
ilitie
sfo
r th
e va
riet
y of
cou
rses
taug
ht in
a p
artic
ular
sch
ool.
Func
tiona
l fac
ilitie
sthe
roo
ms
or s
pace
whi
ch th
e de
part
-m
ent o
ccup
ies;
incl
udes
equ
ipm
ent,
tool
s, in
stru
ctio
nal m
ate-
rial
s, a
nd s
pace
pro
vide
d fo
r st
orag
e, in
divi
dual
and
gro
upw
ork,
and
spe
cial
nee
ds r
equi
red
by th
e ac
tiviti
es b
eing
con
-du
cted
all e
ffec
tivel
y ar
rang
ed to
pro
vide
for
fle
xibi
lity
orad
apta
bilit
y to
tech
nolo
gica
l and
inst
ruct
iona
l cha
nges
, and
for
the
safe
ty a
nd h
ealth
of
the
stud
ents
.M
ain
labo
rato
ry s
pace
the
maj
or o
pen
spac
e de
sign
ed to
hous
e th
e pr
inci
pal e
quip
men
t use
d pr
imar
ily to
impl
emen
tth
e te
chni
cal a
spec
ts o
f th
e in
dust
rial
art
s pr
ogra
m; a
rea
gen-
eral
ly f
ree
from
enc
lose
d pa
rtiti
ons
and
of s
uffi
cien
t siz
e to
acco
mm
odat
e th
e sp
ace
need
s of
all
stud
ents
in c
lass
.
Aux
iliar
y sp
acea
dditi
onal
spa
ce u
sed
to s
uppl
emen
t the
mai
n la
bora
tory
spa
ce a
nd d
esig
ned
to in
crea
se th
e ef
fect
ive-
ness
of
the
tota
l fac
ilitie
s an
d in
dust
rial
art
s pr
ogra
m (
exam
-pl
es: p
lann
ing
area
, tea
cher
's o
ffic
e, f
inis
hing
roo
m, v
ario
usst
orag
e ar
eas,
and
dar
k ro
om)
; som
etim
es a
uxili
ary
spac
es a
rede
sign
ed a
s in
tegr
al p
arts
of
the
mai
n la
bora
tory
spa
ce.
Com
preh
ensi
ve g
ener
al la
bora
tory
one
of th
ree
type
s of
indu
stri
al a
rts
labo
rato
ries
, a s
pace
spe
cifi
cally
des
igne
d an
deq
uipp
ed f
or s
ever
al ty
pes
of in
stru
ctio
nal a
ctiv
ities
in tw
o or
mor
e su
bjec
t are
as a
nd u
sual
ly ta
ught
by
one
teac
her.
Aty
pica
l lab
orat
ory
may
pro
vide
inst
ruct
iona
l exp
erie
nces
indr
awin
g, m
etal
s, w
oods
, and
ele
ctri
city
/ele
ctro
nics
; or
man
u-fa
ctur
ing,
con
stru
ctio
n, g
raph
ics,
and
ele
ctri
city
/ele
ctro
nics
.G
ener
al u
nit l
abor
ator
ya s
pace
des
igne
d an
d eq
uipp
edfo
r se
vera
l ins
truc
tiona
l act
iviti
es in
two
or m
ore
inst
ruct
iona
lar
eas
of a
sin
gle
subj
ect a
rea
of in
dust
rial
art
s. A
typi
cal l
abo-
rato
ry m
ay p
rovi
de in
stru
ctio
nal e
xper
ienc
es in
the
met
als
area
and
incl
ude
the
clos
ely
rela
ted
inst
ruct
iona
l are
as o
fm
achi
ne s
hop,
she
et m
etal
, for
ging
, fou
ndry
, ben
ch o
r ar
tm
etal
wor
k, a
nd w
eldi
ng. A
noth
er il
lust
ratio
nis
a s
pace
equi
pped
for
sev
eral
inst
ruct
iona
l act
iviti
es in
dra
win
g or
dra
ft-
ing,
invo
lvin
g on
e or
mor
e su
bjec
ts a
nd le
arni
ng a
ctiv
ities
,su
ch a
s ar
chite
ctur
al d
raft
ing,
eng
inee
ring
dra
win
g, in
dust
rial
desi
gn, a
nd d
escr
iptiv
e ge
omet
ry.
Uni
t lab
orat
orya
spa
ce d
esig
ned
and
equi
pped
for
sev
eral
inst
ruct
iona
l act
iviti
es in
one
inst
ruct
iona
l are
a of
a s
ingl
esu
bjec
t are
a fo
r in
dust
rial
art
s. A
typi
cal l
abor
ator
y m
ay p
ro-
vide
the
oppo
rtun
ity f
or s
tude
nts
to h
ave
inst
ruct
ion
in m
etal
mac
hini
ngon
e in
stru
ctio
nal a
rea
of th
e m
etal
s su
bjec
t are
a. 3
Chi
ldre
n le
arn
to c
ontr
ol th
eir
envi
ronm
ent t
hrou
gh in
dust
rial a
rts
activ
ities
.
CH
APT
ER
II
Edu
catio
nal T
rend
s an
d th
e E
mer
ging
Ind
ustr
ial A
rts
Prog
ram
WIT
HIN
RE
CE
NT
YE
AR
S, s
cien
tific
and
tech
nolo
gica
l ach
ieve
-m
ents
and
soc
iolo
gica
l dev
elop
men
ts h
ave
had
a pr
o-fo
und
effe
ct u
pon
the
educ
atio
nal c
omm
unity
. Cha
nges
incu
rric
ulum
s, o
rgan
izat
iona
l pat
tern
s, a
nd in
stru
ctio
nal m
eth-
odol
ogy
brou
ght o
n in
par
t by
incr
ease
d en
rollm
ents
hav
ebe
en r
efle
cted
not
onl
y in
the
plan
for
edu
catio
n bu
t als
o in
the
phys
ical
env
iron
men
t. In
dust
rial
art
s, a
s a
part
of
the
tota
lpr
ogra
m o
f ed
ucat
ion,
is p
artic
ular
ly s
ensi
tive
to d
evel
opm
ents
in e
duca
tion.
A b
rief
rev
iew
of
thos
e de
velo
pmen
ts, a
t the
vari
ous
leve
ls o
f ed
ucat
ion,
whi
ch h
ave
clea
r im
plic
atio
n fo
rin
dust
rial
art
s an
d its
fac
ilitie
s fo
llow
s.
Ele
men
tary
Edu
catio
nT
he e
lem
enta
ry s
choo
l has
bee
n on
e of
the
mos
t fle
xibl
eun
its o
f th
e sc
hool
str
uctu
re. T
he c
hang
es in
its
exte
rnal
ap-
pear
ance
are
obv
ious
whe
n on
e co
ntra
sts
the
old,
mul
tisto
rybu
ildin
gs w
ith th
e ne
w, o
ne-l
evel
str
uctu
res
situ
ated
on
gen-
erou
s si
tes
that
allo
w f
or la
ndsc
apin
g an
d pl
ay a
reas
. Whi
leph
ysic
al c
ontr
asts
with
in th
e sc
hool
are
sta
rtlin
g, o
f ev
engr
eate
r si
gnif
ican
ce a
re th
e ch
ange
s in
org
aniz
atio
nal p
atte
rns
and
inst
ruct
iona
l met
hods
. Of
part
icul
ar n
ote
are
the
tren
dsto
war
d th
e el
imin
atio
n of
rig
id g
rade
div
isio
ns a
nd th
e re
-or
gani
zatio
n of
pro
gram
s to
ext
end
over
two
or m
ore
year
sof
a c
hild
's g
row
th; a
n ex
tens
ion
of th
e sc
hool
day
and
yea
rto
per
mit
cert
ain
cour
ses
of th
e cu
rric
ulum
to b
e fu
lly a
ug-
men
ted
and
new
er c
ours
es to
be
adde
d; a
nd a
n in
crea
se in
the
use
of te
am te
achi
ng, c
lose
d-ci
rcui
t tel
evis
ion,
and
oth
erel
ectr
onic
and
mec
hani
cal d
evic
es.
In m
any
inst
ance
s, th
e tr
aditi
onal
rec
tang
ular
cla
ssro
om is
bein
g re
plac
ed b
y sp
aces
of
vari
ous
shap
es to
obt
ain
mor
eef
fect
ive
utili
zatio
n of
spa
ce. I
n so
me
sect
ions
of
the
coun
try,
even
hex
agon
al-s
hape
d cl
assr
oom
s ar
e be
ing
used
to o
btai
n a
high
er d
egre
e of
fle
xibi
lity.
Mov
able
sou
ndpr
oof
part
ition
s ca
npr
ovid
e fo
r la
rge
and
smal
l cla
sses
and
gro
up w
ork,
isol
ate
nois
e fr
om q
uiet
are
as, a
nd p
erm
it m
ore
effe
ctiv
e us
e of
new
erin
stru
ctio
nal t
echn
olog
y. S
peci
al e
duca
tion
room
s de
sign
edsp
ecif
ical
ly to
mee
t the
nee
ds o
f th
e ha
ndic
appe
d, a
dequ
ate
libra
ries
with
wor
kroo
ms,
and
sto
rage
fac
ilitie
s fo
r au
dio-
visu
al e
quip
men
t are
als
o be
com
ing
a pa
rt o
f fu
nctio
nally
plan
ned
elem
enta
ry s
choo
ls.
Sinc
e in
dust
rial
art
s su
bjec
t mat
ter
is r
ich
in th
e m
ater
ial
cultu
re, i
t can
cap
ture
the
youn
g le
arne
r's a
ttent
ion
and
en-
rich
his
con
cept
s. F
rom
a s
tudy
of
indu
stri
al a
rts,
ele
men
tary
scho
ol c
hild
ren
can
gain
new
mea
ning
s an
d un
ders
tand
ings
abou
t the
wor
ld in
whi
ch th
ey li
ve, e
spec
ially
the
man
mad
ew
orld
. Pup
ils w
ho s
ee o
nly
the
prod
ucts
of
indu
stry
hav
e lit
tlekn
owle
dge
of th
e te
chno
logi
cal p
roce
sses
invo
lved
in th
eir
crea
tion
and
deve
lopm
ent.
Indu
stri
al a
rts
educ
atio
n pr
ovid
esth
e op
port
unity
for
pup
ils to
lear
n ab
out t
he im
pact
of
tech
-no
logy
thro
ugh
dire
ct le
arni
ng a
ctiv
ities
whi
ch a
re m
eani
ngfu
lto
them
. If
prop
erly
taug
ht, i
nstr
uctio
n co
ncer
ning
an
ordi
-na
ry p
iece
of
woo
d, f
or e
xam
ple,
ena
bles
the
stud
ent t
o le
arn
man
y m
eani
ngs
of th
e sy
mbo
l woo
dits
text
ure,
sm
ell,
wei
ght,
and
tast
eand
to u
nder
stan
d its
incr
ease
d va
lue
whe
n he
chan
ges
it to
mee
t his
nee
ds.
5
)0 ,.
...
ill,..
......
.....
ig. .
'-'N
, . \
- t.-
JO ii!!!
4111
-"1
112-
itii-
nrIt
i,ii
,;,,a
.i'qt
i it
/tY-i
rliii
iiiii
rim
iiiik
ai.!
Lki
iiiii
slal
s13
Fp-
iiiiii
iiiiii
!0!1
4;:i
Iiiii
itviq
oiii
imu!
rilti
it.-
iiiki
ii!.;:
41,-
--
Sea
rchi
ng fo
r so
lutio
ns to
tech
nolo
gica
lpr
oble
ms.
6
Thr
ough
the
plan
ning
and
cons
truc
tion
activ
ities
whi
chch
arac
teri
ze in
dust
rial
art
s at
this
leve
l, th
e ch
ild in
crea
ses
his
skill
s in
lang
uage
, sci
ence
, and
arith
met
ic. I
n ad
ditio
n, in
-du
stri
alar
tsac
tiviti
es p
rovi
de o
ppor
tuni
ties
for
phys
ical
coor
dina
tion
and
who
leso
me
emot
iona
lan
d so
cial
gro
wth
,st
imul
ate
lear
ning
, off
er o
utle
tsfo
r cr
eatin
g an
d m
akin
gob
ject
s, a
nd h
elp
pupi
ls f
orm
new
con
cept
sab
out t
he m
an-
mad
e w
orld
.T
he f
acili
ties
for
indu
stri
al a
rts
in e
lem
enta
ry s
choo
ls m
aybe
pro
vide
d ei
ther
as
a si
ngle
faci
lity
serv
ing
an e
ntir
e sc
hool
or a
s a
part
of
the
regu
lar
clas
sroo
m s
o th
at s
mal
l gro
ups
can
wor
k on
con
stru
ctio
n ac
tiviti
es a
t any
time
duri
ng th
e da
y.In
pla
nnin
g, o
ffic
ials
sho
uld
give
par
ticul
ar a
ttent
ion
toth
e
elim
inat
ion
of a
ny s
afet
y ha
zard
and
to th
e se
lect
ion
ofeq
uipm
ent,
tool
s, a
nd m
ater
ials
desi
gned
to m
eet t
he p
hysi
cal
limita
tions
of
the
child
ren.
Seco
ndar
y E
duca
tion
Som
e of
the
chan
ges
occu
rrin
g in
the
seco
ndar
y sc
hool
s ar
e
not u
nlik
e th
ose
whi
ch o
ccur
in th
e el
emen
tary
scho
ol. O
fpa
rtic
ular
inte
rest
to p
lann
ers
and
desi
gner
s of
indu
stri
al a
rts
faci
litie
s is
the
conc
erte
d ef
fort
that
thes
e sc
hool
s ar
e m
akin
g
to m
eet t
he n
eeds
of
a gr
eate
rva
riet
y of
pup
ils. T
hese
incl
ude
not o
nly
the
colle
ge-b
ound
and
the
aver
age,
but
als
o th
esl
ow,
the
gift
ed, t
he p
hysi
cally
or
men
tally
han
dica
pped
, and
the
in
cultu
rally
dep
rive
d. P
rogr
ams
offe
ring
pup
ilsop
port
uniti
es to
lear
n bo
th in
cla
ss a
nd o
ut o
f cl
ass
are
bein
gac
cept
ed in
man
ysc
hool
s. S
imila
rly,
indu
stri
al a
rts
prog
ram
sw
ith th
eir
num
er-
ous
oppo
rtun
ities
for
indi
vidu
al a
nd g
roup
act
iviti
es a
nd th
eir
conc
ern
for
pupi
l ;w
hate
ver
thei
r ca
pabi
litie
s ar
e in
crea
sing
in n
umbe
r th
roug
hout
the
Nat
ion.
1.2
For
exam
ple,
gir
ls e
n-ro
lled
in s
ome
hom
e ec
onom
ics
clas
ses
are
exch
angi
ng p
lace
sw
ith b
oys
in in
dust
rial
art
s so
that
bot
h gr
oups
may
incr
ease
thei
r kn
owle
dge
and
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
the
hom
e,its
pro
blem
s,m
anag
em:n
ts, a
nd m
aint
enan
ce.
Thr
ough
sho
rt c
ours
es o
run
its, g
irls
lear
n ab
out i
ndus
try
and
tech
nolo
gyan
d th
eir
role
in it
; use
com
mon
tool
s an
d eq
uipm
ent s
afel
y; a
ndin
vest
igat
eth
e pu
rcha
se, u
se, a
nd s
impl
e se
rvic
ing
ofm
anuf
actu
red
artic
les
and
devi
ces.
Boy
s, o
n th
e ot
her
hand
,le
arn
abou
tho
me
man
agem
ent,
food
and
die
ts, a
esth
etic
asp
ects
of th
eho
me,
and
, to
som
e de
gree
, pre
para
tion
of f
oods
, and
clot
hing
repa
ir a
nd m
aint
enan
ce.
To
mee
t the
nee
ds o
f pu
pils
in a
ll pr
ogra
ms,
sch
ool
offi
cial
s
are
usin
g m
ore
flex
ible
tim
e se
gmen
ts,
long
er s
choo
l day
s, a
nda
long
er s
choo
l yea
r.
Gra
ce S
. Wri
ght.
Off
erin
gs a
nd E
nrol
lmen
ts in
Hig
h Sc
hool
Sub-
ject
s. W
ashi
ngto
n: U
.S. G
over
nmen
t Pri
ntin
g O
ffic
e, 1
960.
Mar
shal
l L. S
chm
itt a
nd A
lber
t L. P
elle
y. I
ndus
tria
l Art
s E
duca
-tio
n, A
Sur
vey
of P
rogr
ams,
Tea
cher
s, S
tude
nts,
and
Cur
ricu
lum
.W
ashi
ngto
n: U
. S. G
over
nmen
t Pri
ntin
g O
ffic
e, 1
966.
ina.
Ns
mai
alN
E P
ON
CO
INN
it a
lA
wai
t gm
me
IN
Indu
stria
l art
s ex
perie
nces
hel
pin
divi
dual
s bu
y an
d us
ein
dust
rial p
rodu
cts
wis
ely.
7
sseo
old
Suo
lapi
e s
!Mol
ouve
lspe
lepl
snpu
! Ino
qe S
u!w
eel
Con
tinui
ng E
duca
tion
The
con
cept
of
cont
inui
nged
ucat
ion,
sta
rtin
g w
ith e
arly
child
hood
and
per
sist
ing
thro
ugho
utlif
e, is
bei
ng a
ccep
ted
by
man
y co
mm
uniti
es.
The
rap
id r
ate
at w
hich
kno
wle
dge
and
jobs
bec
ome
obso
lesc
ent,
and
the
fact
that
pro
blem
s of
livi
ng
take
on
diff
eren
t con
nota
tions
and
requ
ire
diff
eren
t sol
utio
nsth
roug
h th
e va
riou
s cy
cles
of
life
have
conv
ince
d th
em th
ated
ucat
ion
com
plet
ed y
este
iday
is in
adeq
uate
for
toda
y. S
uch
com
mun
ities
are
cha
lleng
ing
thei
r sc
hool
s to
prov
ide
for
all
who
wou
ld c
ontin
ue th
eir
educ
atio
nan
d fo
r th
e dr
opou
tsw
ho, i
n or
der
to s
ecur
e a
job
or m
ake
aliv
ing,
mus
t ret
urn
tosc
hool
for
mor
e an
d pe
rhap
s a
diff
eren
tki
nd o
f ed
ucat
ion.
The
sch
ool i
s be
ing
chal
leng
ed to
prov
ide
adeq
uate
spa
ce a
ndap
prop
riat
e fa
cilit
ies
for
all w
ho w
ould
con
tinue
thei
r ed
uca-
tion
thro
ugho
ut li
fe.
As
adul
ts a
nd y
outh
ret
urn
to s
choo
lin
incr
easi
ng n
umbe
rs,
spec
ial p
rovi
sion
s w
ill b
e ne
eded
for
spa
cean
d eq
uipm
ent.
Som
e of
the
sam
e fa
cilit
ies
used
by
high
scho
ol p
upils
may
be
used
by
adul
t cla
sses
. The
mor
e cl
asse
ssc
hedu
led
for
spac
e,ho
wev
er, t
he m
ore
stor
age
will
be
need
edfo
r su
pplie
s an
dm
ater
ials
use
d by
thes
e gr
oups
.
Cha
ngin
g Pr
oced
ures
and
Mat
eria
ls
Cha
ngin
g in
stru
ctio
nal p
roce
dure
s an
d m
ater
ials
are
also
infl
uenc
ing
scho
ol p
lann
ing.
For
exa
mpl
e, e
duca
tiona
lte
levi
-
sion
, tea
chin
g m
achi
nes,
pro
gram
ed le
arni
ng,
and
com
pute
r-as
sist
ed in
stru
ctio
n ar
e be
ing
used
in te
achi
ngin
dust
rial
art
s.Sm
all t
elev
isio
n ca
mer
as a
nd a
ssoc
iate
d el
ectr
onic
seq
uipm
ent
mak
e it
poss
ible
for
indu
stri
al a
rts
teac
hers
tovi
deot
ape
indu
s-tr
ial p
roce
sses
and
to c
orre
late
them
with
cla
ssro
omin
stru
c-tio
n. C
onfe
renc
e te
chni
ques
cal
l for
tabl
es a
ndch
airs
to b
em
oved
fro
m p
lace
to p
lace
to f
acili
tate
inst
ruct
ion.
Spa
cean
dfa
cilit
ies
for
thes
e in
nova
tions
mus
t be
cons
ider
ed in
futu
repl
anni
ng.
Pupi
ls a
re b
eing
giv
en m
ore
oppo
rtun
ity to
spe
nd p
art o
fth
eir
time
stud
ying
inde
pend
ently
and
are
bei
ng p
rovi
ded
priv
ate
spac
e, s
uch
as c
arre
ls, e
ither
in th
e lib
rary
or
in d
esig
-na
ted
area
s ne
arby
. Tap
e re
cord
ers
or o
ther
teac
hing
aids
and
mat
eria
ls a
re r
eadi
ly a
vaila
ble
and
enco
urag
e in
divi
dual
stud
y.Pr
ovis
ions
are
als
o be
ing
mad
e fo
r sp
ace
whi
ch c
an h
ouse
larg
e cl
asse
s of
a h
undr
ed o
r m
ore
stud
ents
, but
whi
ch c
an b
edi
vide
d in
to s
mal
ler
units
of
thre
e to
fiv
e ro
oms.
The
flex
i-
bilit
y of
this
arr
ange
men
t pro
vide
s fo
r te
am te
achi
ng a
ndth
eim
prov
ed u
se o
f m
any
type
s of
inst
ruct
iona
l med
ia.
Bot
heq
uipm
ent (
tele
visi
on a
nd p
rogr
amed
lear
ning
devi
ces
and
mac
hine
s) a
nd a
udio
visu
al in
stru
ctio
nal m
ater
ials
(ov
erhe
ad,
opaq
ue, m
otio
n, a
nd s
till
proj
ectu
als)
are
bei
ng u
sed
effe
c-tiv
ely
in s
choo
ls.
Cur
rent
Dev
elop
men
ts in
Ind
ustr
ial A
rts
Phys
ical
fac
ilitie
s fo
r te
achi
ng in
dust
rial
art
s ar
ein
flue
nced
not o
nly
by tr
ends
whi
ch a
ffec
tal
l edu
catio
n bu
t als
o by
chan
ges
whi
ch a
re o
ccur
ring
in th
e su
bjec
t fie
ld it
self
.B
elow
are
som
e of
the
mor
eev
iden
t dev
elop
men
ts a
nd th
eir
impl
ica-
tions
for
pla
nnin
g fa
cilit
ies.
Cha
nge
inO
bjec
tives
.The
spec
tacu
lar
tech
nolo
gica
lch
ange
s si
nce
Wor
ld W
ar I
I ha
ve h
ad a
sig
nifi
cant
impa
ct o
nal
l edu
catio
n in
clud
ing
indu
stri
al a
rts.
Bec
ause
the
orga
ni-
zatio
n of
any
cou
rsei
ts c
onte
nt, m
etho
d of
teac
hing
, and
eval
uatio
nis
base
d up
on o
bjec
tives
, ind
ustr
ial a
rts
educ
ator
sha
ve e
xam
ined
thos
e w
hich
hav
e gu
ided
the
prog
ram
for
man
y ye
ars.
The
y no
ted
that
the
obje
ctiv
es w
hich
wer
e th
eha
llmar
k of
indu
stri
al a
rts
afte
r th
e tu
rn o
fth
e ce
ntur
y w
ere
not a
pplic
able
to to
day'
s sp
ace
era.
In a
n at
tem
pt to
del
inea
teth
ose
whi
ch a
re "
uniq
ue, a
ttain
able
, and
like
ly to
achi
eve
the
desi
red
resu
lts,"
Hos
tetle
r,3
repo
rts
the
follo
win
g ob
ject
iveg
3 Iv
an J
. Hos
tetle
r. "
Wha
t Obj
ectiv
es S
houl
dB
e E
mph
asiz
ed in
Indu
stri
al A
rts,
" Im
prov
ing
Indu
stri
al A
rts
Tea
chin
g. W
ashi
ngto
n:U
.S. G
over
nmen
t Pri
ntin
g O
ffic
e, 1
962,
pp.
11-2
8.
9
whi
ch s
houl
d be
em
phas
ized
in p
ublic
sch
ool p
rogr
ams:
1. T
o de
velo
p in
eac
h st
uden
t an
insi
ght a
nd u
nder
-st
andi
ng o
f in
dust
ry a
nd it
s pl
ace
in o
ur c
ultu
re.
2. T
o di
scov
er a
nd d
evel
op ta
lent
s of
stu
dent
s in
the
tech
nica
l fie
lds
and
appl
ied
scie
nces
.3.
To
deve
lop
tech
nica
l pro
blem
-sol
ving
ski
lls r
elat
ed to
mat
eria
ls a
nd p
roce
sses
.4.
To
deve
lop
in e
ach
stud
ent a
mea
sure
of
skill
in th
eus
e of
com
mon
tool
s an
d m
achi
nes.
The
se f
our,
with
min
or v
aria
tions
, hav
e be
en g
ener
ally
ac-
cept
ed b
y th
e pr
ofes
sion
and
are
bei
ng e
mph
asiz
ed in
crea
s-in
gly.
Spe
cifi
c ob
ject
ives
for
the
vari
ous
age
and
grad
e le
vels
from
ele
men
tary
thro
ugh
seni
or h
igh
scho
ol, m
odif
ied
for
the
slow
lear
ner
as w
ell a
s th
e gi
fted
, mus
t of
cour
se s
uppl
emen
tth
e ba
sic
obje
ctiv
es.
To
impl
emen
t the
se o
bjec
tives
the
indu
stri
al a
rts
depa
rt-
men
t sho
uld
incl
ude
func
tiona
l fac
ilitie
s fo
r as
man
y su
bjec
tar
eas
as f
easi
ble
with
in th
e bu
dget
ary
limita
tions
. The
sesh
ould
be
desi
gned
and
pla
nned
to m
eet t
he n
eeds
of
each
pupi
l, an
d sh
ould
hav
e "b
uilt-
in"
flex
ibili
ty a
nd a
dapt
abili
tyfo
r fu
ture
cha
nges
in te
chno
logy
and
indu
stry
.T
he E
xpan
ding
Cur
ricu
lum
.Cur
ricu
lum
s w
hich
car
ry o
utth
e ob
ject
ives
of
indu
stri
al a
rts
have
in r
ecen
t yea
rs b
een
the
subj
ect o
f ex
tens
ive
stud
y by
nat
iona
l and
Sta
te p
rofe
ssio
nal
orga
niza
tions
, dep
artm
ents
of
educ
atio
n, c
olle
ge a
nd u
nive
r-si
ty r
esea
rch
team
s, a
s w
ell a
s le
ader
s in
the
fiel
d. S
ome
of th
ein
vest
igat
ions
are
stil
l in
proc
ess,
whi
le o
ther
s ha
ve b
een
com
plet
ed a
nd r
epor
ted.
