and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and...

59
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 026 522 By-Schmitt, Marshall L.; Taylor, James L. Planning and Designing Functional Facilities for Industrial Arts Education. Spons Agency-Office of Education (DHEW), Washington, D.C. Report No-OE-51015 Pub Date 68 Note-55p. Available from-Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (FS5.251:51015, $.45). EDRS Price MF-$0.25 HC Not Available from EDRS. Descriptors-Design Needs, Design Preferences, *Educational Facilities, *Facility Guidelines, *Facility Requirements, *Industrial Arts, Physical Environment, School Planning, *School Shops This publication's purpose is to provide assistance in the planning of industrial arts facilities through suggestions and guidelines for functional space utilization and meaningful educational specifications. It is one of a series on specialized areas of the school plant. Chapter headings incriude "Educational Trends and the Emerging Industrial Arts Program," "Planning the Industrial Arts Program," "Space and Facilities Needed," and "Planning the General Physical Environment: Also included are 28 safety and health jorecautions, 11 general guidelines, 23 specific guidelines, and 59 references. (EM) VT 007 612

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Page 1: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 026 522By-Schmitt, Marshall L.; Taylor, James L.Planning and Designing Functional Facilities for Industrial Arts Education.Spons Agency-Office of Education (DHEW), Washington, D.C.Report No-OE-51015Pub Date 68Note-55p.Available from-Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402(FS5.251:51015, $.45).

EDRS Price MF-$0.25 HC Not Available from EDRS.Descriptors-Design Needs, Design Preferences, *Educational Facilities, *Facility Guidelines, *FacilityRequirements, *Industrial Arts, Physical Environment, School Planning, *School Shops

This publication's purpose is to provide assistance in the planning of industrialarts facilities through suggestions and guidelines for functional space utilization andmeaningful educational specifications. It is one of a series on specialized areas ofthe school plant. Chapter headings incriude "Educational Trends and the EmergingIndustrial Arts Program," "Planning the Industrial Arts Program," "Space and FacilitiesNeeded," and "Planning the General Physical Environment: Also included are 28 safetyand health jorecautions, 11 general guidelines, 23 specific guidelines, and 59references. (EM)

VT 007 612

Page 2: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

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OF

HE

ALT

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D W

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ilbur

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.4.

Jam

es L

Tay

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Spec

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ning

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uild

ings

Page 5: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

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by

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f D

ocum

ents

, U.S

. Gov

ernm

ent

Prin

ting

Off

ice,

Was

hing

ton,

D.C

. 204

02Pr

ice.

45 c

ents

T n

dust

rial

Art

s E

duca

tionP

lann

ing

and

Des

igni

ng F

unc-

tiona

l Fac

ilitie

s is

ano

ther

in th

e se

ries

of

publ

icat

ions

on

spec

ializ

ed a

reas

of

the

scho

ol p

lant

. It s

eeks

to p

rovi

de a

ssis

t-an

ce in

dev

elop

ing

new

and

rem

odel

ing

exis

ting

faci

litie

s to

mee

t the

exp

andi

ng p

rogr

ams

of in

dust

rial

art

s as

they

ref

lect

chan

ges

in in

dust

ry a

nd te

chno

logy

.W

hile

no

publ

icat

ion

will

ans

wer

all

ques

tions

, the

idea

sou

tline

d he

re w

ill h

elp

adm

inis

trat

ors,

scl

)ol

com

mitt

ees,

arch

itect

s, te

ache

rs, t

each

er e

duca

tors

, and

sup

ervi

sors

to p

lan

the

phys

ical

set

ting

for

lear

ning

and

teac

hing

. Thi

s pu

blic

a-tio

n at

tem

pts

to p

rese

nt a

n ap

proa

ch to

goo

d pl

anni

ng, n

ot to

set s

tand

ards

.T

he a

utho

rs o

btai

ned

back

grou

nd in

form

atio

n fo

r th

is s

tudy

from

con

sulta

tions

with

per

sons

con

cern

ed w

ith p

lann

ing

bul-

letin

s, f

rom

res

earc

h fi

ndin

gs,

as w

ell a

s fr

om v

isits

to a

ndob

serv

atio

ns o

f fu

nctio

nal p

rogr

ams

and

faci

litie

s in

sch

ools

in s

ever

al S

tate

s. T

he s

ketc

hes

repr

esen

t the

man

y us

eful

idea

s ga

ther

ed f

rom

thes

e vi

sits

.Sp

ecia

l ack

now

ledg

men

t is

give

n to

Joh

n M

itche

ll, c

hair

-m

an, D

epar

tmen

t of

Indu

stri

al A

rts

and

Tec

hnol

ogy,

Gor

ham

Stat

e C

olle

ge, G

orha

m, M

aine

, for

his

adv

ice

on th

e pr

epar

a-tio

n of

this

pub

licat

ion;

Del

mar

Ols

on, c

hair

man

, Dep

artm

ent

of I

ndus

tria

l Art

s, K

ent S

tate

Uni

vers

ity, K

ent,

Ohi

o, f

orne

wde

sign

s in

labo

rato

ry p

lann

ing;

E. A

llen

Bam

e, in

dust

rial

art

sco

ordi

nato

r, f

or th

e in

stru

ctio

nal p

lan

of th

e W

arre

nsvi

lleH

eigh

ts H

igh

Scho

ol, C

leve

land

, Ohi

o; R

ober

t Woo

dwar

d,su

perv

isor

of

indu

stri

al a

rts,

Sta

te D

epar

tmen

t of

Edu

catio

n,Sa

cram

ento

, Cal

if.;

and

The

odor

e E

. Gut

h, s

uper

viso

r of

in-

dust

rial

art

s, S

tate

Dep

artm

ent o

f E

duca

tion,

Ral

eigh

, N.C

.,fo

r se

lect

ed ty

pica

l ind

ustr

ial a

rts

plan

s.

John

L. C

amer

on, D

irec

tor

R..

Lou

is B

righ

t,D

ivis

ion

of F

acili

ties

Ass

ocia

te C

omm

issi

oner

Dev

elop

men

tB

urea

u of

Res

earc

hO

ffic

e of

Con

stru

ctio

nSe

rvic

es

Page 6: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

CO

NT

EN

TS

FOR

EW

OR

D

Cha

pter

I I

NT

RO

DU

CT

ION

Purp

ose

of T

his

Publ

icat

ion

Def

initi

on o

f T

erm

s

Cha

pter

II

ED

UC

AT

ION

AL

TR

EN

DS

AN

D T

HE

EM

ER

GIN

G I

ND

UST

RIA

L A

RT

S PR

OG

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men

tary

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cond

ary

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catio

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ontin

uing

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catio

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hang

ing

Proc

edur

es a

nd M

ater

ials

Cur

rent

Dev

elop

men

ts in

Ind

ustr

ial A

rts

Cha

pter

III

PL

AN

NIN

G T

HE

IN

DU

STR

IAL

AR

TS

PRO

GR

AM

The

Pla

nnin

g C

omm

ittee

Plan

ning

Pro

cedu

res

Pupi

ls a

nd O

ther

Gro

ups

Usi

ng th

e Fa

cilit

ies

Cha

pter

IV

SPA

CE

AN

D F

AC

ILIT

IES

NE

ED

ED

Lab

orat

orie

sD

epar

tmen

tal L

ibra

ry a

nd P

lann

ing

Are

a

Pap 2 2 5 6 9 9 9 13 13 15 17 24

Stor

age

Spac

eFi

nish

ing

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mD

arkr

oom

Dis

play

Are

aT

each

er's

Off

ice

Toi

lets

and

Was

hing

Fac

ilitie

sA

isle

s of

Tra

vel_

Cha

pter

V P

LA

NN

ING

TH

E G

EN

ER

AL

PHY

SIC

AL

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NT

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atio

n of

the

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artm

ent

Spat

ial F

acto

rsA

rchi

tect

ural

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side

ratio

nsC

ondi

tioni

ng S

pace

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pter

VI

SUM

MA

RY

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EC

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ME

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AT

ION

S

Gen

eral

Gui

delin

esSp

ecif

ic G

uide

lines

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prov

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SEL

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Pass

27 31 32 32 33 34 34 35 35 '36

38 43 44 45 51

Page 7: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

CH

APT

ER

IIn

trod

uctio

n

TH

E L

AR

GE

SU

MS

OF

moN

EY

loca

l, St

ate,

and

Fed

eral

allo

cate

d fo

r sc

hool

con

stru

ctio

n th

roug

hout

the

Nat

ion

have

pla

ced

an a

wes

ome

resp

onsi

bilit

y on

thos

e co

ncer

ned

with

the

plan

ning

of

educ

atio

nal f

acili

ties.

Fro

m th

e ou

tset

the

scho

ol p

lann

er is

con

fron

ted

with

the

prob

lem

s of

incr

easi

ngsc

hool

pop

ulat

ions

, mou

ntin

g co

sts

of c

onst

ruct

ion

and

equi

p-m

ent,

rapi

d te

chno

logi

cal c

hang

es w

hich

can

mak

e eq

uipm

ent

and

curr

icul

ums

obso

lete

, inn

ovat

ions

in in

stru

ctio

nal m

etho

ds,

and

incr

easi

ng e

mph

asis

on

cont

inui

ng e

duca

tion.

The

pla

n-ni

ng o

f fa

cilit

ies

for

indu

stri

al a

rts

requ

ires

car

eful

atte

ntio

nso

that

ful

l val

ue f

or c

apita

l and

ope

ratin

g in

vest

men

ts m

aybe

rec

eive

d an

d m

axim

um a

chie

vem

ents

rea

lized

in a

nim

port

ant p

art o

f th

e sc

hool

cur

ricu

lum

.Pl

anne

rs m

ust c

lear

ly u

nder

stan

d an

indu

stri

al a

rts

educ

a-tio

n pr

ogra

m to

be

able

to d

esig

n fu

nctio

nal f

acili

ties.

Tho

seed

ucat

ors

who

will

use

the

faci

litie

s m

ust a

ssum

e a

maj

orre

spon

sibi

lity

in p

lann

ing.

The

y sh

ould

inte

rpre

t the

nee

ds to

scho

ol a

dmin

istr

ator

s, s

choo

l boa

rds,

citi

zen

plan

ning

com

-m

ittee

s, a

nd a

rchi

tect

s so

that

ade

quat

e sp

ace

and

need

edfa

cilit

ies

may

be

plan

ned.

Coo

rdin

atio

n in

pla

nnin

g is

ess

entia

lif

a f

unct

iona

l ind

ustr

ial a

rts

depa

rtm

ent i

s to

be

prov

ided

.

Purp

ose

of T

his

Publ

icat

ion

Thi

s pu

blic

atio

n at

tem

pts

to a

ssis

t per

sons

pla

nnin

g in

dus-

tria

l art

s fa

cilit

ies

by p

rovi

ding

sug

gest

ions

and

gui

delin

esfo

r fu

nctio

nal s

pace

util

izat

ion

and

mea

ning

ful e

duca

tiona

lsp

ecif

icat

ions

. It p

ropo

ses

to il

lust

rate

an

appr

oach

to g

ood

plan

ning

and

to o

pen

new

vis

tas

to th

ose

resp

onsi

ble

for

mak

ing

plan

s, n

ot to

set

sta

ndar

ds. I

t sho

uld

be h

elpf

ul in

pres

ervi

ce a

nd in

serv

ice

educ

atio

n of

teac

hers

fac

ed w

ith th

ech

alle

nge

of p

lann

ing

faci

litie

s. I

t sho

uld

prov

ide

loca

l sch

ool

arch

itect

s a

basi

s fo

r co

mm

unic

atin

g w

ith te

ache

rs a

nd s

uper

-vi

sors

in o

btai

ning

per

tinen

t inf

orm

atio

n co

ncer

ning

the

pro-

gram

whi

ch w

ill r

efle

ct in

thei

r pl

anni

ng. I

t sho

uld

also

be

of v

alue

to th

ose

cons

ider

ing

rem

odel

ing

or u

pdat

ing

thei

rpr

esen

t fac

ilitie

s.In

pre

para

tion

for

wri

ting

this

pub

licat

ion,

the

auth

ors

stud

ied

and

anal

yzed

cur

rent

indu

stri

al a

rts

curr

icul

ums

and

tren

ds in

bot

h el

emen

tary

and

sec

onda

ry e

duca

tion,

vis

ited

scho

ols

in s

ever

al S

tate

s, c

onfe

rred

with

pla

nnin

g sp

ecia

lists

at c

olle

ges

of e

duca

tion,

inte

rvie

wed

teac

hers

and

Sta

te a

ndlo

cal s

uper

viso

rs, e

xam

ined

Sta

te p

lann

ing

bulle

tins,

and

revi

ewed

per

tinen

t res

earc

h fi

ndin

gs.

The

ske

tche

s th

roug

hout

the

publ

icat

ion

repr

esen

t an

artis

t'svi

ew o

f fa

cilit

ies

actu

ally

fou

nd in

som

e of

the

indu

stri

al a

rts

labo

rato

ries

in th

e N

atio

n's

scho

ols

and

som

e in

nova

tions

inin

dust

rial

art

s fa

cilit

ies

or a

rchi

tect

ural

des

ign

whi

ch s

houl

dpr

ovid

e ad

ditio

nal d

irec

tion

to b

oth

plan

ners

and

arc

hite

cts.

Def

initi

on o

f T

erm

sT

he f

ollo

win

g te

rms

are

defi

ned

to s

how

thei

r us

e in

this

publ

icat

ion:

Indu

stri

al a

rtsa

pha

se o

f th

e cu

rric

ulum

in g

ener

al e

du-

catio

n; th

e bo

dy o

f su

bjec

t mat

ter

or th

e bo

dy o

f co

urse

sor

gani

zed

to d

evel

op a

n un

ders

tand

ing

of th

e te

chni

cal,

con-

sum

er, o

ccup

atio

nal,

recr

eatio

nal,

orga

niza

tiona

l, so

cial

, his

-to

rica

l, an

d cu

ltura

l asp

ects

of

indu

stry

and

tech

nolo

gy. S

tu-

dent

exp

erie

nces

invo

lve

such

act

iviti

es a

s ex

peri

men

ting,

Page 8: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

desi

gnin

g, c

onst

ruct

ing,

eva

luat

ing,

and

usi

ng to

ols,

mat

eria

ls,

and

proc

esse

s w

hich

pro

vide

opp

ortu

nitie

s fo

r cr

eativ

ity a

ndpr

oble

m s

olvi

ng.

Subj

ect a

reaa

mai

n di

visi

on o

f su

bjec

t mat

ter;

som

etim

esus

ed a

s a

syno

nym

for

cou

rse

(exa

mpl

es: c

onst

ruct

ion,

man

u-fa

ctur

ing,

dra

win

g (e

ngin

eeri

ng),

ele

ctri

city

/ele

ctro

nics

, ele

-m

enta

ry s

choo

l ind

ustr

ial a

rts,

gra

phic

art

s, h

ome

mec

hani

cs,

met

als,

pla

stic

s, p

ower

mec

hani

cs, r

esea

rch

and

deve

lopm

ent,

and

woo

ds).

Inst

ruct

iona

l are

aa f

urth

er d

ivis

ion

or p

hase

of

the

in-

stru

ctio

nal c

onte

nt in

any

sub

ject

are

a (e

xam

ples

: let

teri

ng,

sket

chin

g, m

achi

ne d

raw

ing,

eng

inee

ring

, and

arc

hite

ctur

aldr

awin

g in

the

subj

ect a

rea

of d

raft

ing)

.In

dust

rial

art

s de

part

men

ta d

epar

tmen

t pla

nned

and

equi

pped

to f

acili

tate

the

teac

hing

of

the

subj

ect m

atte

r of

the

indu

stri

al a

rts;

may

con

sist

of

one

or m

ore

sepa

rate

fac

ilitie

sfo

r th

e va

riet

y of

cou

rses

taug

ht in

a p

artic

ular

sch

ool.

Func

tiona

l fac

ilitie

sthe

roo

ms

or s

pace

whi

ch th

e de

part

-m

ent o

ccup

ies;

incl

udes

equ

ipm

ent,

tool

s, in

stru

ctio

nal m

ate-

rial

s, a

nd s

pace

pro

vide

d fo

r st

orag

e, in

divi

dual

and

gro

upw

ork,

and

spe

cial

nee

ds r

equi

red

by th

e ac

tiviti

es b

eing

con

-du

cted

all e

ffec

tivel

y ar

rang

ed to

pro

vide

for

fle

xibi

lity

orad

apta

bilit

y to

tech

nolo

gica

l and

inst

ruct

iona

l cha

nges

, and

for

the

safe

ty a

nd h

ealth

of

the

stud

ents

.M

ain

labo

rato

ry s

pace

the

maj

or o

pen

spac

e de

sign

ed to

hous

e th

e pr

inci

pal e

quip

men

t use

d pr

imar

ily to

impl

emen

tth

e te

chni

cal a

spec

ts o

f th

e in

dust

rial

art

s pr

ogra

m; a

rea

gen-

eral

ly f

ree

from

enc

lose

d pa

rtiti

ons

and

of s

uffi

cien

t siz

e to

acco

mm

odat

e th

e sp

ace

need

s of

all

stud

ents

in c

lass

.

Aux

iliar

y sp

acea

dditi

onal

spa

ce u

sed

to s

uppl

emen

t the

mai

n la

bora

tory

spa

ce a

nd d

esig

ned

to in

crea

se th

e ef

fect

ive-

ness

of

the

tota

l fac

ilitie

s an

d in

dust

rial

art

s pr

ogra

m (

exam

-pl

es: p

lann

ing

area

, tea

cher

's o

ffic

e, f

inis

hing

roo

m, v

ario

usst

orag

e ar

eas,

and

dar

k ro

om)

; som

etim

es a

uxili

ary

spac

es a

rede

sign

ed a

s in

tegr

al p

arts

of

the

mai

n la

bora

tory

spa

ce.

Com

preh

ensi

ve g

ener

al la

bora

tory

one

of th

ree

type

s of

indu

stri

al a

rts

labo

rato

ries

, a s

pace

spe

cifi

cally

des

igne

d an

deq

uipp

ed f

or s

ever

al ty

pes

of in

stru

ctio

nal a

ctiv

ities

in tw

o or

mor

e su

bjec

t are

as a

nd u

sual

ly ta

ught

by

one

teac

her.

Aty

pica

l lab

orat

ory

may

pro

vide

inst

ruct

iona

l exp

erie

nces

indr

awin

g, m

etal

s, w

oods

, and

ele

ctri

city

/ele

ctro

nics

; or

man

u-fa

ctur

ing,

con

stru

ctio

n, g

raph

ics,

and

ele

ctri

city

/ele

ctro

nics

.G

ener

al u

nit l

abor

ator

ya s

pace

des

igne

d an

d eq

uipp

edfo

r se

vera

l ins

truc

tiona

l act

iviti

es in

two

or m

ore

inst

ruct

iona

lar

eas

of a

sin

gle

subj

ect a

rea

of in

dust

rial

art

s. A

typi

cal l

abo-

rato

ry m

ay p

rovi

de in

stru

ctio

nal e

xper

ienc

es in

the

met

als

area

and

incl

ude

the

clos

ely

rela

ted

inst

ruct

iona

l are

as o

fm

achi

ne s

hop,

she

et m

etal

, for

ging

, fou

ndry

, ben

ch o

r ar

tm

etal

wor

k, a

nd w

eldi

ng. A

noth

er il

lust

ratio

nis

a s

pace

equi

pped

for

sev

eral

inst

ruct

iona

l act

iviti

es in

dra

win

g or

dra

ft-

ing,

invo

lvin

g on

e or

mor

e su

bjec

ts a

nd le

arni

ng a

ctiv

ities

,su

ch a

s ar

chite

ctur

al d

raft

ing,

eng

inee

ring

dra

win

g, in

dust

rial

desi

gn, a

nd d

escr

iptiv

e ge

omet

ry.

Uni

t lab

orat

orya

spa

ce d

esig

ned

and

equi

pped

for

sev

eral

inst

ruct

iona

l act

iviti

es in

one

inst

ruct

iona

l are

a of

a s

ingl

esu

bjec

t are

a fo

r in

dust

rial

art

s. A

typi

cal l

abor

ator

y m

ay p

ro-

vide

the

oppo

rtun

ity f

or s

tude

nts

to h

ave

inst

ruct

ion

in m

etal

mac

hini

ngon

e in

stru

ctio

nal a

rea

of th

e m

etal

s su

bjec

t are

a. 3

Page 9: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

Chi

ldre

n le

arn

to c

ontr

ol th

eir

envi

ronm

ent t

hrou

gh in

dust

rial a

rts

activ

ities

.

Page 10: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

CH

APT

ER

II

Edu

catio

nal T

rend

s an

d th

e E

mer

ging

Ind

ustr

ial A

rts

Prog

ram

WIT

HIN

RE

CE

NT

YE

AR

S, s

cien

tific

and

tech

nolo

gica

l ach

ieve

-m

ents

and

soc

iolo

gica

l dev

elop

men

ts h

ave

had

a pr

o-fo

und

effe

ct u

pon

the

educ

atio

nal c

omm

unity

. Cha

nges

incu

rric

ulum

s, o

rgan

izat

iona

l pat

tern

s, a

nd in

stru

ctio

nal m

eth-

odol

ogy

brou

ght o

n in

par

t by

incr

ease

d en

rollm

ents

hav

ebe

en r

efle

cted

not

onl

y in

the

plan

for

edu

catio

n bu

t als

o in

the

phys

ical

env

iron

men

t. In

dust

rial

art

s, a

s a

part

of

the

tota

lpr

ogra

m o

f ed

ucat

ion,

is p

artic

ular

ly s

ensi

tive

to d

evel

opm

ents

in e

duca

tion.

A b

rief

rev

iew

of

thos

e de

velo

pmen

ts, a

t the

vari

ous

leve

ls o

f ed

ucat

ion,

whi

ch h

ave

clea

r im

plic

atio

n fo

rin

dust

rial

art

s an

d its

fac

ilitie

s fo

llow

s.

Ele

men

tary

Edu

catio

nT

he e

lem

enta

ry s

choo

l has

bee

n on

e of

the

mos

t fle

xibl

eun

its o

f th

e sc

hool

str

uctu

re. T

he c

hang

es in

its

exte

rnal

ap-

pear

ance

are

obv

ious

whe

n on

e co

ntra

sts

the

old,

mul

tisto

rybu

ildin

gs w

ith th

e ne

w, o

ne-l

evel

str

uctu

res

situ

ated

on

gen-

erou

s si

tes

that

allo

w f

or la

ndsc

apin

g an

d pl

ay a

reas

. Whi

leph

ysic

al c

ontr

asts

with

in th

e sc

hool

are

sta

rtlin

g, o

f ev

engr

eate

r si

gnif

ican

ce a

re th

e ch

ange

s in

org

aniz

atio

nal p

atte

rns

and

inst

ruct

iona

l met

hods

. Of

part

icul

ar n

ote

are

the

tren

dsto

war

d th

e el

imin

atio

n of

rig

id g

rade

div

isio

ns a

nd th

e re

-or

gani

zatio

n of

pro

gram

s to

ext

end

over

two

or m

ore

year

sof

a c

hild

's g

row

th; a

n ex

tens

ion

of th

e sc

hool

day

and

yea

rto

per

mit

cert

ain

cour

ses

of th

e cu

rric

ulum

to b

e fu

lly a

ug-

men

ted

and

new

er c

ours

es to

be

adde

d; a

nd a

n in

crea

se in

the

use

of te

am te

achi

ng, c

lose

d-ci

rcui

t tel

evis

ion,

and

oth

erel

ectr

onic

and

mec

hani

cal d

evic

es.