Of
spec
ial i
nter
est t
o pl
anne
rs o
f in
-du
stri
al a
rts
faci
litie
s is
the
goal
of
all t
hese
inve
stig
atio
nsna
mel
y, h
ow b
est t
o pr
ovid
e a
prog
ram
whi
ch w
ill p
repa
repu
pils
at t
he v
ario
us g
rade
and
age
leve
ls a
nd th
ose
with
diff
eren
t edu
catio
nal c
apac
ities
and
mot
ivat
ions
for
the
tech
-no
logi
cal c
ultu
re. A
ny c
urri
culu
m, h
owev
er d
evis
ed, w
ill b
esu
bjec
t to
Stat
e an
d lo
cal c
omm
unity
det
erm
inan
ts w
hich
shou
ld b
e th
orou
ghly
exp
lore
d be
fore
ser
ious
pla
nnin
g be
gins
.
10
A b
rief
rev
iew
of
curr
icul
um d
evel
opm
ents
abo
ut w
hich
ther
e se
ems
to b
e co
nsen
sus
may
pro
vide
the
plan
ner
initi
aldi
rect
ion.
At t
he ju
nior
hig
h sc
hool
leve
lgra
des
7, 8
, and
9se
vera
l sub
ject
are
as a
re b
eing
add
ed to
the
curr
icul
um,
eith
er s
epar
atel
yas
draw
ing
or d
raft
ing,
woo
ds, m
etal
s, e
lec-
tric
ity a
nd e
lect
roni
csor
inte
grat
ed, a
s m
anuf
actu
ring
or
cons
truc
tion.
The
se g
ive
pupi
ls a
n op
port
unity
to le
arn
abou
tan
d ex
plor
e th
e m
any
face
ts o
f th
ese
indu
stri
es a
nd to
hel
pth
em d
isco
ver
and
deve
lop
wha
teve
r te
chno
logi
cal t
alen
tsth
ey m
ay p
osse
ss. T
he ty
pes
of in
dust
rial
art
s la
bora
tori
essu
itabl
e fo
r th
e ju
nior
hig
h sc
hool
pro
gram
are
the
com
pre-
hens
ive
gene
ral a
nd th
e ge
nera
l uni
t. (S
ee p
. 17
for
a di
scus
-si
on o
f th
e va
riou
s ty
pes
of la
bora
tori
es.)
The
for
mer
ispr
efer
red,
alth
ough
it r
equi
res
spec
ially
pre
pare
d te
ache
rs.
Whe
re th
e la
tter
is f
ound
, one
fac
ility
for
eac
h su
bjec
t are
a is
usua
lly p
rovi
ded.
The
se a
re m
ore
expe
nsiv
e to
equ
ip, b
utla
rger
sch
ool s
yste
ms
find
them
bet
ter
suite
d to
thei
r ne
eds.
At t
he s
enio
r hi
gh s
choo
l lev
elgr
ades
10,
11,
and
12t
hecu
rric
ulum
pro
vide
s fo
r gr
eate
r co
ncen
trat
ion
in o
ne o
r m
ore
subj
ect a
reas
whi
ch a
re o
nly
touc
hed
Lab
orat
orie
s fo
r hi
gh s
choo
l pro
gram
s ar
e of
the
gene
ral u
nit
and,
in s
ome
larg
er s
choo
ls, t
he u
nit t
ype.
Som
e sc
hool
s us
etw
o or
mor
e co
mpr
ehen
sive
gen
eral
indu
stri
al a
rts
labo
ra-
tori
es, b
ut u
sual
ly o
ffer
onl
y tw
o su
bjec
t are
as; t
hese
are
clo
sely
asso
ciat
ed, s
uch
as w
oods
and
met
als,
pow
er m
echa
nics
and
elec
tric
ity/e
lect
roni
cs, o
r gr
aphi
c ar
ts a
nd d
raft
ing.
An
appr
oach
to c
urri
culu
m d
evel
opm
ent w
hich
is c
urre
ntly
rece
ivin
g th
e at
tent
ion
of th
e pr
ofes
sion
is th
at o
utlin
ed in
the
publ
icat
ion
Indu
stri
al A
rts
and
Tec
hnol
ogy
by D
elm
ar W
.O
lson
of
Ken
t Sta
te U
nive
rsity
.4 T
he c
urri
culu
m f
or in
dus-
tria
l art
s w
hich
this
text
pre
sent
s re
flec
ts th
e te
chno
logy
be-
ginn
ing
in th
e el
emen
tary
sch
ool a
nd e
xten
ding
thro
ugh
the
univ
ersi
ty. H
is r
ecom
men
ded
curr
icul
um f
or b
oth
the
ele-
' Del
mar
W. O
lson
. Ind
ustr
ial A
rts
and
Tec
hnol
ogy.
Eng
lew
ood
Clif
fs, N
.J.:
Pren
tice-
Hal
l, In
c., 1
963.
--=
^".1
1111
11(
men
tary
and
the
seco
ndar
y sc
hool
s as
outli
ned
in a
U.S
.
Off
ice
of E
duca
tion
conf
eren
ce r
epor
t 5 is
:
Ele
men
tary
Sch
ool
Gra
des
1, 2
: Tec
hnol
ogy
and
the
Com
mun
ityG
rade
s 3,
4: T
echn
olog
yan
d th
e N
atio
nG
rade
s 5,
6: T
echn
olog
yan
d th
e W
orld
juni
or
Gra
de
Gra
de
Gra
de
Seni
or
Hig
h Sc
hool
7: T
he M
anuf
actu
ring
Indu
stri
es:
cera
mic
s, c
hem
ical
s, f
ood
8: T
he M
anuf
actu
ring
Indu
stri
es:
pape
r, te
xtbo
oks,
rubb
er9:
The
Man
ufac
turi
ngIn
dust
ries
:to
ols,
mac
hine
s
Hig
h Sc
hool
Lea
ther
, pla
stic
s,
Gra
de 1
0:
Gra
de 1
1:
Gra
de 1
2:
Gra
des
10,
Gra
des
10,
Gra
phic
arts
,
Met
als,
The
Con
stru
ctio
n In
dust
ries
The
Ele
ctro
nic
Indu
stri
esT
he P
ower
Ind
ustr
ies
The
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
Indu
stri
esT
he S
ervi
ce I
ndus
trie
sIn
dust
rial
Man
agem
ent
11, 1
2: R
esea
rch
and
Dev
elop
men
t11
, 12:
Ind
ustr
ial A
rts
Rec
reat
ion
woo
ds,
The
cha
lleng
e of
Ols
on's
res
earc
hha
s be
en a
ccep
ted
byso
me
indu
stri
al a
rts
educ
ator
s, a
mon
g th
em o
ffic
ials
of
Mai
ne's
Stat
e D
epar
tmen
t of
Edu
catio
n.T
he d
epar
tmen
t has
pre
-pa
red
a St
ate
curr
icul
um g
uide
;°re
vise
d its
teac
her
educ
atio
ncu
rric
ulum
, inc
ludi
ng d
esig
ning
and
cons
truc
ting
func
tiona
l
5---
, "W
hat G
uide
lines
Sho
uld
Be
Follo
wed
in D
eter
min
ing
Cur
-ri
culu
m C
onte
nt f
or I
ndus
tria
l Art
s?"
Impr
ovin
g In
dust
rial
Art
sT
each
ing.
Was
hing
ton:
U.S
. Gov
ernm
ent
Prin
ting
Off
ice,
196
2, p
p.23
-24.
' Ind
ustr
ial A
rts
Tec
hnol
ogy:
A S
tudy
of A
mer
ican
Ind
ustr
y.A
ugus
ta, M
aine
: Sta
te D
epar
tmen
t of
Edu
catio
n,19
65.
faci
litie
s; a
nd is
cur
rent
ly u
sing
the
new
cur
ricu
lum
in s
ever
alsc
hool
s. N
ew a
nd r
emod
eled
labo
rato
ries
at b
oth
the
juni
oran
d th
e se
nior
hig
h sc
hool
leve
ls a
reof
the
com
preh
ensi
vege
nera
l typ
e de
sign
ed to
pro
vide
expe
rien
ces
whi
ch e
ncom
pass
mos
t of
the
subj
ect a
reas
outli
ned
by O
lson
.O
ther
res
earc
h st
udie
s ho
ld p
rom
ise
for
indu
stri
al a
rts
cur-
ricu
lum
dev
elop
men
t. Fo
r ex
ampl
e,th
e re
sear
ch a
t the
Sta
teU
nive
rsity
of
New
Yor
k at
Osw
ego,
New
Yor
k, e
ntitl
ed "
Fiel
dSt
udy
in I
ndus
try
for
the
Prep
arat
ion
of I
ndus
tria
l Art
sM
ajor
s" is
exp
ecte
d to
iden
tify
man
yof
the
basi
c co
ncep
ts o
fin
dust
ry.7
At t
he U
nive
rsity
of
Min
neso
ta, M
inne
apol
is, a
proj
ect i
s in
vest
igat
ing
two
met
hods
of te
achi
ng th
e th
eory
and
prac
tice
of th
e pl
astic
sin
dust
ry.8
Ano
ther
res
earc
h st
udy,
ent
itled
"A
nIn
dust
rial
Art
s C
ur-.
ricu
lum
Pro
ject
for
the
Juni
orH
igh
Scho
ol"
cond
ucte
d at
Ohi
o St
ate
Uni
vers
ity, C
olum
bus,
Ohi
o, is
dev
elop
ing
ara
tiona
le a
nd s
truc
ture
for
indu
stri
al a
rts
subj
ect m
atte
r.°
The
se a
nd o
ther
res
earc
h st
udie
sw
ill n
o do
ubt i
nflu
ence
indu
stri
al a
rts
inst
ruct
ion.
The
eva
luat
ion
of a
chie
vem
ent
in in
dust
rial
art
s w
ill a
lso
affe
ct c
urri
culu
m d
irec
tion
and,
indi
rect
ly, f
acili
ties
plan
ning
.
Unt
il re
cent
ly s
tand
ardi
zed
test
sha
d no
t bee
n de
velo
ped
for
indu
stri
al a
rts,
hen
ce c
ompa
rativ
e da
ta o
nth
e ef
fect
iven
ess
of in
stru
ctio
n an
d co
nten
t wer
ela
ckin
g.1°
Stu
dies
pro
duci
ngsu
ch d
ata
wou
ld h
ave
a st
rong
infl
uenc
e on
the
type
and
qual
ity o
f th
e ed
ucat
ion
prov
ided
.
Fiel
d St
udy
in I
ndus
try
for
the
Prep
arat
ion
of I
ndus
tria
l Art
sT
each
ers,
Sta
te U
nive
rsity
Col
lege
,O
sweg
o, N
. Y. F
inal
rep
ort,
Proj
ect 5
-136
9, C
ontr
act 0
E-6
-10-
128,
Vol
. I. U
.S. D
epar
tmen
tof
Hea
lth, E
duca
tion,
and
Wel
fare
,Aug
ust 1
967.
A C
ompa
riso
n of
Tw
o M
etho
dsof
Tea
chin
g C
once
pts
Abo
utth
ePl
astic
Ind
ustr
y fo
r In
dust
rial
Art
sE
duca
tion,
Uni
vers
ity o
f M
inne
-so
ta. P
roje
ct N
o. 6
-802
2,C
ontr
act N
o. 0
E-6
-10-
351.
U.S
.D
epar
t-m
ent o
f H
ealth
, Edu
catio
n,an
d W
elfa
re, A
pril
1967
.A
n In
dust
rial
Art
s C
urri
culu
mPr
ojec
t for
the
Juni
or H
igh
Scho
ol,
Ohi
o St
ate
Uni
vers
ity, C
olum
bus,
Ohi
o. B
R. 5
-005
9, 0
E-5
85-0
66.
U.S
. Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth
, Edu
catio
n,an
d W
elfa
re.
" E
duca
tiona
l Tes
ting
Serv
ice:
Seri
es o
f St
anda
rdiz
ed I
ndus
tria
lArt
sA
chie
vem
ent T
ests
. Pri
ncet
on, N
. J. I
nPr
ess.
11
Inst
ruct
iona
l Pra
ctic
es.C
lass
inst
ruct
ion
and
indi
vidu
al in
-st
ruct
ion
are
used
by
indu
stri
al a
rts
teac
hers
. Sup
plem
ente
d by
the
usua
l aud
iovi
sual
aid
s an
d de
vice
sfilm
s, s
lides
, mod
els,
moc
kups
, opa
ques
, tap
esan
d ne
wer
inst
ruct
iona
l med
iate
levi
sion
, tea
chin
g m
achi
nes,
ove
rhea
d pr
ojec
tual
s, a
nd s
ingl
eco
ncep
t film
s, s
uch
inst
ruct
ion
beco
mes
incr
easi
ngly
mor
eef
fect
ive.
How
ever
, as
the
curr
icul
um e
xpan
ds to
ref
lect
ingr
eate
r de
gree
the
adva
ncin
g te
chno
logy
, ind
ustr
ial a
rts
teac
h-er
s fi
nd it
mor
e di
ffic
ult t
o st
ay a
brea
st o
f al
l new
dev
elop
-m
ents
. Hen
ce, a
ttent
ion
is b
eing
dir
ecte
d to
war
d te
am te
ach-
ing,
whi
ch w
ill n
ot o
nly
incr
ease
teac
her
effi
cien
cy in
han
dlin
gdi
ffer
ent
grou
psof
pup
ils b
ut a
lso
perm
it ea
ch te
ache
r to
upgr
ade
and
mai
ntai
n hi
s te
chni
cal u
nder
stan
ding
and
ski
llsan
d hi
s pr
ofes
sion
al e
duca
tion
com
pete
ncie
s.T
wo
othe
r in
stru
ctio
nal p
ract
ices
whi
chm
ay a
ffec
t pla
n-ni
ng a
re r
esea
rch
and
expe
rim
enta
tion
and
mas
s or
line
prod
uctio
n.R
esea
rch
and
expe
rim
enta
tion
invo
lves
the
mor
e ad
vanc
edpu
pils
in p
robl
em-s
olvi
ng a
ctiv
ities
whi
ch ty
pify
thos
e co
n-fr
ontin
g sc
ient
ists
and
eng
inee
rs in
indu
stry
. The
pro
blem
s,
whi
ch a
re u
sual
ly c
ente
red
in in
dust
rial
mat
eria
ls o
rpr
oces
ses,
are
solv
ed b
y us
ing
the
scie
ntif
ic m
etho
d of
inqu
iry.
Exp
eri-
men
tal a
ppar
atus
is u
sed
or d
evis
ed to
arr
ive
ator
test
sol
u-tio
ns to
the
prob
lem
s. I
f sc
ienc
e la
bora
tori
esar
e ne
ar th
ein
dust
rial
art
s la
bora
tori
es, t
he n
eed
for
som
e sp
ecia
l fac
ilitie
sw
ill b
e m
inim
ized
.M
ass
or li
ne p
rodu
ctio
n, w
hich
invo
lves
the
pupi
ls in
man
u-fa
ctur
ing
a pr
oduc
t in
quan
tity
for
a ch
arita
ble
orga
niza
tion,
for
sale
, or
for
them
selv
es, i
son
e of
the
mos
t eff
ectiv
e m
eans
by w
hich
teac
hers
dev
elop
stu
dent
und
erst
andi
ng o
f th
e fu
nc-
tions
of
prod
uctio
n in
dust
ries
. Suc
h ex
peri
ence
s re
ach
pupi
lsof
all
leve
ls o
f ap
titud
e an
din
tere
st, f
rom
the
low
est t
o th
ehi
ghes
t, ea
ch f
indi
ng a
pla
ce in
whi
ch h
e ca
n pa
rtic
ipat
e su
c-ce
ssfu
lly. A
ny in
dust
rial
art
s fa
cilit
ym
aybe
use
d in
this
met
hod;
how
ever
, in
orde
r to
sim
ulat
e a
prod
uctio
n lin
e, it
isof
ten
nece
ssar
y to
mov
e an
d re
arra
nge
equi
pmen
t.T
he p
lann
ing
of in
dust
rial
art
s fa
cilit
ies
can
be c
ompl
icat
edby
evo
lvin
g cu
rric
ulum
s, S
tate
and
loca
l det
erm
inan
ts, a
nd u
n-us
ual i
nstr
uctio
nal m
etho
ds.
Plan
ning
, the
refo
re, m
ust p
rovi
defo
r fl
exib
ility
and
ada
ptab
ility
to in
nova
tion
and
chan
ge.
Lear
ning
abo
ut th
e pr
inci
ples
and
pro
blem
s of
mas
s pr
oduc
tion.
CH
APT
ER
III
Plan
ning
the
Indu
stri
al A
rts
Prog
ram
The
Pla
nnin
g C
omm
ittee
rin
HE
PL
AN
NIN
G O
F IN
DU
STR
IAL
AR
TS
FAC
ILIT
IES
shou
ldin
-vo
lve
indi
vidu
als
and
grou
ps w
ho, b
ecau
se o
fth
eir
back
-gr
ound
and
exp
erie
nce,
can
mak
e va
luab
lesu
gges
tions
. Sim
i-la
rly,
by
utili
zing
all
avai
labl
e re
sour
ces
in th
eco
mm
unity
, asc
hool
will
not
onl
y m
eet c
omm
unity
nee
dsbu
t als
o ga
in th
esu
ppor
t and
con
fide
nce
of th
e pe
ople
in it
s bu
ildin
g pr
ogra
m.
The
fol
low
ing
indi
vidu
als
or g
roup
s ca
n si
gnif
ican
tlyco
ntri
b-
ute
to a
nd s
houl
d pa
rtic
ipat
e on
the
plan
ning
com
mitt
ee o
ras
sist
as
cons
ulta
nts
or r
esou
rce
pers
ons:
* T
he in
dust
rial
art
s te
achi
ng s
taff
who
unde
rsta
nds
the
curr
icul
um, t
he o
bjec
tives
to b
e ac
hiev
ed, t
he m
etho
dsto
be
used
, the
kin
ds o
fac
tiviti
es to
be
unde
rtak
en,
the
orga
niza
tion
and
man
agem
ent o
f th
e pr
ogra
m,
and
the
rela
tions
hip
of th
e pr
ogra
m to
the
com
mun
ityan
d its
nee
ds.
* L
ocal
sch
ool a
dmin
istr
ator
s w
ho a
re c
once
rned
for
the
over
all e
duca
tiona
l pro
gram
, the
goa
ls o
f th
esc
hool
,
and
the
rela
tions
hips
bet
wee
n al
l sub
ject
fie
lds.
* L
ocal
sch
ool b
oard
mem
bers
who
are
aw
are
of th
elo
ng-r
ange
nee
ds o
f th
e co
mm
unity
, the
fin
anci
al a
r-ra
ngem
ents
to b
e m
ade,
and
the
attit
ude
of th
e co
m-
mun
ity to
war
d th
e bu
ildin
g pr
ogra
m.
* L
ocal
or
Stat
e su
perv
isor
s of
indu
stri
al a
rts
who
hav
eta
ught
and
who
kno
w th
e ty
pes
of f
acili
ties
arou
ndth
eSt
ate
whi
ch m
eet t
he o
bjec
tives
of
the
indu
stri
al a
rts.
* R
epre
sent
ativ
es f
rom
the
Stat
e de
part
men
t on
scho
ol
plan
ts a
nd f
acili
ties
who
kno
w th
e St
ate'
sre
gula
tions
arch
itect
ural
, leg
al, a
nd e
duca
tiona
land
hav
e w
ide
expe
rien
ce w
ith s
choo
l bui
ldin
g pr
oble
ms,
nee
ds, a
ndpo
ssib
ilitie
s.
* R
epre
sent
ativ
es f
rom
equ
ipm
ent m
anuf
actu
rers
who
unde
rsta
nd r
equi
rem
ents
and
spe
cifi
catio
ns o
fpl
ans,
who
can
adv
ise
on a
vaila
bilit
y an
d de
liver
y of
nec
essa
ryeq
uipm
ent.
* O
utst
andi
ng p
upils
who
may
hav
e us
edla
bora
tory
faci
litie
s an
d ar
e aw
are
of n
eeds
that
enc
oura
gepu
pils
to s
triv
e to
mee
t pro
gram
obje
ctiv
es.
* A
bui
ldin
g en
gine
er w
ho u
nder
stan
ds h
eatin
g,lig
htin
g,ve
ntila
tion,
plu
mbi
ng, a
nd o
ther
fac
ilitie
s th
atm
ake
the
build
ing
safe
and
fun
ctio
nal.
* A
pro
fess
iona
l arc
hite
ct w
ho h
as th
eim
agin
atio
n an
dsk
ill to
inco
rpor
ate
the
idea
s of
oth
ers
into
the
desi
gn
for
an a
ttrac
tive
and
func
tiona
l bui
ldin
g or
faci
litie
s
whi
ch w
ill n
ot o
nly
mee
t the
edu
catio
nal n
eeds
of
the
com
mun
ity to
day
but a
lso
refl
ect i
ts a
spir
atio
nsfo
r
the
futu
re.
Plan
ning
Pro
cedu
res
Aft
er a
pla
nnin
g co
mm
ittee
has
bee
n ap
poin
ted,
usu
ally
by
the
loca
l sch
ool a
dmin
istr
ator
s, p
roce
dura
l arr
ange
men
ts a
re 13
esta
blis
hed
and
targ
et d
ates
ass
igne
d fo
r co
mpl
etio
n of
the
follo
win
g pl
anni
ng s
tage
s:
1.Se
curi
ng a
nd r
evie
win
g lit
erat
ure
on th
e in
dust
rial
arts
pro
gram
in e
lem
enta
ry a
nd s
econ
dary
sch
ools
feat
urin
g m
ater
ials
on
plan
ning
.
2. R
evie
win
g pe
rtin
ent d
ata
from
com
plet
ed lo
ng-r
ange
scho
ol a
nd c
omm
unity
sur
veys
, suc
h as
pop
ulat
ion
chan
ges,
com
mun
ity c
hara
cter
istic
s, a
ppar
ent i
nter
est
in in
dust
rial
art
s, a
nd s
tatu
s of
fac
ilitie
s.
3.V
isiti
ng n
ew o
r re
mod
eled
sch
ools
in c
ompa
rabl
eco
mm
uniti
es h
avin
g ne
w f
acili
ties
for
indu
stri
al a
rts
to c
olle
ct r
elia
ble
data
but
not
nec
essa
rily
to c
opy
plan
s.
4. S
umm
ariz
ing
the
data
col
lect
ed a
nd d
ecid
ing
onsp
ecif
ic f
acili
ties
to m
eet t
he n
eeds
for
the
indu
stri
alar
ts in
stru
ctio
nal p
rogr
am.
5.Pr
epar
ing
the
educ
atio
nal s
peci
fica
tions
for
app
rova
lof
the
adm
inis
trat
ors
and/
or th
e sc
hool
boa
rd, a
ndfo
r su
bmis
sion
to th
e ar
chite
ct.
The
pre
para
tion
of e
duca
tiona
l spe
cifi
catio
ns is
per
haps
the
mos
t im
port
ant f
unct
ion
of th
e pl
anni
ng c
omm
ittee
. The
sesp
ecif
icat
ions
con
vey
to th
e ad
min
istr
ator
and
the
arch
itect
wha
t sho
uld
be s
peci
fica
lly c
onsi
dere
d in
pla
nnin
g th
e de
part
-m
ent a
nd it
s fa
cilit
ies.
The
y sh
ould
be
wri
tten
and
pres
ente
din
suc
h a
man
ner
as to
leav
e lit
tle o
r no
dou
bt a
bout
wha
t is
expe
cted
. Flo
or p
lans
and
ske
tche
s or
oth
er il
lust
ratio
ns o
fsp
ecia
l fac
ilitie
s m
ay a
lso
be p
rovi
ded.
Edu
catio
nal s
peci
fica
tions
for
the
indu
stri
al a
rts
depa
rtm
ent
shou
ld in
clud
e:(1
)th
e ph
iloso
phy
and
obje
ctiv
es o
f th
esc
hool
and
pro
gram
; (2)
the
num
ber
and
char
acte
rist
ics
ofth
e pu
pils
to b
e se
rved
; (3)
the
prog
ram
of
stud
ies,
incl
udin
gco
urse
s to
be
offe
red,
teac
hing
met
hods
, and
mat
eria
ls; (
4)fa
cilit
ies
and
serv
ices
nee
ded,
suc
h as
sto
rage
, pla
nnin
gar
ea,
pow
er a
nd li
ghtin
g, v
entil
atio
n an
d fu
me
exha
usts
, the
rmal
14
and
air
cond
ition
ing,
flo
ors
and
floo
r co
veri
ngs,
plu
mbi
ng f
orai
r, g
as, w
ater
, and
dra
ins;
and
sou
nd a
nd c
olor
con
ditio
ning
;(5
) sp
ace
requ
irem
ents
and
flo
or p
lans
; and
(6)
equ
ipm
ent,
mat
eria
ls, a
nd s
uppl
ies.
The
sco
pe a
nd q
ualit
y of
thes
e sp
ecif
icat
ions
will
be
re-
flec
ted
in th
e de
sign
and
pla
ns p
repa
red
by th
e ar
chite
ct w
hom
ust h
ave
a cl
ear
pict
ure
of th
e to
tal p
rogr
am. I
t may
be
adva
ntag
eous
to h
ave
an a
rchi
tect
who
is u
nfam
iliar
with
mod
ern
indu
stri
al a
rts
prog
ram
s vi
sit a
nd o
bser
ve s
ome
clas
ses
so th
at h
e m
ay r
elat
e so
me
of th
e sp
ecif
icat
ions
to a
ctua
l pra
c-tic
e. T
his
will
not
onl
y im
prov
e hi
s un
ders
tand
ing
of th
epr
ogra
m b
ut m
ay a
lso
sugg
est o
ther
pos
sibi
litie
s fo
r us
ing
spac
e, d
esig
ning
fac
ilitie
s th
at f
it sp
ecif
ic n
eeds
, and
pla
cing
equi
pmen
t.C
oope
ratio
n be
twee
n th
e pl
anni
ng c
omm
ittee
, the
arc
hite
ct,
the
adm
inis
trat
or, a
nd th
e co
mm
unity
is e
ssen
tial t
o th
e su
c-ce
ssfu
l im
plem
enta
tion
of b
uild
ing
or r
emod
elin
g pl
ans.
The
arch
itect
's in
terp
reta
tions
of
the
need
s in
dica
ted
in th
e ed
uca-
tiona
l spe
cifi
catio
ns s
houl
d be
rev
iew
ed b
y th
e su
peri
nten
dent
,th
e pl
anni
ng c
omm
ittee
, and
sch
ool b
oard
. The
ori
gina
l pla
nsm
ay h
ave
to b
e ch
ange
d to
mee
t fin
anci
al li
mita
tions
; to
adap
t the
fac
ilitie
s to
a m
ore
favo
rabl
e lo
catio
n; to
adj
ust t
oth
e de
man
ds o
f ot
her
depa
rtm
ents
; or,
in th
e ca
se o
f re
-m
odel
ed f
acili
ties,
to o
verc
ome
obst
acle
s no
t pre
viou
sly
en-
visi
oned
. How
ever
, the
pla
nnin
g co
mm
ittee
sho
uld
be g
iven
an o
ppor
tuni
ty to
hel
p de
term
ine
whi
ch a
djus
tmen
ts c
an b
em
ade.
Cre
ativ
e ar
chite
cts
will
be
aler
t to
poss
ible
mea
ns o
fm
eetin
g re
quir
emen
ts w
ith th
e fu
nds
avai
labl
e.T
he r
ole
of th
e pl
anni
ng c
omm
ittee
doe
s no
t end
with
the
appr
oval
of
the
build
ing
plan
s. T
he c
omm
ittee
mus
t dev
elop
scal
ed f
loor
pla
ns; l
ocat
e al
l equ
ipm
ent a
nd s
afe
wor
king
area
s to
pro
vide
for
the
flow
of
mat
eria
ls a
nd th
e sa
fety
of
teac
hers
and
pup
ils, a
nd lo
cate
spe
cial
fac
ilitie
s su
ch a
s fl
oor
drai
ns, h
oods
, ser
vice
s, v
entil
atio
n, a
nd e
xhau
sts.
It m
ust b
ere
ady
to p
rovi
de in
form
atio
n or
app
rova
l nee
ded
by th
e ar
chi-
tect
as
the
build
ing
is c
onst
ruct
ed. L
ast-
min
ute
chan
ges
re-
sulti
ng f
rom
man
ufac
turi
ngde
lays
or
canc
ella
tions
may
cal
l
for
cons
ulta
tive
actio
n. W
here
pos
sibl
eth
e co
mm
ittee
sho
uld
obse
rve
the
build
ing
at v
ario
us s
tage
sof
con
stru
ctio
n an
d ca
ll
the
arch
itect
's a
ttent
ion
to a
ny d
iscr
epan
cies
or c
hang
esfr
om
the
spec
ific
atio
ns. F
inal
ly,
afte
r th
e bu
ildin
g ha
s be
en c
om-
plet
ed a
nd r
eadi
edfo
r oc
cupa
ncy,
the
com
mitt
eesh
ould
eval
uate
the
faci
litie
s w
ithre
fere
nce
to it
s pl
anni
ng, t
he d
e-si
gn, a
nd th
eco
nstr
uctio
n.
Pupi
ls a
ndO
ther
Gro
ups
Usi
ng th
e Fa
cilit
iesl
A w
ide
rang
e of
indi
vidu
als
and
grou
ps m
ay b
e se
rved
by
the
indu
stri
al a
rts
prog
ram
. The
pot
entia
l gro
ups,
toge
ther
with
thei
r ch
arac
teri
stic
s an
d ne
eds,
shou
ld b
e co
nsid
ered
inso
far
as p
ossi
ble
whe
n pl
anni
ng a
nd e
quip
ping
the
depa
rt-
men
t.E
lem
enta
ry S
choo
l Pup
ils.I
nco
mm
uniti
es w
here
indu
stri
al
arts
is in
clud
ed in
the
elem
enta
ry s
choo
ls,
pupi
ls a
re ta
ught
toun
ders
tand
the
man
mad
e en
viro
nmen
t thr
ough
indu
stri
al a
rts
activ
ities
in w
hich
they
mod
ify
mat
eria
ls to
incr
ease
thei
rva
lue
in m
eetin
g hu
man
nee
ds. C
onsu
ltant
sfr
om e
ither
the
juni
or o
r se
nior
hig
h sc
hool
, or
supe
rvis
ors,
may
assi
st th
eel
emen
tary
sch
ool t
each
ers
in p
lann
ing,
dev
elop
ing,
and
en-
rich
ing
units
or
activ
ities
whi
ch c
an h
elp
to d
evel
op th
epu
pils
' und
erst
andi
ngan
d ap
prec
iatio
n of
our
indu
stri
al
soci
ety.
Whe
ther
the
faci
litie
s pr
ovid
ed f
or in
dust
rial
art
s ar
e pa
rtof
the
regu
lar
clas
sroo
m o
r se
para
te, t
he p
hysi
cal,
emot
iona
l,an
d in
telle
ctua
l cha
ract
eris
tics
of th
e ch
ildre
n m
ust
be c
on-
side
red.
Fle
xibi
lity
in th
e ar
rang
emen
t of
equi
pmen
tad
d
spac
e; s
tora
gefo
r eq
uipm
ent,
tool
s, m
ater
ials
, and
pup
ils'
wor
k; a
nd e
quip
men
t sca
led
to th
e ph
ysic
allim
itatio
ns o
f th
e
pupi
ls a
re e
ssen
tial.
Han
d-ey
e co
ordi
natio
n, a
tth
is le
vel p
ar-
Ada
pted
fro
m J
ames
L. T
aylo
r an
d Jo
hnie
Chr
istia
n, P
lann
ing
Func
tiona
l Fac
ilitie
s fo
r H
ome
Eco
nom
ics
Edu
catio
n. W
ashi
ngto
n:U
.S. G
over
nmen
t Pri
ntin
g O
ffic
e, 1
965,
pp.
12-
16.
ticul
arly
, sho
uld
also
infl
uenc
e th
e se
lect
ion
of e
quip
men
tan
d
tool
s. T
he f
ollo
win
g sh
ould
be
cons
ider
ed c
aref
ully
.
* E
lem
enta
ry s
choo
l too
l pan
els,
sto
rage
are
as (
cabi
nets
and
draw
ers)
and
wor
k su
rfac
es (
benc
hes)
shou
ld b
e
desi
gned
for
eas
y ac
cess
and
for
the
heig
ht o
f th
epu
pils
usi
ng th
em.
* Po
rtab
le to
ol p
anel
s sh
ould
be
econ
omic
al, a
ttrac
tive,
stur
dy a
nd c
onse
rve
clas
sroo
m s
pace
.
* Sh
arp-
edge
d to
ols
shou
ld b
e ar
rang
ed in
tool
hold
ers
whi
ch e
nclo
se th
e cu
tting
edg
e.*
Col
or c
odin
g of
tool
s is
rec
omm
ende
d.
Juni
or H
igh
Scho
ol P
upils
.In
man
yco
mm
uniti
es th
e
juni
or h
igh
scho
ol r
epre
sent
sth
e le
vel a
t whi
ch m
ost b
oys
take
indu
stri
al a
rts.
(O
ften
gir
ls a
real
so e
nrol
led
for
shor
t
units
or
cour
ses.
) Fo
r m
any
boys
this
will
be
the
only
opp
or-
tuni
ty th
ey w
ill h
ave
tota
ke in
dust
rial
art
s; th
eref
ore,
faci
li-
ties
shou
ld b
e pr
ovid
ed a
t thi
sle
vel f
or te
achi
ng a
wid
eva
riet
y of
cou
rses
. Som
ech
arac
teri
stic
s of
this
age
gro
up th
atw
ill in
flue
nce
spac
e an
d eq
uipm
ent r
equi
rem
ents
are
:
*Ju
nior
hig
h sc
hool
you
ths
vary
a g
reat
deal
in h
eigh
t;an
d so
me
vari
atio
n in
hei
ght
of s
uch
equi
pmen
t as
benc
hes,
sto
rage
rac
ks,
and
tool
cab
inet
s sh
ould
be
prov
ided
.*
Juni
or h
igh
scho
ol p
upils
, par
ticul
arly
in th
e se
vent
han
d ei
ghth
gra
des,
are
usu
ally
ver
y en
erge
tic,
like
to
expe
rim
ent,
and
pref
er la
bora
tory
exp
erie
nces
to o
b-se
rvat
ions
of
othe
rs a
t wor
k. S
ince
they
find
it d
iffi
cult
to c
once
ntra
te d
urin
g lo
ngdi
scus
sion
per
iods
, equ
ip-
men
t sho
uld
be p
lann
edfo
r fu
ll pa
rtic
ipat
ion
of th
eto
tal g
roup
in a
ll la
bora
tory
wor
k.*
Pupi
ls o
f th
is a
ge g
roup
mov
eab
out f
reel
y, a
nd th
eir
activ
ities
are
mor
e ea
sily
sup
ervi
sed
and
regu
late
dif
cond
ition
s ar
e sp
acio
us r
athe
r th
ancr
owde
d.
15
* T
heir
inte
rest
in a
nd n
atur
al d
esir
e fo
r m
echa
nica
lex
pres
sion
and
for
fin
ding
out
abo
ut th
e w
orld
into
whi
ch th
ey a
re b
eing
indu
cted
req
uire
a w
ide
vari
ety
of e
quip
men
t and
act
iviti
es.
Seni
or H
igh
Scho
ol P
upils
.The
se p
upils
are
app
roac
hing
adul
thoo
d an
d ta
ke in
dust
rial
art
s be
caus
e of
thei
r in
tere
st in
gain
ing
addi
tiona
l inf
orm
atio
n an
d ex
peri
ence
in o
ne o
r m
ore
spec
ific
sub
ject
are
as o
r be
caus
e of
cho
osin
g a
prof
essi
on to
purs
uela
ter
in g
reat
er d
epth
for
em
ploy
men
t. So
me
char
ac-
teri
stic
s of
this
age
gro
up a
re:
*A
lthou
gh th
ey a
re in
tere
sted
in a
bstr
act t
hink
ing
and
can
conc
entr
ate
on a
pro
blem
for
a lo
nger
per
iod
oftim
e th
an b
efor
e, th
ey s
till e
njoy
act
ivity
. Spa
ce a
ndeq
uipm
ent a
re n
eede
d th
at w
ill e
ncou
rage
them
tote
st th
eir
idea
s an
d de
velo
p th
eir
judg
men
t.
*T
hey
are
conc
erne
d w
ith p
erso
nal a
ppea
ranc
e, f
rien
d-sh
ips,
fut
ure
care
ers,
and
oth
er p
erso
nal p
robl
ems.
Mat
eria
ls a
nd e
quip
men
t to
mee
t the
se n
eeds
are
esse
ntia
l.
*T
hey
are
appr
oach
ing
adul
t lev
els
in p
hysi
cal a
ndm
enta
l gro
wth
. Whi
le th
eir
beha
vior
may
not
alw
ays
be a
dult-
like,
they
exp
ect
resp
onse
s, o
ppor
tuni
ties,
and
free
dom
that
wou
ld b
e ac
cord
ed a
dults
. Tea
chin
gfa
cilit
ies
and
activ
ities
sho
uld
prov
ide
for
inde
pend
ent
as w
ell a
s gr
oup
part
icip
atio
n w
here
mat
ure
judg
men
tsca
n be
dev
elop
ed.
Indu
stri
al A
rts
Clu
b.Y
outh
org
aniz
atio
ns a
re p
layi
ng a
nin
crea
sing
ly im
port
ant r
ole
in a
ll ph
ases
of
educ
atio
n. I
ndus
-tr
ial a
rts
club
s, p
rom
oted
eith
er lo
cally
or
by o
ne o
f th
ena
tiona
l ass
ocia
tions
, are
bec
omin
g an
inte
gral
part
of
the
prog
ram
and
shou
ld b
e co
nsid
ered
in p
lann
ing.
Som
e of
thei
rne
eds
are:
16
*Sp
ace
for
gene
ral m
eetin
gs a
nd f
or s
mal
l gro
up d
is-
cuss
ions
and
act
iviti
es. T
he la
bora
tory
pla
nnin
g ce
nter
may
be u
sed
for
the
latte
r.*
Spac
e fo
r of
fice
rs a
nd a
dvis
ers
to p
lan
activ
ities
and
prog
ram
s.T
he p
lann
ing
cent
erm
aybe
use
d fo
r th
ispu
rpos
e as
wel
l.
*St
orag
e sp
ace
for
activ
ities
or
proj
ects
in w
hich
the
mem
bers
are
invo
lved
, clu
b re
cord
s, o
ld p
arap
hern
alia
,an
d di
spla
ys.
Han
dica
pped
Pup
ils.S
peci
al f
acili
ties
are
usua
lly r
equi
red
to p
erm
it th
ese
pupi
ls to
par
ticip
ate
alon
g w
ith th
eir
clas
s-m
ates
. Por
tabl
e an
d/or
adj
usta
ble
equi
pmen
t sho
uld
be c
on-
side
red
with
add
ed e
mph
asis
upon
saf
ety
fact
ors.
The
reso
urce
ful t
each
er c
an m
ake
the
nece
ssar
y ad
just
men
ts to
mee
t spe
cifi
c ne
eds
or c
an r
ecog
nize
alte
rnat
ives
, par
ticul
arly
whe
re h
azar
ds a
re p
rese
nt o
r im
min
ent.
Adu
lts a
nd O
ut-o
f-Sc
hool
You
th.T
he u
se o
f sc
hool
bui
ld-
ings
as
com
mun
ity c
ente
rs a
fter
sch
ool h
ours
is a
com
mon
prac
tice.
The
indu
stri
al a
rts
depa
rtm
ent
may
be u
sed
in th
eev
enin
g by
out
-of-
scho
ol y
outh
s an
d ad
ults
to im
prov
e th
eir
recr
eatio
nal o
r ho
bby
skill
s, le
arn
sim
ple
serv
icin
g te
chni
ques
for
mai
ntai
ning
or
repa
irin
g pr
oduc
ts in
and
aro
und
the
hom
e, o
r, in
som
e in
stan
ces,
dev
elop
cer
tain
ski
lls u
sefu
l in
thei
r em
ploy
men
t, al
thou
gh th
is is
not
the
inte
nt o
f th
epr
o-gr
am. P
lann
ing
for
such
use
s re
quir
es c
aref
ul c
onsi
dera
tion
ofen
tran
ces
and
exits
whi
ch c
an b
e us
ed a
nd c
ontr
olle
d w
ithou
tac
cess
to o
ther
par
ts o
f th
e bu
ildin
g; a
dditi
onal
and
/or
sepa
-ra
te s
tora
ge f
acili
ties
for
the
prod
ucts
or
activ
ities
of
the
even
ing
prog
ram
, par
ticul
arly
if d
iffe
rent
inst
ruct
ors
are
em-
ploy
ed; t
oile
t fac
ilitie
s fo
r bo
th m
en a
nd w
omen
with
in o
rne
ar th
e la
bora
tory
; mob
ility
of
equi
pmen
t to
mee
t the
nee
dsof
the
activ
ities
; and
loca
lized
ligh
ting
for
clos
e w
ork.
CH
APT
ER
IV
Spac
e an
d Fa
cilit
ies
Nee
ded
FUN
CT
ION
AL
LY
PL
AN
NE
D S
PAC
E A
ND
FA
CIL
ITIE
S FO
R I
ND
US-
TR
IAL
AR
TS
not o
nly
assi
stth
e in
stru
ctor
in im
plem
entin
ghi
s pr
ogra
m b
ut a
lso
mot
ivat
e th
e pu
pils
by
prov
idin
g an
envi
ronm
ent a
nd a
tmos
pher
e th
at e
ncou
rage
lear
ning
.H
owav
aila
ble
spac
eis
utili
zed
cont
ribu
tes
to th
e ed
ucat
iona
lus
eful
ness
of
the
faci
litie
s.O
ne o
f th
e m
ost p
ress
ing
prob
lem
s fa
ced
by p
lann
ers
ofin
dust
rial
art
s fa
cilit
ies
is th
e pr
ovis
ion
for
flex
ibili
ty.
The
evol
ving
cur
ricu
lum
; ins
truc
tiona
l pra
ctic
es a
nd e
mph
ases
for
diff
eren
t gra
de a
nd a
bilit
y le
vels
; tec
hnol
ogic
al c
hang
esin
mat
eria
ls, p
roce
sses
, and
equ
ipm
ent;
fluc
tuat
ions
in e
nrol
l-m
ent;
need
s of
spe
cial
gro
ups
to b
e se
rved
;an
d in
crea
sed
utili
zatio
n of
the
faci
litie
s ar
e so
me
of th
e im
port
ant c
onsi
d-er
atio
ns. T
he p
rovi
sion
of
faci
litie
s an
d sp
ace
that
can
be
adju
sted
, rea
rran
ged,
and
alte
red
as th
e ne
ed a
rise
s is
the
key
to f
lexi
bilit
y. T
he m
any
sugg
estio
ns in
cha
pter
III
pro
vide
plan
ners
with
som
e di
rect
ion
in d
esig
ning
for
this
goa
l.Sp
ace
for
indu
stri
al a
rts
educ
atio
n is
usu
ally
of
two
type
sm
ain
labo
rato
ry s
pace
and
aux
iliar
y sp
ace.
The
mai
n la
bora
tory
spa
ce is
the
open
are
a de
sign
ed to
hous
e th
e pr
inci
pal e
quip
men
t. It
is o
f su
ffic
ient
siz
e to
ac-
com
mod
ate
the
need
s of
all
the
stud
ents
in th
e cl
ass.
Aux
iliar
y sp
ace
is a
ny a
dditi
onal
are
a de
sign
ed to
sup
ple-
men
t and
incr
ease
the
effe
ctiv
enes
s of
the
mai
nla
bora
tory
spac
e, s
uch
as th
e de
part
men
tal l
ibra
ry a
ndpl
anni
ng a
rea,
the
teac
her's
off
ice,
sto
rage
spa
ce, f
inis
hing
roo
m, a
nd d
ark-
room
. Som
etim
es th
e sp
aces
usu
ally
desi
gnat
ed a
s au
xilia
rysp
ace
are
desi
gned
as
an in
tegr
al p
art o
f th
e m
ain
labo
rato
ry
spac
e. T
he p
lann
ing
area
and
teac
her's
off
ice
are
ofte
n fo
und
in th
is w
ay. W
heth
er o
r no
t the
mai
n la
bora
tory
arr
ange
men
tan
d th
e au
xilia
ry s
pace
s ar
e co
mbi
ned
is a
mat
ter
of in
di-
vidu
al c
hoic
e, b
ut th
e fu
nctio
ns e
ach
perf
orm
s ar
eim
port
ant
to th
e sm
ooth
ope
ratio
n of
the
depa
rtm
ent a
nd s
houl
d be
cons
ider
ed. V
ario
us ty
pes
of s
pace
are
dis
cuss
ed b
elow
.
Lab
orat
orie
sN
umbe
r an
d T
ypes
.The
num
ber
and
type
s of
labo
rato
ries
whi
ch a
par
ticul
ar s
choo
l sho
uld
have
dep
end
upon
seve
ral
fact
ors,
suc
h as
the
scop
e of
the
indu
stri
al a
rts
curr
icul
um, t
hegr
ade
leve
ls, a
nd th
e sc
hool
enr
ollm
ent.
In a
stu
dyof
indu
s-tr
ial a
rts
educ
atio
n in
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es, S
chm
ittan
d Pe
lley
1re
port
ed th
at 7
3.9
perc
ent o
f al
l the
sch
ools
sam
pled
had
indu
stri
al a
rts
prog
ram
s, a
nd th
at th
e av
erag
e nu
mbe
rof
labo
rato
ries
ran
ged
from
1 in
sch
ools
with
enr
ollm
ents
up
to30
0 pu
pils
to 7
in s
choo
ls o
f 2,
500
or m
ore
pupi
ls.
Dat
a co
l-le
cted
at t
he ti
me
of th
e su
rvey
rev
eale
d th
at in
the
publ
icsc
hool
s 68
.5 p
erce
nt o
ffer
ed g
ener
al in
dust
rial
art
s;63
.2 p
er-
cent
, gen
eral
woo
ds; 6
3.9
perc
ent,
draf
ting;
41.
4 pe
rcen
t,ge
nera
l met
als;
17.
9 pe
rcen
t, el
ectr
icity
/ele
ctro
nics
;16
.2 p
er-
cent
, cra
fts;
12.
4 pe
rcen
t, gr
aphi
c ar
ts;
10.6
per
cent
, pow
erm
echa
nics
; and
5.1
per
cent
for
all
othe
r co
urse
s.T
he ty
pe o
f sc
hool
see
ms
to h
ave
an e
ffec
t on
the
type
ofin
dust
rial
art
s co
urse
s of
fere
d. F
or e
xam
ple,
82.
4 pe
rcen
tof
Mar
shal
l L. S
chm
itt a
nd A
lber
t L. P
ette
y, I
ndus
tria
l Art
sE
duca
-tio
n: A
Sur
vey
of P
rogr
ams,
Tea
cher
s, S
tude
nts,
and
Cur
ricu
lum
.W
ashi
ngto
n: U
.S. G
over
nmen
t Pri
ntin
g O
ffic
e, 1
966.
148
p.
.44.
4..4
4....
..c.4
1.10
1.0.
4444
03.4
,10.
1rA
9C64
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17
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18
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ME
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AR
Y
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ER
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TE
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IOR
JUN
IOR
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RO
R S
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HIG
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rilla
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or' -
med
ium
siz
e sc
hool
[WoodM
etal
Man
ufac
turin
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Con
stru
ctio
n
2 or
3 te
ache
rs
Indu
stria
l Art
sT
echn
olog
yC
orne
rC
lass
room
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ssro
om
Cor
ridor
smal
l siz
e sc
hool
I or
2 te
ache
rs
Fin
ishi
ng a
ndP
roje
ct S
tora
ge
Sto
rage
Dra
fting
and
Gra
phic
Com
mun
icat
ions
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er
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eria
lS
tora
ge
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rage
Mat
eria
Sto
rage
Pow
er M
echa
nics
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rage
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rafti
ngan
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raph
icC
omm
unic
atio
ns
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ridor
Ele
ctric
ity
Ele
ctro
nics
Oth
er
Gen
eral
Labo
rato
ry
Woo
dM
etal
Cra
fts
Pow
er M
echa
nics
Ele
ctric
ity/E
lect
roni
cs
Man
ufac
turin
g
Cor
ridor la
rge
size
sch
ool
Woo
d
Man
ufac
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onst
r.
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nnin
g
OR
1011
011f
tail 11
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11i0
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-rul
r.15
1111
3 to
6 te
ache
rs
Man
ufac
.C
onst
r.
IG
raph
ic C
omm
unic
atio
nsE
lect
ricity
Par
erM
echa
nics
Ele
ctro
nics
IlIIIs
Dra
win
gI
Gra
phic
Art
s
Pla
nnin
gj''
cln
Roo
ms
Dar
k$
e
sSto
rage
dDis
play
oOffi
ce
Cor
ridor
MO
=IM
M
Pla
nnin
gN
amin
gI
I
Indu
stria
l art
s pr
ogra
ms
and
faci
litie
s ch
ange
in r
elat
ion
to th
e si
ze a
nd ty
pe o
f sch
ool.
the
juni
or-s
enio
r hi
gh s
choo
lsof
fere
d ge
nera
l ind
ustr
ial a
rts,
whe
reas
50.
1 pe
rcen
t off
ered
it in
the
seni
or h
igh
scho
ol.
A
tota
l of
44.0
per
cent
of
the
juni
or h
igh
scho
ols
offe
red
draf
t-in
g, w
here
as 9
1.0
perc
ent o
f th
ese
nior
hig
h sc
hool
s of
fere
d it.
All
othe
r co
urse
s ex
cept
for
gene
ral i
ndus
tria
l art
s an
d cr
afts
,
wer
e of
fere
d m
ore
freq
uent
ly a
t the
sen
ior
high
than
at t
heju
nior
hig
h sc
hool
leve
l. T
he a
vera
gecl
ass
enro
llmen
t in
indu
s-
tria
l art
s w
as 1
9.3;
the
aver
age
num
ber
of c
lass
es ta
ught
in
all s
choo
ls w
as f
ive.
Thr
ee ty
pes
of in
dust
rial
art
sla
bora
tori
esco
mpr
ehen
sive
gene
ral,
gene
ral u
nit,
and
unita
refo
und
in s
choo
ls th
roug
h-
out t
he c
ount
ry. A
tth
e ju
nior
hig
h sc
hool
leve
l,w
here
abr
oad
orie
ntat
ion
to a
ll su
bjec
t are
asis
con
side
red
esse
ntia
l,
one
or m
ore
com
preh
ensi
ve g
ener
al la
bora
tori
es a
reus
ed,
depe
ndin
g up
on th
e to
tal s
choo
l enr
ollm
ent.
In a
sm
all s
choo
l,w
ith a
n en
rollm
ent u
p to
300
pup
ils, o
nesu
ch la
bora
tory
may
prov
ide
for
man
y su
bjec
t are
as a
t the
vari
ous
grad
e le
vels
;th
at is
, woo
ds, m
etal
s, p
ower
mec
hani
cs,e
lect
rici
ty/e
lect
roni
cs,
draf
ting,
and
gra
phic
art
s. I
n ve
ry s
mal
lsc
hool
s lo
cate
d in
rem
ote
area
s, m
obile
van
s or
tran
spor
tabl
e un
its e
quip
ped
with
indu
stri
al a
rts
faci
litie
s ar
e so
met
imes
used
. One
van
may
ser
ve s
ever
alsc
hool
s on
a r
egul
arly
sch
edul
ed b
asis
.In
a la
rger
sch
ool w
ith a
n en
rollm
ent u
p to
750,
two
or th
ree
com
preh
ensi
ve g
ener
al la
bora
tori
es m
ay b
eus
ed, e
ach
serv
ing
seve
ral r
elat
ed s
ubje
ct a
reas
at t
hedi
ffer
ent g
rade
leve
ls.
Dra
ftin
g as
a s
ubje
ct a
rea
is o
ften
incl
uded
with
any
or
all
com
bina
tions
of
subj
ect a
reas
In
scho
ols
with
ove
r75
0 pu
pils
enro
lled,
thre
e or
mar
e co
mpr
ehen
sive
gen
eral
indu
stri
al a
rts
labo
rato
ries
may
be
used
, with
inst
ruct
ion
limite
d to
not
mor
eth
an tw
o re
late
d su
bjec
t are
as; f
or e
xam
ple,
woo
ds a
nd m
etal
s,dr
aftin
g an
d gr
aphi
c ar
ts, p
ower
mec
hani
cs a
ndc:
ectr
icity
/el
ectr
onic
s. I
n sc
hool
s w
ith e
nrol
lmen
ts o
ver
1,50
0, p
upils
hav
e
Ele
ctric
ity/E
lect
roni
cs
Pow
er M
echa
nics
IIl
Mob
ile v
ans
or tr
ansp
orta
ble
units
brin
gin
dust
rial a
rts
to s
mal
ler,
isol
ated
sch
ools
.