In m

any

inst

ance

s, th

e tr

aditi

onal

rec

tang

ular

cla

ssro

om is

bein

g re

plac

ed b

y sp

aces

of

vari

ous

shap

es to

obt

ain

mor

eef

fect

ive

utili

zatio

n of

spa

ce. I

n so

me

sect

ions

of

the

coun

try,

even

hex

agon

al-s

hape

d cl

assr

oom

s ar

e be

ing

used

to o

btai

n a

high

er d

egre

e of

fle

xibi

lity.

Mov

able

sou

ndpr

oof

part

ition

s ca

npr

ovid

e fo

r la

rge

and

smal

l cla

sses

and

gro

up w

ork,

isol

ate

nois

e fr

om q

uiet

are

as, a

nd p

erm

it m

ore

effe

ctiv

e us

e of

new

erin

stru

ctio

nal t

echn

olog

y. S

peci

al e

duca

tion

room

s de

sign

edsp

ecif

ical

ly to

mee

t the

nee

ds o

f th

e ha

ndic

appe

d, a

dequ

ate

libra

ries

with

wor

kroo

ms,

and

sto

rage

fac

ilitie

s fo

r au

dio-

visu

al e

quip

men

t are

als

o be

com

ing

a pa

rt o

f fu

nctio

nally

plan

ned

elem

enta

ry s

choo

ls.

Sinc

e in

dust

rial

art

s su

bjec

t mat

ter

is r

ich

in th

e m

ater

ial

cultu

re, i

t can

cap

ture

the

youn

g le

arne

r's a

ttent

ion

and

en-

rich

his

con

cept

s. F

rom

a s

tudy

of

indu

stri

al a

rts,

ele

men

tary

scho

ol c

hild

ren

can

gain

new

mea

ning

s an

d un

ders

tand

ings

abou

t the

wor

ld in

whi

ch th

ey li

ve, e

spec

ially

the

man

mad

ew

orld

. Pup

ils w

ho s

ee o

nly

the

prod

ucts

of

indu

stry

hav

e lit

tlekn

owle

dge

of th

e te

chno

logi

cal p

roce

sses

invo

lved

in th

eir

crea

tion

and

deve

lopm

ent.

Indu

stri

al a

rts

educ

atio

n pr

ovid

esth

e op

port

unity

for

pup

ils to

lear

n ab

out t

he im

pact

of

tech

-no

logy

thro

ugh

dire

ct le

arni

ng a

ctiv

ities

whi

ch a

re m

eani

ngfu

lto

them

. If

prop

erly

taug

ht, i

nstr

uctio

n co

ncer

ning

an

ordi

-na

ry p

iece

of

woo

d, f

or e

xam

ple,

ena

bles

the

stud

ent t

o le

arn

man

y m

eani

ngs

of th

e sy

mbo

l woo

dits

text

ure,

sm

ell,

wei

ght,

and

tast

eand

to u

nder

stan

d its

incr

ease

d va

lue

whe

n he

chan

ges

it to

mee

t his

nee

ds.

5

Page 11: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

)0 ,.

...

ill,..

......

.....

ig. .

'-'N

, . \

- t.-

JO ii!!!

4111

-"1

112-

itii-

nrIt

i,ii

,;,,a

.i'qt

i it

/tY-i

rliii

iiiii

rim

iiiik

ai.!

Lki

iiiii

slal

s13

Fp-

iiiiii

iiiiii

!0!1

4;:i

Iiiii

itviq

oiii

imu!

rilti

it.-

iiiki

ii!.;:

41,-

--

Sea

rchi

ng fo

r so

lutio

ns to

tech

nolo

gica

lpr

oble

ms.

6

Thr

ough

the

plan

ning

and

cons

truc

tion

activ

ities

whi

chch

arac

teri

ze in

dust

rial

art

s at

this

leve

l, th

e ch

ild in

crea

ses

his

skill

s in

lang

uage

, sci

ence

, and

arith

met

ic. I

n ad

ditio

n, in

-du

stri

alar

tsac

tiviti

es p

rovi

de o

ppor

tuni

ties

for

phys

ical

coor

dina

tion

and

who

leso

me

emot

iona

lan

d so

cial

gro

wth

,st

imul

ate

lear

ning

, off

er o

utle

tsfo

r cr

eatin

g an

d m

akin

gob

ject

s, a

nd h

elp

pupi

ls f

orm

new

con

cept

sab

out t

he m

an-

mad

e w

orld

.T

he f

acili

ties

for

indu

stri

al a

rts

in e

lem

enta

ry s

choo

ls m

aybe

pro

vide

d ei

ther

as

a si

ngle

faci

lity

serv

ing

an e

ntir

e sc

hool

or a

s a

part

of

the

regu

lar

clas

sroo

m s

o th

at s

mal

l gro

ups

can

wor

k on

con

stru

ctio

n ac

tiviti

es a

t any

time

duri

ng th

e da

y.In

pla

nnin

g, o

ffic

ials

sho

uld

give

par

ticul

ar a

ttent

ion

toth

e

elim

inat

ion

of a

ny s

afet

y ha

zard

and

to th

e se

lect

ion

ofeq

uipm

ent,

tool

s, a

nd m

ater

ials

desi

gned

to m

eet t

he p

hysi

cal

limita

tions

of

the

child

ren.

Seco

ndar

y E

duca

tion

Som

e of

the

chan

ges

occu

rrin

g in

the

seco

ndar

y sc

hool

s ar

e

not u

nlik

e th

ose

whi

ch o

ccur

in th

e el

emen

tary

scho

ol. O

fpa

rtic

ular

inte

rest

to p

lann

ers

and

desi

gner

s of

indu

stri

al a

rts

faci

litie

s is

the

conc

erte

d ef

fort

that

thes

e sc

hool

s ar

e m

akin

g

to m

eet t

he n

eeds

of

a gr

eate

rva

riet

y of

pup

ils. T

hese

incl

ude

not o

nly

the

colle

ge-b

ound

and

the

aver

age,

but

als

o th

esl

ow,

the

gift

ed, t

he p

hysi

cally

or

men

tally

han

dica

pped

, and

the

Page 12: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

in

cultu

rally

dep

rive

d. P

rogr

ams

offe

ring

pup

ilsop

port

uniti

es to

lear

n bo

th in

cla

ss a

nd o

ut o

f cl

ass

are

bein

gac

cept

ed in

man

ysc

hool

s. S

imila

rly,

indu

stri

al a

rts

prog

ram

sw

ith th

eir

num

er-

ous

oppo

rtun

ities

for

indi

vidu

al a

nd g

roup

act

iviti

es a

nd th

eir

conc

ern

for

pupi

l ;w

hate

ver

thei

r ca

pabi

litie

s ar

e in

crea

sing

in n

umbe

r th

roug

hout

the

Nat

ion.

1.2

For

exam

ple,

gir

ls e

n-ro

lled

in s

ome

hom

e ec

onom

ics

clas

ses

are

exch

angi

ng p

lace

sw

ith b

oys

in in

dust

rial

art

s so

that

bot

h gr

oups

may

incr

ease

thei

r kn

owle

dge

and

unde

rsta

ndin

g of

the

hom

e,its

pro

blem

s,m

anag

em:n

ts, a

nd m

aint

enan

ce.

Thr

ough

sho

rt c

ours

es o

run

its, g

irls

lear

n ab

out i

ndus

try

and

tech

nolo

gyan

d th

eir

role

in it

; use

com

mon

tool

s an

d eq

uipm

ent s

afel

y; a

ndin

vest

igat

eth

e pu

rcha

se, u

se, a

nd s

impl

e se

rvic

ing

ofm

anuf

actu

red

artic

les

and

devi

ces.

Boy

s, o

n th

e ot

her

hand

,le

arn

abou

tho

me

man

agem

ent,

food

and

die

ts, a

esth

etic

asp

ects

of th

eho

me,

and

, to

som

e de

gree

, pre

para

tion

of f

oods

, and

clot

hing

repa

ir a

nd m

aint

enan

ce.

To

mee

t the

nee

ds o

f pu

pils

in a

ll pr

ogra

ms,

sch

ool

offi

cial

s

are

usin

g m

ore

flex

ible

tim

e se

gmen

ts,

long

er s

choo

l day

s, a

nda

long

er s

choo

l yea

r.

Gra

ce S

. Wri

ght.

Off

erin

gs a

nd E

nrol

lmen

ts in

Hig

h Sc

hool

Sub-

ject

s. W

ashi

ngto

n: U

.S. G

over

nmen

t Pri

ntin

g O

ffic

e, 1

960.

Mar

shal

l L. S

chm

itt a

nd A

lber

t L. P

elle

y. I

ndus

tria

l Art

s E

duca

-tio

n, A

Sur

vey

of P

rogr

ams,

Tea

cher

s, S

tude

nts,

and

Cur

ricu

lum

.W

ashi

ngto

n: U

. S. G

over

nmen

t Pri

ntin

g O

ffic

e, 1

966.

ina.

Ns

mai

alN

E P

ON

CO

INN

it a

lA

wai

t gm

me

IN

Indu

stria

l art

s ex

perie

nces

hel

pin

divi

dual

s bu

y an

d us

ein

dust

rial p

rodu

cts

wis

ely.

7

Page 13: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

sseo

old

Suo

lapi

e s

!Mol

ouve

lspe

lepl

snpu

! Ino

qe S

u!w

eel

Page 14: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

Con

tinui

ng E

duca

tion

The

con

cept

of

cont

inui

nged

ucat

ion,

sta

rtin

g w

ith e

arly

child

hood

and

per

sist

ing

thro

ugho

utlif

e, is

bei

ng a

ccep

ted

by

man

y co

mm

uniti

es.

The

rap

id r

ate

at w

hich

kno

wle

dge

and

jobs

bec

ome

obso

lesc

ent,

and

the

fact

that

pro

blem

s of

livi

ng

take

on

diff

eren

t con

nota

tions

and

requ

ire

diff

eren

t sol

utio

nsth

roug

h th

e va

riou

s cy

cles

of

life

have

conv

ince

d th

em th

ated

ucat

ion

com

plet

ed y

este

iday

is in

adeq

uate

for

toda

y. S

uch

com

mun

ities

are

cha

lleng

ing

thei

r sc

hool

s to

prov

ide

for

all

who

wou

ld c

ontin

ue th

eir

educ

atio

nan

d fo

r th

e dr

opou

tsw

ho, i

n or

der

to s

ecur

e a

job

or m

ake

aliv

ing,

mus

t ret

urn

tosc

hool

for

mor

e an

d pe

rhap

s a

diff

eren

tki

nd o

f ed

ucat

ion.

The

sch

ool i

s be

ing

chal

leng

ed to

prov

ide

adeq

uate

spa

ce a

ndap

prop

riat

e fa

cilit

ies

for

all w

ho w

ould

con

tinue

thei

r ed

uca-

tion

thro

ugho

ut li

fe.

As

adul

ts a

nd y

outh

ret

urn

to s

choo

lin

incr

easi

ng n

umbe

rs,

spec

ial p

rovi

sion

s w

ill b

e ne

eded

for

spa

cean

d eq

uipm

ent.

Som

e of

the

sam

e fa

cilit

ies

used

by

high

scho

ol p

upils

may

be

used

by

adul

t cla

sses

. The

mor

e cl

asse

ssc

hedu

led

for

spac

e,ho

wev

er, t

he m

ore

stor

age

will

be

need

edfo

r su

pplie

s an

dm

ater

ials

use

d by

thes

e gr

oups

.

Cha

ngin

g Pr

oced

ures

and

Mat

eria

ls

Cha

ngin

g in

stru

ctio

nal p

roce

dure

s an

d m

ater

ials

are

also

infl

uenc

ing

scho

ol p

lann

ing.

For

exa

mpl

e, e

duca

tiona

lte

levi

-

sion

, tea

chin

g m

achi

nes,

pro

gram

ed le

arni

ng,

and

com

pute

r-as

sist

ed in

stru

ctio

n ar

e be

ing

used

in te

achi

ngin

dust

rial

art

s.Sm

all t

elev

isio

n ca

mer

as a

nd a

ssoc

iate

d el

ectr

onic

seq

uipm

ent

mak

e it

poss

ible

for

indu

stri

al a

rts

teac

hers

tovi

deot

ape

indu

s-tr

ial p

roce

sses

and

to c

orre

late

them

with

cla

ssro

omin

stru

c-tio

n. C

onfe

renc

e te

chni

ques

cal

l for

tabl

es a

ndch

airs

to b

em

oved

fro

m p

lace

to p

lace

to f

acili

tate

inst

ruct

ion.

Spa

cean

dfa

cilit

ies

for

thes

e in

nova

tions

mus

t be

cons

ider

ed in

futu

repl

anni

ng.

Pupi

ls a

re b

eing

giv

en m

ore

oppo

rtun

ity to

spe

nd p

art o

fth

eir

time

stud

ying

inde

pend

ently

and

are

bei

ng p

rovi

ded

priv

ate

spac

e, s

uch

as c

arre

ls, e

ither

in th

e lib

rary

or

in d

esig

-na

ted

area

s ne

arby

. Tap

e re

cord

ers

or o

ther

teac

hing

aids

and

mat

eria

ls a

re r

eadi

ly a

vaila

ble

and

enco

urag

e in

divi

dual

stud

y.Pr

ovis

ions

are

als

o be

ing

mad

e fo

r sp

ace

whi

ch c

an h

ouse

larg

e cl

asse

s of

a h

undr

ed o

r m

ore

stud

ents

, but

whi

ch c

an b

edi

vide

d in

to s

mal

ler

units

of

thre

e to

fiv

e ro

oms.

The

flex

i-

bilit

y of

this

arr

ange

men

t pro

vide

s fo

r te

am te

achi

ng a

ndth

eim

prov

ed u

se o

f m

any

type

s of

inst

ruct

iona

l med

ia.

Bot

heq

uipm

ent (

tele

visi

on a

nd p

rogr

amed

lear

ning

devi

ces

and

mac

hine

s) a

nd a

udio

visu

al in

stru

ctio

nal m

ater

ials

(ov

erhe

ad,

opaq

ue, m

otio

n, a

nd s

till

proj

ectu

als)

are

bei

ng u

sed

effe

c-tiv

ely

in s

choo

ls.

Cur

rent

Dev

elop

men

ts in

Ind

ustr

ial A

rts

Phys

ical

fac

ilitie

s fo

r te

achi

ng in

dust

rial

art

s ar

ein

flue

nced

not o

nly

by tr

ends

whi

ch a

ffec

tal

l edu

catio

n bu

t als

o by

chan

ges

whi

ch a

re o

ccur

ring

in th

e su

bjec

t fie

ld it

self

.B

elow

are

som

e of

the

mor

eev

iden

t dev

elop

men

ts a

nd th

eir

impl

ica-

tions

for

pla

nnin

g fa

cilit

ies.

Cha

nge

inO

bjec

tives

.The

spec

tacu

lar

tech

nolo

gica

lch

ange

s si

nce

Wor

ld W

ar I

I ha

ve h

ad a

sig

nifi

cant

impa

ct o

nal

l edu

catio

n in

clud

ing

indu

stri

al a

rts.

Bec

ause

the

orga

ni-

zatio

n of

any

cou

rsei

ts c

onte

nt, m

etho

d of

teac

hing

, and

eval

uatio

nis

base

d up

on o

bjec

tives

, ind

ustr

ial a

rts

educ

ator

sha

ve e

xam

ined

thos

e w

hich

hav

e gu

ided

the

prog

ram

for

man

y ye

ars.

The

y no

ted

that

the

obje

ctiv

es w

hich

wer

e th

eha

llmar

k of

indu

stri

al a

rts

afte

r th

e tu

rn o

fth

e ce

ntur

y w

ere

not a

pplic

able

to to

day'

s sp

ace

era.

In a

n at

tem

pt to

del

inea

teth

ose

whi

ch a

re "

uniq

ue, a

ttain

able

, and

like

ly to

achi

eve

the

desi

red

resu

lts,"

Hos

tetle

r,3

repo

rts

the

follo

win

g ob

ject

iveg

3 Iv

an J

. Hos

tetle

r. "

Wha

t Obj

ectiv

es S

houl

dB

e E

mph

asiz

ed in

Indu

stri

al A

rts,

" Im

prov

ing

Indu

stri

al A

rts

Tea

chin

g. W

ashi

ngto

n:U

.S. G

over

nmen

t Pri

ntin

g O

ffic

e, 1

962,

pp.

11-2

8.

9

Page 15: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

whi

ch s

houl

d be

em

phas

ized

in p

ublic

sch

ool p

rogr

ams:

1. T

o de

velo

p in

eac

h st

uden

t an

insi

ght a

nd u

nder

-st

andi

ng o

f in

dust

ry a

nd it

s pl

ace

in o

ur c

ultu

re.

2. T

o di

scov

er a

nd d

evel

op ta

lent

s of

stu

dent

s in

the

tech

nica

l fie

lds

and

appl

ied

scie

nces

.3.

To

deve

lop

tech

nica

l pro

blem

-sol

ving

ski

lls r

elat

ed to

mat

eria

ls a

nd p

roce

sses

.4.

To

deve

lop

in e

ach

stud

ent a

mea

sure

of

skill

in th

eus

e of

com

mon

tool

s an

d m

achi

nes.

The

se f

our,

with

min

or v

aria

tions

, hav

e be

en g

ener

ally

ac-

cept

ed b

y th

e pr

ofes

sion

and

are

bei

ng e

mph

asiz

ed in

crea

s-in

gly.

Spe

cifi

c ob

ject

ives

for

the

vari

ous

age

and

grad

e le

vels

from

ele

men

tary

thro

ugh

seni

or h

igh

scho

ol, m

odif

ied

for

the

slow

lear

ner

as w

ell a

s th

e gi

fted

, mus

t of

cour

se s

uppl

emen

tth

e ba

sic

obje

ctiv

es.

To

impl

emen

t the

se o

bjec

tives

the

indu

stri

al a

rts

depa

rt-

men

t sho

uld

incl

ude

func

tiona

l fac

ilitie

s fo

r as

man

y su

bjec

tar

eas

as f

easi

ble

with

in th

e bu

dget

ary

limita

tions

. The

sesh

ould

be

desi

gned

and

pla

nned

to m

eet t

he n

eeds

of

each

pupi

l, an

d sh

ould

hav

e "b

uilt-

in"

flex

ibili

ty a

nd a

dapt

abili

tyfo

r fu

ture

cha

nges

in te

chno

logy

and

indu

stry

.T

he E

xpan

ding

Cur

ricu

lum

.Cur

ricu

lum

s w

hich

car

ry o

utth

e ob

ject

ives

of

indu

stri

al a

rts

have

in r

ecen

t yea

rs b

een

the

subj

ect o

f ex

tens

ive

stud

y by

nat

iona

l and

Sta

te p

rofe

ssio

nal

orga

niza

tions

, dep

artm

ents

of

educ

atio

n, c

olle

ge a

nd u

nive

r-si

ty r

esea

rch

team

s, a

s w

ell a

s le

ader

s in

the

fiel

d. S

ome

of th

ein

vest

igat

ions

are

stil

l in

proc

ess,

whi

le o

ther

s ha

ve b

een

com

plet

ed a

nd r

epor

ted.

Of

spec

ial i

nter

est t

o pl

anne

rs o

f in

-du

stri

al a

rts

faci

litie

s is

the

goal

of

all t

hese

inve

stig

atio

nsna

mel

y, h

ow b

est t

o pr

ovid

e a

prog

ram

whi

ch w

ill p

repa

repu

pils

at t

he v

ario

us g

rade

and

age

leve

ls a

nd th

ose

with

diff

eren

t edu

catio

nal c

apac

ities

and

mot

ivat

ions

for

the

tech

-no

logi

cal c

ultu

re. A

ny c

urri

culu

m, h

owev

er d

evis

ed, w

ill b

esu

bjec

t to

Stat

e an

d lo

cal c

omm

unity

det

erm

inan

ts w

hich

shou

ld b

e th

orou

ghly

exp

lore

d be

fore

ser

ious

pla

nnin

g be

gins

.

10

A b

rief

rev

iew

of

curr

icul

um d

evel

opm

ents

abo

ut w

hich

ther

e se

ems

to b

e co

nsen

sus

may

pro

vide

the

plan

ner

initi

aldi

rect

ion.

At t

he ju

nior

hig

h sc

hool

leve

lgra

des

7, 8

, and

9se

vera

l sub

ject

are

as a

re b

eing

add

ed to

the

curr

icul

um,

eith

er s

epar

atel

yas

draw

ing

or d

raft

ing,

woo

ds, m

etal

s, e

lec-

tric

ity a

nd e

lect

roni

csor

inte

grat

ed, a

s m

anuf

actu

ring

or

cons

truc

tion.

The

se g

ive

pupi

ls a

n op

port

unity

to le

arn

abou

tan

d ex

plor

e th

e m

any

face

ts o

f th

ese

indu

stri

es a

nd to

hel

pth

em d

isco

ver

and

deve

lop

wha

teve

r te

chno

logi

cal t

alen

tsth

ey m

ay p

osse

ss. T

he ty

pes

of in

dust

rial

art

s la

bora

tori

essu

itabl

e fo

r th

e ju

nior

hig

h sc

hool

pro

gram

are

the

com

pre-

hens

ive

gene

ral a

nd th

e ge

nera

l uni

t. (S

ee p

. 17

for

a di

scus

-si

on o

f th

e va

riou

s ty

pes

of la

bora

tori

es.)

The

for

mer

ispr

efer

red,

alth

ough

it r

equi

res

spec

ially

pre

pare

d te

ache

rs.

Whe

re th

e la

tter

is f

ound

, one

fac

ility

for

eac

h su

bjec

t are

a is

usua

lly p

rovi

ded.

The

se a

re m

ore

expe

nsiv

e to

equ

ip, b

utla

rger

sch

ool s

yste

ms

find

them

bet

ter

suite

d to

thei

r ne

eds.

At t

he s

enio

r hi

gh s

choo

l lev

elgr

ades

10,

11,

and

12t

hecu

rric

ulum

pro

vide

s fo

r gr

eate

r co

ncen

trat

ion

in o

ne o

r m

ore

subj

ect a

reas

whi

ch a

re o

nly

touc

hed

Lab

orat

orie

s fo

r hi

gh s

choo

l pro

gram

s ar

e of

the

gene

ral u

nit

and,

in s

ome

larg

er s

choo

ls, t

he u

nit t

ype.