19
oppo
rtun
ities
to s
elec
t ins
truc
tion
from
fou
r to
six
gen
eral
uni
tla
bora
tori
es, e
ach
prov
idin
g in
stru
ctio
n in
sev
eral
pha
ses
of a
sing
le in
dust
rial
art
s su
bjec
t are
a, s
uch
as g
ener
al w
oods
,ge
nera
l met
als,
gra
phic
art
s, e
lect
rici
ty/e
lect
roni
cs, o
r tr
ans-
port
atio
n.A
t the
hig
h sc
hool
leve
l, a
smal
l sch
ool m
ay h
ave
a co
mpr
e-he
nsiv
e ge
nera
l lab
orat
ory,
esp
ecia
lly w
here
no
juni
or h
igh
scho
ol p
rogr
am is
off
ered
. Mos
t if
not a
ll of
the
subj
ect a
reas
are
incl
uded
and
taug
ht a
t the
dif
fere
nt g
rade
leve
ls.
Thi
sty
pe o
f la
bora
tory
may
als
o be
use
d in
the
larg
er h
igh
scho
olto
ori
ent t
o th
e pr
ogra
m p
upils
who
hav
e ha
d no
pre
viou
sin
dust
rial
art
s in
stru
ctio
n. I
n sc
hool
s w
ith a
n en
rollm
ent o
f2,
000
pupi
ls, s
ever
al u
nit l
abor
ator
ies
may
be
prov
ided
espe
cial
ly a
t the
upp
er-g
rade
leve
ls, t
o he
lp p
upils
gai
n a
deep
er u
nder
stan
ding
of
the
subj
ect m
atte
r. C
omm
unity
need
s, h
owev
er, s
houl
d di
ctat
e th
e fe
asib
ility
of
incl
udin
gun
it-ty
pe f
acT
. tie
s in
the
high
sch
ool b
ecau
se o
f th
e co
sts.
The
pla
nner
sho
uld
be c
once
rned
with
two
aspe
cts
of la
b-or
ator
y ar
rang
emen
t: th
e ex
tern
al r
elat
ions
hip
betw
een
lab-
orat
orie
s, w
hene
ver
ther
ear
e se
vera
l, an
d th
ein
tern
alar
rang
emen
ts o
f fa
cilit
ies
and
equi
pmen
t req
uire
d by
the
subj
ect a
rea.
Ext
erna
l Arr
ange
men
t.Whe
n fa
cilit
ies
for
two
or m
ore
diff
eren
t sub
ject
are
as a
re p
lann
ed, t
he r
elat
ions
hips
bet
wee
nar
eas
mus
t be
care
fully
con
side
red
so th
at m
axim
um le
arni
ngan
d us
e of
fac
ilitie
s w
ill b
e as
sure
d. F
or e
xam
ple,
bec
ause
of
thei
r si
mila
rity
of
func
tions
, the
woo
ds, m
etal
s, a
nd c
onst
ruc-
tion
labo
rato
ries
may
sha
re s
tora
ge, f
inis
hing
, and
pla
nnin
gfa
cilit
ies.
Oth
er s
ubje
ct a
reas
whi
ch h
ave
man
y si
mila
r fu
nc-
tions
are
: ele
ctri
city
/ele
ctro
nics
and
pow
er m
echa
nics
; and
grap
hic
arts
, dra
ftin
g, a
nd p
lann
ing.
Ano
ther
adv
anta
ge o
far
rang
ing
labo
rato
ries
acc
ordi
ng to
thei
r fu
nctio
nal r
elat
ion-
ship
s is
the
grea
ter
flex
ibili
ty w
hich
may
be
achi
eved
.In
tern
al A
rran
gem
ent.A
rran
gem
ents
with
in a
labo
rato
ryde
pend
upo
n its
type
and
the
subj
ect a
rea
for
whi
ch e
quip
-
20
It
1Dep
adm
ent O
ffic
e2D
epar
tmen
t Sto
rage
3Woo
ds L
abor
ator
y4C
lass
room
5Lum
ber
Stor
age
6Fin
ishi
ng R
oom
7Pro
ject
Sto
rage
8Nig
ht C
lass
(A
dult)
Sto
rage
9Sup
ply
Roo
m10
Plan
ning
Roo
m11
Cra
fts
(Ind
ustr
ial)
Lab
erat
ory
12Su
pply
Roo
m13
Plan
ning
Roo
m14
Nig
ht C
lass
(A
dult)
Sto
rage
15Pr
ojec
t Sto
rage
16E
lect
rici
ty/E
lect
roni
cs L
abor
ator
y17
Rad
io (
Am
ateu
r) T
rans
mitt
er R
oom
18Pr
ojec
t Sto
rage
19E
lect
roni
c T
est E
quip
men
t Sto
rage
20Su
pply
Roo
m21
Plan
ning
Roo
m22
Gra
phic
Art
s L
abor
ator
y23
Jani
tor
Roo
m24
Plan
ning
Roo
m25
Supp
ly R
oom
26Ph
oteg
raph
ic L
abor
ator
y27
Dar
k R
oom
28Pa
per
Stor
age
29M
etal
s L
abor
ator
y30
Fini
shin
g R
oom
31Pl
anni
ng R
oom
32Su
pply
Roo
m33
Met
al S
tora
ge34
Proj
ect S
tora
ge35
Nig
ht C
lass
(A
dult)
Sto
rage
36Po
wer
/Aut
omot
ive
Mec
hani
cs L
abor
ator
y37
Tea
chin
g A
id S
tora
ge38
Supp
ly R
oom
39Pl
anni
ng R
oom
40C
ar W
ash
41St
orag
e42
Gas
Met
er S
pace
Pro
per
labo
rato
ry a
rran
gem
ent r
educ
es tr
affic
flow
,en
cour
ages
cor
rela
ted
inst
ruct
ion,
and
con
serv
es s
pace
.
40 41
Driv
e
NM
I
74'
Driv
e
3. P
OW
ER
/AU
TO
MO
TIV
EM
EC
HA
NIC
S L
AB
OR
AT
OR
Y
!Tun
Et
12 Ttr
1
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40'
12'
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TA
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OO
DS
LAB
OR
AT
OR
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211'
Indu
stria
l Art
s D
epar
tmen
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ther
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bank
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ior
Hig
h S
choo
lS
acra
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alifo
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26 27 28 17 18 14
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eria
lS
tora
ge
Tea
cher
'sO
ffice
Dar
kR
oom
Pro
ject
Sto
rage
Gen
eral
Woo
dsG
ener
al M
etal
sM
anuf
actu
ring
Con
stru
ctio
nC
rafts
Dec
entr
aliz
edT
ool a
nd S
tora
geA
reas
Ele
ctric
ityE
lect
roni
csP
ower
Mec
hani
csO
ther
s
st°
lo.t
a
00C
,00(
0*
asttk
Indu
stria
l Art
s La
bora
tory
Moo
re C
ount
y A
rea
Ill H
igh
Sch
ool
Sou
ther
n P
ines
, Nor
th C
arol
ina
Man
y el
emen
ts a
nd th
eir
rela
tions
hips
shou
ld b
e, c
onsi
dere
d in
arr
angi
ng th
e lo
catio
nof
inst
ruct
iona
l are
as, r
egar
dles
s of
thei
r nu
mbe
r.
22
men
t and
fac
ilitie
s ha
ve b
een
prov
ided
.T
he r
equi
rem
ents
of
a co
mpr
ehen
sive
gen
eral
labo
rato
ry p
ose
man
ych
alle
nges
for
both
pla
nner
s an
d te
ache
rs. S
ubje
ct a
reas
and
thei
r in
stru
c-tio
nal a
reas
var
y w
idel
y. I
n so
me
scho
ols,
rel
ated
inst
ruct
iona
lac
tiviti
essu
ch a
s pl
anni
ng a
nd d
esig
n, r
esea
rch
and
deve
lop-
men
t, an
d fo
undr
y an
d fo
rge
or h
ot m
etal
activ
ities
are
arra
nged
in s
peci
fic
loca
tions
in th
e la
bora
tory
to r
educ
e un
-ne
cess
ary
traf
fic
flow
. With
in th
ese
loca
tions
are
foun
d ap
pro-
pria
te b
ench
es, s
tora
ge c
abin
ets,
tool
s, m
achi
nes,
mat
eria
ls,
refe
renc
e bo
oks,
pic
ture
s, c
hart
s, a
nd p
roje
ct d
ispl
ays.
Thi
sar
rang
emen
t, ca
lled
an in
stru
ctio
nal a
ctiv
ities
cen
ter,
can
, if
wel
l pla
nned
and
des
igne
d, p
rovi
de a
n at
mos
pher
e to
stim
u-la
te p
upils
to d
o hi
gh q
ualit
y w
ork.
The
fun
ctio
nal r
elat
ions
hips
bet
wee
n su
bjec
t are
as, a
s pr
e-vi
ousl
y di
scus
sed,
are
equ
ally
app
ropr
iate
with
in a
com
pre-
hens
ive
gene
ral l
abor
ator
y. G
roup
ing
the
subj
ect a
reas
of
woo
ds, m
etal
s, a
nd c
onst
ruct
ion
in o
ne s
ectio
n, f
or in
stan
ce;
pow
er m
echa
nics
and
ele
ctri
city
/ele
ctro
nics
in a
noth
er; a
ndpl
anni
ng, i
nclu
ding
dra
ftin
g an
d gr
aphi
c ar
ts, a
nd o
ther
auxi
liary
fac
ilitie
s in
stil
l ano
ther
not
onl
y ut
ilize
s th
e av
ail-
able
spa
ce m
ore
effi
cien
tly b
ut a
lso
redu
ces
to a
min
imum
the
dupl
icat
ion
of to
ols,
equ
ipm
ent,
and
mac
hine
s. I
n su
ch a
nar
rang
emen
t gro
up a
ctiv
ities
com
mon
to th
e su
bjec
t are
assu
ch a
s la
yout
, cut
ting,
sha
ping
, for
min
g, a
ssem
bly,
fin
ishi
ngor
pow
er g
ener
atio
n, u
tiliz
atio
n, a
nd d
istr
ibut
ionm
ay b
egr
oupe
d so
that
pup
ils m
ay s
ee th
e re
latio
nshi
ps a
nd th
uste
achi
ng b
ecom
es m
ore
unif
ied.
Whe
re tw
o or
mor
e co
mpr
e-he
nsiv
e ge
nera
l lab
orat
orie
s ar
e w
arra
nted
, the
fac
ilitie
s fo
rea
ch s
houl
d be
pla
nned
so
that
the
subj
ect a
rea
rela
tions
hips
are
reco
gniz
ed.
Equ
ipm
ent i
n th
e m
ain
labo
rato
ry is
arr
ange
d so
that
ther
ew
ill b
e a
natu
ral f
low
of
mat
eria
l fro
m o
ne o
pera
tion
orpr
oces
s to
ano
ther
. Ope
n sp
aces
and
ais
les
perm
it su
ch m
ove-
men
t fro
m th
e st
orag
e ar
ea, w
here
initi
al p
roce
ssin
g be
gins
,th
roug
h th
e va
riou
s fa
bric
atio
n st
ages
, to
whe
re a
pro
duct
is f
inis
hed.
Mac
hine
s ar
e ca
refu
lly g
roup
ed a
ccor
ding
to o
per-
atio
ns p
erfo
rmed
, with
suf
fici
ent s
pace
to p
rovi
de f
or m
axi-
mum
saf
ety
and
effi
cien
cy a
nd, i
n th
e ca
seof
woo
dwor
king
mac
hine
ry, t
o lo
caliz
e du
st a
nd c
hips
for
suc
tion
rem
oval
.L
athe
s ar
e be
st p
lace
d ne
ar a
win
dow
wal
l at s
uch
an a
ngle
and
in e
noug
h sp
ace
to p
erm
it th
e op
erat
or to
sta
nd a
nd to
wor
k w
ithou
t int
erfe
renc
e fr
om a
noth
er m
achi
ne o
r pu
pil.
Mac
hine
s w
hich
are
ope
rate
d fr
om o
nly
the
fron
tsuc
h as
grin
ders
, scr
oll s
aws,
and
dri
ll pr
esse
sor
from
the
side
, suc
has
a jo
inte
r, a
re c
omm
only
pla
ced
back
-to-
back
or
with
the
"dea
d" s
ide
next
to a
wal
l or
colu
mn
and
with
suf
fici
ent
clea
ranc
e on
the
"liv
e" s
ide
to p
erm
it un
ham
pere
d op
erat
ion.
Ben
ches
for
han
d op
erat
ions
, ass
embl
y, o
r po
rtab
le m
achi
neus
e ar
e gr
oupe
d an
d lo
cate
d ac
cord
ing
to f
unct
ions
.L
ocke
rbas
ety
pe b
ench
es, f
our-
stat
ion
and
two-
stat
ion,
with
hea
vy d
uty
tops
and
vis
es a
ppro
pria
te f
or th
e w
ork
to b
e do
ne a
re d
esir
-ab
le. S
mal
l cab
inet
-typ
e be
nche
s on
lock
able
cas
ters
are
fou
ndin
pow
er m
echa
nics
labo
rato
ries
for
dis
asse
mbl
y, a
ssem
bly,
and
test
ing
smal
l eng
ines
or
othe
r po
wer
par
ts o
r un
its. T
hey
allo
w f
lexi
bilit
y in
arr
angi
ng e
quip
men
t for
fun
ctio
nal u
se.
Low
, por
tabl
e, a
nd is
land
-typ
e to
ol s
tora
ge f
acili
ties
whi
chca
n be
use
d fr
om tw
o si
des,
the
top,
or
ends
are
str
ateg
ical
lylo
cate
d to
min
imiz
e tr
avel
. The
se c
an b
e re
loca
ted
as n
eede
d.R
elat
ed a
ctiv
ities
such
as
thos
e in
volv
ing
hot m
etal
s (w
eld-
ing,
fou
ndry
, hea
t tre
atm
ent,
and
forg
ing)
are
con
cent
rate
din
a c
orne
r aw
ay f
rom
the
plan
ning
are
a. M
achi
nes
for
thes
eac
tiviti
es a
re p
rovi
ded
with
a c
omm
on h
ood
and
larg
e ex
haus
tfa
n to
rem
ove
smok
e an
d fu
mes
. Sim
ilarl
y, s
mal
l eng
ines
, out
-bo
ards
, and
oth
er g
as-p
ower
ed p
rodu
cts
are
so lo
cate
d in
ala
bora
tory
that
fum
es a
re r
emov
ed w
ith a
for
ced
exha
ust a
ndno
ise
is le
ast d
istu
rbin
g. I
f la
rge
over
head
doo
rs a
re in
clud
edin
the
plan
ning
, the
equ
ipm
ent i
s ar
rang
ed to
per
mit
suff
icie
ntop
en s
pace
in f
ront
of
the
door
for
wha
teve
r fu
nctio
ns a
re to
be s
erve
dass
embl
ing
larg
e pr
ojec
ts, b
ring
ing
in la
rge
equi
p-m
ent o
r m
ater
ials
, or
serv
icin
g au
tom
obile
s.
23
The
mai
n la
bora
tory
arr
ange
men
t sho
uld
prov
ide
max
i-m
um v
isib
ility
for
the
inst
ruct
orin
all
area
s an
d fr
om a
nypo
sitio
n.M
any
teac
hers
hav
e pl
anne
d th
eir
labo
rato
ry a
rran
gem
ents
usin
g he
avy
card
tem
plat
es o
r sm
all m
odel
s of
equ
ipm
ent
avai
labl
e fr
om m
any
colle
ges
and
univ
ersi
ties
or f
rom
thei
rlo
cal S
tate
col
lege
. Thi
s pl
anni
ng w
as d
one
on a
sca
led
layo
utso
that
clo
se a
ppro
xim
atio
ns c
ould
be m
ade
for
the
serv
ices
to b
e pr
ovid
ed. T
he p
lann
ing
com
mitt
ee s
houl
dex
amin
e th
ela
yout
to a
scer
tain
that
fun
ctio
nal f
acili
ties
have
bee
n pr
o-vi
ded
befo
re p
lans
are
pre
pare
d fo
r lo
catin
g lig
htin
g, p
ower
,ga
s, a
ir, a
nd o
ther
ser
vice
s.A
ccor
ding
to a
vaila
ble
rese
arch
stu
dies
, mos
t lab
orat
orie
sus
e * Fo
ur-s
tatio
n, r
ecta
ngul
ar, 5
4 by
64
inch
es, l
ocke
r-ty
pew
oodw
orki
ng b
ench
es (
21/4
-inc
h ha
rd m
aple
top,
331
/4in
ches
hig
h, 4
vis
es)
are
mos
t des
irab
le.
* Si
ngle
-sta
tion,
rec
tang
ular
, 281
/2 b
y 64
inch
es, l
ocke
r-ty
pe b
ench
es (
24-i
nch
hard
map
le to
p, 3
31/4
inch
eshi
gh, w
ith m
achi
nist
vis
e or
woo
dwor
king
vis
e) a
rede
sira
ble.
Dep
artm
enta
l Lib
rary
and
Pla
nnin
g A
rea
Spac
e fo
r a
depa
rtm
enta
l lib
rary
and
pla
nnin
g ar
ea is
vita
lto
a f
unct
iona
l dep
artm
ent.
Such
spa
ce c
an a
lso
serv
e fo
rge
nera
l ass
embl
y an
d co
nfer
ence
s; f
or s
ketc
hing
, des
igni
ng,
draf
ting,
rea
ding
, res
earc
h, a
nd s
tudy
; or
for
usin
g pr
ojec
tuaL
san
d ot
her
inst
ruct
iona
l mat
eria
ls. A
ppro
xim
atel
y 60
0 sq
uare
feet
of
spac
e co
nven
ient
ly lo
cate
d ad
jace
nt to
the
labo
rato
ries
or w
ithin
the
labo
rato
ry it
self
was
pro
vide
d in
man
y of
the
scho
ols
visi
ted
by th
e au
thor
s. W
here
spa
ce is
enc
lose
d, g
lass
24
part
ition
s w
ere
prov
ided
so
that
the
teac
her
coul
d vi
sual
lysu
perv
ise
the
pupi
ls' a
ctiv
ities
with
out b
eing
in th
e ar
ea. T
hefo
llow
ing
spac
e an
d fa
cilit
ies
shou
ld b
e co
nsid
ered
:
* Pr
ovis
ions
for
cha
lkbo
ard,
tack
boar
d, a
nd o
verh
ead
orot
her
proj
ectu
als.
* R
eadi
ng a
nd/o
r dr
aftin
g ta
bles
and
cha
irs.
* St
orag
e sp
ace
for
draf
ting
equi
pmen
t and
sup
plie
s.
* B
ookc
ases
, mag
azin
e ra
cks,
car
d fi
les,
and
lega
l-si
zefi
ling
cabi
nets
.
* Sp
ace
for
dem
onst
ratio
n fa
cilit
ies.
* Sp
ace
for
inst
ruct
iona
l mat
eria
ls, t
each
ing
aids
, and
disp
lays
.
* Su
ffic
ient
spa
ce f
or m
ovem
ent o
f in
stru
ctor
or
pupi
lsw
ithou
t im
pedi
ng o
ne a
noth
er o
r bu
mpi
ng in
to e
quip
-m
ent.
* Pr
ovis
ions
for
sou
nd a
nd li
ght c
ontr
ol, v
entil
atio
n, o
rai
r co
nditi
onin
g.
* Pr
ovis
ions
for
ele
ctri
cal o
utle
ts f
or p
roje
ctor
s, r
ecor
ders
,te
levi
sion
, and
oth
er e
lect
roni
c ai
ds.
* Pr
ovis
ions
for
an
unin
terr
upte
d vi
ew o
f pu
pils
in a
llar
eas
of la
bora
tory
.
Res
earc
h st
udie
s sh
ow th
at th
e de
part
men
tal l
ibra
ry a
ndpl
anni
ng a
rea
shou
ld b
e co
mbi
ned
in a
spa
ce c
entr
ally
loca
ted
and
conv
enie
nt to
the
indu
stri
al a
rts
labo
rato
ry o
r in
an
adja
cent
roo
m, a
nd th
at c
halk
boar
ds (
4 by
6 o
r 4
by 8
fee
t)sh
ould
be
inst
alle
d in
the
teac
hing
cen
ter.
1
z4L;i'02.1)111
,e
9
4
1111
i-r91110
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IfiFaillk-
-Liotof
-/':4.1APoi
*0,A
1,,,moun
4-1
-41
0111
111k .//
-7;
I I
pico
ra E
1111
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1112
1
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calc
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Em
ma
121
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EM
EII
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Tii 11
1114
6._
III
l':'
r....
!_4
II
, 44
iii,
, 00
hi y
AU
Vrir
Cifi
litai
I I
I11
-.1
'd
.-..-
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AI-
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ite
jltr
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11 I
1 T
ii
tei m
owI
_
«WO
Pail-
FAR
FIA
LI
!In
-,41
r.t4
Stor
age
Spac
e
Lac
k of
ade
quat
e st
orag
e sp
ace
and
faci
litie
s in
indu
stri
alar
ts la
bora
tori
es w
as a
prob
lem
men
tione
d m
ost f
requ
ently
by th
e te
ache
rs d
urin
g th
e sc
hool
vis
its.
Func
tiona
l sto
rage
com
part
men
ts n
ot o
nly
prot
ect a
nd c
onse
rve
mat
eria
ls a
ndto
ols,
but
als
o he
lp p
upils
acq
uire
sys
tem
atic
habi
ts o
f pu
tting
item
s w
here
they
bel
ong
afte
r us
ing
them
.A
dequ
ate
stor
age
is n
eede
d fo
r to
ols
and
inst
rum
ents
, mat
eria
lsan
d su
pplie
s,pr
ojec
ts, p
upils
' per
sona
l bel
ongi
ngs,
and
inst
ruct
iona
lm
edia
and
supp
lies.
Too
ls a
nd I
nstr
umen
ts.S
ever
al m
etho
ds f
or s
tori
ngto
ols
are
foun
d, s
uch
as o
pen
wal
l too
l pan
el, c
lose
d w
all t
ool c
ase,
indi
vidu
al to
ol k
it, b
ench
, too
l roo
m, a
nd p
orta
ble
cart
s. I
nad
ditio
n to
per
sona
l pre
fere
nce,
fac
tors
whi
ch d
eter
min
e th
est
orag
e m
etho
d us
ed a
re c
onve
nien
ce a
ndac
cess
ibili
ty, e
ase
ofch
ecki
ng, s
ecur
ity o
f to
ols,
spe
cial
and
pre
cisi
on r
equi
rem
ents
,an
d co
sts.
The
fol
low
ing
spac
e re
quir
emen
ts a
nd c
onsi
dera
-tio
ns a
re s
ugge
sted
whe
n pl
anni
ng f
or to
ol s
tora
ge:
* Su
ffic
ient
wal
l spa
ce s
houl
d be
pro
vide
d on
all
side
s of
the
labo
rato
ry u
nint
erru
pted
by
win
dow
s, e
lect
rica
lou
tlets
, plu
mbi
ng, o
r ot
her
faci
litie
s. S
pace
may
be
used
ben
eath
hig
h w
indo
ws,
but
not
ben
eath
low
win
dow
s.
* C
entr
ally
loca
ted
spac
e sh
ould
be
avai
labl
e fo
r st
orag
eof
tool
s w
hich
are
use
d in
pro
cess
es p
erfo
rmed
in a
nypa
rt o
f th
e la
bora
tory
.
* L
ocal
ized
spa
ce s
houl
d be
pro
vide
d fo
r st
orag
e of
tool
s de
sign
ed f
or a
spe
cifi
c ph
ase
of a
sub
ject
are
aor
for
a m
achi
ne. W
here
fea
sibl
e, to
ols
and
acce
ssor
ies
for
a sp
ecif
ic m
achi
ne m
ay b
e st
ored
on
a pa
nel a
t-ta
ched
to th
e m
achi
ne.
* Sp
ace
imm
edia
tely
in f
ront
of
gene
ral t
ool s
tora
gear
eas
shou
ld b
e su
ffic
ient
ly la
rge
and
free
fro
m b
ench
es,
mac
hine
s, o
r ot
her
equi
pmen
t tha
t may
inte
rfer
e w
ithre
ady
acce
ss to
the
tool
s.
* Sp
ace
shou
ld b
e pr
ovid
ed f
or s
tora
ge o
f ha
nd p
ower
tool
s, e
ither
on
rack
s ne
ar w
ork
cent
ers
whe
re th
ey a
reus
ed f
requ
ently
or
in c
entr
ally
loca
ted
gene
ral t
ool
stor
age
area
s.
* St
orag
e sp
ace
that
is d
ust a
nd m
oist
ure-
free
as
wel
l as
lock
able
sho
uld
be a
vaila
ble
for
mic
rom
eter
s, v
erni
ers,
and
othe
r pr
ecis
ion
inst
rum
ents
.
* Sp
ace
is n
eede
d fo
r m
ovab
le, s
peci
al to
ols
and/
or in
-st
rum
ent c
arts
whe
re u
sed.
Dus
t, m
oist
ure,
and
tem
-pe
ratu
re c
ontr
ols
for
the
latte
r m
ay b
e re
quir
ed.
Mat
eria
ls a
nd S
uppl
ies.
Stor
age
spac
e fo
r m
ater
ials
and
supp
lies
vari
es w
ith th
e su
bjec
t are
as. S
ever
al ty
pes
of f
acili
-tie
s w
ere
used
in th
e sc
hool
s vi
site
d, in
clud
ing
sepa
rate
roo
ms,
cabi
nets
, rac
ks, b
ins,
she
lvin
g, d
raw
ers,
and
lock
ers.
A g
ener
alst
orag
e ro
om o
r ar
ea f
or th
e m
ater
ials
and
sup
plie
s of
all
the
subj
ect a
reas
in th
e de
part
men
t was
fou
nd m
ost e
ffec
tive
for
both
eas
e of
adm
inis
trat
ion
and
cont
rol.
Eco
nom
ies
resu
lting
from
long
-ran
ge a
nd q
uant
ity p
urch
ases
als
o m
ake
such
aro
om f
or s
tora
ge d
esir
able
. Mat
eria
ls a
ndsu
pplie
s w
hich
are
used
dai
ly a
re s
tore
d in
the
labo
rato
ry n
ear
the
area
whe
reth
ey a
re u
sed.
Bot
h ho
rizo
ntal
and
ver
tical
sto
rage
of
lum
ber
and
met
al w
as o
bser
ved.