Som

e sc

hool

s us

etw

o or

mor

e co

mpr

ehen

sive

gen

eral

indu

stri

al a

rts

labo

ra-

tori

es, b

ut u

sual

ly o

ffer

onl

y tw

o su

bjec

t are

as; t

hese

are

clo

sely

asso

ciat

ed, s

uch

as w

oods

and

met

als,

pow

er m

echa

nics

and

elec

tric

ity/e

lect

roni

cs, o

r gr

aphi

c ar

ts a

nd d

raft

ing.

An

appr

oach

to c

urri

culu

m d

evel

opm

ent w

hich

is c

urre

ntly

rece

ivin

g th

e at

tent

ion

of th

e pr

ofes

sion

is th

at o

utlin

ed in

the

publ

icat

ion

Indu

stri

al A

rts

and

Tec

hnol

ogy

by D

elm

ar W

.O

lson

of

Ken

t Sta

te U

nive

rsity

.4 T

he c

urri

culu

m f

or in

dus-

tria

l art

s w

hich

this

text

pre

sent

s re

flec

ts th

e te

chno

logy

be-

ginn

ing

in th

e el

emen

tary

sch

ool a

nd e

xten

ding

thro

ugh

the

univ

ersi

ty. H

is r

ecom

men

ded

curr

icul

um f

or b

oth

the

ele-

' Del

mar

W. O

lson

. Ind

ustr

ial A

rts

and

Tec

hnol

ogy.

Eng

lew

ood

Clif

fs, N

.J.:

Pren

tice-

Hal

l, In

c., 1

963.

--=

^".1

1111

11(

Page 16: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

men

tary

and

the

seco

ndar

y sc

hool

s as

outli

ned

in a

U.S

.

Off

ice

of E

duca

tion

conf

eren

ce r

epor

t 5 is

:

Ele

men

tary

Sch

ool

Gra

des

1, 2

: Tec

hnol

ogy

and

the

Com

mun

ityG

rade

s 3,

4: T

echn

olog

yan

d th

e N

atio

nG

rade

s 5,

6: T

echn

olog

yan

d th

e W

orld

juni

or

Gra

de

Gra

de

Gra

de

Seni

or

Hig

h Sc

hool

7: T

he M

anuf

actu

ring

Indu

stri

es:

cera

mic

s, c

hem

ical

s, f

ood

8: T

he M

anuf

actu

ring

Indu

stri

es:

pape

r, te

xtbo

oks,

rubb

er9:

The

Man

ufac

turi

ngIn

dust

ries

:to

ols,

mac

hine

s

Hig

h Sc

hool

Lea

ther

, pla

stic

s,

Gra

de 1

0:

Gra

de 1

1:

Gra

de 1

2:

Gra

des

10,

Gra

des

10,

Gra

phic

arts

,

Met

als,

The

Con

stru

ctio

n In

dust

ries

The

Ele

ctro

nic

Indu

stri

esT

he P

ower

Ind

ustr

ies

The

Tra

nspo

rtat

ion

Indu

stri

esT

he S

ervi

ce I

ndus

trie

sIn

dust

rial

Man

agem

ent

11, 1

2: R

esea

rch

and

Dev

elop

men

t11

, 12:

Ind

ustr

ial A

rts

Rec

reat

ion

woo

ds,

The

cha

lleng

e of

Ols

on's

res

earc

hha

s be

en a

ccep

ted

byso

me

indu

stri

al a

rts

educ

ator

s, a

mon

g th

em o

ffic

ials

of

Mai

ne's

Stat

e D

epar

tmen

t of

Edu

catio

n.T

he d

epar

tmen

t has

pre

-pa

red

a St

ate

curr

icul

um g

uide

;°re

vise

d its

teac

her

educ

atio

ncu

rric

ulum

, inc

ludi

ng d

esig

ning

and

cons

truc

ting

func

tiona

l

5---

, "W

hat G

uide

lines

Sho

uld

Be

Follo

wed

in D

eter

min

ing

Cur

-ri

culu

m C

onte

nt f

or I

ndus

tria

l Art

s?"

Impr

ovin

g In

dust

rial

Art

sT

each

ing.

Was

hing

ton:

U.S

. Gov

ernm

ent

Prin

ting

Off

ice,

196

2, p

p.23

-24.

' Ind

ustr

ial A

rts

Tec

hnol

ogy:

A S

tudy

of A

mer

ican

Ind

ustr

y.A

ugus

ta, M

aine

: Sta

te D

epar

tmen

t of

Edu

catio

n,19

65.

faci

litie

s; a

nd is

cur

rent

ly u

sing

the

new

cur

ricu

lum

in s

ever

alsc

hool

s. N

ew a

nd r

emod

eled

labo

rato

ries

at b

oth

the

juni

oran

d th

e se

nior

hig

h sc

hool

leve

ls a

reof

the

com

preh

ensi

vege

nera

l typ

e de

sign

ed to

pro

vide

expe

rien

ces

whi

ch e

ncom

pass

mos

t of

the

subj

ect a

reas

outli

ned

by O

lson

.O

ther

res

earc

h st

udie

s ho

ld p

rom

ise

for

indu

stri

al a

rts

cur-

ricu

lum

dev

elop

men

t. Fo

r ex

ampl

e,th

e re

sear

ch a

t the

Sta

teU

nive

rsity

of

New

Yor

k at

Osw

ego,

New

Yor

k, e

ntitl

ed "

Fiel

dSt

udy

in I

ndus

try

for

the

Prep

arat

ion

of I

ndus

tria

l Art

sM

ajor

s" is

exp

ecte

d to

iden

tify

man

yof

the

basi

c co

ncep

ts o

fin

dust

ry.7

At t

he U

nive

rsity

of

Min

neso

ta, M

inne

apol

is, a

proj

ect i

s in

vest

igat

ing

two

met

hods

of te

achi

ng th

e th

eory

and

prac

tice

of th

e pl

astic

sin

dust

ry.8

Ano

ther

res

earc

h st

udy,

ent

itled

"A

nIn

dust

rial

Art

s C

ur-.

ricu

lum

Pro

ject

for

the

Juni

orH

igh

Scho

ol"

cond

ucte

d at

Ohi

o St

ate

Uni

vers

ity, C

olum

bus,

Ohi

o, is

dev

elop

ing

ara

tiona

le a

nd s

truc

ture

for

indu

stri

al a

rts

subj

ect m

atte

r.°

The

se a

nd o

ther

res

earc

h st

udie

sw

ill n

o do

ubt i

nflu

ence

indu

stri

al a

rts

inst

ruct

ion.

The

eva

luat

ion

of a

chie

vem

ent

in in

dust

rial

art

s w

ill a

lso

affe

ct c

urri

culu

m d

irec

tion

and,

indi

rect

ly, f

acili

ties

plan

ning

.

Unt

il re

cent

ly s

tand

ardi

zed

test

sha

d no

t bee

n de

velo

ped

for

indu

stri

al a

rts,

hen

ce c

ompa

rativ

e da

ta o

nth

e ef

fect

iven

ess

of in

stru

ctio

n an

d co

nten

t wer

ela

ckin

g.1°

Stu

dies

pro

duci

ngsu

ch d

ata

wou

ld h

ave

a st

rong

infl

uenc

e on

the

type

and

qual

ity o

f th

e ed

ucat

ion

prov

ided

.

Fiel

d St

udy

in I

ndus

try

for

the

Prep

arat

ion

of I

ndus

tria

l Art

sT

each

ers,

Sta

te U

nive

rsity

Col

lege

,O

sweg

o, N

. Y. F

inal

rep

ort,

Proj

ect 5

-136

9, C

ontr

act 0

E-6

-10-

128,

Vol

. I. U

.S. D

epar

tmen

tof

Hea

lth, E

duca

tion,

and

Wel

fare

,Aug

ust 1

967.

A C

ompa

riso

n of

Tw

o M

etho

dsof

Tea

chin

g C

once

pts

Abo

utth

ePl

astic

Ind

ustr

y fo

r In

dust

rial

Art

sE

duca

tion,

Uni

vers

ity o

f M

inne

-so

ta. P

roje

ct N

o. 6

-802

2,C

ontr

act N

o. 0

E-6

-10-

351.

U.S

.D

epar

t-m

ent o

f H

ealth

, Edu

catio

n,an

d W

elfa

re, A

pril

1967

.A

n In

dust

rial

Art

s C

urri

culu

mPr

ojec

t for

the

Juni

or H

igh

Scho

ol,

Ohi

o St

ate

Uni

vers

ity, C

olum

bus,

Ohi

o. B

R. 5

-005

9, 0

E-5

85-0

66.

U.S

. Dep

artm

ent o

f H

ealth

, Edu

catio

n,an

d W

elfa

re.

" E

duca

tiona

l Tes

ting

Serv

ice:

Seri

es o

f St

anda

rdiz

ed I

ndus

tria

lArt

sA

chie

vem

ent T

ests

. Pri

ncet

on, N

. J. I

nPr

ess.

11

Page 17: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

Inst

ruct

iona

l Pra

ctic

es.C

lass

inst

ruct

ion

and

indi

vidu

al in

-st

ruct

ion

are

used

by

indu

stri

al a

rts

teac

hers

. Sup

plem

ente

d by

the

usua

l aud

iovi

sual

aid

s an

d de

vice

sfilm

s, s

lides

, mod

els,

moc

kups

, opa

ques

, tap

esan

d ne

wer

inst

ruct

iona

l med

iate

levi

sion

, tea

chin

g m

achi

nes,

ove

rhea

d pr

ojec

tual

s, a

nd s

ingl

eco

ncep

t film

s, s

uch

inst

ruct

ion

beco

mes

incr

easi

ngly

mor

eef

fect

ive.

How

ever

, as

the

curr

icul

um e

xpan

ds to

ref

lect

ingr

eate

r de

gree

the

adva

ncin

g te

chno

logy

, ind

ustr

ial a

rts

teac

h-er

s fi

nd it

mor

e di

ffic

ult t

o st

ay a

brea

st o

f al

l new

dev

elop

-m

ents

. Hen

ce, a

ttent

ion

is b

eing

dir

ecte

d to

war

d te

am te

ach-

ing,

whi

ch w

ill n

ot o

nly

incr

ease

teac

her

effi

cien

cy in

han

dlin

gdi

ffer

ent

grou

psof

pup

ils b

ut a

lso

perm

it ea

ch te

ache

r to

upgr

ade

and

mai

ntai

n hi

s te

chni

cal u

nder

stan

ding

and

ski

llsan

d hi

s pr

ofes

sion

al e

duca

tion

com

pete

ncie

s.T

wo

othe

r in

stru

ctio

nal p

ract

ices

whi

chm

ay a

ffec

t pla

n-ni

ng a

re r

esea

rch

and

expe

rim

enta

tion

and

mas

s or

line

prod

uctio

n.R

esea

rch

and

expe

rim

enta

tion

invo

lves

the

mor

e ad

vanc

edpu

pils

in p

robl

em-s

olvi

ng a

ctiv

ities

whi

ch ty

pify

thos

e co

n-fr

ontin

g sc

ient

ists

and

eng

inee

rs in

indu

stry

. The

pro

blem

s,

whi

ch a

re u

sual

ly c

ente

red

in in

dust

rial

mat

eria

ls o

rpr

oces

ses,

are

solv

ed b

y us

ing

the

scie

ntif

ic m

etho

d of

inqu

iry.

Exp

eri-

men

tal a

ppar

atus

is u

sed

or d

evis

ed to

arr

ive

ator

test

sol

u-tio

ns to

the

prob

lem

s. I

f sc

ienc

e la

bora

tori

esar

e ne

ar th

ein

dust

rial

art

s la

bora

tori

es, t

he n

eed

for

som

e sp

ecia

l fac

ilitie

sw

ill b

e m

inim

ized

.M

ass

or li

ne p

rodu

ctio

n, w

hich

invo

lves

the

pupi

ls in

man

u-fa

ctur

ing

a pr

oduc

t in

quan

tity

for

a ch

arita

ble

orga

niza

tion,

for

sale

, or

for

them

selv

es, i

son

e of

the

mos

t eff

ectiv

e m

eans

by w

hich

teac

hers

dev

elop

stu

dent

und

erst

andi

ng o

f th

e fu

nc-

tions

of

prod

uctio

n in

dust

ries

. Suc

h ex

peri

ence

s re

ach

pupi

lsof

all

leve

ls o

f ap

titud

e an

din

tere

st, f

rom

the

low

est t

o th

ehi

ghes

t, ea

ch f

indi

ng a

pla

ce in

whi

ch h

e ca

n pa

rtic

ipat

e su

c-ce

ssfu

lly. A

ny in

dust

rial

art

s fa

cilit

ym

aybe

use

d in

this

met

hod;

how

ever

, in

orde

r to

sim

ulat

e a

prod

uctio

n lin

e, it

isof

ten

nece

ssar

y to

mov

e an

d re

arra

nge

equi

pmen

t.T

he p

lann

ing

of in

dust

rial

art

s fa

cilit

ies

can

be c

ompl

icat

edby

evo

lvin

g cu

rric

ulum

s, S

tate

and

loca

l det

erm

inan

ts, a

nd u

n-us

ual i

nstr

uctio

nal m

etho

ds.

Plan

ning

, the

refo

re, m

ust p

rovi

defo

r fl

exib

ility

and

ada

ptab

ility

to in

nova

tion

and

chan

ge.

Lear

ning

abo

ut th

e pr

inci

ples

and

pro

blem

s of

mas

s pr

oduc

tion.

Page 18: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

CH

APT

ER

III

Plan

ning

the

Indu

stri

al A

rts

Prog

ram

The

Pla

nnin

g C

omm

ittee

rin

HE

PL

AN

NIN

G O

F IN

DU

STR

IAL

AR

TS

FAC

ILIT

IES

shou

ldin

-vo

lve

indi

vidu

als

and

grou

ps w

ho, b

ecau

se o

fth

eir

back

-gr

ound

and

exp

erie

nce,

can

mak

e va

luab

lesu

gges

tions

. Sim

i-la

rly,

by

utili

zing

all

avai

labl

e re

sour

ces

in th

eco

mm

unity

, asc

hool

will

not

onl

y m

eet c

omm

unity

nee

dsbu

t als

o ga

in th

esu

ppor

t and

con

fide

nce

of th

e pe

ople

in it

s bu

ildin

g pr

ogra

m.

The

fol

low

ing

indi

vidu

als

or g

roup

s ca

n si

gnif

ican

tlyco

ntri

b-

ute

to a

nd s

houl

d pa

rtic

ipat

e on

the

plan

ning

com

mitt

ee o

ras

sist

as

cons

ulta

nts

or r

esou

rce

pers

ons:

* T

he in

dust

rial

art

s te

achi

ng s

taff

who

unde

rsta

nds

the

curr

icul

um, t

he o

bjec

tives

to b

e ac

hiev

ed, t

he m

etho

dsto

be

used

, the

kin

ds o

fac

tiviti

es to

be

unde

rtak

en,

the

orga

niza

tion

and

man

agem

ent o

f th

e pr

ogra

m,

and

the

rela

tions

hip

of th

e pr

ogra

m to

the

com

mun

ityan

d its

nee

ds.

* L

ocal

sch

ool a

dmin

istr

ator

s w

ho a

re c

once

rned

for

the

over

all e

duca

tiona

l pro

gram

, the

goa

ls o

f th

esc

hool

,

and

the

rela

tions

hips

bet

wee

n al

l sub

ject

fie

lds.

* L

ocal

sch

ool b

oard

mem

bers

who

are

aw

are

of th

elo

ng-r

ange

nee

ds o

f th

e co

mm

unity

, the

fin

anci

al a

r-ra

ngem

ents

to b

e m

ade,

and

the

attit

ude

of th

e co

m-

mun

ity to

war

d th

e bu

ildin

g pr

ogra

m.

* L

ocal

or

Stat

e su

perv

isor

s of

indu

stri

al a

rts

who

hav

eta

ught

and

who

kno

w th

e ty

pes

of f

acili

ties

arou

ndth

eSt

ate

whi

ch m

eet t

he o

bjec

tives

of

the

indu

stri

al a

rts.

* R

epre

sent

ativ

es f

rom

the

Stat

e de

part

men

t on

scho

ol

plan

ts a

nd f

acili

ties

who

kno

w th

e St

ate'

sre

gula

tions

arch

itect

ural

, leg

al, a

nd e

duca

tiona

land

hav

e w

ide

expe

rien

ce w

ith s

choo

l bui

ldin

g pr

oble

ms,

nee

ds, a

ndpo

ssib

ilitie

s.

* R

epre

sent

ativ

es f

rom

equ

ipm

ent m

anuf

actu

rers

who

unde

rsta

nd r

equi

rem

ents

and

spe

cifi

catio

ns o

fpl

ans,

who

can

adv

ise

on a

vaila

bilit

y an

d de

liver

y of

nec

essa

ryeq

uipm

ent.

* O

utst

andi

ng p

upils

who

may

hav

e us

edla

bora

tory

faci

litie

s an

d ar

e aw

are

of n

eeds

that

enc

oura

gepu

pils

to s

triv

e to

mee

t pro

gram

obje

ctiv

es.

* A

bui

ldin

g en

gine

er w

ho u

nder

stan

ds h

eatin

g,lig

htin

g,ve

ntila

tion,

plu

mbi

ng, a

nd o

ther

fac

ilitie

s th

atm

ake

the

build

ing

safe

and

fun

ctio

nal.

* A

pro

fess

iona

l arc

hite

ct w

ho h

as th

eim

agin

atio

n an

dsk

ill to

inco

rpor

ate

the

idea

s of

oth

ers

into

the

desi

gn

for

an a

ttrac

tive

and

func

tiona

l bui

ldin

g or

faci

litie

s

whi

ch w

ill n

ot o

nly

mee

t the

edu

catio

nal n

eeds

of

the

com

mun

ity to

day

but a

lso

refl

ect i

ts a

spir

atio

nsfo

r

the

futu

re.

Plan

ning

Pro

cedu

res

Aft

er a

pla

nnin

g co

mm

ittee

has

bee

n ap

poin

ted,

usu

ally

by

the

loca

l sch

ool a

dmin

istr

ator

s, p

roce

dura

l arr

ange

men

ts a

re 13

Page 19: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

esta

blis

hed

and

targ

et d

ates

ass

igne

d fo

r co

mpl

etio

n of

the

follo

win

g pl

anni

ng s

tage

s:

1.Se

curi

ng a

nd r

evie

win

g lit

erat

ure

on th

e in

dust

rial

arts

pro

gram

in e

lem

enta

ry a

nd s

econ

dary

sch

ools

feat

urin

g m

ater

ials

on

plan

ning

.

2. R

evie

win

g pe

rtin

ent d

ata

from

com

plet

ed lo

ng-r

ange

scho

ol a

nd c

omm

unity

sur

veys

, suc

h as

pop

ulat

ion

chan

ges,

com

mun

ity c

hara

cter

istic

s, a

ppar

ent i

nter

est

in in

dust

rial

art

s, a

nd s

tatu

s of

fac

ilitie

s.

3.V

isiti

ng n

ew o

r re

mod

eled

sch

ools

in c

ompa

rabl

eco

mm

uniti

es h

avin

g ne

w f

acili

ties

for

indu

stri

al a

rts

to c

olle

ct r

elia

ble

data

but

not

nec

essa

rily

to c

opy

plan

s.

4. S

umm

ariz

ing

the

data

col

lect

ed a

nd d

ecid

ing

onsp

ecif

ic f

acili

ties

to m

eet t

he n

eeds

for

the

indu

stri

alar

ts in

stru

ctio

nal p

rogr

am.

5.Pr

epar

ing

the

educ

atio

nal s

peci

fica

tions

for

app

rova

lof

the

adm

inis

trat

ors

and/

or th

e sc

hool

boa

rd, a

ndfo

r su

bmis

sion

to th

e ar

chite

ct.

The

pre

para

tion

of e

duca

tiona

l spe

cifi

catio

ns is

per

haps

the

mos

t im

port

ant f

unct

ion

of th

e pl

anni

ng c

omm

ittee

. The

sesp

ecif

icat

ions

con

vey

to th

e ad

min

istr

ator

and

the

arch

itect

wha

t sho

uld

be s

peci

fica

lly c

onsi

dere

d in

pla

nnin

g th

e de

part

-m

ent a

nd it

s fa

cilit

ies.

The

y sh

ould

be

wri

tten

and

pres

ente

din

suc

h a

man

ner

as to

leav

e lit

tle o

r no

dou

bt a

bout

wha

t is

expe

cted

. Flo

or p

lans

and

ske

tche

s or

oth

er il

lust

ratio

ns o

fsp

ecia

l fac

ilitie

s m

ay a

lso

be p

rovi

ded.

Edu

catio

nal s

peci

fica

tions

for

the

indu

stri

al a

rts

depa

rtm

ent

shou

ld in

clud

e:(1

)th

e ph

iloso

phy

and

obje

ctiv

es o

f th

esc

hool

and

pro

gram

; (2)

the

num

ber

and

char

acte

rist

ics

ofth

e pu

pils

to b

e se

rved

; (3)

the

prog

ram

of

stud

ies,

incl

udin

gco

urse

s to

be

offe

red,

teac

hing

met

hods

, and

mat

eria

ls; (

4)fa

cilit

ies

and

serv

ices

nee

ded,

suc

h as

sto

rage

, pla

nnin

gar

ea,

pow

er a

nd li

ghtin

g, v

entil

atio

n an

d fu

me

exha

usts

, the

rmal

14

and

air

cond

ition

ing,

flo

ors

and

floo

r co

veri

ngs,

plu

mbi

ng f

orai

r, g

as, w

ater

, and

dra

ins;

and

sou

nd a

nd c

olor

con

ditio

ning

;(5

) sp

ace

requ

irem

ents

and

flo

or p

lans

; and

(6)

equ

ipm

ent,

mat

eria

ls, a

nd s

uppl

ies.

The

sco

pe a

nd q

ualit

y of

thes

e sp

ecif

icat

ions

will

be

re-

flec

ted

in th

e de

sign

and

pla

ns p

repa

red

by th

e ar

chite

ct w

hom

ust h

ave

a cl

ear

pict

ure

of th

e to

tal p

rogr

am. I

t may

be

adva

ntag

eous

to h

ave

an a

rchi

tect

who

is u

nfam

iliar

with

mod

ern

indu

stri

al a

rts

prog

ram

s vi

sit a

nd o

bser

ve s

ome

clas

ses

so th

at h

e m

ay r

elat

e so

me

of th

e sp

ecif

icat

ions

to a

ctua

l pra

c-tic

e. T

his

will

not

onl

y im

prov

e hi

s un

ders

tand

ing

of th

epr

ogra

m b

ut m

ay a

lso

sugg

est o

ther

pos

sibi

litie

s fo

r us

ing

spac

e, d

esig

ning

fac

ilitie

s th

at f

it sp

ecif

ic n

eeds

, and

pla

cing

equi

pmen

t.C

oope

ratio

n be

twee

n th

e pl

anni

ng c

omm

ittee

, the

arc

hite

ct,

the

adm

inis

trat

or, a

nd th

e co

mm

unity

is e

ssen

tial t

o th

e su

c-ce

ssfu

l im

plem

enta

tion

of b

uild

ing

or r

emod

elin

g pl

ans.

The

arch

itect

's in

terp

reta

tions

of

the

need

s in

dica

ted

in th

e ed

uca-

tiona

l spe

cifi

catio

ns s

houl

d be

rev

iew

ed b

y th

e su

peri

nten

dent

,th

e pl

anni

ng c

omm

ittee

, and

sch

ool b

oard

. The

ori

gina

l pla

nsm

ay h

ave

to b

e ch

ange

d to

mee

t fin

anci

al li

mita

tions

; to

adap

t the

fac

ilitie

s to

a m

ore

favo

rabl

e lo

catio

n; to

adj

ust t

oth

e de

man

ds o

f ot

her

depa

rtm

ents

; or,

in th

e ca

se o

f re

-m

odel

ed f

acili

ties,

to o

verc

ome

obst

acle

s no

t pre

viou

sly

en-

visi

oned

. How

ever

, the

pla

nnin

g co

mm

ittee

sho

uld

be g

iven

an o

ppor

tuni

ty to

hel

p de

term

ine

whi

ch a

djus

tmen

ts c

an b

em

ade.

Cre

ativ

e ar

chite

cts

will

be

aler

t to

poss

ible

mea

ns o

fm

eetin

g re

quir

emen

ts w

ith th

e fu

nds

avai

labl

e.T

he r

ole

of th

e pl

anni

ng c

omm

ittee

doe

s no

t end

with

the

appr

oval

of

the

build

ing

plan

s. T

he c

omm

ittee

mus

t dev

elop

scal

ed f

loor

pla

ns; l

ocat

e al

l equ

ipm

ent a

nd s

afe

wor

king

area

s to

pro

vide

for

the

flow

of

mat

eria

ls a

nd th

e sa

fety

of

teac

hers

and

pup

ils, a

nd lo

cate

spe

cial

fac

ilitie

s su

ch a

s fl

oor

drai

ns, h

oods

, ser

vice

s, v

entil

atio

n, a

nd e

xhau

sts.

It m

ust b

ere

ady

to p

rovi

de in

form

atio

n or

app

rova

l nee

ded

by th

e ar

chi-

Page 20: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

tect

as

the

build

ing

is c

onst

ruct

ed. L

ast-

min

ute

chan

ges

re-

sulti

ng f

rom

man

ufac

turi

ngde

lays

or

canc

ella

tions

may

cal

l

for

cons

ulta

tive

actio

n. W

here

pos

sibl

eth

e co

mm

ittee

sho

uld

obse

rve

the

build

ing

at v

ario

us s

tage

sof

con

stru

ctio

n an

d ca

ll

the

arch

itect

's a

ttent

ion

to a

ny d

iscr

epan

cies

or c

hang

esfr

om

the

spec

ific

atio

ns. F

inal

ly,

afte

r th

e bu

ildin

g ha

s be

en c

om-

plet

ed a

nd r

eadi

edfo

r oc

cupa

ncy,

the

com

mitt

eesh

ould

eval

uate

the

faci

litie

s w

ithre

fere

nce

to it

s pl

anni

ng, t

he d

e-si

gn, a

nd th

eco

nstr

uctio

n.

Pupi

ls a

ndO

ther

Gro

ups

Usi

ng th

e Fa

cilit

iesl

A w

ide

rang

e of

indi

vidu

als

and

grou

ps m

ay b

e se

rved

by

the

indu

stri

al a

rts

prog

ram

. The

pot

entia

l gro

ups,

toge

ther

with

thei

r ch

arac

teri

stic

s an

d ne

eds,

shou

ld b

e co

nsid

ered

inso

far

as p

ossi

ble

whe

n pl

anni

ng a

nd e

quip

ping

the

depa

rt-

men

t.E

lem

enta

ry S

choo

l Pup

ils.I

nco

mm

uniti

es w

here

indu

stri

al

arts

is in

clud

ed in

the

elem

enta

ry s

choo

ls,

pupi

ls a

re ta

ught

toun

ders

tand

the

man

mad

e en

viro

nmen

t thr

ough

indu

stri

al a

rts

activ

ities

in w

hich

they

mod

ify

mat

eria

ls to

incr

ease

thei

rva

lue

in m

eetin

g hu

man

nee

ds. C

onsu

ltant

sfr

om e

ither

the

juni

or o

r se

nior

hig

h sc

hool

, or

supe

rvis

ors,

may

assi

st th

eel

emen

tary

sch

ool t

each

ers

in p

lann

ing,

dev

elop

ing,

and

en-

rich

ing

units

or

activ

ities

whi

ch c

an h

elp

to d

evel

op th

epu

pils

' und

erst

andi

ngan

d ap

prec

iatio

n of

our

indu

stri

al

soci

ety.

Whe

ther

the

faci

litie

s pr

ovid

ed f

or in

dust

rial

art

s ar

e pa

rtof

the

regu

lar

clas

sroo

m o

r se

para

te, t

he p

hysi

cal,

emot

iona

l,an

d in

telle

ctua

l cha

ract

eris

tics

of th

e ch

ildre

n m

ust

be c

on-

side

red.

Fle

xibi

lity

in th

e ar

rang

emen

t of

equi

pmen

tad

d

spac

e; s

tora

gefo

r eq

uipm

ent,

tool

s, m

ater

ials

, and

pup

ils'

wor

k; a

nd e

quip

men

t sca

led

to th

e ph

ysic

allim

itatio

ns o

f th

e

pupi

ls a

re e

ssen

tial.

Han

d-ey

e co

ordi

natio

n, a

tth

is le

vel p

ar-

Ada

pted

fro

m J

ames

L. T

aylo

r an

d Jo

hnie

Chr

istia

n, P

lann

ing

Func

tiona

l Fac

ilitie

s fo

r H

ome

Eco

nom

ics

Edu

catio

n. W

ashi

ngto

n:U

.S. G

over

nmen

t Pri

ntin

g O

ffic

e, 1

965,

pp.

12-

16.

ticul

arly

, sho

uld

also

infl

uenc

e th

e se

lect

ion

of e

quip

men

tan

d

tool

s. T

he f

ollo

win

g sh

ould

be

cons

ider

ed c

aref

ully

.

* E

lem

enta

ry s

choo

l too

l pan

els,

sto

rage

are

as (

cabi

nets

and

draw

ers)

and

wor

k su

rfac

es (

benc

hes)

shou

ld b

e

desi

gned

for

eas

y ac

cess

and

for

the

heig

ht o

f th

epu

pils

usi

ng th

em.

* Po

rtab

le to

ol p

anel

s sh

ould

be

econ

omic

al, a

ttrac

tive,

stur

dy a

nd c

onse

rve

clas

sroo

m s

pace

.

* Sh

arp-

edge

d to

ols

shou

ld b

e ar

rang

ed in

tool

hold

ers

whi

ch e

nclo

se th

e cu

tting

edg

e.*

Col

or c

odin

g of

tool

s is

rec

omm

ende

d.

Juni

or H

igh

Scho

ol P

upils

.In

man

yco

mm

uniti

es th

e

juni

or h

igh

scho

ol r

epre

sent

sth

e le

vel a

t whi

ch m

ost b

oys

take

indu

stri

al a

rts.

(O

ften

gir

ls a

real

so e

nrol

led

for

shor

t

units

or

cour

ses.

) Fo

r m

any

boys

this

will

be

the

only

opp

or-

tuni

ty th

ey w

ill h

ave

tota

ke in

dust

rial

art

s; th

eref

ore,

faci

li-

ties

shou

ld b

e pr

ovid

ed a

t thi

sle

vel f

or te

achi

ng a

wid

eva

riet

y of

cou

rses

. Som

ech

arac

teri

stic

s of

this

age

gro

up th

atw

ill in

flue

nce

spac

e an

d eq

uipm

ent r

equi

rem

ents

are

:

*Ju

nior

hig

h sc

hool

you

ths

vary

a g

reat

deal

in h

eigh

t;an

d so

me

vari

atio

n in

hei

ght

of s

uch

equi

pmen

t as

benc

hes,

sto

rage

rac

ks,

and

tool

cab

inet

s sh

ould

be

prov

ided

.*

Juni

or h

igh

scho

ol p

upils

, par

ticul

arly

in th

e se

vent

han

d ei

ghth

gra

des,

are

usu

ally

ver

y en

erge

tic,

like

to

expe

rim

ent,

and

pref

er la

bora

tory

exp

erie

nces

to o

b-se

rvat

ions

of

othe

rs a

t wor

k. S

ince

they

find

it d

iffi

cult

to c

once

ntra

te d

urin

g lo

ngdi

scus

sion

per

iods

, equ

ip-

men

t sho

uld

be p

lann

edfo

r fu

ll pa

rtic

ipat

ion

of th

eto

tal g

roup

in a

ll la

bora

tory

wor

k.*

Pupi

ls o

f th

is a

ge g

roup

mov

eab

out f

reel

y, a

nd th

eir

activ

ities

are

mor

e ea

sily

sup

ervi

sed

and

regu

late

dif

cond

ition

s ar

e sp

acio

us r

athe

r th

ancr

owde

d.

15

Page 21: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

* T

heir

inte

rest

in a

nd n

atur

al d

esir

e fo

r m

echa

nica

lex

pres

sion

and

for

fin

ding

out

abo

ut th

e w

orld

into

whi

ch th

ey a

re b

eing

indu

cted

req

uire

a w

ide

vari

ety

of e

quip

men

t and

act

iviti

es.

Seni

or H

igh

Scho

ol P

upils

.The

se p

upils

are

app

roac

hing

adul

thoo

d an

d ta

ke in

dust

rial

art

s be

caus

e of

thei

r in

tere

st in

gain

ing

addi

tiona

l inf

orm

atio

n an

d ex

peri

ence

in o

ne o

r m

ore

spec

ific

sub

ject

are

as o

r be

caus

e of

cho

osin

g a

prof

essi

on to

purs

uela

ter

in g

reat

er d

epth

for

em

ploy

men

t. So

me

char

ac-

teri

stic

s of

this

age

gro

up a

re:

*A

lthou

gh th

ey a

re in

tere

sted

in a

bstr

act t

hink

ing

and

can

conc

entr

ate

on a

pro

blem

for

a lo

nger

per

iod

oftim

e th

an b

efor

e, th

ey s

till e

njoy

act

ivity

. Spa

ce a

ndeq

uipm

ent a

re n

eede

d th

at w

ill e

ncou

rage

them

tote

st th

eir

idea

s an

d de

velo

p th

eir

judg

men

t.

*T

hey

are

conc

erne

d w

ith p

erso

nal a

ppea

ranc

e, f

rien

d-sh

ips,

fut

ure

care

ers,

and

oth

er p

erso

nal p

robl

ems.

Mat

eria

ls a

nd e

quip

men

t to

mee

t the

se n

eeds

are

esse

ntia

l.

*T

hey

are

appr

oach

ing

adul

t lev

els

in p

hysi

cal a

ndm

enta

l gro

wth

. Whi

le th

eir

beha

vior

may

not

alw

ays

be a

dult-

like,

they

exp

ect

resp

onse

s, o

ppor

tuni

ties,

and

free

dom

that

wou

ld b

e ac

cord

ed a

dults

. Tea

chin

gfa

cilit

ies

and

activ

ities

sho

uld

prov

ide

for

inde

pend

ent

as w

ell a

s gr

oup

part

icip

atio

n w

here

mat

ure

judg

men

tsca

n be

dev

elop

ed.

Indu

stri

al A

rts

Clu

b.Y

outh

org

aniz

atio

ns a

re p

layi

ng a

nin

crea

sing

ly im

port

ant r

ole

in a

ll ph

ases

of

educ

atio

n. I

ndus

-tr

ial a

rts

club

s, p

rom

oted

eith

er lo

cally

or

by o

ne o

f th

ena

tiona

l ass

ocia

tions

, are

bec

omin

g an

inte

gral

part

of

the

prog

ram

and

shou

ld b

e co

nsid

ered

in p

lann

ing.

Som

e of

thei

rne

eds

are:

16

*Sp

ace

for

gene

ral m

eetin

gs a

nd f

or s

mal

l gro

up d

is-

cuss

ions

and

act

iviti

es. T

he la

bora

tory

pla

nnin

g ce

nter

may

be u

sed

for

the

latte

r.*

Spac

e fo

r of

fice

rs a

nd a

dvis

ers

to p

lan

activ

ities

and

prog

ram

s.T

he p

lann

ing

cent

erm

aybe

use

d fo

r th

ispu

rpos

e as

wel

l.

*St

orag

e sp

ace

for

activ

ities

or

proj

ects

in w

hich

the

mem

bers

are

invo

lved

, clu

b re

cord

s, o

ld p

arap

hern

alia

,an

d di

spla

ys.

Han

dica

pped

Pup

ils.S

peci

al f

acili

ties

are

usua

lly r

equi

red

to p

erm

it th

ese

pupi

ls to

par

ticip

ate

alon

g w

ith th

eir

clas

s-m

ates

. Por

tabl

e an

d/or

adj

usta

ble

equi

pmen

t sho

uld

be c

on-

side

red

with

add

ed e

mph

asis

upon

saf

ety

fact

ors.

The

reso

urce

ful t

each

er c

an m

ake

the

nece

ssar

y ad

just

men

ts to

mee

t spe

cifi

c ne

eds

or c

an r

ecog

nize

alte

rnat

ives

, par

ticul

arly

whe

re h

azar

ds a

re p

rese

nt o

r im

min

ent.

Adu

lts a

nd O

ut-o

f-Sc

hool

You

th.T

he u

se o

f sc

hool

bui

ld-

ings

as

com

mun

ity c

ente

rs a

fter

sch

ool h

ours

is a

com

mon

prac

tice.

The

indu

stri

al a

rts

depa

rtm

ent

may

be u

sed

in th

eev

enin

g by

out

-of-

scho

ol y

outh

s an

d ad

ults

to im

prov

e th

eir

recr

eatio

nal o

r ho

bby

skill

s, le

arn

sim

ple

serv

icin

g te

chni

ques

for

mai

ntai

ning

or

repa

irin

g pr

oduc

ts in

and

aro

und

the

hom

e, o

r, in

som

e in

stan

ces,

dev

elop

cer

tain

ski

lls u

sefu

l in

thei

r em

ploy

men

t, al

thou

gh th

is is

not

the

inte

nt o

f th

epr

o-gr

am. P

lann

ing

for

such

use

s re

quir

es c

aref

ul c

onsi

dera

tion

ofen

tran

ces

and

exits

whi

ch c

an b

e us

ed a

nd c

ontr

olle

d w

ithou

tac

cess

to o

ther

par

ts o

f th

e bu

ildin

g; a

dditi

onal

and

/or

sepa

-ra

te s

tora

ge f

acili

ties

for

the

prod

ucts

or

activ

ities

of

the

even

ing

prog

ram

, par

ticul

arly

if d

iffe

rent

inst

ruct

ors

are

em-

ploy

ed; t

oile

t fac

ilitie

s fo

r bo

th m

en a

nd w

omen

with

in o

rne

ar th

e la

bora

tory

; mob

ility

of

equi

pmen

t to

mee

t the

nee

dsof

the

activ

ities

; and

loca

lized

ligh

ting

for

clos

e w

ork.

Page 22: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

CH

APT

ER

IV

Spac

e an

d Fa

cilit

ies

Nee

ded

FUN

CT

ION

AL

LY

PL

AN

NE

D S

PAC

E A

ND

FA

CIL

ITIE

S FO

R I

ND

US-

TR

IAL

AR

TS

not o

nly

assi

stth

e in

stru

ctor

in im

plem

entin

ghi

s pr

ogra

m b

ut a

lso

mot

ivat

e th

e pu

pils

by

prov

idin

g an

envi

ronm

ent a

nd a

tmos

pher

e th

at e

ncou

rage

lear

ning

.H

owav

aila

ble

spac

eis

utili

zed

cont

ribu

tes

to th

e ed

ucat

iona

lus

eful

ness

of

the

faci

litie

s.O

ne o

f th

e m

ost p

ress

ing

prob

lem

s fa

ced

by p

lann

ers

ofin

dust

rial

art

s fa

cilit

ies

is th

e pr

ovis

ion

for

flex

ibili

ty.

The

evol

ving

cur

ricu

lum

; ins

truc

tiona

l pra

ctic

es a

nd e

mph

ases

for

diff

eren

t gra

de a

nd a

bilit

y le

vels

; tec

hnol

ogic

al c

hang

esin

mat

eria

ls, p

roce

sses

, and

equ

ipm

ent;

fluc

tuat

ions

in e

nrol

l-m

ent;

need

s of

spe

cial

gro

ups

to b

e se

rved

;an

d in

crea

sed

utili

zatio

n of

the

faci

litie

s ar

e so

me

of th

e im

port

ant c

onsi

d-er

atio

ns. T

he p

rovi

sion

of

faci

litie

s an

d sp

ace

that

can

be

adju

sted

, rea

rran

ged,

and

alte

red

as th

e ne

ed a

rise

s is

the

key

to f

lexi

bilit

y. T

he m

any

sugg

estio

ns in

cha

pter

III

pro

vide

plan

ners

with

som

e di

rect

ion

in d

esig

ning

for

this

goa

l.Sp

ace

for

indu

stri

al a

rts

educ

atio

n is

usu

ally

of

two

type

sm

ain

labo

rato

ry s

pace

and

aux

iliar

y sp

ace.

The

mai

n la

bora

tory

spa

ce is

the

open

are

a de

sign

ed to

hous

e th

e pr

inci

pal e

quip

men

t. It

is o

f su

ffic

ient

siz

e to

ac-

com

mod

ate

the

need

s of

all

the

stud

ents

in th

e cl

ass.

Aux

iliar

y sp

ace

is a

ny a

dditi

onal

are

a de

sign

ed to

sup

ple-

men

t and

incr

ease

the

effe

ctiv

enes

s of

the

mai

nla

bora

tory

spac

e, s

uch

as th

e de

part

men

tal l

ibra

ry a

ndpl

anni

ng a

rea,

the

teac

her's

off

ice,

sto

rage

spa

ce, f

inis

hing

roo

m, a

nd d

ark-

room

. Som

etim

es th

e sp

aces

usu

ally

desi

gnat

ed a

s au

xilia

rysp

ace

are

desi

gned

as

an in

tegr

al p

art o

f th

e m

ain

labo

rato

ry

spac

e. T

he p

lann

ing

area

and

teac

her's

off

ice

are

ofte

n fo

und

in th

is w

ay. W

heth

er o

r no

t the

mai

n la

bora

tory

arr

ange

men

tan

d th

e au

xilia

ry s

pace

s ar

e co

mbi

ned

is a

mat

ter

of in

di-

vidu

al c

hoic

e, b

ut th

e fu

nctio

ns e

ach

perf

orm

s ar

eim

port

ant

to th

e sm

ooth

ope

ratio

n of

the

depa

rtm

ent a

nd s

houl

d be

cons

ider

ed. V

ario

us ty

pes

of s

pace

are

dis

cuss

ed b

elow

.

Lab

orat

orie

sN

umbe

r an

d T

ypes

.The

num

ber

and

type

s of

labo

rato

ries

whi

ch a

par

ticul

ar s

choo

l sho

uld

have

dep

end

upon

seve

ral

fact

ors,

suc

h as

the

scop

e of

the

indu

stri

al a

rts

curr

icul

um, t

hegr

ade

leve

ls, a

nd th

e sc

hool

enr

ollm

ent.

In a

stu

dyof

indu

s-tr

ial a

rts

educ

atio

n in

the

Uni

ted

Stat

es, S

chm

ittan

d Pe

lley

1re

port

ed th

at 7

3.9

perc

ent o

f al

l the

sch

ools

sam

pled

had

indu

stri

al a

rts

prog

ram

s, a

nd th

at th

e av

erag

e nu

mbe

rof

labo

rato

ries

ran

ged

from

1 in

sch

ools

with

enr

ollm

ents

up

to30

0 pu

pils

to 7

in s

choo

ls o

f 2,

500

or m

ore

pupi

ls.

Dat

a co

l-le

cted

at t

he ti

me

of th

e su

rvey

rev

eale

d th

at in

the

publ

icsc

hool

s 68

.5 p

erce

nt o

ffer

ed g

ener

al in

dust

rial

art

s;63

.2 p

er-

cent

, gen

eral

woo

ds; 6

3.9

perc

ent,

draf

ting;

41.

4 pe

rcen

t,ge

nera

l met

als;

17.

9 pe

rcen

t, el

ectr

icity

/ele

ctro

nics

;16

.2 p

er-

cent

, cra

fts;

12.

4 pe

rcen

t, gr

aphi

c ar

ts;

10.6

per

cent

, pow

erm

echa

nics

; and

5.1

per

cent

for

all

othe

r co

urse

s.T

he ty

pe o

f sc

hool

see

ms

to h

ave

an e

ffec

t on

the

type

ofin

dust

rial

art

s co

urse

s of

fere

d. F

or e

xam

ple,

82.

4 pe

rcen

tof

Mar

shal

l L. S

chm

itt a

nd A

lber

t L. P

ette

y, I

ndus

tria

l Art

sE

duca

-tio

n: A

Sur

vey

of P

rogr

ams,

Tea

cher

s, S

tude

nts,

and

Cur

ricu

lum

.W

ashi

ngto

n: U

.S. G

over

nmen

t Pri

ntin

g O

ffic

e, 1

966.

148

p.

.44.

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4....

..c.4

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1.0.

4444

03.4

,10.

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9C64

Arg

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,srg

ar.z

r

17

4

Page 23: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

18

ELE

ME

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Y

INT

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Page 24: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

the

juni

or-s

enio

r hi

gh s

choo

lsof

fere

d ge

nera

l ind

ustr

ial a

rts,

whe

reas

50.

1 pe

rcen

t off

ered

it in

the

seni

or h

igh

scho

ol.

A

tota

l of

44.0

per

cent

of

the

juni

or h

igh

scho

ols

offe

red

draf

t-in

g, w

here

as 9

1.0

perc

ent o

f th

ese

nior

hig

h sc

hool

s of

fere

d it.

All

othe

r co

urse

s ex

cept

for

gene

ral i

ndus

tria

l art

s an

d cr

afts

,

wer

e of

fere

d m

ore

freq

uent

ly a

t the

sen

ior

high

than

at t

heju

nior

hig

h sc

hool

leve

l. T

he a

vera

gecl

ass

enro

llmen

t in

indu

s-

tria

l art

s w

as 1

9.3;

the

aver

age

num

ber

of c

lass

es ta

ught

in

all s

choo

ls w

as f

ive.

Thr

ee ty

pes

of in

dust

rial

art

sla

bora

tori

esco

mpr

ehen

sive

gene

ral,

gene

ral u

nit,

and

unita

refo

und

in s

choo

ls th

roug

h-

out t

he c

ount

ry. A

tth

e ju

nior

hig

h sc

hool

leve

l,w

here

abr

oad

orie

ntat

ion

to a

ll su

bjec

t are

asis

con

side

red

esse

ntia

l,

one

or m

ore

com

preh

ensi

ve g

ener

al la

bora

tori

es a

reus

ed,

depe

ndin

g up

on th

e to

tal s

choo

l enr

ollm

ent.