Hor
izon
tal r
acks
occ
upy
mor
e fl
oor
spac
e bu
t kee
p lu
mbe
r fl
at, p
artic
ular
lypl
ywoo
d or
oth
ersh
eet m
ater
ials
. On
the
othe
r ha
nd, v
ertic
al r
acks
req
uire
less
floo
r sp
ace
but a
gre
ater
cei
ling
heig
ht. M
etal
s an
d pl
astic
s,bo
th s
heet
and
bar
, are
usu
ally
sto
red
vert
ical
ly f
or e
ase
ofha
ndlin
g. B
elow
are
sU
gges
tions
for
spa
ce a
nd f
acili
ties:
* Sp
ace
for
gene
ral s
tora
ge o
f m
ater
ials
and
sup
plie
s,pa
rtic
ular
ly lu
mbe
r an
d m
etal
, nea
r th
e de
liver
y en
-tr
ance
to r
educ
e th
e di
stan
ce b
ulky
mat
eria
ls m
ust b
em
oved
and
to k
eep
traf
fic
cong
estio
n at
a m
inim
um. 27
* Sp
ace
not l
ess
than
18
feet
long
, if
hori
zont
al s
tora
geof
lum
ber
is u
sed.
* Sp
ace
for
adju
stab
le s
helv
ing
for
coile
d an
d pa
ckag
edm
ater
ials
and
sup
plie
s.
* Sp
ace
for
cabi
nets
with
adj
usta
ble
shel
ving
and
/or
draw
ers
and
door
s fo
r sm
all a
nd m
ore
cost
ly s
uppl
ies,
and
for
extr
a to
ols
and
smal
l equ
ipm
ent.
* Sp
ace
for
met
al c
abin
et o
r ad
just
able
she
lvin
g fo
rfl
amm
able
mat
eria
ls a
nd o
ils.
* Sp
ace
for
pape
r st
ock
and
othe
r sh
eet m
ater
ials
.
* D
raw
er s
pace
for
ele
ctro
nic
supp
lies,
scr
ews,
nai
ls, a
ndha
rdw
are.
* L
ocal
ized
sto
rage
spa
ce f
or m
ater
ials
and
sup
plie
spe
culia
r to
a s
peci
fic
subj
ect a
rea,
suc
h as
ele
ctro
nic
expe
rim
ent p
anel
s.
* M
aste
r-ke
yed
lock
s fo
r st
orag
e ca
bine
ts a
nd lo
cker
s.
* Sp
ace
to p
erm
it ea
sy a
cces
s to
any
or
all s
tora
gefa
cilit
ies.
Proj
ects
.The
sto
rage
of
proj
ects
whi
ch a
re e
ither
in th
eva
riou
s st
ages
of
cons
truc
tion
or in
the
proc
ess
of f
inis
hing
crea
tes
a m
ajor
spa
ce p
robl
em in
the
labo
rato
ry. T
he n
umbe
rof
pup
ils, d
ay a
nd/o
r ev
enin
g, a
nd th
e ty
pe o
f pr
ojec
ts to
be m
ade
indi
cate
the
amou
nt a
nd k
ind
of s
pace
nee
ded.
Som
e sc
hool
s pr
ovid
e sp
ecia
l com
part
men
ts o
f su
bsta
ntia
lca
paci
ty f
or s
tora
ge o
f un
fini
shed
pro
ject
s, a
djus
tabl
e sh
elvi
ngto
acc
omm
odat
e pr
ojec
ts o
f di
ffer
ent s
izes
, and
sep
arat
e st
or-
age
for
even
ing
and
regu
lar
clas
s pr
ojec
ts. S
ugge
sted
spa
cean
d fa
cilit
ies
for
stor
ing
proj
ects
incl
ude:
* Fa
cilit
ies
for
stor
ing
proj
ects
nea
r th
e be
nch
or a
rea
whe
re w
ork
is b
eing
don
e on
them
,as
lock
er ty
pebe
nche
s.
* Sp
ace
for
stor
age
of p
roje
cts
unde
rway
by
indi
vidu
als,
divi
sion
s, o
r cl
asse
s.
* Sp
ace
for
proj
ects
of
diff
eren
t siz
es a
nd s
hape
s, s
tand
-in
g up
righ
t or
lyin
g do
wn.
* D
ustf
ree
and
prop
erly
ven
tilat
ed s
pace
for
pro
ject
sbe
ing
fini
shed
and
in d
ryin
g st
ages
.
* Sp
ace
for
stor
age
of f
lat o
r sh
eet p
roje
cts,
suc
h as
draw
ings
and
pri
nted
or
silk
-scr
eene
d m
atte
r.
* M
aste
r-ke
yed
door
han
dles
or
lock
s fo
r st
orag
e lo
cker
s.
Res
earc
h st
udie
s re
view
ed r
ecom
men
d th
at a
sep
arat
e st
or-
age
room
be
prov
ided
for
pro
ject
suna
ssem
bled
, ass
embl
ed,
and
fini
shed
and
that
indi
vidu
al c
lass
es h
ave
stor
age
spac
e.Pu
pils
' Per
sona
l Bel
ongi
ngs.
Loc
kers
in th
e la
bora
tory
are
used
for
sto
ring
pup
ils' p
erso
nal b
elon
ging
s, u
nfin
ishe
d pr
oj-
ects
, as
wel
l as
inst
ruct
iona
l sup
plie
s. I
n so
me
of th
e sc
hool
svi
site
d, e
ach
clas
s gr
oup
had
sepa
rate
lock
ers
or a
spe
cial
encl
osed
spa
ce w
hich
rem
aine
d lo
cked
exc
ept w
hen
in u
se. I
not
her
scho
ols
whe
re p
upils
cha
nged
into
spe
cial
clo
thin
g or
put
on c
over
alls
ove
r re
gula
r cl
othe
s, p
artic
ular
ly in
pow
er m
e-ch
anic
s an
d ge
nera
l met
als
labo
rato
ries
or
clas
ses,
lock
ers
orw
ardr
obes
wer
e pr
ovid
ed. S
ome
sugg
estio
ns f
or s
pace
and
faci
litie
s ar
e:
* Sp
ace
for
stan
ding
lock
ers
in a
sep
arat
e ro
om o
r ar
ealo
cate
d fo
r ea
sy s
uper
visi
on b
y th
e in
stru
ctor
at t
hebe
ginn
ing
and
clos
e of
a r
egul
ar c
lass
.
* Pr
ovis
ions
for
mul
tisiz
e lo
cker
s un
der
benc
hes,
with
spri
ng h
inge
s an
d m
aste
r-ke
yed
lock
s.
* Pr
ovis
ions
for
boo
ks in
lock
ers
or o
n sh
elvi
ng o
ver
orad
jace
nt to
lock
ers.
* Sp
ace
for
lock
ers
for
adul
t or
even
ing
clas
s st
orag
e of
pers
onal
bel
ongi
ngs.
Pro
per
stor
age
of m
ater
ials
mak
es th
e in
dust
rial a
rts
labo
rato
ry n
eat a
nd e
ffici
ent.
29
Inst
ruct
iona
l Med
ia a
nd S
uppl
ies.
Flex
ible
spa
ce a
rran
ge-
men
ts f
or k
eepi
ng in
stru
ctio
nal m
edia
and
sup
plie
s in
eith
erth
e de
part
men
tal l
ibra
ry a
nd p
lann
ing
cent
er o
r a
sepa
rate
audi
ovis
ual r
oom
wer
e fd
und
in th
e la
bora
tori
es v
isite
d.St
orag
efa
cilit
ies
for
teac
hing
aid
s an
d m
achi
nes
vari
edw
idel
y, in
clud
ing
com
part
men
ts in
or
near
the
teac
her's
des
kor
off
ice;
cas
es s
peci
ally
des
igne
d to
hol
d ch
arts
, pam
phle
ts,
and
the
like;
mov
able
car
ts f
or h
oldi
ng m
achi
nes
stor
ed in
the
audi
ovis
ual r
oom
, pla
nnin
g ce
nter
, or
teac
her's
off
ice;
and
four
-dra
wer
file
s. M
odel
s, m
ocku
ps, o
r di
spla
ys w
ere
stor
edin
or
on to
p of
cab
inet
s, o
n sh
elve
s, o
r on
cou
nter
s in
are
asof
the
labo
rato
ry w
here
they
wer
e us
ed b
y pu
pils
. A r
ear-
view
proj
ectio
n ca
bine
t pro
vide
s an
exc
elle
nt s
tora
ge s
pace
for
mot
ion-
pict
ure
and
slid
e pr
ojec
tors
, a ta
pe r
ecor
der,
as
wel
las
film
s, s
lides
, tap
es, a
nd s
pare
lam
ps.
The
fol
low
ing
spac
es o
r fa
cilit
ies
for
stor
age
of in
stru
ctio
nal
med
ia a
nd s
uppl
ies
are
sugg
este
d:
30
* Sp
ace
for
flat
and
rol
led
char
ts, e
asily
acc
essi
ble.
* Sp
ace
for
mod
els,
moc
kups
, spe
cim
ens,
and
thre
e-di
men
sion
al a
ids.
* M
ovab
le c
art (
low
) fo
r ov
erhe
ad p
roje
ctor
.
* M
ovab
le c
art o
r re
ar-v
iew
pro
ject
ion
cabi
net t
o ho
use
mot
ion-
pict
ure
and
slid
e pr
ojec
tors
, tap
e re
cord
ers
orre
cord
pla
yer,
film
s, s
lides
, slid
e fi
lms,
lam
ps, s
plic
ing
equi
pmen
t, an
d su
pplie
s.
* Sp
ace
in p
lann
ing
cent
er o
r se
para
te a
udio
visu
al r
oom
for
stor
age
of m
ovab
le c
arts
and
equ
ipm
ent.
* Sp
ace
for
stor
ing
card
sto
ck, p
aint
s an
d br
ushe
s, le
t-te
ring
pen
s an
d in
k, a
nd o
ther
sup
plie
s fo
r us
e in
mak
-in
g ai
ds.
* Sp
ace
and
faci
litie
s fo
r m
akin
g ov
erhe
ad tr
ansp
aren
cies
and
stor
ing
supp
lies
and
equi
pmen
t.
Res
earc
h st
udie
s re
com
men
ded
that
a s
peci
al r
oom
for
us-
ing
audi
ovis
ual f
acili
ties
be p
rovi
ded
for
indu
stri
al a
rts
labo
-ra
tori
es, o
r pr
ovis
ions
mad
e fo
r da
rken
ing
the
labo
rato
ry.
The
effe
ctiv
e us
e of
new
inst
ruct
iona
l
Fini
shin
g R
oom
Fini
shin
g ro
oms
are
gene
rally
fou
nd in
woo
ds la
bora
tori
esan
d to
a le
sser
deg
ree
in o
ther
labs
. Man
yro
oms
obse
rved
by
the
auth
ors
wer
e du
stpr
oof
and
equi
pped
with
an in
depe
nd-
ent e
xhau
st s
yste
m (
exha
ust f
ans
wer
e 24
" an
d ov
er).
Som
ew
ere
conv
enie
ntly
div
ided
into
two
area
s, o
ne f
or s
pray
ing
and
the
othe
r fo
r ha
nd f
inis
hing
. Ste
el c
abin
ets
wer
e us
ed to
sto
repa
int s
uppl
ies;
liqu
id s
olve
nt m
etal
con
tain
ers
had
clos
ed,
spri
ng-l
oade
d to
ps. T
he d
oor
to th
e fi
nish
ing
room
in m
any
of th
e sc
hool
s w
as v
apor
-sea
led.
Lig
ht s
witc
hes
wer
e al
sose
aled
or
loca
ted
outs
ide
the
room
. Cei
ling
light
s w
ere
flam
e-pr
oof.
In
som
e sc
hool
s vi
site
d,a
dryi
ng r
oom
occ
upyi
ng 2
00to
225
squ
are
feet
was
adj
acen
t to
the
fini
shin
gro
om. I
t had
a w
ide
door
for
larg
e ob
ject
s, th
e ar
ea w
as d
ustp
roof
, and
spec
ial a
ttent
ion
was
giv
en to
the
vent
ilatio
nsy
stem
.B
elow
are
sug
gest
ions
on
spac
e an
d fa
cilit
ies:
* Sp
ace
for
fini
shin
g ei
ther
ina
sepa
rate
roo
m o
r in
are
lativ
ely
dust
free
are
a of
the
labo
rato
ry.
med
ia d
epen
ds o
n ad
equa
te s
tora
ge s
pace
s.
* E
xhau
st a
nd v
entil
atio
n pr
ovis
ions
to r
emov
e no
xiou
san
d to
xic
odor
s.
* Fi
repr
oof
and/
or v
apor
-pro
of e
lect
rica
l ser
vice
s an
dfa
cilit
ies.
* Pr
ovis
ions
for
fre
sh a
ir a
nd a
dher
ence
to a
ir r
egul
a-tio
ns.
* Fi
repr
oof
stor
age
for
vola
tile
solv
ents
and
fin
ishe
s.
* Se
lf-c
losi
ng m
etal
con
tain
er f
or s
oile
dra
gs.
* pS
lpie
s. ace
for
met
al s
tora
ge c
abin
et f
or b
rush
es a
nd s
up-
* Sp
ace
for
benc
h or
rot
atin
g fi
nish
ing
stan
d.
* W
ashu
p si
nk w
ith h
ot a
nd c
old
wat
er a
nd s
uita
ble
drai
n.
* M
aste
r-ke
yed
lock
s on
all
stor
age
cabi
nets
.
* Sp
ace
for
cabi
nets
or
shel
ving
and
equ
ipm
ent p
ecul
iar
to a
fin
ishi
ng r
oom
that
is u
sed
with
oth
er s
ubje
ctar
eas,
suc
h as
met
als,
or
as a
pro
ject
sto
rage
are
a.
31
Dar
kroo
m
The
dev
elop
ing
or p
rint
ing
of p
hoto
grap
hs o
r th
e m
akin
gof
neg
ativ
es f
or o
ffse
t pri
ntin
g re
quir
es a
dar
kroo
m. I
n so
me
scho
ols
visi
ted,
a s
mal
l roo
m f
rom
80
to 9
0sq
uare
fee
t was
prov
ided
for
pho
togr
aphi
c pr
oces
sing
and
was
use
d at
tim
esby
oth
er d
epar
tmen
ts in
the
scho
ol. I
n th
e m
oder
n gr
aphi
car
ts la
bora
tory
, the
dar
kroo
m is
a r
equi
site
for
pho
to-o
ffse
tpr
intin
g. S
pace
and
fac
ilitie
s su
gges
ted
for
the
dark
room
are
:
*R
ecta
ngul
ar s
pace
loca
ted
adja
cent
to th
e gr
aphi
c ar
tspl
atem
akin
g or
off
set p
ress
are
a.*
Spac
e fo
r an
off
set c
amer
a (h
oriz
onta
l or
vert
ical
), a
deve
lopi
ng s
ink,
an
enla
rger
, a p
rint
dry
er, c
abin
ets,
wor
king
-hei
ght c
ount
ers,
and
a c
onta
ct p
rint
er.
* A
n ac
id-r
esis
tant
sin
k w
ithho
t and
col
d ru
nnin
g w
ater
and
tray
s fo
r de
velo
ping
and
was
hing
neg
ativ
es a
ndpr
ints
.
* Pr
ovis
ions
for
hang
ing
roll
or s
heet
neg
ativ
es f
or d
ryin
g.
* Sh
elf
spac
e fo
r ch
emic
als
and
acce
ssor
ies.
* E
nclo
sed
spac
efo
r un
expo
sed
nega
tive
and
prin
ting
pape
rs, w
ith s
lidin
g do
ors
and
mas
ter-
keye
d lo
ck.
* V
entil
atio
n an
dte
mpe
ratu
re c
ontr
ols.
* Pr
ovis
ions
for
saf
elig
hts,
spo
tting
ligh
t nea
r ca
mer
a,an
d no
rmal
ligh
ting
(saf
e an
dsp
ottin
g lig
:As
to b
e co
n-tr
olle
d lo
cally
, and
nor
mal
ligh
ting
switc
hto
be
loca
ted
near
the
entr
ance
).
* Pr
ovis
ions
for
a m
aze
or o
ther
ligh
t-tig
ht c
ontr
ol a
t the
door
.
* Pr
ovis
ions
for
an o
ccup
ancy
war
ning
ligh
t out
side
the
dark
room
and
a m
eans
of
lock
ing
the
door
fro
m e
ither
side
.
32
Dis
play
Are
a
Dis
play
fac
ilitie
s in
the
indu
stri
al a
rts
serv
e as
a p
ublic
rel
a-tio
ns m
ediu
m a
nd a
s in
stru
ctio
nal a
ids.
The
ym
ayco
nsis
t of
open
she
lvin
g, p
artic
ular
ly w
here
thre
e-di
men
sion
al it
ems
may
be d
ispl
ayed
for
inst
ruct
iona
lpu
rpos
es, o
r as
tack
boar
ds to
disp
lay
stud
ents
' fla
t wor
k, c
hart
s, p
ictu
res,
or
othe
r in
form
a-tio
n. T
hey
are
usua
lly f
ound
in th
e pl
anni
ngar
ea a
nd in
the
labo
rato
ry it
self
. Rec
esse
d, g
lass
-enc
lose
d ca
ses
are
mos
t oft
enlo
cate
d al
ong
corr
idor
wal
ls e
ither
adj
acen
t to
the
labo
rato
ryor
in a
gen
eral
dis
play
are
a ne
ar th
e sc
hool
ent
ranc
e. S
ugge
s-tio
ns f
orsp
ace
and
faci
litie
s in
clud
e:
* Su
ffic
ient
wal
lsp
ace
for
tack
boar
ds in
the
plan
ning
area
and
in th
e la
bora
tory
, esp
ecia
lly n
ear
the
entr
ance
.T
ackb
oard
s on
eac
h si
de o
f ch
alkb
oard
may
be u
sed.
*Sp
ace
for
open
she
lvin
g fo
r th
ree-
dim
ensi
onal
item
spr
ojec
ts, m
odel
s, o
r pr
oces
s di
spla
ys.
*R
eces
sed,
gla
ss-e
nclo
sed
spac
e in
or
outs
ide
the
labo
-ra
tory
with
pro
visi
ons
for
light
ing,
ope
n or
fre
e st
and-
ing
shel
ving
, tac
k or
peg
boar
d on
one
wal
l, an
d la
rge
open
ing
with
slid
ing
or s
win
ging
doo
rs w
hich
can
be
lock
ed.
* Pr
ovis
ions
for
hang
ing
disp
lays
on
the
wal
l of
the
labo
rato
ry.
Res
earc
h st
udie
s re
com
men
d th
at:
* Pi
ctur
em
oldi
ng o
r ch
anne
l sho
uld
be b
uilt
into
the
win
dow
less
wal
ls f
or h
angi
ngpi
ctur
es a
nd d
ispl
ays.
* A
bul
letin
boar
d, a
ppro
xim
atel
y 16
squ
are
feet
, sho
uld
be p
rovi
ded
near
the
mos
tfr
eque
ntly
use
d en
tran
ce o
fth
e la
bora
tory
.
Tea
cher
's O
ffic
e
Man
y se
cond
ary
scho
ols
prov
ide
sepa
rate
spa
cefo
r te
ache
rs
to k
eep
book
s, r
ecor
ds,i
nstr
uctio
nal m
ater
ials
, and
oth
er it
ems
of a
pri
vate
nat
ure,
as
wel
l as
to h
old
conf
eren
ces
with
pup
ilsor
par
ents
. An
area
of
from
125
to 1
50 s
quar
e fe
et f
or e
ach
teac
her
is f
ound
in s
ome
scho
ols.
In
smal
ler
depa
rtm
ents
,sp
ace
in th
e pl
anni
ng c
ente
ris
pro
vide
d fo
r th
is p
urpo
se.
Sugg
este
d sp
ace
and
faci
litie
s fo
r th
e te
ache
r's o
ffic
e ar
e:
* Sp
ace
for
a de
sk w
ith o
ne d
raw
er f
ile, c
hair
, and
type
-w
rite
r.
* Sp
ace
for
one
or tw
o ch
airs
for
con
fere
nces
with
pup
ilsor
par
ents
.
* Sp
ace
for
refe
renc
e bo
oks
and
bulle
tins
for
the
teac
h-er
's e
xclu
sive
use
.
* Sp
ace
for
stor
ing
film
s, f
ilmst
rips
, or
othe
r au
diov
isua
lai
ds.
* Sp
ace
for
stor
ing
pupi
ls' p
roje
cts
whe
n th
ey a
re b
eing
eval
uate
d.
* A
fou
r-dr
awer
sta
ndar
d fi
le f
or b
udge
ts, i
nven
tori
es,
acco
unts
, let
ters
, pup
il re
cord
s, a
nd o
ther
mat
eria
lspe
rtin
ent t
o th
e de
part
men
t.
* Pr
ovis
ions
for
ven
tilat
ion,
ther
mal
or
air
cond
ition
ing,
and
soun
d co
ntro
l.
* Pr
ovis
ions
for
ele
ctri
cal o
utle
ts, a
dequ
ate
light
ing,
and
colo
r co
nditi
onin
g.
* Pr
ovis
ions
for
tele
phon
e or
oth
er c
omm
unic
atio
nsm
edia
.
* Sp
ace
adja
cent
to o
r in
pla
nnin
g ar
ea to
pro
vide
an
over
all v
iew
of
the
labo
rato
ry.
Gui
danc
e is
an
impo
rtan
t par
t of
the
indu
stri
al a
rts
prog
ram
.
33
Toi
lets
and
Was
hing
Fac
ilitie
sT
oile
t fac
ilitie
s w
ere
prov
ided
in m
any
of th
e de
part
men
tsvi
site
d, p
artic
ular
lyif
the
depa
rtm
ents
wer
e lo
cate
d in
ase
para
te b
uild
ing
or w
ere
too
far
from
the
scho
olbu
ildin
g's
toile
ts. F
acili
ties
for
both
mal
es a
nd f
emal
es w
ere
gene
rally
incl
uded
.E
ach
depa
rtm
ent a
nd g
ener
ally
eac
h la
bora
tory
had
its
own
was
hing
fac
ilitie
s. T
hese
wer
e pl
aced
aga
inst
a w
all w
ithse
vera
l mix
ing
valv
es w
hich
del
iver
wat
er o
f co
ntro
lled
tem
-pe
ratu
res.
Thi
s ty
pe is
oft
en u
sed
beca
use
it is
eco
nom
ical
inth
e am
ount
of
wat
er u
sed
as w
ell a
s in
the
amou
nt o
f tim
eit
take
s to
was
h un
der
a co
ncen
trat
ed s
trea
m. S
emic
ircu
lar
and
circ
ular
was
hup
foun
tain
s w
ith f
oot c
ontr
ols
wer
e al
sous
ed to
per
mit
seve
ral p
upils
to w
ash
at th
e sa
me
time.
The
floo
r an
d th
e w
all b
ehin
d th
e w
ash
trou
gh g
ener
ally
had
an
impe
rvio
us f
inis
h. T
owel
and
soa
p di
spen
sers
wer
e pr
ovid
ed,
and
mir
rors
wer
e in
clud
ed in
som
e la
bora
tori
es. M
ost o
f th
efa
cilit
ies
visi
ted
had
a dr
inki
ng f
ount
ain
in th
e la
bora
tory
and
near
the
sink
are
a. S
pace
and
fac
ilitie
s m
ust a
dher
e to
loca
l san
itatio
n an
d bu
ildin
g co
des.
Res
earc
h st
udie
s sh
ow th
at te
ache
rs p
refe
r w
all-
type
was
h-in
g tr
ough
s, w
ith o
ne m
ixin
g va
lve
for
ever
y 10
to 1
2 pu
pils
.
34
Ais
les
of T
rave
lA
noth
er c
once
rn o
f th
e pl
anne
r is
pro
visi
on f
or f
low
of
traf
-fi
cto
perm
it pu
pils
to m
ove
from
one
wor
k st
atio
n to
anot
her,
or
to m
ater
ials
or
tool
sto
rage
cen
ter
with
out i
nter
-fe
ring
with
oth
er p
upils
or
bum
ping
into
mac
hine
s or
ben
ches
alon
g th
e w
ay. A
isle
s sh
ould
be
prov
ided
to p
erm
it su
ch m
ove-
men
t. Sp
ace
cons
ider
atio
ns o
bser
ved
or s
ugge
sted
incl
ude:
* Su
ffic
ient
spac
e be
twee
n be
nche
s, m
achi
nery
,an
deq
uipm
ent t
o pe
rmit
pupi
ls o
r te
ache
r to
pas
s w
ithou
tin
terf
erin
g w
ith a
wor
ker
at a
sta
tion.
* Sp
ace
for
mov
emen
t of
bulk
y m
ater
ials
to c
uttin
gm
achi
ne o
r ar
ea w
ithou
t cro
ssin
g or
blo
ckin
g m
ajor
aisl
es.
* O
pen
spac
e in
fro
nt o
f to
ol p
anel
s or
sto
rage
are
as,
lock
ers,
was
hup
area
s, p
lann
ing
cent
er, d
ispl
ay a
reas
,en
tran
ces,
and
exi
ts.
* M
inim
um s
pace
of
4 fe
et f
or m
ajor
ais
les
and
3 fe
etfo
r m
inor
or
feed
er a
isle
s.*
Ope
n fl
oor
spac
es in
labo
rato
ries
whe
re a
ssem
bly
ofpr
ojec
ts o
r co
nstr
uctio
n of
mod
el s
truc
ture
s ar
e re
-qu
ired
, and
for
fle
xibl
e ar
rang
emen
t of
equi
pmen
t to
mee
t spe
cial
or
new
nee
ds.
CH
APT
ER
VPl
anni
ng th
e G
ener
al P
hysi
cal E
nvir
onm
ent
PLA
NN
ING
TH
E G
EN
ER
AL
PH
YSI
CA
L S
ET
TIN
Gof
the
indu
stri
alar
ts d
epar
tmen
t to
assu
rem
axim
um f
unct
iona
lism
and
flex
ibili
ty s
houl
d be
und
erta
ken
only
aft
er th
e sp
ace
and
faci
li-
ties
disc
usse
d in
the
prec
edin
g ch
apte
r ha
vebe
en c
aref
ully
cons
ider
ed. T
he p
lann
ing
com
mitt
ee, a
nd th
e in
dust
rial
art
ste
ache
r in
par
ticul
ar, s
houl
d im
pres
s up
on th
ear
chite
ct th
ene
eds
outli
ned
and
prov
ide
him
and
the
engi
neer
with
spec
ific
det
ails
of
phys
ical
fea
ture
s es
sent
ial t
ole
arni
ng a
ndte
achi
ng a
nd to
org
aniz
ing
and
man
agin
g th
efa
cilit
ies.
Loc
atio
n of
the
Dep
artm
ent
The
loca
tion
of th
e in
dust
rial
art
s de
part
men
t in
scho
ols
vari
es c
onsi
dera
bly.
In
larg
e ci
ties
whe
re g
roun
d sp
ace
is a
t apr
emiu
m, i
t is
loca
ted
on d
iffe
rent
flo
ors.