In a

sm

all s

choo

l,w

ith a

n en

rollm

ent u

p to

300

pup

ils, o

nesu

ch la

bora

tory

may

prov

ide

for

man

y su

bjec

t are

as a

t the

vari

ous

grad

e le

vels

;th

at is

, woo

ds, m

etal

s, p

ower

mec

hani

cs,e

lect

rici

ty/e

lect

roni

cs,

draf

ting,

and

gra

phic

art

s. I

n ve

ry s

mal

lsc

hool

s lo

cate

d in

rem

ote

area

s, m

obile

van

s or

tran

spor

tabl

e un

its e

quip

ped

with

indu

stri

al a

rts

faci

litie

s ar

e so

met

imes

used

. One

van

may

ser

ve s

ever

alsc

hool

s on

a r

egul

arly

sch

edul

ed b

asis

.In

a la

rger

sch

ool w

ith a

n en

rollm

ent u

p to

750,

two

or th

ree

com

preh

ensi

ve g

ener

al la

bora

tori

es m

ay b

eus

ed, e

ach

serv

ing

seve

ral r

elat

ed s

ubje

ct a

reas

at t

hedi

ffer

ent g

rade

leve

ls.

Dra

ftin

g as

a s

ubje

ct a

rea

is o

ften

incl

uded

with

any

or

all

com

bina

tions

of

subj

ect a

reas

In

scho

ols

with

ove

r75

0 pu

pils

enro

lled,

thre

e or

mar

e co

mpr

ehen

sive

gen

eral

indu

stri

al a

rts

labo

rato

ries

may

be

used

, with

inst

ruct

ion

limite

d to

not

mor

eth

an tw

o re

late

d su

bjec

t are

as; f

or e

xam

ple,

woo

ds a

nd m

etal

s,dr

aftin

g an

d gr

aphi

c ar

ts, p

ower

mec

hani

cs a

ndc:

ectr

icity

/el

ectr

onic

s. I

n sc

hool

s w

ith e

nrol

lmen

ts o

ver

1,50

0, p

upils

hav

e

Ele

ctric

ity/E

lect

roni

cs

Pow

er M

echa

nics

IIl

Mob

ile v

ans

or tr

ansp

orta

ble

units

brin

gin

dust

rial a

rts

to s

mal

ler,

isol

ated

sch

ools

.

19

Page 25: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

oppo

rtun

ities

to s

elec

t ins

truc

tion

from

fou

r to

six

gen

eral

uni

tla

bora

tori

es, e

ach

prov

idin

g in

stru

ctio

n in

sev

eral

pha

ses

of a

sing

le in

dust

rial

art

s su

bjec

t are

a, s

uch

as g

ener

al w

oods

,ge

nera

l met

als,

gra

phic

art

s, e

lect

rici

ty/e

lect

roni

cs, o

r tr

ans-

port

atio

n.A

t the

hig

h sc

hool

leve

l, a

smal

l sch

ool m

ay h

ave

a co

mpr

e-he

nsiv

e ge

nera

l lab

orat

ory,

esp

ecia

lly w

here

no

juni

or h

igh

scho

ol p

rogr

am is

off

ered

. Mos

t if

not a

ll of

the

subj

ect a

reas

are

incl

uded

and

taug

ht a

t the

dif

fere

nt g

rade

leve

ls.

Thi

sty

pe o

f la

bora

tory

may

als

o be

use

d in

the

larg

er h

igh

scho

olto

ori

ent t

o th

e pr

ogra

m p

upils

who

hav

e ha

d no

pre

viou

sin

dust

rial

art

s in

stru

ctio

n. I

n sc

hool

s w

ith a

n en

rollm

ent o

f2,

000

pupi

ls, s

ever

al u

nit l

abor

ator

ies

may

be

prov

ided

espe

cial

ly a

t the

upp

er-g

rade

leve

ls, t

o he

lp p

upils

gai

n a

deep

er u

nder

stan

ding

of

the

subj

ect m

atte

r. C

omm

unity

need

s, h

owev

er, s

houl

d di

ctat

e th

e fe

asib

ility

of

incl

udin

gun

it-ty

pe f

acT

. tie

s in

the

high

sch

ool b

ecau

se o

f th

e co

sts.

The

pla

nner

sho

uld

be c

once

rned

with

two

aspe

cts

of la

b-or

ator

y ar

rang

emen

t: th

e ex

tern

al r

elat

ions

hip

betw

een

lab-

orat

orie

s, w

hene

ver

ther

ear

e se

vera

l, an

d th

ein

tern

alar

rang

emen

ts o

f fa

cilit

ies

and

equi

pmen

t req

uire

d by

the

subj

ect a

rea.

Ext

erna

l Arr

ange

men

t.Whe

n fa

cilit

ies

for

two

or m

ore

diff

eren

t sub

ject

are

as a

re p

lann

ed, t

he r

elat

ions

hips

bet

wee

nar

eas

mus

t be

care

fully

con

side

red

so th

at m

axim

um le

arni

ngan

d us

e of

fac

ilitie

s w

ill b

e as

sure

d. F

or e

xam

ple,

bec

ause

of

thei

r si

mila

rity

of

func

tions

, the

woo

ds, m

etal

s, a

nd c

onst

ruc-

tion

labo

rato

ries

may

sha

re s

tora

ge, f

inis

hing

, and

pla

nnin

gfa

cilit

ies.

Oth

er s

ubje

ct a

reas

whi

ch h

ave

man

y si

mila

r fu

nc-

tions

are

: ele

ctri

city

/ele

ctro

nics

and

pow

er m

echa

nics

; and

grap

hic

arts

, dra

ftin

g, a

nd p

lann

ing.

Ano

ther

adv

anta

ge o

far

rang

ing

labo

rato

ries

acc

ordi

ng to

thei

r fu

nctio

nal r

elat

ion-

ship

s is

the

grea

ter

flex

ibili

ty w

hich

may

be

achi

eved

.In

tern

al A

rran

gem

ent.A

rran

gem

ents

with

in a

labo

rato

ryde

pend

upo

n its

type

and

the

subj

ect a

rea

for

whi

ch e

quip

-

20

It

1Dep

adm

ent O

ffic

e2D

epar

tmen

t Sto

rage

3Woo

ds L

abor

ator

y4C

lass

room

5Lum

ber

Stor

age

6Fin

ishi

ng R

oom

7Pro

ject

Sto

rage

8Nig

ht C

lass

(A

dult)

Sto

rage

9Sup

ply

Roo

m10

Plan

ning

Roo

m11

Cra

fts

(Ind

ustr

ial)

Lab

erat

ory

12Su

pply

Roo

m13

Plan

ning

Roo

m14

Nig

ht C

lass

(A

dult)

Sto

rage

15Pr

ojec

t Sto

rage

16E

lect

rici

ty/E

lect

roni

cs L

abor

ator

y17

Rad

io (

Am

ateu

r) T

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ly R

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etal

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labo

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affic

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,en

cour

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cor

rela

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inst

ruct

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pace

.

Page 26: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

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Page 27: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

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ngR

oom

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als

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a

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play

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ject

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eral

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ring

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entr

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ther

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y el

emen

ts a

nd th

eir

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hips

shou

ld b

e, c

onsi

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arr

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e lo

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22

Page 28: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

men

t and

fac

ilitie

s ha

ve b

een

prov

ided

.T

he r

equi

rem

ents

of

a co

mpr

ehen

sive

gen

eral

labo

rato

ry p

ose

man

ych

alle

nges

for

both

pla

nner

s an

d te

ache

rs. S

ubje

ct a

reas

and

thei

r in

stru

c-tio

nal a

reas

var

y w

idel

y. I

n so

me

scho

ols,

rel

ated

inst

ruct

iona

lac

tiviti

essu

ch a

s pl

anni

ng a

nd d

esig

n, r

esea

rch

and

deve

lop-

men

t, an

d fo

undr

y an

d fo

rge

or h

ot m

etal

activ

ities

are

arra

nged

in s

peci

fic

loca

tions

in th

e la

bora

tory

to r

educ

e un

-ne

cess

ary

traf

fic

flow

. With

in th

ese

loca

tions

are

foun

d ap

pro-

pria

te b

ench

es, s

tora

ge c

abin

ets,

tool

s, m

achi

nes,

mat

eria

ls,

refe

renc

e bo

oks,

pic

ture

s, c

hart

s, a

nd p

roje

ct d

ispl

ays.

Thi

sar

rang

emen

t, ca

lled

an in

stru

ctio

nal a

ctiv

ities

cen

ter,

can

, if

wel

l pla

nned

and

des

igne

d, p

rovi

de a

n at

mos

pher

e to

stim

u-la

te p

upils

to d

o hi

gh q

ualit

y w

ork.

The

fun

ctio

nal r

elat

ions

hips

bet

wee

n su

bjec

t are

as, a

s pr

e-vi

ousl

y di

scus

sed,

are

equ

ally

app

ropr

iate

with

in a

com

pre-

hens

ive

gene

ral l

abor

ator

y. G

roup

ing

the

subj

ect a

reas

of

woo

ds, m

etal

s, a

nd c

onst

ruct

ion

in o

ne s

ectio

n, f

or in

stan

ce;

pow

er m

echa

nics

and

ele

ctri

city

/ele

ctro

nics

in a

noth

er; a

ndpl

anni

ng, i

nclu

ding

dra

ftin

g an

d gr

aphi

c ar

ts, a

nd o

ther

auxi

liary

fac

ilitie

s in

stil

l ano

ther

not

onl

y ut

ilize

s th

e av

ail-

able

spa

ce m

ore

effi

cien

tly b

ut a

lso

redu

ces

to a

min

imum

the

dupl

icat

ion

of to

ols,

equ

ipm

ent,

and

mac

hine

s. I

n su

ch a

nar

rang

emen

t gro

up a

ctiv

ities

com

mon

to th

e su

bjec

t are

assu

ch a

s la

yout

, cut

ting,

sha

ping

, for

min

g, a

ssem

bly,

fin

ishi

ngor

pow

er g

ener

atio

n, u

tiliz

atio

n, a

nd d

istr

ibut

ionm

ay b

egr

oupe

d so

that

pup

ils m

ay s

ee th

e re

latio

nshi

ps a

nd th

uste

achi

ng b

ecom

es m

ore

unif

ied.

Whe

re tw

o or

mor

e co

mpr

e-he

nsiv

e ge

nera

l lab

orat

orie

s ar

e w

arra

nted

, the

fac

ilitie

s fo

rea

ch s

houl

d be

pla

nned

so

that

the

subj

ect a

rea

rela

tions

hips

are

reco

gniz

ed.

Equ

ipm

ent i

n th

e m

ain

labo

rato

ry is

arr

ange

d so

that

ther

ew

ill b

e a

natu

ral f

low

of

mat

eria

l fro

m o

ne o

pera

tion

orpr

oces

s to

ano

ther

. Ope

n sp

aces

and

ais

les

perm

it su

ch m

ove-

men

t fro

m th

e st

orag

e ar

ea, w

here

initi

al p

roce

ssin

g be

gins

,th

roug

h th

e va

riou

s fa

bric

atio

n st

ages

, to

whe

re a

pro

duct

is f

inis

hed.

Mac

hine

s ar

e ca

refu

lly g

roup

ed a

ccor

ding

to o

per-

atio

ns p

erfo

rmed

, with

suf

fici

ent s

pace

to p

rovi

de f

or m

axi-

mum

saf

ety

and

effi

cien

cy a

nd, i

n th

e ca

seof

woo

dwor

king

mac

hine

ry, t

o lo

caliz

e du

st a

nd c

hips

for

suc

tion

rem

oval

.L

athe

s ar

e be

st p

lace

d ne

ar a

win

dow

wal

l at s

uch

an a

ngle

and

in e

noug

h sp

ace

to p

erm

it th

e op

erat

or to

sta

nd a

nd to

wor

k w

ithou

t int

erfe

renc

e fr

om a

noth

er m

achi

ne o

r pu

pil.

Mac

hine

s w

hich

are

ope

rate

d fr

om o

nly

the

fron

tsuc

h as

grin

ders

, scr

oll s

aws,

and

dri

ll pr

esse

sor

from

the

side

, suc

has

a jo

inte

r, a

re c

omm

only

pla

ced

back

-to-

back

or

with

the

"dea

d" s

ide

next

to a

wal

l or

colu

mn

and

with

suf

fici

ent

clea

ranc

e on

the

"liv

e" s

ide

to p

erm

it un

ham

pere

d op

erat

ion.

Ben

ches

for

han

d op

erat

ions

, ass

embl

y, o

r po

rtab

le m

achi

neus

e ar

e gr

oupe

d an

d lo

cate

d ac

cord

ing

to f

unct

ions

.L

ocke

rbas

ety

pe b

ench

es, f

our-

stat

ion

and

two-

stat

ion,

with

hea

vy d

uty

tops

and

vis

es a

ppro

pria

te f

or th

e w

ork

to b

e do

ne a

re d

esir

-ab

le. S

mal

l cab

inet

-typ

e be

nche

s on

lock

able

cas

ters

are

fou

ndin

pow

er m

echa

nics

labo

rato

ries

for

dis

asse

mbl

y, a

ssem

bly,

and

test

ing

smal

l eng

ines

or

othe

r po

wer

par

ts o

r un

its. T

hey

allo

w f

lexi

bilit

y in

arr

angi

ng e

quip

men

t for

fun

ctio

nal u

se.

Low

, por

tabl

e, a

nd is

land

-typ

e to

ol s

tora

ge f

acili

ties

whi

chca

n be

use

d fr

om tw

o si

des,

the

top,

or

ends

are

str

ateg

ical

lylo

cate

d to

min

imiz

e tr

avel

. The

se c

an b

e re

loca

ted

as n

eede

d.R

elat

ed a

ctiv

ities

such

as

thos

e in

volv

ing

hot m

etal

s (w

eld-

ing,

fou

ndry

, hea

t tre

atm

ent,

and

forg

ing)

are

con

cent

rate

din

a c

orne

r aw

ay f

rom

the

plan

ning

are

a. M

achi

nes

for

thes

eac

tiviti

es a

re p

rovi

ded

with

a c

omm

on h

ood

and

larg

e ex

haus

tfa

n to

rem

ove

smok

e an

d fu

mes

. Sim

ilarl

y, s

mal

l eng

ines

, out

-bo

ards

, and

oth

er g

as-p

ower

ed p

rodu

cts

are

so lo

cate

d in

ala

bora

tory

that

fum

es a

re r

emov

ed w

ith a

for

ced

exha

ust a

ndno

ise

is le

ast d

istu

rbin

g. I

f la

rge

over

head

doo

rs a

re in

clud

edin

the

plan

ning

, the

equ

ipm

ent i

s ar

rang

ed to

per

mit

suff

icie

ntop

en s

pace

in f

ront

of

the

door

for

wha

teve

r fu

nctio

ns a

re to

be s

erve

dass

embl

ing

larg

e pr

ojec

ts, b

ring

ing

in la

rge

equi

p-m

ent o

r m

ater

ials

, or

serv

icin

g au

tom

obile

s.

23

Page 29: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

The

mai

n la

bora

tory

arr

ange

men

t sho

uld

prov

ide

max

i-m

um v

isib

ility

for

the

inst

ruct

orin

all

area

s an

d fr

om a

nypo

sitio

n.M

any

teac

hers

hav

e pl

anne

d th

eir

labo

rato

ry a

rran

gem

ents

usin

g he

avy

card

tem

plat

es o

r sm

all m

odel

s of

equ

ipm

ent

avai

labl

e fr

om m

any

colle

ges

and

univ

ersi

ties

or f

rom

thei

rlo

cal S

tate

col

lege

. Thi

s pl

anni

ng w

as d

one

on a

sca

led

layo

utso

that

clo

se a

ppro

xim

atio

ns c

ould

be m

ade

for

the

serv

ices

to b

e pr

ovid

ed. T

he p

lann

ing

com

mitt

ee s

houl

dex

amin

e th

ela

yout

to a

scer

tain

that

fun

ctio

nal f

acili

ties

have

bee

n pr

o-vi

ded

befo

re p

lans

are

pre

pare

d fo

r lo

catin

g lig

htin

g, p

ower

,ga

s, a

ir, a

nd o

ther

ser

vice

s.A

ccor

ding

to a

vaila

ble

rese

arch

stu

dies

, mos

t lab

orat

orie

sus

e * Fo

ur-s

tatio

n, r

ecta

ngul

ar, 5

4 by

64

inch

es, l

ocke

r-ty

pew

oodw

orki

ng b

ench

es (

21/4

-inc

h ha

rd m

aple

top,

331

/4in

ches

hig

h, 4

vis

es)

are

mos

t des

irab

le.

* Si

ngle

-sta

tion,

rec

tang

ular

, 281

/2 b

y 64

inch

es, l

ocke

r-ty

pe b

ench

es (

24-i

nch

hard

map

le to

p, 3

31/4

inch

eshi

gh, w

ith m

achi

nist

vis

e or

woo

dwor

king

vis

e) a

rede

sira

ble.

Dep

artm

enta

l Lib

rary

and

Pla

nnin

g A

rea

Spac

e fo

r a

depa

rtm

enta

l lib

rary

and

pla

nnin

g ar

ea is

vita

lto

a f

unct

iona

l dep

artm

ent.

Such

spa

ce c

an a

lso

serv

e fo

rge

nera

l ass

embl

y an

d co

nfer

ence

s; f

or s

ketc

hing

, des

igni

ng,

draf

ting,

rea

ding

, res

earc

h, a

nd s

tudy

; or

for

usin

g pr

ojec

tuaL

san

d ot

her

inst

ruct

iona

l mat

eria

ls. A

ppro

xim

atel

y 60

0 sq

uare

feet

of

spac

e co

nven

ient

ly lo

cate

d ad

jace

nt to

the

labo

rato

ries

or w

ithin

the

labo

rato

ry it

self

was

pro

vide

d in

man

y of

the

scho

ols

visi

ted

by th

e au

thor

s. W

here

spa

ce is

enc

lose

d, g

lass

24

part

ition

s w

ere

prov

ided

so

that

the

teac

her

coul

d vi

sual

lysu

perv

ise

the

pupi

ls' a

ctiv

ities

with

out b

eing

in th

e ar

ea. T

hefo

llow

ing

spac

e an

d fa

cilit

ies

shou

ld b

e co

nsid

ered

:

* Pr

ovis

ions

for

cha

lkbo

ard,

tack

boar

d, a

nd o

verh

ead

orot

her

proj

ectu

als.

* R

eadi

ng a

nd/o

r dr

aftin

g ta

bles

and

cha

irs.

* St

orag

e sp

ace

for

draf

ting

equi

pmen

t and

sup

plie

s.

* B

ookc

ases

, mag

azin

e ra

cks,

car

d fi

les,

and

lega

l-si

zefi

ling

cabi

nets

.

* Sp

ace

for

dem

onst

ratio

n fa

cilit

ies.

* Sp

ace

for

inst

ruct

iona

l mat

eria

ls, t

each

ing

aids

, and

disp

lays

.

* Su

ffic

ient

spa

ce f

or m

ovem

ent o

f in

stru

ctor

or

pupi

lsw

ithou

t im

pedi

ng o

ne a

noth

er o

r bu

mpi

ng in

to e

quip

-m

ent.

* Pr

ovis

ions

for

sou

nd a

nd li

ght c

ontr

ol, v

entil

atio

n, o

rai

r co

nditi

onin

g.

* Pr

ovis

ions

for

ele

ctri

cal o

utle

ts f

or p

roje

ctor

s, r

ecor

ders

,te

levi

sion

, and

oth

er e

lect

roni

c ai

ds.

* Pr

ovis

ions

for

an

unin

terr

upte

d vi

ew o

f pu

pils

in a

llar

eas

of la

bora

tory

.

Res

earc

h st

udie

s sh

ow th

at th

e de

part

men

tal l

ibra

ry a

ndpl

anni

ng a

rea

shou

ld b

e co

mbi

ned

in a

spa

ce c

entr

ally

loca

ted

and

conv

enie

nt to

the

indu

stri

al a

rts

labo

rato

ry o

r in

an

adja

cent

roo

m, a

nd th

at c

halk

boar

ds (

4 by

6 o

r 4

by 8

fee

t)sh

ould

be

inst

alle

d in

the

teac

hing

cen

ter.

Page 30: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

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Page 31: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

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-,41

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Page 32: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

Stor

age

Spac

e

Lac

k of

ade

quat

e st

orag

e sp

ace

and

faci

litie

s in

indu

stri

alar

ts la

bora

tori

es w

as a

prob

lem

men

tione

d m

ost f

requ

ently

by th

e te

ache

rs d

urin

g th

e sc

hool

vis

its.

Func

tiona

l sto

rage

com

part

men

ts n

ot o

nly

prot

ect a

nd c

onse

rve

mat

eria

ls a

ndto

ols,

but

als

o he

lp p

upils

acq

uire

sys

tem

atic

habi

ts o

f pu

tting

item

s w

here

they

bel

ong

afte

r us

ing

them

.A

dequ

ate

stor

age

is n

eede

d fo

r to

ols

and

inst

rum

ents

, mat

eria

lsan

d su

pplie

s,pr

ojec

ts, p

upils

' per

sona

l bel

ongi

ngs,

and

inst

ruct

iona

lm

edia

and

supp

lies.

Too

ls a

nd I

nstr

umen

ts.S

ever

al m

etho

ds f

or s

tori

ngto

ols

are

foun

d, s

uch

as o

pen

wal

l too

l pan

el, c

lose

d w

all t

ool c

ase,

indi

vidu

al to

ol k

it, b

ench

, too

l roo

m, a

nd p

orta

ble

cart

s. I

nad

ditio

n to

per

sona

l pre

fere

nce,

fac

tors

whi

ch d

eter

min

e th

est

orag

e m

etho

d us

ed a

re c

onve

nien

ce a

ndac

cess

ibili

ty, e

ase

ofch

ecki

ng, s

ecur

ity o

f to

ols,

spe

cial

and

pre

cisi

on r

equi

rem

ents

,an

d co

sts.

The

fol

low

ing

spac

e re

quir

emen

ts a

nd c

onsi

dera

-tio

ns a

re s

ugge

sted

whe

n pl

anni

ng f

or to

ol s

tora

ge:

* Su

ffic

ient

wal

l spa

ce s

houl

d be

pro

vide

d on

all

side

s of

the

labo

rato

ry u

nint

erru

pted

by

win

dow

s, e

lect

rica

lou

tlets

, plu

mbi

ng, o

r ot

her

faci

litie

s. S

pace

may

be

used

ben

eath

hig

h w

indo

ws,

but

not

ben

eath

low

win

dow

s.

* C

entr

ally

loca

ted

spac

e sh

ould

be

avai

labl

e fo

r st

orag

eof

tool

s w

hich

are

use

d in

pro

cess

es p

erfo

rmed

in a

nypa

rt o

f th

e la

bora

tory

.