Ele
vato
rs a
reus
ed
to tr
ansp
ort s
uppl
ies
and
equi
pmen
t. Su
burb
an E
choo
ls g
en-
eral
ly h
ave
the
depa
rtm
ent o
n th
e gr
ound
leve
lco
nven
ient
toan
out
side
ent
ranc
e an
dse
rvic
e dr
ive.
In
som
e sc
hool
s it
is in
a se
para
te b
uild
ing
near
by a
nd c
onne
cted
by
a ca
nopy
or
cove
red
pass
age
to p
rote
ct p
upils
dur
ing
incl
emen
tw
eath
er.
A w
ing
of th
e sc
hool
is u
sed
for
the
indu
stri
al a
rts
depa
rtm
ent
in m
any
com
mun
ities
. Thi
s lo
catio
n no
t onl
ypr
ovid
es f
orac
cess
ibili
ty f
rom
a s
ervi
ce d
rive
but
als
o ha
s th
ead
ditio
nal
adva
ntag
es o
f pr
ovid
ing
for
expa
nsib
ility
; per
mitt
ing
entr
ance
from
the
outs
ide
for
pupi
ls o
r ad
ults
in a
fter
-sch
ool
hour
s,va
catio
ns, o
r in
the
even
ing
with
out o
peni
ng o
r di
stur
bing
the
rem
aind
er o
f th
e sc
hool
; con
trol
ling
soun
d, d
ust,
chip
s,an
dfu
mes
; and
per
mitt
ing
high
er c
eilin
gs w
here
nee
ded.
The
activ
ities
and
the
inte
rrel
atio
nshi
ps w
hich
exi
st b
etw
een
in-
dust
rial
art
s an
d sc
ienc
e, h
ome
econ
omic
s, a
rt, a
nd th
e vo
ca-
^
tiona
l-te
chni
cal c
ours
es m
ake
clos
e pr
oxim
ity to
thes
e fa
cilit
ies
mos
t des
irab
le.
Res
earc
h st
udie
s re
view
ed r
ecom
men
d th
atin
dust
rial
art
sla
bora
tori
es b
e lo
cate
d on
the
grou
nd le
vel,
in a
win
g of
the
mai
n bu
ildin
g, o
r in
a s
epar
ate
build
ing
near
ase
rvic
e dr
ive.
Spat
ial F
acto
rsT
he lo
catio
n of
the
indu
stri
al a
rts
depa
rtm
ent c
anbe
in-
flue
nced
by
the
size
, sha
pe, a
nd h
eigh
t of
the
faci
litie
s. S
ome
of th
e el
emen
ts th
at d
eter
min
e th
ese
spat
ial f
acto
rs in
clud
e:nu
mbe
r an
d ag
e le
vel o
f th
e pu
pils
, sub
ject
are
as,
equi
pmen
t,au
xilia
ry f
acili
ties,
ope
n sp
aces
, and
ais
les
need
ed f
or b
oth
flex
ibili
ty a
nd s
afet
y.Si
ze.O
nce
the
plan
ning
com
mitt
ee a
scer
tain
sth
e da
ta p
erti-
nent
to th
ese
elem
ents
, it m
ayth
en c
alcu
late
the
floo
r sp
ace
need
ed. T
he to
tal a
mou
nt o
f sp
ace
prov
ided
for
the
faci
litie
ssh
ould
not
onl
y m
eet t
he n
eeds
of
the
curr
ent p
rogr
ambu
tal
so b
e ad
apta
ble
to c
hang
es f
or f
utur
e pr
ogra
ms.
The
re-
sear
ch s
tudi
es e
xam
ined
rep
ort t
he s
pace
ran
ge,
base
d up
on20
to 2
4 pu
pils
per
cla
ss a
nd e
xclu
ding
auxi
liary
fac
ilitie
s, a
s
follo
ws: * Fr
om 1
,800
to 3
,000
squ
are
feet
for
gen
eral
unit
labo
-ra
tori
es, s
uch
as w
oods
, met
als,
gra
phic
art
s,dr
awin
g,or
com
preh
ensi
vege
nera
l lab
orat
orie
s.
* Fr
om 1
,800
to 3
,000
squ
are
feet
for
pow
erm
echa
nics
or tr
ansp
orta
tion
labo
rato
ries
.
* Fr
om 1
,200
to 2
,400
squ
are
feet
for
elec
tric
ity/e
lec-
tron
ics
and
craf
ts la
bora
tori
es.
35
ELE
ME
NT
AR
Y
Aud
itoriu
man
d M
usic
Cla
ssro
omC
lass
room
SE
NIO
R H
IGH
Adm
inis
-tr
atio
nC
lass
room
Cla
ssro
om
Voc
atio
nal
Tec
hnic
al
Indu
s-tr
ial
kts
Sci
ence
and
Mat
h
Hom
eE
cono
mic
s
Vas
sR
oom
Cla
ssro
om
Att
Indu
s-tr
ial
kts
IlA
Mat
h
Hom
eE
cono
-m
ics
Cla
ssro
om
Indu
s-tr
ie!
Art
s
Cla
ssro
om
Aud
itoriu
m
Mus
ic
Loca
ting
the
indu
stria
l art
s de
part
men
t nea
rot
her
rela
ted
curr
icul
um a
reas
mak
es c
orre
late
d ac
tiviti
es e
asie
r.
36
The
tota
l are
a of
labo
rato
ries
is o
ften
dete
rmin
ed o
n th
eba
si3
of a
squ
are
foot
(ra
nge
from
75 to
150
) pe
r pu
pil r
atio
and
an a
ssum
ed c
lass
siz
e (f
or e
xam
ple,
from
20
to 2
4 pu
pils
).Su
ch a
rat
io, h
owev
er, i
s no
t val
id f
or v
ery
smal
l cla
sses
sinc
e th
e eq
uipm
ent n
eede
d in
a la
bora
tory
,in
ord
er to
pro
-vi
de f
or th
e ne
cess
ary
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
,ta
kes
up a
bout
the
sam
e am
ount
of
spac
e.Sh
ape
and
Hei
ght.G
ener
ally
the
shap
e of
labo
rato
ries
is
rect
angu
lar.
Sug
gest
ions
rece
ived
fro
m te
ache
rs d
urin
g th
esc
livol
vis
its in
dica
ted
that
the
wid
th s
houl
dbe
no
less
than
30 f
eet a
nd th
at p
ower
mec
hani
csla
bora
tori
es s
houl
d be
wid
er to
am
omm
odat
e au
tom
obile
s, b
oats
,an
d ot
her
larg
eeq
uipm
ent.
How
ever
, som
e ne
wer
idea
s re
gard
ing
the
spac
eof
the
labo
rato
ry a
re s
how
n on
the
insi
defr
ont c
over
.
Cei
ling
heig
hts
in la
bora
tori
es r
ange
dfr
om 1
2 to
22
feet
,bu
t the
latte
r fo
otag
e w
as g
ener
ally
cons
ider
ed to
o hi
gh.
Whe
re a
car
lift
is u
sed
in th
e po
wer
mec
hani
cs f
acili
ty, t
hece
iling
sho
uld
be h
ighe
r to
acco
mm
odat
e th
e ca
r lif
t.R
esea
rch
stud
ies
on la
bora
tori
es s
how
ed th
at:
* T
he s
hape
sho
uld
be f
rom
1: P
A to
1:2
(ex
ampl
e: 4
0fe
et w
ide
by 7
0 fe
et lo
ng)
.
* T
hera
nge
of h
eigh
t sho
uld
be f
rom
12
to 1
4 fe
et.
Arc
hite
ctur
al C
onsi
dera
tions
The
arc
hite
ctur
al d
etai
ls w
hich
fol
low
are
per
tinen
tto
fun
c-
tiona
l fac
ilitie
s fo
r in
dust
rial
art
s an
d re
quir
eth
e at
tent
ion
of
desi
gner
s an
d pl
anne
rs. M
any
of th
ese
wer
e ob
serv
ed b
y th
eau
thor
s an
d w
ere
repo
rted
in th
e re
sear
chre
view
ed.
Floo
ring
.The
type
of
floo
ring
sele
cted
for
the
labo
rato
ries
vari
es w
ith th
e ne
eds
of th
e ac
tiviti
es to
be
acco
mm
odat
ed. C
on-
side
ratio
ns m
ust b
e gi
ven
to f
loor
sur
face
s w
hich
are
: (1)
de-
sign
ed to
end
ure,
but
not
so
nonr
esili
ent a
s to
cau
se u
ndue
fatig
ue; (
2) in
sula
ted
to p
reve
nt n
oise
; (3)
ple
asin
gin
ap-
pear
ance
; (4)
clea
ned
easi
ly;
(5)
fini
shed
to r
educ
e th
e
dang
er o
f sl
ippi
ng; a
nd (
6) r
epai
red
easi
ly a
nd e
ffec
tivel
y.G
ener
ally
, in
labo
rato
ries
whe
re f
loor
s ar
e su
bjec
ted
to o
ils o
rse
vere
usa
ge, o
r se
rve
diff
eren
t sub
ject
are
assu
ch a
s m
etal
s,po
wer
mec
hani
cs, a
nd c
eram
icsa
har
dene
d, s
eale
d co
ncre
tefl
oor
is r
ecom
men
ded.
In
othe
r la
bora
tori
es, a
res
ilien
t typ
efl
oori
ngei
ther
map
le, v
inyl
asb
esto
s, o
r so
lid v
inyl
may
be
used
. A c
eram
ic ti
le f
loor
is p
refe
rred
in th
e ce
ram
ics
labo
ra-
tory
or
area
. Flo
or a
reas
whe
re m
achi
ne o
pera
tors
sta
nd n
eed
spec
ial t
reat
men
t for
saf
ety
reas
ons,
suc
h as
a n
onsk
id s
urfa
ce.
Wal
ls a
nd D
oors
.Of
spec
ial c
once
rn to
the
plan
ners
of
func
tiona
l fac
ilitie
s ar
e th
e ty
pes
of w
alls
and
the
loca
tion
and
size
s of
doo
rs. T
he w
all m
ater
ials
of
a la
bora
tory
are
usua
lly th
e sa
me
as th
ose
used
thro
ugho
ut a
sch
ool p
lant
.Pl
anne
rs s
houl
d, h
owev
er, c
onsi
der
usin
g a
wai
nsco
t of
4 to
5 fe
et, w
ith a
har
d, e
asy-
to-c
lean
sur
face
. An
encl
osed
pla
n-ni
ng a
rea
or o
ffic
e is
par
ticul
arly
app
ropr
iate
for
a w
ains
cot,
to p
rovi
de s
pace
for
equ
ipm
ent o
n bo
th s
ides
of
the
wai
nsco
t,w
ith a
gla
ss a
rea
abov
e to
per
mit
visi
bilit
y of
the
who
le la
bo-
rato
ry. I
f co
ncre
te b
lock
s ar
e us
ed, t
hey
shou
ld b
e pr
oper
lyse
aled
and
coa
ted
with
an
epox
yor
pla
stic
fin
ish
pain
t. M
ov-
able
wal
ls o
r pa
rtiti
ons
of m
etal
, woo
d,or
con
cret
e bl
ock
shou
ld b
e no
n-lo
ad-b
eari
ng a
nd c
onta
inno
util
ities
.T
he s
ize
and
swin
g of
doo
rsca
n ei
ther
mak
e th
e ad
jace
ntw
all s
pace
use
less
or
redu
ce th
e fu
nctio
ns o
fa
labo
rato
ry b
ylim
iting
acc
ess
to it
or
its a
uxili
ary
faci
litie
s. I
fca
rs a
re to
be
driv
en in
to a
pow
er m
echa
nics
or tr
ansp
orta
tion
labo
rato
ry,
a ra
mp
and
wid
e ov
erhe
ad d
oor
is h
elpf
ul. T
he lo
catio
n of
the
door
is d
eter
min
ed b
y th
e si
ze a
nd s
hape
of
the
labo
rato
ry,
the
serv
ice
driv
e, a
nd th
e nu
mbe
r of
cars
to b
e ad
mitt
ed a
ton
e tim
e, b
ut it
sho
uld
be a
t lea
st 7
fee
t fro
m a
cor
ner
tope
rmit
wor
k an
d fr
eepa
ssag
e. A
hyd
raul
ic c
ar li
ft w
ill a
lso
infl
uenc
e th
e lo
catio
n an
d he
ight
of
the
door
. An
over
head
orla
rger
, ext
erio
r sw
ingi
ng d
oer
may
be
used
in a
woo
ds la
bo-
rato
ry w
hen
lum
ber
or b
ulky
obj
ects
are
deliv
ered
or
rem
oved
.T
he s
pace
in f
ront
of
this
doo
rm
ay b
e ut
ilize
d fo
r la
rge
con-
stru
ctio
n as
wel
l. A
n en
tran
ce to
the
labo
rato
ry f
rom
the
out-
side
is im
port
ant f
or e
veni
ng c
lass
use.
Thi
s m
ay b
e pl
aced
next
to a
n ov
erhe
ad d
oor
or, a
s in
som
e in
stan
ces,
with
in th
edo
or it
self
.
Inte
rior
doo
rs s
houl
d no
t be
less
than
3 f
eet w
ide
and
pref
erab
ly w
ider
. Whe
re d
oors
wid
er th
an 4
fee
tar
e ne
eded
,as
for
a f
inis
hing
roo
m o
r be
twee
n la
bora
tori
es f
or m
ovin
geq
uipm
ent,
doub
le, s
win
ging
doo
rsor
, und
er s
ome
circ
um-
stan
ces,
bif
old
or s
lidin
g do
ors
may
be
cons
ider
ed. D
oors
shou
ld s
win
g aw
ay f
rom
usa
ble
wal
lsp
ace
yet n
ot in
terf
ere
with
fre
e pa
ssag
e in
the
room
. Pla
cing
doo
rs c
lose
to a
cor
ner
whe
re p
ossi
ble
will
per
mit
bette
rro
om a
nd w
all u
tiliz
atio
n.Fi
re s
afet
y la
ws
shou
ld b
e co
nsul
ted
conc
erni
ng d
oor
requ
ire-
men
ts.
Plum
bing
.Hot
and
col
d w
ater
is n
eede
d in
or n
ear
a fi
n-is
hing
roo
m, i
n th
e ph
otog
raph
ic d
arkr
oom
, and
in th
ece
ram
ics
area
. Col
d w
ater
is a
lso
requ
ired
for
que
nch
tank
s in
the
met
als
and
the
pow
er m
echa
nics
labo
rato
ries
. A ta
p is
need
ed n
ear
an o
verh
ead
door
or
outs
ide
entr
ance
for
use
inor
out
side
the
build
ing.
Fac
ilitie
s fo
r ou
tboa
rd m
otor
ope
ra-
tion
and
test
ing
mus
t hav
e w
ater
.A
cid
resi
stan
t plu
mbi
ng f
ixtu
res
mus
t be
cons
ider
ed f
orph
otog
raph
ic p
roce
ssin
g an
d fo
r m
etal
fin
ishi
ng w
hich
in-
volv
es e
tchi
ng a
nd e
lect
ropl
atin
g. A
spe
cial
sin
k tr
ap a
nda
floo
r dr
ain
are
espe
cial
ly d
esir
able
in th
e ce
ram
ics
area
. Vol
a-til
e liq
uid
inte
rcep
tor
floo
r dr
ains
in th
epo
wer
mec
hani
csla
bora
tory
are
man
dato
ry if
car
sar
e br
ough
t in
or if
flu
idpo
wer
act
iviti
es a
re c
ondu
cted
or
plan
ned.
A f
loor
-lev
elca
pped
pip
e le
adin
g to
a b
urie
d st
orag
e ta
nk o
utsi
de th
ela
bora
tory
is d
esir
able
for
dis
posi
ng o
f w
aste
oils
.Pl
umbi
ng f
or c
ompr
esse
d ai
r an
d ga
s lin
es is
ess
entia
l. C
om-
pres
sed
air
is n
eede
d fo
r al
mos
t eve
ry in
dust
rial
art
s fa
cilit
yfo
r op
erat
ing
clea
ning
, spr
ayin
g, c
oolin
g, a
nd o
ther
pne
umat
icto
ols
or e
quip
men
t. N
atur
al, m
ixed
, art
ific
al, o
r bo
ttled
gas
37
is u
sed
to h
eat s
olde
ring
cop
pers
, fou
ndry
and
hea
t tre
atin
gfu
rnac
es, a
nd s
omet
imes
kiln
s. S
uppl
y lin
es f
or a
ir o
r ga
s m
aybe
eith
er u
nder
grou
nd o
r al
ong
a w
all o
verh
ead.
Air
line
sor
igin
ate
at a
com
pres
sor
whi
ch s
houl
d be
loca
ted
not t
co f
arfr
om th
e po
wer
mec
hani
cs la
bora
tory
or
a fi
nish
ing
room
,an
d th
ey s
houl
d be
ext
enda
ble
to th
ose
area
s w
here
nee
ded.
Air
may
be
tapp
ed o
ff a
t any
poi
nt, u
sing
qui
ck d
isco
nnec
tsat
tach
ed to
the
line
and
hose
s. I
n a
fini
shin
g ro
om o
r ot
her
labo
rato
ry w
here
var
iabl
e ai
r pr
essu
res
are
requ
ired
, air
tran
s-fo
rmer
s ar
e al
so c
onne
cted
in th
e lin
e. G
as li
nes
are
dire
cted
from
thei
r so
urce
to th
e ar
eas
whe
re g
as is
use
d, a
nd a
re p
ro-
vide
d w
ith s
hut-
off
valv
es b
efor
e be
ing
atta
ched
to th
e eq
uip-
men
t. A
ir li
nes
shou
ld m
ake
prov
isio
ns f
or d
rops
in p
ress
ure
as th
eir
leng
th in
crea
ses,
and
sho
uld
also
be
pitc
hed
to p
erm
itw
ater
con
dens
ate
to b
e ta
pped
off
eith
er a
t the
com
pres
sor
orin
the
line.
Air
, gas
, and
in s
ome
inst
ance
s w
ater
line
s m
ay b
epi
ped
into
a p
lann
ing
or d
emon
stra
tion
cent
er, e
spec
ially
inth
e po
wer
mec
hani
cs la
bora
tory
.E
lect
rica
l Ser
vice
.Des
igne
rs o
f th
e el
ectr
ical
ser
vice
sys
tem
sfo
r in
dust
rial
art
s de
part
men
ts m
ust m
ake
cert
ain
that
cir
-cu
its a
nd o
utle
ts a
re a
dequ
ate
in n
umbe
r, k
ind,
and
cap
acity
to m
eet p
rese
nt a
nd f
utur
e ne
eds
of th
e va
riou
s la
bora
tori
esfo
r bo
th m
achi
nes
and
light
ing.
Cen
tral
ized
box
esor
pan
els
utili
zing
indi
vidu
al c
ircu
it br
eake
rs a
nd lo
ck-l
atch
doo
rsar
ehi
ghly
des
irab
le in
eac
h la
bora
tory
. A k
eyed
res
et s
witc
h fo
rpa
nic
butto
ns w
hich
are
str
ateg
ical
ly lo
cate
d in
the
labo
rato
rysh
ould
als
o be
pro
vide
d at
the
mas
ter
cont
rol p
anel
. Suf
fici
ent
outle
ts a
long
the
wal
ls w
here
pow
er e
quip
men
t may
be
loca
ted
or u
sed
are
nece
ssar
y fo
r fl
exib
ility
; how
ever
, too
l or
cabi
net s
tora
ge a
nd d
ispl
ays
shou
ld b
e co
nsid
ered
in p
laci
ngth
e ou
tlets
. Sel
f-re
ti ac
ting
drop
out
lets
ove
r be
nche
s fo
r po
rt-
able
equ
ipm
ent a
re d
esir
able
. An
over
head
bus
-way
sys
tem
can
be d
esig
ned
for
equi
pmen
t loc
ated
aw
ay f
rom
a w
all,
oran
und
erfl
oor
trou
gh m
ay b
e us
ed f
or e
lect
rica
l pow
er a
nd th
e
38
dust
col
lect
ion
syst
em in
the
woo
ds la
bora
tory
or
area
. Flo
orty
pe o
utle
ts, i
f in
clud
ed, m
ust b
e co
vere
d an
d fl
ush
with
the
floo
r. Serv
ices
sho
uld
be p
lann
ed f
or in
stru
ctio
nal m
edia
over
-he
ad a
nd o
ther
pro
ject
ors,
rec
orde
rs, a
nd c
lose
d-ci
rcui
t tel
e-vi
sion
; for
clo
cks,
sig
nalli
ng, t
elep
hone
, and
oth
er c
omm
uni-
catio
ns d
evic
es; a
nd in
the
elec
tric
ity/e
lect
roni
cs la
bora
tory
,fo
r ce
ntra
l and
/or
indi
vidu
al p
ower
sup
plie
s.Sp
ecia
l atte
ntio
n, s
uch
as a
red
"bu
lls-e
ye"
jew
el in
dica
tor
to c
ontr
ol s
witc
h, s
houl
d be
giv
en to
ele
ctri
cal s
ervi
ces
for
wel
ders
, kiln
s, e
lect
ric
furn
aces
, and
oth
er e
quip
men
t with
high
am
pera
ge r
atin
gs.
Res
earc
h st
udie
s ex
amin
ed s
ugge
st th
at:
* 22
0-44
0 vo
lt th
ree-
phas
e an
d 11
0-12
0 vo
lt si
ngle
-pha
segr
ound
ed e
lect
rica
l sys
tem
sho
uld
be in
stal
led
to m
eet
elec
tric
al p
ower
nee
ds.
* 11
0-12
0 vo
lt gr
ound
ed d
oubl
e w
all o
utle
ts, l
ocat
ed 3
6to
42
inch
es a
bove
the
floo
r an
d sp
aced
10
to 1
5 fe
etap
art,
shou
ld b
e in
stal
led
alon
g th
e w
alls
.
Con
ditio
ning
Spa
ce
Plan
ners
and
des
igne
rs o
f pr
oper
ly s
ized
and
arr
ange
dph
ysic
al f
acili
ties
for
indu
stri
al a
rts
mus
t mak
e su
re th
at e
ach
labo
rato
ry h
as g
ood
qual
ity-l
evel
vis
ual,
tem
pera
ture
, and
soun
d co
ntro
ls a
nd p
rope
r in
teri
or f
inis
hes
for
safe
ty, a
ttrac
-tiv
enes
s, a
nd e
duca
tiona
l use
fuln
ess.
Vis
ual C
ontr
ol.A
ligh
ting
syst
em s
houl
d be
cho
sen
to m
eet
the
requ
irem
ents
of
the
job
to b
e do
ne. T
wo
cons
ider
atio
nssh
ould
be
uppe
rmos
t in
the
min
ds o
f th
e pl
anne
rs: (
1) W
illit
allo
w p
upils
and
teac
hers
to s
ee w
ithou
t dis
trac
tion?
and
(2)
Doe
s th
e ap
pear
ance
of
the
inst
alla
tion
fit t
he a
rchi
tect
-ur
al d
esig
n? T
o m
eet t
hese
con
ditio
ns, i
ndus
tria
l art
s la
bo-
rato
ries
use
bot
h na
tura
l and
art
ific
ial l
ight
ing.
NA
TU
RA
L L
IGH
TIN
G
Win
dow
s, s
ky d
omes
, and
cle
rest
orie
s ar
e th
e so
urce
sof
natu
ral l
ight
ing.
Win
dow
s w
ith h
igh
sills
from
5 to
7 f
eet
from
the
floo
r ar
e re
com
men
ded
by m
any
teac
hers
to p
reve
ntgl
are
on w
ork
area
s an
d to
pro
vide
spa
ce u
nder
the
win
dow
sfo
r st
orag
e, m
achi
nes,
and
oth
er e
quip
men
t.N
orth
and
eas
tlig
ht s
houl
d be
pla
nned
for
whe
neve
r po
ssib
le.
The
tren
d in
curr
ent s
choo
l con
stru
ctio
n to
war
d le
ssw
indo
w s
pace
in o
ut-
side
wal
ls o
f ac
adem
ic c
lass
room
s an
d la
bora
tori
essh
ould
plea
se p
lann
ers
of in
dust
rial
art
s fa
cilit
ies
in v
iew
of th
eir
need
for
wal
l spa
ce.
Dom
e an
d cl
eres
tory
ligh
ting
are
less
com
mon
ly f
ound
than
outs
ide
wal
l win
dow
s. W
here
they
are
use
d, it
is r
ecom
men
ded
that
low
-tra
nsm
issi
on g
lass
or
plas
tic b
e in
stal
led
to p
reve
ntgl
are
and
exce
ssiv
e he
at f
rom
the
sun.
Sky
dom
es s
houl
d ha
vese
aled
inne
r an
d ou
ter
dom
es, o
ne c
lear
and
the
othe
r w
hite
or
fros
ted,
to p
rovi
de b
ette
r lig
ht d
iffu
sion
and
to e
limin
ate
con-
dens
atio
n pr
oble
ms.
Nat
ural
ligh
ting
may
als
o be
intr
oduc
ed in
to th
e la
bora
tory
by p
rovi
ding
an
abov
e-ce
iling
cav
ity th
at a
llow
s su
nlig
ht to
diff
use
into
the
room
thro
ugh
a tr
ahsl
ucen
t or
low
ered
cei
ling.
AR
TIF
ICIA
L L
IGH
TIN
GA
rtif
icia
l lig
htin
g sy
stem
s sh
ould
pro
vide
a u
nifo
rm d
istr
i-bu
tion
of s
hado
w-f
ree,
gla
re-f
ree
illum
inat
ion
that
con
form
sto
ado
pted
sta
ndar
ds.1
Art
ific
ial l
ight
ing
for
the
indu
stri
alar
ts d
epar
tmen
t sho
uld
equa
l tha
t rec
omm
ende
d fo
rac
adem
iccl
assr
oom
s; h
owev
er, f
or d
raft
ing,
whe
re p
reci
sion
wor
k is
carr
ied
on, l
ight
ing
inte
nsity
sho
uld
be in
crea
sed.
Gen
eral
artif
icia
l lig
htin
g sh
ould
be
by in
dire
ct o
r se
mi-
indi
rect
fix
-tu
res,
inca
ndes
cent
or
fluo
resc
ent,
the
latte
r pr
ovid
ed w
ith b
al-
last
s ha
ving
a lo
w n
oise
leve
l. G
ener
al li
ghtin
g sh
ould
be
Am
eric
an S
tand
ard
Gui
de f
or S
choo
l Lig
htin
g. A
man
ual p
repa
red
join
tly b
y th
e A
mer
ican
Ins
titut
e of
Arc
hite
cts,
the
Illu
min
atin
g E
n-gi
neer
ing
Soci
ety,
and
the
Nat
iona
l Cou
ncil
on S
choo
lhou
se C
onst
ru-
tion.