* L

ocal

ized

spa

ce s

houl

d be

pro

vide

d fo

r st

orag

e of

tool

s de

sign

ed f

or a

spe

cifi

c ph

ase

of a

sub

ject

are

aor

for

a m

achi

ne. W

here

fea

sibl

e, to

ols

and

acce

ssor

ies

for

a sp

ecif

ic m

achi

ne m

ay b

e st

ored

on

a pa

nel a

t-ta

ched

to th

e m

achi

ne.

* Sp

ace

imm

edia

tely

in f

ront

of

gene

ral t

ool s

tora

gear

eas

shou

ld b

e su

ffic

ient

ly la

rge

and

free

fro

m b

ench

es,

mac

hine

s, o

r ot

her

equi

pmen

t tha

t may

inte

rfer

e w

ithre

ady

acce

ss to

the

tool

s.

* Sp

ace

shou

ld b

e pr

ovid

ed f

or s

tora

ge o

f ha

nd p

ower

tool

s, e

ither

on

rack

s ne

ar w

ork

cent

ers

whe

re th

ey a

reus

ed f

requ

ently

or

in c

entr

ally

loca

ted

gene

ral t

ool

stor

age

area

s.

* St

orag

e sp

ace

that

is d

ust a

nd m

oist

ure-

free

as

wel

l as

lock

able

sho

uld

be a

vaila

ble

for

mic

rom

eter

s, v

erni

ers,

and

othe

r pr

ecis

ion

inst

rum

ents

.

* Sp

ace

is n

eede

d fo

r m

ovab

le, s

peci

al to

ols

and/

or in

-st

rum

ent c

arts

whe

re u

sed.

Dus

t, m

oist

ure,

and

tem

-pe

ratu

re c

ontr

ols

for

the

latte

r m

ay b

e re

quir

ed.

Mat

eria

ls a

nd S

uppl

ies.

Stor

age

spac

e fo

r m

ater

ials

and

supp

lies

vari

es w

ith th

e su

bjec

t are

as. S

ever

al ty

pes

of f

acili

-tie

s w

ere

used

in th

e sc

hool

s vi

site

d, in

clud

ing

sepa

rate

roo

ms,

cabi

nets

, rac

ks, b

ins,

she

lvin

g, d

raw

ers,

and

lock

ers.

A g

ener

alst

orag

e ro

om o

r ar

ea f

or th

e m

ater

ials

and

sup

plie

s of

all

the

subj

ect a

reas

in th

e de

part

men

t was

fou

nd m

ost e

ffec

tive

for

both

eas

e of

adm

inis

trat

ion

and

cont

rol.

Eco

nom

ies

resu

lting

from

long

-ran

ge a

nd q

uant

ity p

urch

ases

als

o m

ake

such

aro

om f

or s

tora

ge d

esir

able

. Mat

eria

ls a

ndsu

pplie

s w

hich

are

used

dai

ly a

re s

tore

d in

the

labo

rato

ry n

ear

the

area

whe

reth

ey a

re u

sed.

Bot

h ho

rizo

ntal

and

ver

tical

sto

rage

of

lum

ber

and

met

al w

as o

bser

ved.

Hor

izon

tal r

acks

occ

upy

mor

e fl

oor

spac

e bu

t kee

p lu

mbe

r fl

at, p

artic

ular

lypl

ywoo

d or

oth

ersh

eet m

ater

ials

. On

the

othe

r ha

nd, v

ertic

al r

acks

req

uire

less

floo

r sp

ace

but a

gre

ater

cei

ling

heig

ht. M

etal

s an

d pl

astic

s,bo

th s

heet

and

bar

, are

usu

ally

sto

red

vert

ical

ly f

or e

ase

ofha

ndlin

g. B

elow

are

sU

gges

tions

for

spa

ce a

nd f

acili

ties:

* Sp

ace

for

gene

ral s

tora

ge o

f m

ater

ials

and

sup

plie

s,pa

rtic

ular

ly lu

mbe

r an

d m

etal

, nea

r th

e de

liver

y en

-tr

ance

to r

educ

e th

e di

stan

ce b

ulky

mat

eria

ls m

ust b

em

oved

and

to k

eep

traf

fic

cong

estio

n at

a m

inim

um. 27

Page 33: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

* Sp

ace

not l

ess

than

18

feet

long

, if

hori

zont

al s

tora

geof

lum

ber

is u

sed.

* Sp

ace

for

adju

stab

le s

helv

ing

for

coile

d an

d pa

ckag

edm

ater

ials

and

sup

plie

s.

* Sp

ace

for

cabi

nets

with

adj

usta

ble

shel

ving

and

/or

draw

ers

and

door

s fo

r sm

all a

nd m

ore

cost

ly s

uppl

ies,

and

for

extr

a to

ols

and

smal

l equ

ipm

ent.

* Sp

ace

for

met

al c

abin

et o

r ad

just

able

she

lvin

g fo

rfl

amm

able

mat

eria

ls a

nd o

ils.

* Sp

ace

for

pape

r st

ock

and

othe

r sh

eet m

ater

ials

.

* D

raw

er s

pace

for

ele

ctro

nic

supp

lies,

scr

ews,

nai

ls, a

ndha

rdw

are.

* L

ocal

ized

sto

rage

spa

ce f

or m

ater

ials

and

sup

plie

spe

culia

r to

a s

peci

fic

subj

ect a

rea,

suc

h as

ele

ctro

nic

expe

rim

ent p

anel

s.

* M

aste

r-ke

yed

lock

s fo

r st

orag

e ca

bine

ts a

nd lo

cker

s.

* Sp

ace

to p

erm

it ea

sy a

cces

s to

any

or

all s

tora

gefa

cilit

ies.

Proj

ects

.The

sto

rage

of

proj

ects

whi

ch a

re e

ither

in th

eva

riou

s st

ages

of

cons

truc

tion

or in

the

proc

ess

of f

inis

hing

crea

tes

a m

ajor

spa

ce p

robl

em in

the

labo

rato

ry. T

he n

umbe

rof

pup

ils, d

ay a

nd/o

r ev

enin

g, a

nd th

e ty

pe o

f pr

ojec

ts to

be m

ade

indi

cate

the

amou

nt a

nd k

ind

of s

pace

nee

ded.

Som

e sc

hool

s pr

ovid

e sp

ecia

l com

part

men

ts o

f su

bsta

ntia

lca

paci

ty f

or s

tora

ge o

f un

fini

shed

pro

ject

s, a

djus

tabl

e sh

elvi

ngto

acc

omm

odat

e pr

ojec

ts o

f di

ffer

ent s

izes

, and

sep

arat

e st

or-

age

for

even

ing

and

regu

lar

clas

s pr

ojec

ts. S

ugge

sted

spa

cean

d fa

cilit

ies

for

stor

ing

proj

ects

incl

ude:

* Fa

cilit

ies

for

stor

ing

proj

ects

nea

r th

e be

nch

or a

rea

whe

re w

ork

is b

eing

don

e on

them

,as

lock

er ty

pebe

nche

s.

* Sp

ace

for

stor

age

of p

roje

cts

unde

rway

by

indi

vidu

als,

divi

sion

s, o

r cl

asse

s.

* Sp

ace

for

proj

ects

of

diff

eren

t siz

es a

nd s

hape

s, s

tand

-in

g up

righ

t or

lyin

g do

wn.

* D

ustf

ree

and

prop

erly

ven

tilat

ed s

pace

for

pro

ject

sbe

ing

fini

shed

and

in d

ryin

g st

ages

.

* Sp

ace

for

stor

age

of f

lat o

r sh

eet p

roje

cts,

suc

h as

draw

ings

and

pri

nted

or

silk

-scr

eene

d m

atte

r.

* M

aste

r-ke

yed

door

han

dles

or

lock

s fo

r st

orag

e lo

cker

s.

Res

earc

h st

udie

s re

view

ed r

ecom

men

d th

at a

sep

arat

e st

or-

age

room

be

prov

ided

for

pro

ject

suna

ssem

bled

, ass

embl

ed,

and

fini

shed

and

that

indi

vidu

al c

lass

es h

ave

stor

age

spac

e.Pu

pils

' Per

sona

l Bel

ongi

ngs.

Loc

kers

in th

e la

bora

tory

are

used

for

sto

ring

pup

ils' p

erso

nal b

elon

ging

s, u

nfin

ishe

d pr

oj-

ects

, as

wel

l as

inst

ruct

iona

l sup

plie

s. I

n so

me

of th

e sc

hool

svi

site

d, e

ach

clas

s gr

oup

had

sepa

rate

lock

ers

or a

spe

cial

encl

osed

spa

ce w

hich

rem

aine

d lo

cked

exc

ept w

hen

in u

se. I

not

her

scho

ols

whe

re p

upils

cha

nged

into

spe

cial

clo

thin

g or

put

on c

over

alls

ove

r re

gula

r cl

othe

s, p

artic

ular

ly in

pow

er m

e-ch

anic

s an

d ge

nera

l met

als

labo

rato

ries

or

clas

ses,

lock

ers

orw

ardr

obes

wer

e pr

ovid

ed. S

ome

sugg

estio

ns f

or s

pace

and

faci

litie

s ar

e:

* Sp

ace

for

stan

ding

lock

ers

in a

sep

arat

e ro

om o

r ar

ealo

cate

d fo

r ea

sy s

uper

visi

on b

y th

e in

stru

ctor

at t

hebe

ginn

ing

and

clos

e of

a r

egul

ar c

lass

.

* Pr

ovis

ions

for

mul

tisiz

e lo

cker

s un

der

benc

hes,

with

spri

ng h

inge

s an

d m

aste

r-ke

yed

lock

s.

* Pr

ovis

ions

for

boo

ks in

lock

ers

or o

n sh

elvi

ng o

ver

orad

jace

nt to

lock

ers.

* Sp

ace

for

lock

ers

for

adul

t or

even

ing

clas

s st

orag

e of

pers

onal

bel

ongi

ngs.

Page 34: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

Pro

per

stor

age

of m

ater

ials

mak

es th

e in

dust

rial a

rts

labo

rato

ry n

eat a

nd e

ffici

ent.

29

Page 35: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

Inst

ruct

iona

l Med

ia a

nd S

uppl

ies.

Flex

ible

spa

ce a

rran

ge-

men

ts f

or k

eepi

ng in

stru

ctio

nal m

edia

and

sup

plie

s in

eith

erth

e de

part

men

tal l

ibra

ry a

nd p

lann

ing

cent

er o

r a

sepa

rate

audi

ovis

ual r

oom

wer

e fd

und

in th

e la

bora

tori

es v

isite

d.St

orag

efa

cilit

ies

for

teac

hing

aid

s an

d m

achi

nes

vari

edw

idel

y, in

clud

ing

com

part

men

ts in

or

near

the

teac

her's

des

kor

off

ice;

cas

es s

peci

ally

des

igne

d to

hol

d ch

arts

, pam

phle

ts,

and

the

like;

mov

able

car

ts f

or h

oldi

ng m

achi

nes

stor

ed in

the

audi

ovis

ual r

oom

, pla

nnin

g ce

nter

, or

teac

her's

off

ice;

and

four

-dra

wer

file

s. M

odel

s, m

ocku

ps, o

r di

spla

ys w

ere

stor

edin

or

on to

p of

cab

inet

s, o

n sh

elve

s, o

r on

cou

nter

s in

are

asof

the

labo

rato

ry w

here

they

wer

e us

ed b

y pu

pils

. A r

ear-

view

proj

ectio

n ca

bine

t pro

vide

s an

exc

elle

nt s

tora

ge s

pace

for

mot

ion-

pict

ure

and

slid

e pr

ojec

tors

, a ta

pe r

ecor

der,

as

wel

las

film

s, s

lides

, tap

es, a

nd s

pare

lam

ps.

The

fol

low

ing

spac

es o

r fa

cilit

ies

for

stor

age

of in

stru

ctio

nal

med

ia a

nd s

uppl

ies

are

sugg

este

d:

30

* Sp

ace

for

flat

and

rol

led

char

ts, e

asily

acc

essi

ble.

* Sp

ace

for

mod

els,

moc

kups

, spe

cim

ens,

and

thre

e-di

men

sion

al a

ids.

* M

ovab

le c

art (

low

) fo

r ov

erhe

ad p

roje

ctor

.

* M

ovab

le c

art o

r re

ar-v

iew

pro

ject

ion

cabi

net t

o ho

use

mot

ion-

pict

ure

and

slid

e pr

ojec

tors

, tap

e re

cord

ers

orre

cord

pla

yer,

film

s, s

lides

, slid

e fi

lms,

lam

ps, s

plic

ing

equi

pmen

t, an

d su

pplie

s.

* Sp

ace

in p

lann

ing

cent

er o

r se

para

te a

udio

visu

al r

oom

for

stor

age

of m

ovab

le c

arts

and

equ

ipm

ent.

* Sp

ace

for

stor

ing

card

sto

ck, p

aint

s an

d br

ushe

s, le

t-te

ring

pen

s an

d in

k, a

nd o

ther

sup

plie

s fo

r us

e in

mak

-in

g ai

ds.

* Sp

ace

and

faci

litie

s fo

r m

akin

g ov

erhe

ad tr

ansp

aren

cies

and

stor

ing

supp

lies

and

equi

pmen

t.

Res

earc

h st

udie

s re

com

men

ded

that

a s

peci

al r

oom

for

us-

ing

audi

ovis

ual f

acili

ties

be p

rovi

ded

for

indu

stri

al a

rts

labo

-ra

tori

es, o

r pr

ovis

ions

mad

e fo

r da

rken

ing

the

labo

rato

ry.

Page 36: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

The

effe

ctiv

e us

e of

new

inst

ruct

iona

l

Fini

shin

g R

oom

Fini

shin

g ro

oms

are

gene

rally

fou

nd in

woo

ds la

bora

tori

esan

d to

a le

sser

deg

ree

in o

ther

labs

. Man

yro

oms

obse

rved

by

the

auth

ors

wer

e du

stpr

oof

and

equi

pped

with

an in

depe

nd-

ent e

xhau

st s

yste

m (

exha

ust f

ans

wer

e 24

" an

d ov

er).

Som

ew

ere

conv

enie

ntly

div

ided

into

two

area

s, o

ne f

or s

pray

ing

and

the

othe

r fo

r ha

nd f

inis

hing

. Ste

el c

abin

ets

wer

e us

ed to

sto

repa

int s

uppl

ies;

liqu

id s

olve

nt m

etal

con

tain

ers

had

clos

ed,

spri

ng-l

oade

d to

ps. T

he d

oor

to th

e fi

nish

ing

room

in m

any

of th

e sc

hool

s w

as v

apor

-sea

led.

Lig

ht s

witc

hes

wer

e al

sose

aled

or

loca

ted

outs

ide

the

room

. Cei

ling

light

s w

ere

flam

e-pr

oof.

In

som

e sc

hool

s vi

site

d,a

dryi

ng r

oom

occ

upyi

ng 2

00to

225

squ

are

feet

was

adj

acen

t to

the

fini

shin

gro

om. I

t had

a w

ide

door

for

larg

e ob

ject

s, th

e ar

ea w

as d

ustp

roof

, and

spec

ial a

ttent

ion

was

giv

en to

the

vent

ilatio

nsy

stem

.B

elow

are

sug

gest

ions

on

spac

e an

d fa

cilit

ies:

* Sp

ace

for

fini

shin

g ei

ther

ina

sepa

rate

roo

m o

r in

are

lativ

ely

dust

free

are

a of

the

labo

rato

ry.

med

ia d

epen

ds o

n ad

equa

te s

tora

ge s

pace

s.

* E

xhau

st a

nd v

entil

atio

n pr

ovis

ions

to r

emov

e no

xiou

san

d to

xic

odor

s.

* Fi

repr

oof

and/

or v

apor

-pro

of e

lect

rica

l ser

vice

s an

dfa

cilit

ies.

* Pr

ovis

ions

for

fre

sh a

ir a

nd a

dher

ence

to a

ir r

egul

a-tio

ns.

* Fi

repr

oof

stor

age

for

vola

tile

solv

ents

and

fin

ishe

s.

* Se

lf-c

losi

ng m

etal

con

tain

er f

or s

oile

dra

gs.

* pS

lpie

s. ace

for

met

al s

tora

ge c

abin

et f

or b

rush

es a

nd s

up-

* Sp

ace

for

benc

h or

rot

atin

g fi

nish

ing

stan

d.

* W

ashu

p si

nk w

ith h

ot a

nd c

old

wat

er a

nd s

uita

ble

drai

n.

* M

aste

r-ke

yed

lock

s on

all

stor

age

cabi

nets

.

* Sp

ace

for

cabi

nets

or

shel

ving

and

equ

ipm

ent p

ecul

iar

to a

fin

ishi

ng r

oom

that

is u

sed

with

oth

er s

ubje

ctar

eas,

suc

h as

met

als,

or

as a

pro

ject

sto

rage

are

a.

31

Page 37: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

Dar

kroo

m

The

dev

elop

ing

or p

rint

ing

of p

hoto

grap

hs o

r th

e m

akin

gof

neg

ativ

es f

or o

ffse

t pri

ntin

g re

quir

es a

dar

kroo

m. I

n so

me

scho

ols

visi

ted,

a s

mal

l roo

m f

rom

80

to 9

0sq

uare

fee

t was

prov

ided

for

pho

togr

aphi

c pr

oces

sing

and

was

use

d at

tim

esby

oth

er d

epar

tmen

ts in

the

scho

ol. I

n th

e m

oder

n gr

aphi

car

ts la

bora

tory

, the

dar

kroo

m is

a r

equi

site

for

pho

to-o

ffse

tpr

intin

g. S

pace

and

fac

ilitie

s su

gges

ted

for

the

dark

room

are

:

*R

ecta

ngul

ar s

pace

loca

ted

adja

cent

to th

e gr

aphi

c ar

tspl

atem

akin

g or

off

set p

ress

are

a.*

Spac

e fo

r an

off

set c

amer

a (h

oriz

onta

l or

vert

ical

), a

deve

lopi

ng s

ink,

an

enla

rger

, a p

rint

dry

er, c

abin

ets,

wor

king

-hei

ght c

ount

ers,

and

a c

onta

ct p

rint

er.

* A

n ac

id-r

esis

tant

sin

k w

ithho

t and

col

d ru

nnin

g w

ater

and

tray

s fo

r de

velo

ping

and

was

hing

neg

ativ

es a

ndpr

ints

.

* Pr

ovis

ions

for

hang

ing

roll

or s

heet

neg

ativ

es f

or d

ryin

g.

* Sh

elf

spac

e fo

r ch

emic

als

and

acce

ssor

ies.

* E

nclo

sed

spac

efo

r un

expo

sed

nega

tive

and

prin

ting

pape

rs, w

ith s

lidin

g do

ors

and

mas

ter-

keye

d lo

ck.

* V

entil

atio

n an

dte

mpe

ratu

re c

ontr

ols.

* Pr

ovis

ions

for

saf

elig

hts,

spo

tting

ligh

t nea

r ca

mer

a,an

d no

rmal

ligh

ting

(saf

e an

dsp

ottin

g lig

:As

to b

e co

n-tr

olle

d lo

cally

, and

nor

mal

ligh

ting

switc

hto

be

loca

ted

near

the

entr

ance

).

* Pr

ovis

ions

for

a m

aze

or o

ther

ligh

t-tig

ht c

ontr

ol a

t the

door

.

* Pr

ovis

ions

for

an o

ccup

ancy

war

ning

ligh

t out

side

the

dark

room

and

a m

eans

of

lock

ing

the

door

fro

m e

ither

side

.

32

Dis

play

Are

a

Dis

play

fac

ilitie

s in

the

indu

stri

al a

rts

serv

e as

a p

ublic

rel

a-tio

ns m

ediu

m a

nd a

s in

stru

ctio

nal a

ids.

The

ym

ayco

nsis

t of

open

she

lvin

g, p

artic

ular

ly w

here

thre

e-di

men

sion

al it

ems

may

be d

ispl

ayed

for

inst

ruct

iona

lpu

rpos

es, o

r as

tack

boar

ds to

disp

lay

stud

ents

' fla

t wor

k, c

hart

s, p

ictu

res,

or

othe

r in

form

a-tio

n. T

hey

are

usua

lly f

ound

in th

e pl

anni

ngar

ea a

nd in

the

labo

rato

ry it

self

. Rec

esse

d, g

lass

-enc

lose

d ca

ses

are

mos

t oft

enlo

cate

d al

ong

corr

idor

wal

ls e

ither

adj

acen

t to

the

labo

rato

ryor

in a

gen

eral

dis

play

are

a ne

ar th

e sc

hool

ent

ranc

e. S

ugge

s-tio

ns f

orsp

ace

and

faci

litie

s in

clud

e:

* Su

ffic

ient

wal

lsp

ace

for

tack

boar

ds in

the

plan

ning

area

and

in th

e la

bora

tory

, esp

ecia

lly n

ear

the

entr

ance

.T

ackb

oard

s on

eac

h si

de o

f ch

alkb

oard

may

be u

sed.

*Sp

ace

for

open

she

lvin

g fo

r th

ree-

dim

ensi

onal

item

spr

ojec

ts, m

odel

s, o

r pr

oces

s di

spla

ys.

*R

eces

sed,

gla

ss-e

nclo

sed

spac

e in

or

outs

ide

the

labo

-ra

tory

with

pro

visi

ons

for

light

ing,

ope

n or

fre

e st

and-

ing

shel

ving

, tac

k or

peg

boar

d on

one

wal

l, an

d la

rge

open

ing

with

slid

ing

or s

win

ging

doo

rs w

hich

can

be

lock

ed.

* Pr

ovis

ions

for

hang

ing

disp

lays

on

the

wal

l of

the

labo

rato

ry.

Res

earc

h st

udie

s re

com

men

d th

at:

* Pi

ctur

em

oldi

ng o

r ch

anne

l sho

uld

be b

uilt

into

the

win

dow

less

wal

ls f

or h

angi

ngpi

ctur

es a

nd d

ispl

ays.

* A

bul

letin

boar

d, a

ppro

xim

atel

y 16

squ

are

feet

, sho

uld

be p

rovi

ded

near

the

mos

tfr

eque

ntly

use

d en

tran

ce o

fth

e la

bora

tory

.

Page 38: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

Tea

cher

's O

ffic

e

Man

y se

cond

ary

scho

ols

prov

ide

sepa

rate

spa

cefo

r te

ache

rs

to k

eep

book

s, r

ecor

ds,i

nstr

uctio

nal m

ater

ials

, and

oth

er it

ems

of a

pri

vate

nat

ure,

as

wel

l as

to h

old

conf

eren

ces

with

pup

ilsor

par

ents

. An

area

of

from

125

to 1

50 s

quar

e fe

et f

or e

ach

teac

her

is f

ound

in s

ome

scho

ols.

In

smal

ler

depa

rtm

ents

,sp

ace

in th

e pl

anni

ng c

ente

ris

pro

vide

d fo

r th

is p

urpo

se.

Sugg

este

d sp

ace

and

faci

litie

s fo

r th

e te

ache

r's o

ffic

e ar

e:

* Sp

ace

for

a de

sk w

ith o

ne d

raw

er f

ile, c

hair

, and

type

-w

rite

r.

* Sp

ace

for

one

or tw

o ch

airs

for

con

fere

nces

with

pup

ilsor

par

ents

.

* Sp

ace

for

refe

renc

e bo

oks

and

bulle

tins

for

the

teac

h-er

's e

xclu

sive

use

.

* Sp

ace

for

stor

ing

film

s, f

ilmst

rips

, or

othe

r au

diov

isua

lai

ds.

* Sp

ace

for

stor

ing

pupi

ls' p

roje

cts

whe

n th

ey a

re b

eing

eval

uate

d.

* A

fou

r-dr

awer

sta

ndar

d fi

le f

or b

udge

ts, i

nven

tori

es,

acco

unts

, let

ters

, pup

il re

cord

s, a

nd o

ther

mat

eria

lspe

rtin

ent t

o th

e de

part

men

t.

* Pr

ovis

ions

for

ven

tilat

ion,

ther

mal

or

air

cond

ition

ing,

and

soun

d co

ntro

l.

* Pr

ovis

ions

for

ele

ctri

cal o

utle

ts, a

dequ

ate

light

ing,

and

colo

r co

nditi

onin

g.

* Pr

ovis

ions

for

tele

phon

e or

oth

er c

omm

unic

atio

nsm

edia

.

* Sp

ace

adja

cent

to o

r in

pla

nnin

g ar

ea to

pro

vide

an

over

all v

iew

of

the

labo

rato

ry.

Gui

danc

e is

an

impo

rtan

t par

t of

the

indu

stri

al a

rts

prog

ram

.

33

Page 39: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

Toi

lets

and

Was

hing

Fac

ilitie

sT

oile

t fac

ilitie

s w

ere

prov

ided

in m

any

of th

e de

part

men

tsvi

site

d, p

artic

ular

lyif

the

depa

rtm

ents

wer

e lo

cate

d in

ase

para

te b

uild

ing

or w

ere

too

far

from

the

scho

olbu

ildin

g's

toile

ts. F

acili

ties

for

both

mal

es a

nd f

emal

es w

ere

gene

rally

incl

uded

.E

ach

depa

rtm

ent a

nd g

ener

ally

eac

h la

bora

tory

had

its

own

was

hing

fac

ilitie

s. T

hese

wer

e pl

aced

aga

inst

a w

all w

ithse

vera

l mix

ing

valv

es w

hich

del

iver

wat

er o

f co

ntro

lled

tem

-pe

ratu

res.

Thi

s ty

pe is

oft

en u

sed

beca

use

it is

eco

nom

ical

inth

e am

ount

of

wat

er u

sed

as w

ell a

s in

the

amou

nt o

f tim

eit

take

s to

was

h un

der

a co

ncen

trat

ed s

trea

m. S

emic

ircu

lar

and

circ

ular

was

hup

foun

tain

s w

ith f

oot c

ontr

ols

wer

e al

sous

ed to

per

mit

seve

ral p

upils

to w

ash

at th

e sa

me

time.

The

floo

r an

d th

e w

all b

ehin

d th

e w

ash

trou

gh g

ener

ally

had

an

impe

rvio

us f

inis

h. T

owel

and

soa

p di

spen

sers

wer

e pr

ovid

ed,

and

mir

rors

wer

e in

clud

ed in

som

e la

bora

tori

es. M

ost o

f th

efa

cilit

ies

visi

ted

had

a dr

inki

ng f

ount

ain

in th

e la

bora

tory

and

near

the

sink

are

a. S

pace

and

fac

ilitie

s m

ust a

dher

e to

loca

l san

itatio

n an

d bu

ildin

g co

des.

Res

earc

h st

udie

s sh

ow th

at te

ache

rs p

refe

r w

all-

type

was

h-in

g tr

ough

s, w

ith o

ne m

ixin

g va

lve

for

ever

y 10

to 1

2 pu

pils

.

34

Ais

les

of T

rave

lA

noth

er c

once

rn o

f th

e pl

anne

r is

pro

visi

on f

or f

low

of

traf

-fi

cto

perm

it pu

pils

to m

ove

from

one

wor

k st

atio

n to

anot

her,

or

to m

ater

ials

or

tool

sto

rage

cen

ter

with

out i

nter

-fe

ring

with

oth

er p

upils

or

bum

ping

into

mac

hine

s or

ben

ches

alon

g th

e w

ay. A

isle

s sh

ould

be

prov

ided

to p

erm

it su

ch m

ove-

men

t. Sp

ace

cons

ider

atio

ns o

bser

ved

or s

ugge

sted

incl

ude:

* Su

ffic

ient

spac

e be

twee

n be

nche

s, m

achi

nery

,an

deq

uipm

ent t

o pe

rmit

pupi

ls o

r te

ache

r to

pas

s w

ithou

tin

terf

erin

g w

ith a

wor

ker

at a

sta

tion.

* Sp

ace

for

mov

emen

t of

bulk

y m

ater

ials

to c

uttin

gm

achi

ne o

r ar

ea w

ithou

t cro

ssin

g or

blo

ckin

g m

ajor

aisl

es.

* O

pen

spac

e in

fro

nt o

f to

ol p

anel

s or

sto

rage

are

as,

lock

ers,

was

hup

area

s, p

lann

ing

cent

er, d

ispl

ay a

reas

,en

tran

ces,

and

exi

ts.

* M

inim

um s

pace

of

4 fe

et f

or m

ajor

ais

les

and

3 fe

etfo

r m

inor

or

feed

er a

isle

s.*

Ope

n fl

oor

spac

es in

labo

rato

ries

whe

re a

ssem

bly

ofpr

ojec

ts o

r co

nstr

uctio

n of

mod

el s

truc

ture

s ar

e re

-qu

ired

, and

for

fle

xibl

e ar

rang

emen

t of

equi

pmen

t to

mee

t spe

cial

or

new

nee

ds.

Page 40: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

CH

APT

ER

VPl

anni

ng th

e G

ener

al P

hysi

cal E

nvir

onm

ent

PLA

NN

ING

TH

E G

EN

ER

AL

PH

YSI

CA

L S

ET

TIN

Gof

the

indu

stri

alar

ts d

epar

tmen

t to

assu

rem

axim

um f

unct

iona

lism

and

flex

ibili

ty s

houl

d be

und

erta

ken

only

aft

er th

e sp

ace

and

faci

li-

ties

disc

usse

d in

the

prec

edin

g ch

apte

r ha

vebe

en c

aref

ully

cons

ider

ed. T

he p

lann

ing

com

mitt

ee, a

nd th

e in

dust

rial

art

ste

ache

r in

par

ticul

ar, s

houl

d im

pres

s up

on th

ear

chite

ct th

ene

eds

outli

ned

and

prov

ide

him

and

the

engi

neer

with

spec

ific

det

ails

of

phys

ical

fea

ture

s es

sent

ial t

ole

arni

ng a

ndte

achi

ng a

nd to

org

aniz

ing

and

man

agin

g th

efa

cilit

ies.

Loc

atio

n of

the

Dep

artm

ent

The

loca

tion

of th

e in

dust

rial

art

s de

part

men

t in

scho

ols

vari

es c

onsi

dera

bly.

In

larg

e ci

ties

whe

re g

roun

d sp

ace

is a

t apr

emiu

m, i

t is

loca

ted

on d

iffe

rent

flo

ors.

Ele

vato

rs a

reus

ed

to tr

ansp

ort s

uppl

ies

and

equi

pmen

t. Su

burb

an E

choo

ls g

en-

eral

ly h

ave

the

depa

rtm

ent o

n th

e gr

ound

leve

lco

nven

ient

toan

out

side

ent

ranc

e an

dse

rvic

e dr

ive.

In

som

e sc

hool

s it

is in

a se

para

te b

uild

ing

near

by a

nd c

onne

cted

by

a ca

nopy

or

cove

red

pass

age

to p

rote

ct p

upils

dur

ing

incl

emen

tw

eath

er.

A w

ing

of th

e sc

hool

is u

sed

for

the

indu

stri

al a

rts

depa

rtm

ent

in m

any

com

mun

ities

. Thi

s lo

catio

n no

t onl

ypr

ovid

es f

orac

cess

ibili

ty f

rom

a s

ervi

ce d

rive

but

als

o ha

s th

ead

ditio

nal

adva

ntag

es o

f pr

ovid

ing

for

expa

nsib

ility

; per

mitt

ing

entr

ance

from

the

outs

ide

for

pupi

ls o

r ad

ults

in a

fter

-sch

ool

hour

s,va

catio

ns, o

r in

the

even

ing

with

out o

peni

ng o

r di

stur

bing

the

rem

aind

er o

f th

e sc

hool

; con

trol

ling

soun

d, d

ust,

chip

s,an

dfu

mes

; and

per

mitt

ing

high

er c

eilin

gs w

here

nee

ded.

The

activ

ities

and

the

inte

rrel

atio

nshi

ps w

hich

exi

st b

etw

een

in-

dust

rial

art

s an

d sc

ienc

e, h

ome

econ

omic

s, a

rt, a

nd th

e vo

ca-

^

tiona

l-te

chni

cal c

ours

es m

ake

clos

e pr

oxim

ity to

thes

e fa

cilit

ies

mos

t des

irab

le.

Res

earc

h st

udie

s re

view

ed r

ecom

men

d th

atin

dust

rial

art

sla

bora

tori

es b

e lo

cate

d on

the

grou

nd le

vel,

in a

win

g of

the

mai

n bu

ildin

g, o

r in

a s

epar

ate

build

ing

near

ase

rvic

e dr

ive.

Spat

ial F

acto

rsT

he lo

catio

n of

the

indu

stri

al a

rts

depa

rtm

ent c

anbe

in-

flue

nced

by

the

size

, sha

pe, a

nd h

eigh

t of

the

faci

litie

s. S

ome

of th

e el

emen

ts th

at d

eter

min

e th

ese

spat

ial f

acto

rs in

clud

e:nu

mbe

r an

d ag

e le

vel o

f th

e pu

pils

, sub

ject

are

as,

equi

pmen

t,au

xilia

ry f

acili

ties,

ope

n sp

aces

, and

ais

les

need

ed f

or b

oth

flex

ibili

ty a

nd s

afet

y.Si

ze.O

nce

the

plan

ning

com

mitt

ee a

scer

tain

sth

e da

ta p

erti-

nent

to th

ese

elem

ents

, it m

ayth

en c

alcu

late

the

floo

r sp

ace

need

ed. T

he to

tal a

mou

nt o

f sp

ace

prov

ided

for

the

faci

litie

ssh

ould

not

onl

y m

eet t

he n

eeds

of

the

curr

ent p

rogr

ambu

tal

so b

e ad

apta

ble

to c

hang

es f

or f

utur

e pr

ogra

ms.

The

re-

sear

ch s

tudi

es e

xam

ined

rep

ort t

he s

pace

ran

ge,

base

d up

on20

to 2

4 pu

pils

per

cla

ss a

nd e

xclu

ding

auxi

liary

fac

ilitie

s, a

s

follo

ws: * Fr

om 1

,800

to 3

,000

squ

are

feet

for

gen

eral

unit

labo

-ra

tori

es, s

uch

as w

oods

, met

als,

gra

phic

art

s,dr

awin

g,or

com

preh

ensi

vege

nera

l lab

orat

orie

s.

* Fr

om 1

,800

to 3

,000

squ

are

feet

for

pow

erm

echa

nics

or tr

ansp

orta

tion

labo

rato

ries

.

* Fr

om 1

,200

to 2

,400

squ

are

feet

for

elec

tric

ity/e

lec-

tron

ics

and

craf

ts la

bora

tori

es.

35

Page 41: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

ELE

ME

NT

AR

Y

Aud

itoriu

man

d M

usic

Cla

ssro

omC

lass

room

SE

NIO

R H

IGH

Adm

inis

-tr

atio

nC

lass

room

Cla

ssro

om

Voc

atio

nal

Tec

hnic

al

Indu

s-tr

ial

kts

Sci

ence

and

Mat

h

Hom

eE

cono

mic

s

Vas

sR

oom

Cla

ssro

om

Att

Indu

s-tr

ial

kts

IlA

Mat

h

Hom

eE

cono

-m

ics

Cla

ssro

om

Indu

s-tr

ie!

Art

s

Cla

ssro

om

Aud

itoriu

m

Mus

ic

Loca

ting

the

indu

stria

l art

s de

part

men

t nea

rot

her

rela

ted

curr

icul

um a

reas

mak

es c

orre

late

d ac

tiviti

es e

asie

r.

36

The

tota

l are

a of

labo

rato

ries

is o

ften

dete

rmin

ed o

n th

eba

si3

of a

squ

are

foot

(ra

nge

from

75 to

150

) pe

r pu

pil r

atio

and

an a

ssum

ed c

lass

siz

e (f

or e

xam

ple,

from

20

to 2

4 pu

pils

).Su

ch a

rat

io, h

owev

er, i

s no

t val

id f

or v

ery

smal

l cla

sses

sinc

e th

e eq

uipm

ent n

eede

d in

a la

bora

tory

,in

ord

er to

pro

-vi

de f

or th

e ne

cess

ary

lear

ning

exp

erie

nces

,ta

kes

up a

bout

the

sam

e am

ount

of

spac

e.Sh

ape

and

Hei

ght.G

ener

ally

the

shap

e of

labo

rato

ries

is

rect

angu

lar.

Sug

gest

ions

rece

ived

fro

m te

ache

rs d

urin

g th

esc

livol

vis

its in

dica

ted

that

the

wid

th s

houl

dbe

no

less

than

30 f

eet a

nd th

at p

ower

mec

hani

csla

bora

tori

es s

houl

d be

wid

er to

am

omm

odat

e au

tom

obile

s, b

oats

,an

d ot

her

larg

eeq

uipm

ent.

How

ever

, som

e ne

wer

idea

s re

gard

ing

the

spac

eof

the

labo

rato

ry a

re s

how

n on

the

insi

defr

ont c

over

.

Cei

ling

heig

hts

in la

bora

tori

es r

ange

dfr

om 1

2 to

22

feet

,bu

t the

latte

r fo

otag

e w

as g

ener

ally

cons

ider

ed to

o hi

gh.

Whe

re a

car

lift

is u

sed

in th

e po

wer

mec

hani

cs f

acili

ty, t

hece

iling

sho

uld

be h

ighe

r to

acco

mm

odat

e th

e ca

r lif

t.R

esea

rch

stud

ies

on la

bora

tori

es s

how

ed th

at:

* T

he s

hape

sho

uld

be f

rom

1: P

A to

1:2

(ex

ampl

e: 4

0fe

et w

ide

by 7

0 fe

et lo

ng)

.

* T

hera

nge

of h

eigh

t sho

uld

be f

rom

12

to 1

4 fe

et.

Arc

hite

ctur

al C

onsi

dera

tions

The

arc

hite

ctur

al d

etai

ls w

hich

fol

low

are

per

tinen

tto

fun

c-

tiona

l fac

ilitie

s fo

r in

dust

rial

art

s an

d re

quir

eth

e at

tent

ion

of

desi

gner

s an

d pl

anne

rs. M

any

of th

ese

wer

e ob

serv

ed b

y th

eau

thor

s an

d w

ere

repo

rted

in th

e re

sear

chre

view

ed.

Floo

ring

.The

type

of

floo

ring

sele

cted

for

the

labo

rato

ries

vari

es w

ith th

e ne

eds

of th

e ac

tiviti

es to

be

acco

mm

odat

ed. C

on-

side

ratio

ns m

ust b

e gi

ven

to f

loor

sur

face

s w

hich

are

: (1)

de-

sign

ed to

end

ure,

but

not

so

nonr

esili

ent a

s to

cau

se u

ndue

fatig

ue; (

2) in

sula

ted

to p

reve

nt n

oise

; (3)

ple

asin

gin

ap-

pear

ance

; (4)

clea

ned

easi

ly;

(5)

fini

shed

to r

educ

e th

e

Page 42: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

dang

er o

f sl

ippi

ng; a

nd (

6) r

epai

red

easi

ly a

nd e

ffec

tivel

y.G

ener

ally

, in

labo

rato

ries

whe

re f

loor

s ar

e su

bjec

ted

to o

ils o

rse

vere

usa

ge, o

r se

rve

diff

eren

t sub

ject

are

assu

ch a

s m

etal

s,po

wer

mec

hani

cs, a

nd c

eram

icsa

har

dene

d, s

eale

d co

ncre

tefl

oor

is r

ecom

men

ded.

In

othe

r la

bora

tori

es, a

res

ilien

t typ

efl

oori

ngei

ther

map

le, v

inyl

asb

esto

s, o

r so

lid v

inyl

may

be

used

. A c

eram

ic ti

le f

loor

is p

refe

rred

in th

e ce

ram

ics

labo

ra-

tory

or

area

. Flo

or a

reas

whe

re m

achi

ne o

pera

tors

sta

nd n

eed

spec

ial t

reat

men

t for

saf

ety

reas

ons,

suc

h as

a n

onsk

id s

urfa

ce.

Wal

ls a

nd D

oors

.Of

spec

ial c

once

rn to

the

plan

ners

of

func

tiona

l fac

ilitie

s ar

e th

e ty

pes

of w

alls

and

the

loca

tion

and

size

s of

doo

rs. T

he w

all m

ater

ials

of

a la

bora

tory

are

usua

lly th

e sa

me

as th

ose

used

thro

ugho

ut a

sch

ool p

lant

.Pl

anne

rs s

houl

d, h

owev

er, c

onsi

der

usin

g a

wai

nsco

t of

4 to

5 fe

et, w

ith a

har

d, e

asy-

to-c

lean

sur

face

. An

encl

osed

pla

n-ni

ng a

rea

or o

ffic

e is

par

ticul

arly

app

ropr

iate

for

a w

ains

cot,

to p

rovi

de s

pace

for

equ

ipm

ent o

n bo

th s

ides

of

the

wai

nsco

t,w

ith a

gla

ss a

rea

abov

e to

per

mit

visi

bilit

y of

the

who

le la

bo-

rato

ry. I

f co

ncre

te b

lock

s ar

e us

ed, t

hey

shou

ld b

e pr

oper

lyse

aled

and

coa

ted

with

an

epox

yor

pla

stic

fin

ish

pain

t. M

ov-

able

wal

ls o

r pa

rtiti

ons

of m

etal

, woo

d,or

con

cret

e bl

ock

shou

ld b

e no

n-lo

ad-b

eari

ng a

nd c

onta

inno

util

ities

.T

he s

ize

and

swin

g of

doo

rsca

n ei

ther

mak

e th

e ad

jace

ntw

all s

pace

use

less

or

redu

ce th

e fu

nctio

ns o

fa

labo

rato

ry b

ylim

iting

acc

ess

to it

or

its a

uxili

ary

faci

litie

s. I

fca

rs a

re to

be

driv

en in

to a

pow

er m

echa

nics

or tr

ansp

orta

tion

labo

rato

ry,

a ra

mp

and

wid

e ov

erhe

ad d

oor

is h

elpf

ul. T

he lo

catio

n of

the

door

is d

eter

min

ed b

y th

e si

ze a

nd s

hape

of

the

labo

rato

ry,

the

serv

ice

driv

e, a

nd th

e nu

mbe

r of

cars

to b

e ad

mitt

ed a

ton

e tim

e, b

ut it

sho

uld

be a

t lea

st 7

fee

t fro

m a

cor

ner

tope

rmit

wor

k an

d fr

eepa

ssag

e. A

hyd

raul

ic c

ar li

ft w

ill a

lso

infl

uenc

e th

e lo

catio

n an

d he

ight

of

the

door

. An

over

head

orla

rger

, ext

erio

r sw

ingi

ng d

oer

may

be

used

in a

woo

ds la

bo-

rato

ry w

hen

lum

ber

or b

ulky

obj

ects

are

deliv

ered

or

rem

oved

.T

he s

pace

in f

ront

of

this

doo

rm

ay b

e ut

ilize

d fo

r la

rge

con-

stru

ctio

n as

wel

l. A

n en

tran

ce to

the

labo

rato

ry f

rom

the

out-

side

is im

port

ant f

or e

veni

ng c

lass

use.

Thi

s m

ay b

e pl

aced

next

to a

n ov

erhe

ad d

oor

or, a

s in

som

e in

stan

ces,

with

in th

edo

or it

self

.

Inte

rior

doo

rs s

houl

d no

t be

less

than

3 f

eet w

ide

and

pref

erab

ly w

ider

. Whe

re d

oors

wid

er th

an 4

fee

tar

e ne

eded

,as

for

a f

inis

hing

roo

m o

r be

twee

n la

bora

tori

es f

or m

ovin

geq

uipm

ent,

doub

le, s

win

ging

doo

rsor

, und

er s

ome

circ

um-

stan

ces,

bif

old

or s

lidin

g do

ors

may

be

cons

ider

ed. D

oors

shou

ld s

win

g aw

ay f

rom

usa

ble

wal

lsp

ace

yet n

ot in

terf

ere

with

fre

e pa

ssag

e in

the

room

. Pla

cing

doo

rs c

lose

to a

cor

ner

whe

re p

ossi

ble

will

per

mit

bette

rro

om a

nd w

all u

tiliz

atio

n.Fi

re s

afet

y la

ws

shou

ld b

e co

nsul

ted

conc

erni

ng d

oor

requ

ire-

men

ts.

Plum

bing

.Hot

and

col

d w

ater

is n

eede

d in

or n

ear

a fi

n-is

hing

roo

m, i

n th

e ph

otog

raph

ic d

arkr

oom

, and

in th

ece

ram

ics

area

. Col

d w

ater

is a

lso

requ

ired

for

que

nch

tank

s in

the

met

als

and

the

pow

er m

echa

nics

labo

rato

ries

. A ta

p is

need

ed n

ear

an o

verh

ead

door

or

outs

ide

entr

ance

for

use

inor

out

side

the

build

ing.

Fac

ilitie

s fo

r ou

tboa

rd m

otor

ope

ra-

tion

and

test

ing

mus

t hav

e w

ater

.A

cid

resi

stan

t plu

mbi

ng f

ixtu

res

mus

t be

cons

ider

ed f

orph

otog

raph

ic p

roce

ssin

g an

d fo

r m

etal

fin

ishi

ng w

hich

in-

volv

es e

tchi

ng a

nd e

lect

ropl

atin

g. A

spe

cial

sin

k tr

ap a

nda

floo

r dr

ain

are

espe

cial

ly d

esir

able

in th

e ce

ram

ics

area

. Vol

a-til

e liq

uid

inte

rcep

tor

floo

r dr

ains

in th

epo

wer

mec

hani

csla

bora

tory

are

man

dato

ry if

car

sar

e br

ough

t in

or if

flu

idpo

wer

act

iviti

es a

re c

ondu

cted

or

plan

ned.