New
Yor
k: I
llum
inat
ing
Eng
inee
ring
Soc
iety
, 196
2.
supp
lem
ente
d w
ith a
dditi
onal
loca
l lig
htin
g on
mac
hine
s an
din
are
as w
here
pre
cisi
on w
ork
is d
one.
Lig
htin
g an
dfi
xtur
esfo
r th
e fi
nish
ing
room
, dar
kroo
m, a
nd d
ispl
ay a
reas
shou
ldm
eet t
he s
peci
al n
eeds
of
thes
e ar
eas.
Col
ors,
dis
cuss
ed in
ala
ter
sect
ion,
hav
e gr
eat i
nflu
ence
on
light
ing.
Res
earc
h st
udie
s sh
ow th
at:
* Fi
fty
to s
ixty
foo
t-ca
ndle
s of
ligh
t are
nec
essa
ry a
tbe
nch
heig
ht.
* Fl
uore
scen
t lig
htin
g is
rec
omm
ende
d fo
r in
dust
rial
art
sla
bora
tori
es.
Tem
pera
ture
Con
trol
s, V
entil
atio
n, a
nd E
xhau
sts.
Mai
n-ta
inin
g th
e pr
oper
ther
mal
env
iron
men
t is
an im
port
ant f
acto
rin
the
mos
t pro
duct
ive
use
of ti
me
and
spac
e. T
he c
ondi
tion
of th
e ai
r an
d th
e su
rfac
e te
mpe
ratu
re in
the
depa
rtm
ent
affe
ct th
e ph
ysic
al a
nd m
enta
l com
fort
of
pupi
ls a
nd th
eir
effi
cien
cy in
lear
ning
.T
he te
mpe
ratu
re le
vel r
equi
red
in in
dust
rial
art
s la
bora
-to
ries
sho
uld
be d
eter
min
ed b
y th
e ac
tiviti
es c
arri
ed o
n. W
here
the
activ
ities
are
vig
orou
s, th
e te
mpe
ratu
re m
ay r
ange
fro
m60
to 7
0 de
gree
s F.
; but
in a
reas
whe
re a
ctiv
ities
are
mod
erat
e,it
may
be
from
68
to 7
2 de
gree
s F.
, mea
sure
d 5
feet
abo
ve th
efl
oor.
Lab
orat
orie
s w
ith f
urna
ces,
wel
ders
, and
oth
er h
eat-
prod
ucin
g eq
uipm
ent m
ay r
equi
re le
ss h
eat.
In th
e po
wer
mec
hani
cs o
r tr
ansp
orta
tion
labo
rato
ry w
here
larg
e ov
erhe
addo
ors
may
rem
ain
open
a p
erio
d of
tim
e, e
spec
ially
dur
ing
win
ter
mon
ths
in c
olde
r cl
imat
es, a
qui
ck h
eat r
espo
nse
isne
eded
. Con
trol
s w
hich
can
be
conv
enie
ntly
reg
ulat
ed s
houl
dbe
pro
vide
d.R
elat
ive
hum
idity
in a
labo
rato
ry m
ust b
e ca
refu
lly c
on-
trol
led
at a
bout
45
perc
ent t
o pr
even
t the
sur
face
oxi
datio
n of
tool
s an
d m
achi
nes,
the
open
ing
of jo
inte
d w
ood
tops
, or
the
curl
ing
of p
aper
in a
gra
phic
art
s la
bora
tory
.
39
Pro
per
envi
ronm
enta
l con
trol
may
be
achi
eved
thro
ugh
the
use
of h
oods
, ove
rhea
d an
d un
der-
the-
floor
pip
es,
and
duct
s.
Lar
ge w
indo
w a
reas
in o
utsi
de w
alls
can
cau
se s
olar
hea
t to
vary
wid
ely,
hig
h w
hen
the
sun
is s
hini
ng a
nd lo
w w
hen
the
sun
is n
ot s
hini
ng. T
he u
se o
f la
rge
area
s of
gla
ss is
bei
ngqu
estio
ned
as m
ore
scho
ols,
bec
ause
of
thei
r lo
catio
n an
d th
ein
crea
sed
use
of th
eir
faci
litie
s du
ring
the
sum
mer
mon
ths,
cons
ider
air
con
ditio
ning
. Lab
orat
orie
s w
ith w
est a
nd s
outh
orie
ntat
ions
, par
ticul
arly
in s
outh
ern
Stat
es, s
houl
d ha
ve o
ut-
side
wal
l win
dow
s of
low
-tra
nsm
issi
Gn
glas
s to
impr
ove
the
perf
orm
ance
of
air
cond
ition
ing
syst
ems.
A c
aref
ully
con
trol
led
atm
osph
ere
in c
lass
room
s pr
even
tsst
ress
, str
ain,
and
fat
igue
on
pupi
ls a
nd te
ache
rs a
like
and
impr
oves
bot
h th
e in
stru
ctio
n an
d le
arni
ng. A
ir c
ondi
tioni
ngca
n be
of
maj
or b
enef
it du
ring
day
, eve
ning
, and
sum
mer
pro
-gr
ams.
In
addi
tion,
thos
e te
ache
rs w
ho a
lrea
dy h
ave
air-
cond
ition
ed f
acili
ties
indi
cate
that
the
air
is c
lean
er a
nd le
sshu
mid
, res
ultin
g in
red
uced
equ
ipm
ent m
aint
enan
ce a
ndre
plac
emen
t cos
ts.
40
A v
entil
atio
n sy
stem
sho
uld
prov
ide
fres
h ai
r co
nsta
ntly
,es
peci
ally
in s
mal
l or
clos
ed s
pace
s, s
uch
as th
e pl
anni
ng a
reas
,te
ache
r's o
ffic
e, d
arkr
oom
, and
fin
ishi
ng r
oom
.Sp
ecia
l exh
aust
ven
tilat
ing
faci
litie
s ar
e ne
eded
in th
e in
-du
stri
al a
rts
labo
rato
ry. F
or e
xam
ple,
fum
e an
d sm
oke
hood
ssh
ould
be
prov
ided
in th
e m
etal
s la
bora
tory
in th
e ho
t met
als
and
sold
erin
g ar
eas,
fin
ishi
ng r
oom
, and
dar
kroo
m. U
nder
-fl
oor
forc
ed a
ir e
xhau
sts
to r
emov
e fu
mes
fro
m g
as-p
ower
edeq
uipm
ent a
re e
ssen
tial.
A d
ust a
nd c
hip
colle
ctio
n sy
stem
,ei
ther
und
erfl
oor
or o
verh
ead,
is d
esir
able
for
woo
dwor
king
mac
hine
ry f
or th
e he
alth
of
both
teac
her
and
pupi
ls. A
fle
x-ib
le h
ose
conn
ectio
n fr
om th
e eq
uipm
ent t
o th
e sy
stem
not
only
red
uces
the
nois
e le
vel b
ut a
lso
perm
its g
reat
er f
lexi
bilit
yin
loca
ting
the
mac
hine
ry. C
apac
ity, f
lexi
bilit
y, n
oise
leve
l,an
d ea
se o
f m
aint
enan
ce s
houl
d be
con
side
red
in th
e se
lect
ion
of e
xhau
st a
nd c
olle
ctio
n sy
stem
. Loc
aliz
ed s
witc
hes
and
con-
trol
s fo
r th
ese
faci
litie
s sh
ould
be
prov
ided
.
Soun
d C
ontr
ol.M
any
nois
e-pr
oduc
ing
activ
ities
are
carr
ied
on in
the
indu
stri
al a
rts
depa
rtm
ent.
The
se m
ay b
ecom
e di
s-tr
actin
g to
pup
ils a
nd te
ache
rs b
oth
in th
e de
part
men
tits
elf
and
in o
ther
dep
artm
ents
nea
rby.
The
refo
re, a
dequ
ate
nois
e
trea
tmen
t and
inte
rcep
tion
mus
t be
prov
ided
. Bec
ause
doo
rsar
e so
met
imes
left
ope
n,th
e la
bora
tory
is o
ften
pla
nned
so
that
ope
ning
s ar
e aw
ay f
rom
aca
dem
ic c
lass
room
s,lib
rari
es,
and
othe
r qu
iet a
ctiv
ity a
reas
.T
he ty
pe o
f co
nstr
uctio
n m
ater
ials
nee
ded
for
adeq
uate
soun
d in
terc
eptio
n is
gen
eral
ly s
ugge
sted
by
acou
stic
alen
gi-
neer
s an
d ar
chite
cts,
who
als
o de
term
ine
whe
re a
bsor
ptio
nm
ater
ials
are
to b
e pl
aced
in th
e la
bora
tory
. Lim
iting
nois
e-
trea
tmen
t mat
eria
ls s
uch
as a
cous
tical
tile
to th
e ce
liing
is a
com
mon
fau
lt. S
peci
alat
tent
ion
to s
ound
con
trol
sho
uld
begi
ven
to (
1) a
n en
clos
ed p
lann
ing
area
, if
used
, bet
wee
nth
ein
stru
ctor
's o
ffic
e an
d th
e m
ain
labo
rato
ry; (
2) th
e ba
ses
and
feet
of
rota
ting,
vib
ratin
g, a
nd im
pact
mac
hine
ry a
ndeq
uip-
men
t; an
d (3
) a
liste
ning
are
a in
the
elec
tron
ics
labo
rato
ry,
espe
cial
ly in
the
amat
eur
radi
o ro
om.
Fini
shes
and
Col
ors.
Too
oft
en, b
ecau
se o
f its
act
iviti
es, a
nar
chite
ct o
r pl
anni
ng c
omm
ittee
may
igno
re a
esth
etic
fea
ture
sof
the
indu
stri
al a
rts
depa
rtm
ent.
For
exam
ple,
bea
ms,
col-
umns
, and
oth
er s
truc
tura
lel
emen
ts n
ot o
nly
supp
ly th
esk
elet
on o
f an
indu
stri
al a
rts
depa
rtm
ent b
ut m
ay a
lso
have
abe
auty
of
thei
r ow
n if
the
arch
itect
con
side
rs u
nity
and
pro
-po
rtio
n in
the
desi
gn.
Atte
ntio
n sh
ould
be
give
n to
sur
face
fin
ishe
s on
wal
ls, w
ood-
wor
k, f
urni
ture
, and
equ
ipm
ent.
Furn
iture
of
a ne
utra
l col
orw
ith a
non
glar
e fi
nish
is o
ften
use
d. G
loss
y su
rfac
es s
houl
d be
elim
inat
ed in
ord
er to
avo
id d
istu
rbin
g hi
ghlig
hts.
Sem
iglo
ssy
surf
aces
sho
uld
be d
isco
urag
ed; h
owev
er, t
hey
are
som
etim
esse
en b
elow
eye
leve
l for
are
asw
here
fre
quen
t cle
anin
g is
nece
ssar
y.Pa
int f
inis
hes
are
gene
rally
fla
t or
mat
te o
n al
l int
erio
rsu
rfac
es a
t eye
leve
l. T
he w
alls
obs
erve
d in
man
y la
bora
tori
esw
ere
gree
n, th
e ce
iling
s w
hite
, and
the
floo
rs g
ray
or a
nat
ural
fini
sh. T
hese
col
ors
seem
ed to
be
aest
hetic
ally
and
psy
chol
ogi-
cally
sui
tabl
e. T
rim
is o
ften
fin
ishe
d w
ith a
40
to60
per
cent
refl
ectio
n fa
ctor
pai
nt; d
esks
and
equ
ipm
ent,
30 to
50
perc
ent;
floo
rs, 3
0 to
40
perc
ent;
and
chal
kboa
rds,
20
to 2
5 pe
rcen
t.C
olor
can
des
troy
or
reaf
firm
the
beau
ty o
f a
build
ingi
tsun
ity, i
ts p
ropo
rtio
n, a
nd th
e se
emin
g fl
ow o
f sp
ace.
How
ever
,its
psy
chol
ogic
al e
ffec
t on
pupi
ls m
ust b
e co
nsid
ered
. For
ex-
ampl
e, g
reen
s, a
quam
arin
es, a
nd b
lues
app
ear
to b
e re
stfu
l,w
hile
red
s ar
e st
imul
atin
g, y
ello
w e
xhila
ratin
g, a
nd s
ome
brow
ns a
nd g
rays
dep
ress
ing.
Col
or c
an b
e us
ed to
iden
tify
dang
er z
ones
. Nor
ther
n ro
oms
can
be b
enef
ited
by w
arm
colo
rs; w
arm
exp
osur
es, b
y co
ol c
olor
s. T
he f
ram
es o
f m
a-ch
ines
sho
uld
be o
f ne
utra
l sha
des
(gra
y or
gre
en w
as o
bser
ved
quite
oft
en d
urin
g sc
hool
vis
its).
Lig
ht w
ill p
rovi
de m
axim
umvi
sibi
lity
at c
ritic
al p
oint
son
a m
etal
lath
e, f
or e
xam
plef
orea
se in
rea
ding
mea
suri
ng in
stru
men
ts.
Scho
ol in
dust
rial
art
sla
bora
tori
es a
nd d
raw
ing
room
s pa
inte
d "e
ye-r
est g
reen
". w
ere
attr
activ
e an
d pr
actic
al. O
ther
col
ors
in c
omm
on u
se f
or s
afet
ypu
rpos
es a
re:
fire
pro
tect
ionr
ed; s
afet
ygre
en; v
isib
ility
yello
w; t
raff
icw
hite
, gra
y, o
r bl
ack;
ale
rtor
ange
; and
pre
-ca
utio
nblu
e.Sa
fety
and
Hea
lth C
once
rns.
A s
choo
l boa
rd m
ust p
rovi
dean
d m
aint
ain
scho
ol f
acili
ties
whi
ch s
afeg
uard
the
life
and
heal
th o
f pu
pils
, tea
cher
s, a
nd o
ther
per
sons
who
ent
er th
esc
hool
pla
nt. T
he s
choo
l boa
rd a
nd s
choo
l per
sonn
el a
re a
lso
resp
onsi
ble
for
pres
ervi
ng a
nd p
rote
ctin
g sc
hool
pro
pert
y.T
he f
ollo
win
g is
a c
heck
list o
f pr
ecau
tions
on
safe
ty a
ndhe
alth
whi
ch p
lann
ers
of in
dust
rial
art
s la
bora
tori
es s
houl
dke
ep in
min
d as
they
dev
elop
spe
cifi
catio
ns:
1. A
re s
uffi
cien
t fir
e ex
tingu
ishe
rs, o
f th
e pr
oper
type
and
cons
picu
ousl
y m
arke
d, lo
cate
d ne
ar d
ange
r ar
eas
in e
ach
labo
rato
ry?
2.Is
a f
irst
-aid
kit
prov
ided
for
em
erge
ncy
use
only
?
3. A
re a
ll se
ctio
ns o
f th
e la
bora
tory
cle
arly
vis
ible
to th
ein
stru
ctor
fro
m a
ny p
oint
?
41
4. A
re m
achi
nes
loca
ted
so th
at n
eith
er th
e op
erat
or n
orot
her
pupi
ls a
re in
dir
ect l
ine
of d
ange
r?5.
Is s
paci
ng b
etw
een
benc
hes,
mac
hine
ry, a
nd o
ther
equ
ip-
men
t suf
fici
enil
for
pupi
ls' s
afet
y an
d fr
ee p
assa
ge?
6. A
re s
uppl
ies
so a
rran
ged
that
pup
ils c
an o
btai
n th
emsa
fely
and
eff
icie
ntly
?7.
Are
ope
n fl
oor
spac
es p
rovi
ded
near
ent
ranc
es a
nd e
xits
to e
limin
ate
cong
estio
n?8.
Are
non
skid
sur
face
s pr
ovid
ed a
t the
ope
rato
r's p
ositi
onne
ar m
achi
nes?
9. A
re a
ll fl
oors
fin
ishe
d so
as
to r
educ
e th
e da
nger
of
slip
-pi
ng?
10. A
re o
pera
tors
' saf
ety
zone
s at
mac
hine
s de
sign
ated
on
the
floo
r by
pai
nted
line
s or
in s
ome
othe
r w
ay?
11.
Is a
veh
icle
hoi
st in
stea
d of
a p
it us
ed in
a p
ower
mec
han-
ics
labo
rato
ry?
12. A
re e
xhau
st f
ans
for
fum
es, s
mok
e, a
nd o
ther
toxi
c od
ors
suff
icie
ntly
larg
e to
elim
inat
e ha
zard
s?13
.Is
a c
olle
ctio
n sy
stem
pro
vide
d fo
r m
achi
nes
to f
ree
the
air
of d
ust o
r ot
her
cont
amin
ants
?14
. Are
mac
hine
s pr
oper
ly g
roun
ded
and
fuse
d in
divi
dual
ly?
15. A
re p
anic
but
tons
str
ateg
ical
ly lo
cate
d in
labo
rato
ries
whe
re h
azar
dous
mac
hine
s ar
e us
ed?
16. A
re e
lect
rica
l fac
ilitie
s in
a f
inis
hing
roo
m a
ppro
ved
for
the
purp
ose
inte
nded
?
42
17. A
re f
luor
esce
nt tu
bes
and
inca
ndes
cent
lam
ps p
rope
rly
shie
lded
?
18. A
re s
urfa
ce f
inis
hes
on w
alls
and
cei
lings
gla
re-f
ree
but
dura
ble?
19. A
re c
halk
boar
ds a
dur
able
, res
tful
col
or w
itha
low
ligh
tre
flec
tor
fact
or?
20.
Is th
e la
bora
tory
arr
ange
men
t des
igne
d fo
r go
od h
ouse
-ke
epin
g as
wel
l as
for
flex
ibili
ty a
nd f
unct
ion?
21. A
re w
indo
ws
plac
ed h
igh
enou
gh to
elim
inat
eor
red
uce
glar
e to
a m
inim
um?
22. A
re a
dequ
ate
was
hing
and
toile
t fac
ilitie
s pr
ovid
ed?
23. A
re a
ll ga
s, w
ater
, and
air
line
s eq
uipp
ed w
ith s
huto
ffva
lves
in th
e la
bora
tory
?24
. Are
labo
rato
ries
aco
ustic
ally
trea
ted
for
cont
rol o
f no
ise,
and
are
prov
isio
ns m
ade
for
redu
cing
noi
se tr
ansm
issi
onth
roug
h fl
oors
, wal
ls, a
nd/o
r co
lum
ns?
25. A
re c
lear
ly d
efin
ed a
isle
s pr
ovid
ed f
or s
afe
egre
ss f
rom
the
labo
rato
ry o
r fr
om o
ne s
ectio
n to
ano
ther
?26
.Is
the
floo
r in
the
hot m
etal
s ar
ea f
irep
rcof
?
27. A
re c
oncr
ete
floo
rs s
eale
d an
d ha
rden
ed to
kee
p du
stat
a m
inim
um w
hen
they
are
bei
ng c
lean
ed?
28. H
ave
floo
r dr
ains
bee
n pr
ovid
ed to
rem
ove
wat
er o
r ot
her
liqui
ds in
the
pow
er m
echa
nics
labo
rato
ry?
CH
APT
ER
VI
Sum
mar
y an
d R
ecom
men
datio
ns
TH
IS P
UB
LIC
AT
ION
HA
S PR
ESE
NT
ED
AN
APP
RO
AC
H to
func
-
tiona
l pla
nnin
g of
indu
stri
al a
rts
faci
litie
s. T
his
chap
ter
sum
mar
izes
the
mai
n id
eas
unde
r tw
ohe
adin
gsG
ener
alG
uide
lines
whi
ch a
re r
elev
ant t
o al
lph
ases
of
indu
stri
al a
rts
and
Spec
ific
Gui
delin
es w
hich
curr
icul
um p
lann
ers
can
use
as a
n ev
alua
tive
inst
rum
ent t
o m
ake
indi
vidu
al ju
dgm
ents
on
spec
ific
fac
ilitie
s. I
n th
e fi
nal s
ectio
n,R
ecom
men
datio
ns f
orIm
prov
ing
Indu
stri
al A
rts
Edu
catio
n, th
esp
ecia
list f
or in
dus-
tria
l art
s ha
s at
tem
pted
to e
xtra
ctm
eani
ngs
from
the
data
pres
ente
d an
d to
sug
gest
way
s to
stre
ngth
en in
dust
rial
art
sin
stru
ctio
n in
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es.
Gen
eral
Gui
delin
esT
he f
ollo
win
g ge
nera
l gui
delin
es m
ay s
ugge
st s
ome
basi
c
plan
ning
idea
s fo
r cr
eatin
g fu
nctio
nal
indu
stri
al a
rts
faci
litie
s:
* Sp
ace
and
faci
litie
s sh
ould
be
desi
gned
so
as to
enc
our-
age
effe
ctiv
e in
stru
ctio
n at
both
the
elem
enta
ry a
nd th
ese
cond
ary
scho
ol le
vels
. Wel
l-pl
anne
dfa
cilit
ies
that
assi
st te
ache
rs to
per
form
thei
r ta
sks
safe
lyan
d w
ith a
min
imum
of
lost
tim
e an
d ef
fort
are
req
uisi
te to
a p
ro-
gram
whi
ch a
ttem
pts
toch
arac
teri
ze m
oder
n in
dust
ry.
* Sp
ace
and
equi
pmen
t mus
t be
flex
ible
toac
com
mod
ate
a va
riet
y of
act
iviti
es a
ndle
arni
ng e
xper
ienc
es f
or la
rge
and
smal
l gro
ups
of s
tude
nts
in d
ay a
nd e
veni
ngcl
asse
s,
and
teac
hing
tech
niqu
es u
niqu
e to
indu
stri
al a
rts.
* E
ffec
tive
use
of e
lect
roni
c an
d m
echa
nica
lte
achi
ngai
dssu
ch a
spr
ojec
tors
,re
cord
ers,
moc
kups
, and
othe
r de
vice
swill
dep
end
larg
ely
upon
thei
r ac
cess
i-
bilit
y an
d st
orag
e.*
Faci
litie
s se
lect
ed m
ust p
rovi
defo
r th
e ph
ysic
al d
iffe
r-en
ces,
suc
h as
pup
ils's
tren
gth,
coo
rdin
atio
n an
d co
ntro
l,
and
heig
ht.
* A
n at
mos
pher
e an
d se
tting
cond
uciv
e to
the
heal
th a
ndsa
fety
of
pupi
lsin
volv
ing
vent
ilatio
n,th
erm
al a
nd a
irco
nditi
onin
g, li
ghtin
g, a
nd c
olor
cond
ition
ings
houl
dre
ceiv
e ca
refu
l con
side
ratio
n.*
Spac
e fo
r pl
anni
ng, r
esea
rch,
dem
onst
ratio
n, a
nd th
eus
e of
inst
ruct
iona
lm
edia
and
res
ourc
es is
impe
rativ
e.
* A
dequ
ate
but f
lexi
ble
elec
tric
alse
rvic
e sh
ould
be
pro-
vide
d to
per
mit
rear
rang
emen
t of
equi
pmen
t as
dic-
tate
d by
the
need
s of
the
prog
ram
.*
Spac
e an
d fa
cilit
ies
shou
ld b
ede
sign
ed to
ful
fill
cur-
rent
cur
ricu
lum
nee
ds b
utfl
exib
le e
noug
h to
ada
pt to
chan
ging
req
uire
men
ts a
nd f
utur
e ne
eds.
* T
he p
ropo
sed
phys
ical
set
ting
and
its d
esig
n sh
ould
be
such
that
an
arch
itect
can
rea
dily
inco
rpor
ate
it in
the
over
all b
uild
ing
plan
s.*
Eff
icie
nt a
nd c
onve
nien
t spa
ce f
or th
e st
orag
eof
tool
s,eq
uipm
ent,
supp
lies,
mat
eria
ls, a
s w
ell a
spu
pils
' pro
j-ec
ts in
var
ious
sta
ges
ofco
mpl
etio
n is
man
dato
ry.
* Sp
ace
for
the
free
flo
w o
f tr
affi
c w
ith e
asy
mov
emen
tw
ithin
the
room
, to
and
from
sto
rage
com
part
men
tsan
d w
ork
stat
ions
, and
for
acc
ess
to th
e sc
hool
grou
nds
mus
t be
cons
ider
ed.
43
Spec
ific
Gui
delin
es
In a
dditi
on to
the
prec
edin
g ge
nera
l gui
delin
es f
or p
lann
ing
indu
stri
alar
tsfa
cilit
ies,
the
follo
win
gsp
ecif
ic g
uide
lines
glea
ned
from
the
rese
arch
and
dis
cuss
ions
with
teac
hers
, pla
n-ne
rs, a
nd a
rchi
tect
s m
ay b
e us
ed a
s a
chec
klis
tfo
r ev
alua
ting
a sp
ecif
ic p
lan.
Eac
h gu
idel
ine
is in
the
form
of
a qu
estio
n,fo
llow
ed in
som
e ca
ses
by a
sta
tem
ent t
o he
lp th
e ev
alua
tor
dete
rmin
e w
heth
er o
r no
t thi
s sp
ecif
ic g
uide
line
is a
chie
ved.
A r
atin
g sc
ale
from
1 to
5 c
an b
e de
velo
ped
and
used
for
eac
hqu
estio
n. F
or e
xam
ple,
a 1
rat
ing
can
mea
n lo
w in
ach
ieve
-m
ent;
a 5,
hig
h.D
o th
e ed
ucat
iona
l spe
cifi
catio
ns c
lear
ly id
entif
y th
e ob
jec-
tives
to b
e ac
hiev
ed a
nd th
e in
stru
ctio
nal c
onte
nt to
be
taug
ht?
Exa
min
e ca
refu
lly th
e st
ated
obj
ectiv
es a
nd th
e re
latio
nshi
pof
the
topi
cs, c
once
pts,
or
units
of
stud
y to
be
taug
ht in
the
indu
stri
al a
rts
prog
ram
. The
pri
nted
Sta
te o
r lo
cal c
urri
culu
mgu
ide
is o
f in
valu
able
ass
ista
nce
in th
is ta
sk.
Is th
e in
stru
ctio
nal r
esou
rce
area
cen
tral
ly lo
cate
d? V
ario
ussu
pple
men
tal i
nstr
uctio
nal m
ater
ials
sho
uld
be w
ithin
eas
yac
cess
of
stud
ents
. The
inst
ruct
iona
l res
ourc
e or
pla
nnin
g ar
ea,
or d
epar
tmen
tal l
ibra
ry s
houl
d be
com
e a
foca
l poi
nt in
the
indu
stri
al a
rts
labo
rato
ry to
stim
ulat
e le
arni
ng. D
ispl
ay s
pace
ssh
ould
abo
und
in th
is a
rea.
Is th
e la
bora
tory
aco
ustic
ally
trea
ted?
Not
onl
y sh
ould
the
ceili
ngs
be tr
eate
d w
ith s
ound
abs
orpt
ion
mat
eria
l, bu
t vib
rat-
ing-
type
mac
hine
s w
here
ver
poss
ible
sho
uld
have
sou
nd-
abso
rbin
g m
ater
ial l
ocat
ed b
etw
een
the
base
of
the
mac
hine
and
the
floo
r.A
re to
ol p
anel
s co
nven
ient
ly lo
cate
d? S
tori
ng c
omm
on to
ols
near
whe
re th
ey a
re u
sed
mos
t oft
en k
eeps
unn
eces
sary
stu
-de
nt m
ovem
ent a
bout
the
labo
rato
ry a
t a m
inim
um.
Are
bul
ky m
ater
ials
suc
h as
woo
d an
d m
etal
sto
red
near
the
rece
ivin
g po
int i
n th
e la
bora
tory
? V
ertic
al s
tora
ge a
reas
are
effe
ctiv
e fo
r lu
mbe
r or
met
al b
ecau
se o
f th
e ea
se in
han
dlin
glo
ng p
iece
s, a
nd o
ften
this
met
hod
of s
tori
ng c
onse
rves
spa
ce.
44
Are
ther
e ad
equa
te s
tora
ge s
pace
s fo
r st
uden
ts' p
roje
cts
and
expe
rim
enta
l wor
k? C
onsi
der
the
stor
age
spac
e ne
eds
for
othe
rgr
oups
usi
ng th
e fa
cilit
ies,
suc
h as
adu
lt re
crea
tiona
l cla
sses
and
yout
h cl
ubs.
Sep
arat
e st
orag
e ro
oms
for
indi
vidu
al c
lass
esar
e of
ten
used
.Is
spa
ce f
or s
tude
nts'
per
sona
l bel
ongi
ngs
adeq
uate
and
conv
enie
nt?
Indi
vidu
al m
aste
r-ke
yed
lock
ers
unde
r be
nche
sar
e an
eff
ectiv
e st
orag
e m
etho
d us
ed in
man
y la
bora
tori
es.
Ope
n sh
elvi
ng n
ear
the
mai
n en
tran
ce is
als
o us
ed.
Can
the
labo
rato
ry b
e da
rken
ed f
or s
peci
al in
stru
ctio
nal
med
ia?
Som
etim
es a
spe
cial
roo
m o
r th
e pl
anni
ng c
ente
r is
used
as
an a
udio
visu
al a
rea.
Hav
e an
ade
quat
e ex
haus
t and
a d
ust-
proo
f ar
ea b
een
in-
stal
led
for
fini
shin
g ac
tiviti
es?
Spec
ial a
ttent
ion
shou
ld b
egi
ven
to th
is s
pace
to r
etar
d th
e sp
read
of
fire
.Is
the
dark
room
loca
ted
near
the
grap
hic
arts
and
oth
ervi
sual
com
mun
icat
ion
activ
ities
?A
re th
e di
spla
y fa
cilit
ies
loca
ted
in th
e la
bora
tory
and
inth
e sc
hool
bui
ldin
g in
pro
min
ent l
ocat
ions
? E
xhib
iting
stu
-de
nts'
wor
k in
rec
esse
d lig
hted
dis
play
cas
es n
ear
the
labo
rato
ryan
d/or
in s
choo
l cor
rido
rs p
rovi
des
an e
ffec
tive
mea
ns to
reco
gniz
e ou
tsta
ndin
g st
uden
ts' w
ork
and
to h
elp
info
rm th
efa
culty
and
oth
ers
abou
t the
lear
ning
act
iviti
es o
f th
e de
part
-m
ent.
Are
toile
t fac
ilitie
s ne
arby
? B
oth
mal
e an
d fe
mal
e fa
cilit
ies
shou
ld b
e co
nsid
ered
.A
re a
isle
s an
d sp
ace
betw
een
mac
hine
s ad
equa
te?
The
are
asdi
rect
ly in
fro
nt o
f la
rge
tool
pan
els
and
asse
mbl
y ar
eas
for
larg
e co
nstr
uctio
n pi
eces
nee
d ad
equa
te s
pace
too.
Are
the
indu
stri
al a
rts
depa
rtm
ent f
acili
ties
loca
ted
near
othe
r sc
hool
dep
artm
ents
with
whi
ch th
ey h
ave
clos
e in
stru
c-tio
nal r
elat
ions
hips
?T
he in
dust
rial
art
s de
part
men
t sho
uld
be lo
cate
d on
the
outs
ide
sect
ion
of th
e sc
hool
com
plex
nea
r th
e sc
ienc
e an
dho
me
econ
omic
s de
part
men
ts o
r ot
her
rela
ted
depa
rtm
ents
.
Are
the
num
ber
and
type
of
phys
ical
faci
litie
s ad
equa
te f
orth
e sc
hool
? A
rriv
ing
at th
e nu
mbe
ran
d ty
pe o
f fa
cilit
ies
for
the
indu
stri
al a
rts
depa
rtm
ent i
s a
com
plex
pro
blem
. Som
e of
the
vari
able
s to
con
side
r ar
e th
eto
tal n
umbe
r of
pup
ils in
the
scho
ol, c
lass
siz
e, tr
ends
and
enr
ollm
ents
, cos
ts,
and
the
dept
han
d br
eadt
h of
the
inst
ruct
iona
l pro
gram
.T
he s
choo
l enr
oll-
men
t siz
e us
ually
is th
e m
ajor
dete
rmin
er.
Is th
e ov
eral
l spa
ce a
dequ
ate
for
the
mai
n la
bora
tory
are
a?E
xclu
sive
of
auxi
liary
fac
ilitie
s, th
e tr
end
in r
ecen
t yea
rsis
tow
ard
incr
easi
ng th
e sq
uare
foo
t are
as o
fin
dust
rial
art
s la
bo-
rato
ries
. Exa
mpl
es o
f au
xilia
ry s
pace
not
incl
uded
in th
e m
ain
labo
rato
ry a
refi
nish
ing
room
s, s
epar
ate
clas
sroo
ms,
and
stor
age
room
s.Is
the
shap
e an
d he
ight
of
the
labo
rato
ryad
equa
te?
Al-
thou
gh r
esea
rch
repo
rts
reco
mm
end
the
shap
e to
be 1
:11/
4 to
1:2
and
the
ceili
ng h
eigh
t fro
m 1
2 to
14
feet
,ex
peri
men
tatio
nw
ith n
ew s
hape
s to
mee
t em
ergi
ng s
ubje
ct a
reas
has
mer
it to
o.A
re th
e in
stru
ctio
nal a
spec
ts o
f th
e la
bora
tori
es(i
nter
nal o
rex
tern
al)
func
tiona
lly r
elat
ed?
Con
side
r th
e lo
catio
nof
sub
-je
ct a
reas
whi
ch h
ave
sim
ilar
lear
ning
act
iviti
escl
ose
to o
nean
othe
r, s
uch
as e
lect
rici
ty/e
lect
roni
cs a
nd p
ower
mec
hani
cs.
Is th
e co
nstr
uctio
n of
the
floo
rs a
nd f
loor
sur
face
sad
equa
tefo
r th
e ki
nds
of in
stru
ctio
nal a
ctiv
ities
in th
at a
rea
of th
ela
bora
tory
? Su
bflo
orin
g is
nec
essa
ry f
or a
ncho
ring
and
sup
-po
rtin
g he
avy
mac
hine
ry. F
loor
dra
ins
are
desi
rabl
e an
d a
wat
er h
ose
conn
ectio
n sh
ould
be
loca
ted
near
by.
Are
the
wal
ls m
ade
of m
ater
ial w
hich
can
be
easi
ly c
lean
ed?
Are
ade
quat
e el
ectr
ical
and
oth
er s
ervi
ces
prov
ided
? E
mer
-ge
ncy
disc
onne
ct s
witc
hes
shou
ld b
ein
stal
led
in s
ever
al s
tra-
tegi
c ar
eas.
Res
earc
h re
port
s su
gges
t tha
t 220
-440
vol
t thr
ee-
phas
e an
d 11
0-12
0 vo
lt si
ngle
-pha
se g
roun
ded
syst
ems
shou
ldbe
inst
alle
d to
mee
t pow
er r
equi
rem
ents
of
the
indu
stri
al a
rts
labo
rato
ry.
Is a
dequ
ate
light
ing
prov
ided
? St
udie
s re
latin
g to
this
pro
b-le
m r
ecom
men
d fl
uore
scen
t lig
htin
g fr
om 5
0 to
60
foot
-can
dles
of li
ght a
t the
ben
ch h
eigh
t. C
olor
cond
ition
ing'
of
wal
ls a
nd
mac
hine
ry is
als
o re
com
men
ded.
Are
env
iron
men
tal c
ontr
ols
adeq
uate
?C
onsi
dera
tion
mus
tbe
giv
en to
inju
riou
s ga
ses,
fum
es,
and
dust
. Und
er-f
loor
ex-
haus
t sys
tem
s ar
e re
com
men
ded
for
woo
dwor
king
mac
hine
ry.
Air
con
ditio
ning
can
pro
vide
cle
an a
ndle
ss h
umid
air
, res
ult-
ing
in r
educ
ed e
quip
men
t mai
nten
ance
and
repl
acem
ent c
osts
.H
ave
suff
icie
nt s
afet
y an
d he
alth
prec
autio
ns b
een
take
n?U
se th
e ch
eckl
ist p
rovi
ded
in th
e pr
evio
usch
apte
r to
eva
luat
eth
is a
spec
t of
the
plan
.
Rec
omm
enda
tions
for
Im
prov
ing
Indu
stri
alA
rts
Edu
catio
nT
his
stud
y hi
ghlig
hts
the
inte
rrel
atio
nshi
pof
phi
loso
phy
and
actu
al p
ract
ice.
The
pur
pose
of
anin
dust
rial
art
s pr
ogra
mis
oft
en r
efle
cted
mor
e in
the
phys
ical
set
ting
(too
ls, m
achi
nes,
and
benc
hes)
than
in a
wel
l-w
ritte
nph
iloso
phic
al s
tate
men
tan
d se
t of
obje
ctiv
es. T
his
is s
omet
imes
dram
atic
ally
sho
wn
whe
n a
labo
rato
ry is
fir
st b
uilt
beca
use
the
faci
litie
s pl
ay s
uch
an im
port
ant p
art i
nim
plem
entin
g a
philo
soph
y. A
sta
ted
philo
soph
y on
d ob
ject
ives
are
not
eno
ugh;
the
topi
cs, u
nits
of in
stru
ctio
n, a
nd id
eas
to b
e ta
ught
mus
t be
clea
rly
iden
tifie
d
so th
at th
ey c
anbe
tran
slat
ed in
to a
phy
sica
l set
ting
by th
epl
anne
rs. H
owev
er, s
uch
iden
tific
atio
n is
adi
ffic
ult t
ask,
and
it ta
kes
a w
ell-
trai
ned
spec
ialis
t kno
wle
dgea
ble
in th
e fi
eld
ofin
dust
rial
art
s to
do
it.Si
nce
indi
vidu
al te
ache
rs g
ener
ally
hav
e th
e m
ajor
resp
onsi
-
bilit
y fo
r de
term
inin
g th
e in
stru
ctio
nal p
rogr
amin
a s
choo
l,te
ache
r ed
ucat
ion
inst
itutio
ns s
houl
d pl
ace
mor
eem
phas
is
upon
the
deve
lopm
ent o
fed
ucat
iona
l spe
cifi
catio
ns a
nd th
eir
rela
tions
hip
to f
acili
ties
to c
arry
out
the
philo
soph
yof
the
prog
ram
. Eac
h pr
ospe
ctiv
ete
ache
r sh
ould
hav
e th
e ex
peri
-en
ce o
f w
ritin
g ed
ucat
iona
lsp
ecif
icat
ions
and
des
igni
ng a
ndpl
anni
ng f
unct
iona
l fac
ilitie
s to
impl
emen
t the
edu
catio
nal
spec
ific
atio
ns. R
igor
ous
eval
uatio
ns s
houl
d be
mad
eof
eac
hpr
ospe
ctiv
e te
ache
r's p
lan.
45
TIM
ET
OP
IC, C
OU
RS
E,
CO
NC
EP
T, O
R U
NIT
OF
INS
TR
UC
TIO
N
1.
Ie
,1
I
I
1
SC
HO
OL
LEV
EL
I
Il
I
ME
TH
OD
OF
INS
TR
UC
TIO
N
SE
LEC
TE
D T
YP
ES
OF
SP
EC
IFIC
EQ
UIP
ME
NT
AN
D S
UP
PLI
ES
1
Cha
ngin
g cu
rric
ulum
con
cept
s in
fluen
ce in
stru
ctio
n,eq
uipm
ent,
and
spac
e ne
eds.
If a
n in
divi
dual
indu
stri
al a
rts
teac
her,
sch
ool d
istr
ict,
orSt
ate
depa
rtm
ent o
f ed
ucat
ion
sees
indu
stri
al a
rts
educ
atio
nas
a p
hase
of
gene
ral e
duca
tion
whi
ch (
1) c
ontr
ibut
es s
igni
fi-
cant
ly to
stu
dent
s' u
nder
stan
ding
of
indu
stry
and
tech
nolo
gy,
(2)
help
s st
uden
ts id
entif
y an
d de
velo
p th
eir
inna
te te
ch-
nolo
gica
l tal
ents
, and
(3)
str
engt
hens
thei
r ac
adem
ic s
tudi
es,
then
the
curr
icul
um a
nd f
acili
ties
shou
ld ta
ke o
n th
e fo
rwar
d-th
inki
ng o
utlo
ok o
f th
e in
dust
rial
art
s pr
ofes
sion
. Ind
ustr
ial
arts
sho
uld
build
fro
m it
s pr
esen
t str
uctu
re a
nd b
road
en it
sof
feri
ngs
to r
efle
ct m
an's
tech
nolo
gica
l eff
ort t
o im
prov
e hi
slif
e an
d to
con
trol
and
mod
ify
his
envi
ronm
ent t
o su
it hi
sne
eds.
Eve
n th
e na
me
indu
stri
al a
rts
refl
ects
this
inte
rrel
atio
n-sh
ip. T
he te
rm in
dust
rial
mea
ns in
dust
ry a
nd te
chno
logy
; the
term
art
s, c
reat
ive.
Tog
ethe
r th
e te
rms
sugg
est t
hat m
an is
usin
g hi
s cr
eativ
e ab
ilitie
s to
mod
ify
tech
nolo
gica
lly m
ater
ials
to in
crea
se th
eir
valu
e in
mee
ting
his
need
s an
d w
ants
. A g
ood
indu
stri
al a
rts
educ
atio
n pr
ogra
m s
houl
d re
flec
t thi
s in
ter-
actio
n of
man
's c
ontr
ol o
ver
his
envi
ronm
ent.
Indu
stri
al a
rts
can
be a
s vi
able
, as
dyna
mic
as
man
is in
his
eff
orts
to c
reat
ela
ngua
ge a
nd m
athe
mat
ics,
or
to d
isco
ver
scie
ntif
ic tr
uths
.T
he in
dust
rial
art
s cu
rric
ulum
ove
r th
e ye
ars
has
refl
ecte
dth
is f
orw
ard
thin
king
. The
cur
rent
div
isio
n of
con
tent
of
pow
er m
echa
nics
is a
goo
d ex
ampl
e. T
his
term
is u
sed
toin
dica
te a
sub
ject
, cou
rse,
or
topi
c w
ithin
a c
ours
e. N
ever
the-
less
, pow
er m
echa
nics
trad
ition
ally
ste
ms
from
the
narr
ower
conc
ept o
f au
to m
echa
nics
. The
indu
stri
al a
rts
philo
soph
y an
dne
w d
irec
tion,
how
ever
, hav
e pr
oduc
ed c
hang
es in
the
cour
sew
hich
ref
lect
the
stud
y no
t cal
y of
the
auto
mob
ile a
nd it
sim
pact
on
soci
ety
but a
lso
of o
ther
pow
er u
nits
as
ener
gy-
usin
g de
vice
s, in
clud
ing
mec
hani
sms
whi
ch tr
ansm
it po
wer
henc
e th
e te
rm p
ower
mec
hani
cs.
How
ever
, the
new
er "
cutti
ng e
dge"
phi
loso
phy
fore
cast
s an
even
bro
ader
con
cept
of
this
cou
rse.
The
term
tran
spor
tatio
nor
pow
er a
nd tr
ansp
orta
tion
is e
mer
ging
, whi
ch r
efle
cts
ast
udy
not o
nly
of th
e au
tom
obile
and
oth
er la
nd v
ehic
les
from 47
Dus
tC
olle
ctor
ET
TA
LI*
MA
NU
FA
CT
UR
ING
AN
DC
ON
ST
RU
CT
ION
LAB
OR
AT
OR
Y
rrm
LT
I=
-I-
Indu
stria
l Art
s D
epar
tmen
tW
arre
nsvi
lle H
eigh
ts H
igh
Sch
ool
Cle
vela
nd, O
hio
1111
..11,
Fis
hlik
e
Imm
oonm
Sto
rage
111
Sto
rage
48,
Cor
ridor
Con
fere
nce 0
00
000
Gro
und
Flo
or
New
indu
stria
l art
s cu
rric
ulum
s ca
ll fo
r m
oder
n co
urse
s an
d fa
cilit
ies.
ELE
CT
RO
NIC
SLA
BO
RA
TO
RY
Sec
ond
Flo
or
a te
chno
logi
cal
view
poin
t but
als
o of
oth
er m
odes
of
tran
s-po
rtat
ion,
suc
h as
the
airp
lane
, spa
ceve
hicl
es, a
nd s
hips
whi
ch o
pera
te u
pon
and
bene
ath
the
sea.
Thi
s la
tter
cate
-go
ryoc
eano
grap
hic
vehi
cles
is ju
st b
egin
ning
to c
aptu
reth
eim
agin
atio
n of
som
e in
dust
rial
art
s te
ache
rs a
s a
unit
for
stud
y an
d ex
peri
men
tatio
n.E
ach
topi
c, u
nit o
f in
stru
ctio
n, c
once
pt, o
rid
ea h
as im
pli-
catio
ns f
or th
e ph
ysic
al s
ettin
g. T
he s
ketc
hsh
ows
the
flow
of
idea
s ge
nera
ted
from
the
mai
n to
pic
and
the
impa
ct it
has
on
curr
icul
um d
evel
opm
ent a
nd f
acili
ties.
Not
ice
that
the
narr
owco
ncep
t of
auto
mec
hani
cs d
id n
otin
flue
nce
the
elem
enta
ryor
juni
or h
igh
scho
olcu
rric
ulum
s; h
owev
er, t
he b
road
er c
on-
cept
of
tran
spor
tatio
n is
ref
lect
edfr
om k
inde
rgar
ten
thro
ugh
grad
e 12
and
has
man
y m
ore
impl
icat
ions
for
curr
icul
um a
ndfa
cilit
ies.
Oth
er in
dust
rial
art
s su
bjec
t are
as o
r di
visi
ons
of c
onte
ntha
ve h
ad th
eir
narr
ow a
tom
istic
app
roac
h gr
adua
llych
ange
dto
a b
road
er c
once
pt r
efle
ctin
gth
e "n
ew lo
ok"
in th
e in
dus-
tria
l art
s cu
rric
ulum
. For
exa
mpl
e, w
oods
, and
met
als
have
been
bro
aden
ed u
nder
the
conc
ept o
f m
anuf
actu
ring
and
/or
cons
truc
tion;
pri
ntin
g br
oade
ned
to g
raph
ic a
rts
and
perh
aps
com
bine
d w
ith e
lect
rici
ty/e
lect
roni
cs in
to th
e co
ncep
t of
com
-m
unic
atio
ns. T
his
broa
deni
ng c
once
pt o
f th
e cu
rric
ulum
is
also
illu
stra
ted
in th
e re
cent
pub
licat
ion
of th
e N
atio
nal
Aer
o-na
utic
s an
d Sp
ace
Adm
inis
trat
ion
entit
led
Spac
e R
esou
rces
for
the
Hig
h Sc
hool
Indu
stri
al A
rts
Res
ourc
e U
nits
.
50
One
of
the
mos
t im
port
ant a
nd d
iffi
cult
task
sfo
r th
e cu
r-ri
culu
m p
lann
er is
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f a
wor
kabl
e co
urse
or
curr
icul
um. T
his
is e
ssen
tial t
o th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
afu
nctio
nal
indu
stri
al a
rts
labo
rato
ry. E
ach
Stat
e sh
ould
hav
e an
activ
ein
dust
rial
art
s cu
rric
ulum
com
mitt
ee to
adv
ise
the
Stat
e su
per-
viso
r of
indu
stri
al a
rts
and
to p
rodu
ce a
Sta
te c
urri
culu
mgu
ide
whi
ch id
entif
ies
the
inst
ruct
iona
l con
tent
. Apu
blis
hed
Stat
e cu
rric
ulum
gui
de c
an p
rovi
de g
uida
nce
for
the
mai
nth
rust
of
the
curr
icul
um a
nd c
an h
elp
clar
ify
the
role
of in
-du
stri
al a
rts
in th
e to
tal e
duca
tion
prog
ram
of
the
Sta
te.
The
Stat
e gu
ide
shou
ld b
e su
gges
tive,
giv
e di
rect
ion,
yet
allo
wfo
r
crea
tive
curr
icul
um d
evel
opm
ent b
y an
indi
vidu
al s
choo
l.T
his
curr
icul
um g
uide
can
als
o pr
ovid
e th
e St
ate
with
cri
teri
afo
rm
akin
g ev
alua
tions
on
prog
ram
s an
d ca
n al
so b
e he
lpfu
l in
dete
rmin
ing
futu
re n
eeds
bas
ed u
pon
fact
ual d
ata
deri
ved
from
the
pres
ent o
ffer
ings
. Thu
s th
e St
ate
guid
e be
com
es a
usef
ul to
ol f
or s
tren
gthe
ning
the
curr
icul
um a
nd s
houl
dbe
cont
inuo
usly
upd
ated
and
pub
lishe
d at
leas
t eve
ry 5
yea
rs.
Whe
ther
or
not f
utur
e pr
ogra
ms
take
on
som
e of
the
new
erch
arac
teri
stic
s de
pend
s up
on m
any
fact
ors,
esp
ecia
llyth
e un
-de
rgra
duat
e pr
epar
atio
n pr
ogra
ms,
res
earc
h, s
uper
visi
on,
and
effe
ctiv
e in
serv
ice
or r
etra
inin
g in
stitu
tes.
The
cur
ricu
lum
mov
emen
t in
indu
stri
al a
rts
educ
atio
nis
not
unl
ike
the
chan
ges
taki
ng p
lace
in m
athe
mat
ics
and
scie
nce
inst
ruct
ion.
Sele
cted
Ref
eren
ces
Boo
ks
Am
eric
an I
ndus
tria
l Art
s T
each
er E
duca
tion.
Pla
nnin
gIn
-du
stri
al A
rts
Faci
litie
s. E
ight
h ye
arbo
ok. B
loom
ingt
on, I
ll.:
McK
nigh
t Pub
lishi
ng C
o., 1
959.
247
pp.
Eng
leha
rdt,
N. L
.; N
. L. E
ngel
hard
t, Jr
.; an
d St
anto
n L
eg-
gett.
Sch
ool P
lann
ing
and
Bui
ldin
g H
andb
ook.
New
Yor
k:F.
W. D
odge
Cor
p., 1
956.
268
pp.
Equ
ipm
ent G
uide
Com
mitt
ee o
f th
e A
mer
ican
Indu
stri
al A
rts
Ass
ocia
tion.
A G
uide
for
Equ
ippi
ng I
ndus
tria
l Art
s E
duca
-tio
n Fa
cilit
ies.
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.: A
mer
ican
Ind
ustr
ial A
rts
Ass
ocia
tion,
196
7.G
ood,
Car
ter
V. D
ictio
nary
of
Edu
catio
n. N
ew Y
ork:
Mac
-m
illan
Co.
, 195
9. 6
76 p
p.O
lson
, Del
mar
W. I
ndus
tria
l Art
s an
d T
echn
olog
y. E
ngle
woo
dC
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, N.J
.: Pr
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e H
all,
Inc.
, 196
3. 3
67 p
p.Pr
akke
n, L
awre
nce
W.,
ed. M
oder
n Sc
hool
Sho
p Pl
anni
ng.
Ann
Arb
or, M
ich.
: Pra
kken
Pub
licat
ions
, 196
7. 2
55 p
p.Sl
eepe
r, H
arol
d R
. Bui
ldin
g Pl
anni
ng a
nd D
esig
n St
anda
rds.
New
Yor
k: J
ohn
Wile
y &
Son
s, 1
955.
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, E. W
.; S.
W. K
rous
e; a
nd M
. M. A
tkin
son.
The
Edu
-ca
tor's
Enc
yclo
pedi
a. E
ngle
woo
d C
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e-H
all,
Inc.
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1. 9
14 p
p.W
ilber
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don
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nd N
orm
an C
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dere
d. I
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tria
l Art
sin
Gen
eral
Edu
catio
n, th
ird
editi
on. S
cran
ton,
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nsyl
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a,In
stru
ctio
nal T
extb
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01 p
p.
Sele
cted
U.S
. Off
ice
of E
duca
tion
Publ
icat
ions
on S
choo
l Fac
ilitie
so
Bas
ic P
lann
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de f
or V
ocat
iona
l and
Tec
hnic
al E
duca
-tio
nal F
acili
ties,
by
Will
iam
W. C
hase
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nny
W. B
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ne,
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Des
igni
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e M
ultip
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se R
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lem
en-
tary
Sch
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Pub
licat
ion
No.
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over
nmen
t Pri
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g O
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e, 1
954.
48
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ctio
nal F
acili
ties
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Hom
e E
cono
mic
s E
duca
-tio
n. S
peci
al P
ublic
atio
n N
o. 1
2. W
ashi
ngto
n: U
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over
n-m
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rint
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Off
ice,
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8 pp
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anni
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choo
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ew M
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g O
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Sec
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choo
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l Fac
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peci
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over
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Spac
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Ins
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ashi
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over
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6 pp
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Bul
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s
Am
eric
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ounc
il of
Ind
ustr
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Supe
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Ind
ustr
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Art
s E
duca
tion.
Was
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ton:
Am
eric
an I
ndus
tria
l Art
sA
ssoc
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n, a
dep
artm
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f th
e N
atio
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tion
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963,
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an V
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l Ass
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Inc.
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ton:
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A S
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each
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1953
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Indu
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tmen
t of
Hea
lth,
Edu
catio
n, a
nd W
elfa
re, O
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catio
n. W
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ntin
g O
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66. 1
38 p
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Nat
iona
l Aer
onau
tics
and
Spac
eA
dmin
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rint
ende
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ocum
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over
nmen
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uide
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