A f

loor

-lev

elca

pped

pip

e le

adin

g to

a b

urie

d st

orag

e ta

nk o

utsi

de th

ela

bora

tory

is d

esir

able

for

dis

posi

ng o

f w

aste

oils

.Pl

umbi

ng f

or c

ompr

esse

d ai

r an

d ga

s lin

es is

ess

entia

l. C

om-

pres

sed

air

is n

eede

d fo

r al

mos

t eve

ry in

dust

rial

art

s fa

cilit

yfo

r op

erat

ing

clea

ning

, spr

ayin

g, c

oolin

g, a

nd o

ther

pne

umat

icto

ols

or e

quip

men

t. N

atur

al, m

ixed

, art

ific

al, o

r bo

ttled

gas

37

Page 43: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

is u

sed

to h

eat s

olde

ring

cop

pers

, fou

ndry

and

hea

t tre

atin

gfu

rnac

es, a

nd s

omet

imes

kiln

s. S

uppl

y lin

es f

or a

ir o

r ga

s m

aybe

eith

er u

nder

grou

nd o

r al

ong

a w

all o

verh

ead.

Air

line

sor

igin

ate

at a

com

pres

sor

whi

ch s

houl

d be

loca

ted

not t

co f

arfr

om th

e po

wer

mec

hani

cs la

bora

tory

or

a fi

nish

ing

room

,an

d th

ey s

houl

d be

ext

enda

ble

to th

ose

area

s w

here

nee

ded.

Air

may

be

tapp

ed o

ff a

t any

poi

nt, u

sing

qui

ck d

isco

nnec

tsat

tach

ed to

the

line

and

hose

s. I

n a

fini

shin

g ro

om o

r ot

her

labo

rato

ry w

here

var

iabl

e ai

r pr

essu

res

are

requ

ired

, air

tran

s-fo

rmer

s ar

e al

so c

onne

cted

in th

e lin

e. G

as li

nes

are

dire

cted

from

thei

r so

urce

to th

e ar

eas

whe

re g

as is

use

d, a

nd a

re p

ro-

vide

d w

ith s

hut-

off

valv

es b

efor

e be

ing

atta

ched

to th

e eq

uip-

men

t. A

ir li

nes

shou

ld m

ake

prov

isio

ns f

or d

rops

in p

ress

ure

as th

eir

leng

th in

crea

ses,

and

sho

uld

also

be

pitc

hed

to p

erm

itw

ater

con

dens

ate

to b

e ta

pped

off

eith

er a

t the

com

pres

sor

orin

the

line.

Air

, gas

, and

in s

ome

inst

ance

s w

ater

line

s m

ay b

epi

ped

into

a p

lann

ing

or d

emon

stra

tion

cent

er, e

spec

ially

inth

e po

wer

mec

hani

cs la

bora

tory

.E

lect

rica

l Ser

vice

.Des

igne

rs o

f th

e el

ectr

ical

ser

vice

sys

tem

sfo

r in

dust

rial

art

s de

part

men

ts m

ust m

ake

cert

ain

that

cir

-cu

its a

nd o

utle

ts a

re a

dequ

ate

in n

umbe

r, k

ind,

and

cap

acity

to m

eet p

rese

nt a

nd f

utur

e ne

eds

of th

e va

riou

s la

bora

tori

esfo

r bo

th m

achi

nes

and

light

ing.

Cen

tral

ized

box

esor

pan

els

utili

zing

indi

vidu

al c

ircu

it br

eake

rs a

nd lo

ck-l

atch

doo

rsar

ehi

ghly

des

irab

le in

eac

h la

bora

tory

. A k

eyed

res

et s

witc

h fo

rpa

nic

butto

ns w

hich

are

str

ateg

ical

ly lo

cate

d in

the

labo

rato

rysh

ould

als

o be

pro

vide

d at

the

mas

ter

cont

rol p

anel

. Suf

fici

ent

outle

ts a

long

the

wal

ls w

here

pow

er e

quip

men

t may

be

loca

ted

or u

sed

are

nece

ssar

y fo

r fl

exib

ility

; how

ever

, too

l or

cabi

net s

tora

ge a

nd d

ispl

ays

shou

ld b

e co

nsid

ered

in p

laci

ngth

e ou

tlets

. Sel

f-re

ti ac

ting

drop

out

lets

ove

r be

nche

s fo

r po

rt-

able

equ

ipm

ent a

re d

esir

able

. An

over

head

bus

-way

sys

tem

can

be d

esig

ned

for

equi

pmen

t loc

ated

aw

ay f

rom

a w

all,

oran

und

erfl

oor

trou

gh m

ay b

e us

ed f

or e

lect

rica

l pow

er a

nd th

e

38

dust

col

lect

ion

syst

em in

the

woo

ds la

bora

tory

or

area

. Flo

orty

pe o

utle

ts, i

f in

clud

ed, m

ust b

e co

vere

d an

d fl

ush

with

the

floo

r. Serv

ices

sho

uld

be p

lann

ed f

or in

stru

ctio

nal m

edia

over

-he

ad a

nd o

ther

pro

ject

ors,

rec

orde

rs, a

nd c

lose

d-ci

rcui

t tel

e-vi

sion

; for

clo

cks,

sig

nalli

ng, t

elep

hone

, and

oth

er c

omm

uni-

catio

ns d

evic

es; a

nd in

the

elec

tric

ity/e

lect

roni

cs la

bora

tory

,fo

r ce

ntra

l and

/or

indi

vidu

al p

ower

sup

plie

s.Sp

ecia

l atte

ntio

n, s

uch

as a

red

"bu

lls-e

ye"

jew

el in

dica

tor

to c

ontr

ol s

witc

h, s

houl

d be

giv

en to

ele

ctri

cal s

ervi

ces

for

wel

ders

, kiln

s, e

lect

ric

furn

aces

, and

oth

er e

quip

men

t with

high

am

pera

ge r

atin

gs.

Res

earc

h st

udie

s ex

amin

ed s

ugge

st th

at:

* 22

0-44

0 vo

lt th

ree-

phas

e an

d 11

0-12

0 vo

lt si

ngle

-pha

segr

ound

ed e

lect

rica

l sys

tem

sho

uld

be in

stal

led

to m

eet

elec

tric

al p

ower

nee

ds.

* 11

0-12

0 vo

lt gr

ound

ed d

oubl

e w

all o

utle

ts, l

ocat

ed 3

6to

42

inch

es a

bove

the

floo

r an

d sp

aced

10

to 1

5 fe

etap

art,

shou

ld b

e in

stal

led

alon

g th

e w

alls

.

Con

ditio

ning

Spa

ce

Plan

ners

and

des

igne

rs o

f pr

oper

ly s

ized

and

arr

ange

dph

ysic

al f

acili

ties

for

indu

stri

al a

rts

mus

t mak

e su

re th

at e

ach

labo

rato

ry h

as g

ood

qual

ity-l

evel

vis

ual,

tem

pera

ture

, and

soun

d co

ntro

ls a

nd p

rope

r in

teri

or f

inis

hes

for

safe

ty, a

ttrac

-tiv

enes

s, a

nd e

duca

tiona

l use

fuln

ess.

Vis

ual C

ontr

ol.A

ligh

ting

syst

em s

houl

d be

cho

sen

to m

eet

the

requ

irem

ents

of

the

job

to b

e do

ne. T

wo

cons

ider

atio

nssh

ould

be

uppe

rmos

t in

the

min

ds o

f th

e pl

anne

rs: (

1) W

illit

allo

w p

upils

and

teac

hers

to s

ee w

ithou

t dis

trac

tion?

and

(2)

Doe

s th

e ap

pear

ance

of

the

inst

alla

tion

fit t

he a

rchi

tect

-ur

al d

esig

n? T

o m

eet t

hese

con

ditio

ns, i

ndus

tria

l art

s la

bo-

rato

ries

use

bot

h na

tura

l and

art

ific

ial l

ight

ing.

Page 44: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

NA

TU

RA

L L

IGH

TIN

G

Win

dow

s, s

ky d

omes

, and

cle

rest

orie

s ar

e th

e so

urce

sof

natu

ral l

ight

ing.

Win

dow

s w

ith h

igh

sills

from

5 to

7 f

eet

from

the

floo

r ar

e re

com

men

ded

by m

any

teac

hers

to p

reve

ntgl

are

on w

ork

area

s an

d to

pro

vide

spa

ce u

nder

the

win

dow

sfo

r st

orag

e, m

achi

nes,

and

oth

er e

quip

men

t.N

orth

and

eas

tlig

ht s

houl

d be

pla

nned

for

whe

neve

r po

ssib

le.

The

tren

d in

curr

ent s

choo

l con

stru

ctio

n to

war

d le

ssw

indo

w s

pace

in o

ut-

side

wal

ls o

f ac

adem

ic c

lass

room

s an

d la

bora

tori

essh

ould

plea

se p

lann

ers

of in

dust

rial

art

s fa

cilit

ies

in v

iew

of th

eir

need

for

wal

l spa

ce.

Dom

e an

d cl

eres

tory

ligh

ting

are

less

com

mon

ly f

ound

than

outs

ide

wal

l win

dow

s. W

here

they

are

use

d, it

is r

ecom

men

ded

that

low

-tra

nsm

issi

on g

lass

or

plas

tic b

e in

stal

led

to p

reve

ntgl

are

and

exce

ssiv

e he

at f

rom

the

sun.

Sky

dom

es s

houl

d ha

vese

aled

inne

r an

d ou

ter

dom

es, o

ne c

lear

and

the

othe

r w

hite

or

fros

ted,

to p

rovi

de b

ette

r lig

ht d

iffu

sion

and

to e

limin

ate

con-

dens

atio

n pr

oble

ms.

Nat

ural

ligh

ting

may

als

o be

intr

oduc

ed in

to th

e la

bora

tory

by p

rovi

ding

an

abov

e-ce

iling

cav

ity th

at a

llow

s su

nlig

ht to

diff

use

into

the

room

thro

ugh

a tr

ahsl

ucen

t or

low

ered

cei

ling.

AR

TIF

ICIA

L L

IGH

TIN

GA

rtif

icia

l lig

htin

g sy

stem

s sh

ould

pro

vide

a u

nifo

rm d

istr

i-bu

tion

of s

hado

w-f

ree,

gla

re-f

ree

illum

inat

ion

that

con

form

sto

ado

pted

sta

ndar

ds.1

Art

ific

ial l

ight

ing

for

the

indu

stri

alar

ts d

epar

tmen

t sho

uld

equa

l tha

t rec

omm

ende

d fo

rac

adem

iccl

assr

oom

s; h

owev

er, f

or d

raft

ing,

whe

re p

reci

sion

wor

k is

carr

ied

on, l

ight

ing

inte

nsity

sho

uld

be in

crea

sed.

Gen

eral

artif

icia

l lig

htin

g sh

ould

be

by in

dire

ct o

r se

mi-

indi

rect

fix

-tu

res,

inca

ndes

cent

or

fluo

resc

ent,

the

latte

r pr

ovid

ed w

ith b

al-

last

s ha

ving

a lo

w n

oise

leve

l. G

ener

al li

ghtin

g sh

ould

be

Am

eric

an S

tand

ard

Gui

de f

or S

choo

l Lig

htin

g. A

man

ual p

repa

red

join

tly b

y th

e A

mer

ican

Ins

titut

e of

Arc

hite

cts,

the

Illu

min

atin

g E

n-gi

neer

ing

Soci

ety,

and

the

Nat

iona

l Cou

ncil

on S

choo

lhou

se C

onst

ru-

tion.

New

Yor

k: I

llum

inat

ing

Eng

inee

ring

Soc

iety

, 196

2.

supp

lem

ente

d w

ith a

dditi

onal

loca

l lig

htin

g on

mac

hine

s an

din

are

as w

here

pre

cisi

on w

ork

is d

one.

Lig

htin

g an

dfi

xtur

esfo

r th

e fi

nish

ing

room

, dar

kroo

m, a

nd d

ispl

ay a

reas

shou

ldm

eet t

he s

peci

al n

eeds

of

thes

e ar

eas.

Col

ors,

dis

cuss

ed in

ala

ter

sect

ion,

hav

e gr

eat i

nflu

ence

on

light

ing.

Res

earc

h st

udie

s sh

ow th

at:

* Fi

fty

to s

ixty

foo

t-ca

ndle

s of

ligh

t are

nec

essa

ry a

tbe

nch

heig

ht.

* Fl

uore

scen

t lig

htin

g is

rec

omm

ende

d fo

r in

dust

rial

art

sla

bora

tori

es.

Tem

pera

ture

Con

trol

s, V

entil

atio

n, a

nd E

xhau

sts.

Mai

n-ta

inin

g th

e pr

oper

ther

mal

env

iron

men

t is

an im

port

ant f

acto

rin

the

mos

t pro

duct

ive

use

of ti

me

and

spac

e. T

he c

ondi

tion

of th

e ai

r an

d th

e su

rfac

e te

mpe

ratu

re in

the

depa

rtm

ent

affe

ct th

e ph

ysic

al a

nd m

enta

l com

fort

of

pupi

ls a

nd th

eir

effi

cien

cy in

lear

ning

.T

he te

mpe

ratu

re le

vel r

equi

red

in in

dust

rial

art

s la

bora

-to

ries

sho

uld

be d

eter

min

ed b

y th

e ac

tiviti

es c

arri

ed o

n. W

here

the

activ

ities

are

vig

orou

s, th

e te

mpe

ratu

re m

ay r

ange

fro

m60

to 7

0 de

gree

s F.

; but

in a

reas

whe

re a

ctiv

ities

are

mod

erat

e,it

may

be

from

68

to 7

2 de

gree

s F.

, mea

sure

d 5

feet

abo

ve th

efl

oor.

Lab

orat

orie

s w

ith f

urna

ces,

wel

ders

, and

oth

er h

eat-

prod

ucin

g eq

uipm

ent m

ay r

equi

re le

ss h

eat.

In th

e po

wer

mec

hani

cs o

r tr

ansp

orta

tion

labo

rato

ry w

here

larg

e ov

erhe

addo

ors

may

rem

ain

open

a p

erio

d of

tim

e, e

spec

ially

dur

ing

win

ter

mon

ths

in c

olde

r cl

imat

es, a

qui

ck h

eat r

espo

nse

isne

eded

. Con

trol

s w

hich

can

be

conv

enie

ntly

reg

ulat

ed s

houl

dbe

pro

vide

d.R

elat

ive

hum

idity

in a

labo

rato

ry m

ust b

e ca

refu

lly c

on-

trol

led

at a

bout

45

perc

ent t

o pr

even

t the

sur

face

oxi

datio

n of

tool

s an

d m

achi

nes,

the

open

ing

of jo

inte

d w

ood

tops

, or

the

curl

ing

of p

aper

in a

gra

phic

art

s la

bora

tory

.

39

Page 45: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

Pro

per

envi

ronm

enta

l con

trol

may

be

achi

eved

thro

ugh

the

use

of h

oods

, ove

rhea

d an

d un

der-

the-

floor

pip

es,

and

duct

s.

Lar

ge w

indo

w a

reas

in o

utsi

de w

alls

can

cau

se s

olar

hea

t to

vary

wid

ely,

hig

h w

hen

the

sun

is s

hini

ng a

nd lo

w w

hen

the

sun

is n

ot s

hini

ng. T

he u

se o

f la

rge

area

s of

gla

ss is

bei

ngqu

estio

ned

as m

ore

scho

ols,

bec

ause

of

thei

r lo

catio

n an

d th

ein

crea

sed

use

of th

eir

faci

litie

s du

ring

the

sum

mer

mon

ths,

cons

ider

air

con

ditio

ning

. Lab

orat

orie

s w

ith w

est a

nd s

outh

orie

ntat

ions

, par

ticul

arly

in s

outh

ern

Stat

es, s

houl

d ha

ve o

ut-

side

wal

l win

dow

s of

low

-tra

nsm

issi

Gn

glas

s to

impr

ove

the

perf

orm

ance

of

air

cond

ition

ing

syst

ems.

A c

aref

ully

con

trol

led

atm

osph

ere

in c

lass

room

s pr

even

tsst

ress

, str

ain,

and

fat

igue

on

pupi

ls a

nd te

ache

rs a

like

and

impr

oves

bot

h th

e in

stru

ctio

n an

d le

arni

ng. A

ir c

ondi

tioni

ngca

n be

of

maj

or b

enef

it du

ring

day

, eve

ning

, and

sum

mer

pro

-gr

ams.

In

addi

tion,

thos

e te

ache

rs w

ho a

lrea

dy h

ave

air-

cond

ition

ed f

acili

ties

indi

cate

that

the

air

is c

lean

er a

nd le

sshu

mid

, res

ultin

g in

red

uced

equ

ipm

ent m

aint

enan

ce a

ndre

plac

emen

t cos

ts.

40

A v

entil

atio

n sy

stem

sho

uld

prov

ide

fres

h ai

r co

nsta

ntly

,es

peci

ally

in s

mal

l or

clos

ed s

pace

s, s

uch

as th

e pl

anni

ng a

reas

,te

ache

r's o

ffic

e, d

arkr

oom

, and

fin

ishi

ng r

oom

.Sp

ecia

l exh

aust

ven

tilat

ing

faci

litie

s ar

e ne

eded

in th

e in

-du

stri

al a

rts

labo

rato

ry. F

or e

xam

ple,

fum

e an

d sm

oke

hood

ssh

ould

be

prov

ided

in th

e m

etal

s la

bora

tory

in th

e ho

t met

als

and

sold

erin

g ar

eas,

fin

ishi

ng r

oom

, and

dar

kroo

m. U

nder

-fl

oor

forc

ed a

ir e

xhau

sts

to r

emov

e fu

mes

fro

m g

as-p

ower

edeq

uipm

ent a

re e

ssen

tial.

A d

ust a

nd c

hip

colle

ctio

n sy

stem

,ei

ther

und

erfl

oor

or o

verh

ead,

is d

esir

able

for

woo

dwor

king

mac

hine

ry f

or th

e he

alth

of

both

teac

her

and

pupi

ls. A

fle

x-ib

le h

ose

conn

ectio

n fr

om th

e eq

uipm

ent t

o th

e sy

stem

not

only

red

uces

the

nois

e le

vel b

ut a

lso

perm

its g

reat

er f

lexi

bilit

yin

loca

ting

the

mac

hine

ry. C

apac

ity, f

lexi

bilit

y, n

oise

leve

l,an

d ea

se o

f m

aint

enan

ce s

houl

d be

con

side

red

in th

e se

lect

ion

of e

xhau

st a

nd c

olle

ctio

n sy

stem

. Loc

aliz

ed s

witc

hes

and

con-

trol

s fo

r th

ese

faci

litie

s sh

ould

be

prov

ided

.

Page 46: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

Soun

d C

ontr

ol.M

any

nois

e-pr

oduc

ing

activ

ities

are

carr

ied

on in

the

indu

stri

al a

rts

depa

rtm

ent.

The

se m

ay b

ecom

e di

s-tr

actin

g to

pup

ils a

nd te

ache

rs b

oth

in th

e de

part

men

tits

elf

and

in o

ther

dep

artm

ents

nea

rby.

The

refo

re, a

dequ

ate

nois

e

trea

tmen

t and

inte

rcep

tion

mus

t be

prov

ided

. Bec

ause

doo

rsar

e so

met

imes

left

ope

n,th

e la

bora

tory

is o

ften

pla

nned

so

that

ope

ning

s ar

e aw

ay f

rom

aca

dem

ic c

lass

room

s,lib

rari

es,

and

othe

r qu

iet a

ctiv

ity a

reas

.T

he ty

pe o

f co

nstr

uctio

n m

ater

ials

nee

ded

for

adeq

uate

soun

d in

terc

eptio

n is

gen

eral

ly s

ugge

sted

by

acou

stic

alen

gi-

neer

s an

d ar

chite

cts,

who

als

o de

term

ine

whe

re a

bsor

ptio

nm

ater

ials

are

to b

e pl

aced

in th

e la

bora

tory

. Lim

iting

nois

e-

trea

tmen

t mat

eria

ls s

uch

as a

cous

tical

tile

to th

e ce

liing

is a

com

mon

fau

lt. S

peci

alat

tent

ion

to s

ound

con

trol

sho

uld

begi

ven

to (

1) a

n en

clos

ed p

lann

ing

area

, if

used

, bet

wee

nth

ein

stru

ctor

's o

ffic

e an

d th

e m

ain

labo

rato

ry; (

2) th

e ba

ses

and

feet

of

rota

ting,

vib

ratin

g, a

nd im

pact

mac

hine

ry a

ndeq

uip-

men

t; an

d (3

) a

liste

ning

are

a in

the

elec

tron

ics

labo

rato

ry,

espe

cial

ly in

the

amat

eur

radi

o ro

om.

Fini

shes

and

Col

ors.

Too

oft

en, b

ecau

se o

f its

act

iviti

es, a

nar

chite

ct o

r pl

anni

ng c

omm

ittee

may

igno

re a

esth

etic

fea

ture

sof

the

indu

stri

al a

rts

depa

rtm

ent.

For

exam

ple,

bea

ms,

col-

umns

, and

oth

er s

truc

tura

lel

emen

ts n

ot o

nly

supp

ly th

esk

elet

on o

f an

indu

stri

al a

rts

depa

rtm

ent b

ut m

ay a

lso

have

abe

auty

of

thei

r ow

n if

the

arch

itect

con

side

rs u

nity

and

pro

-po

rtio

n in

the

desi

gn.

Atte

ntio

n sh

ould

be

give

n to

sur

face

fin

ishe

s on

wal

ls, w

ood-

wor

k, f

urni

ture

, and

equ

ipm

ent.

Furn

iture

of

a ne

utra

l col

orw

ith a

non

glar

e fi

nish

is o

ften

use

d. G

loss

y su

rfac

es s

houl

d be

elim

inat

ed in

ord

er to

avo

id d

istu

rbin

g hi

ghlig

hts.

Sem

iglo

ssy

surf

aces

sho

uld

be d

isco

urag

ed; h

owev

er, t

hey

are

som

etim

esse

en b

elow

eye

leve

l for

are

asw

here

fre

quen

t cle

anin

g is

nece

ssar

y.Pa

int f

inis

hes

are

gene

rally

fla

t or

mat

te o

n al

l int

erio

rsu

rfac

es a

t eye

leve

l. T

he w

alls

obs

erve

d in

man

y la

bora

tori

esw

ere

gree

n, th

e ce

iling

s w

hite

, and

the

floo

rs g

ray

or a

nat

ural

fini

sh. T

hese

col

ors

seem

ed to

be

aest

hetic

ally

and

psy

chol

ogi-

cally

sui

tabl

e. T

rim

is o

ften

fin

ishe

d w

ith a

40

to60

per

cent

refl

ectio

n fa

ctor

pai

nt; d

esks

and

equ

ipm

ent,

30 to

50

perc

ent;

floo

rs, 3

0 to

40

perc

ent;

and

chal

kboa

rds,

20

to 2

5 pe

rcen

t.C

olor

can

des

troy

or

reaf

firm

the

beau

ty o

f a

build

ingi

tsun

ity, i

ts p

ropo

rtio

n, a

nd th

e se

emin

g fl

ow o

f sp

ace.

How

ever

,its

psy

chol

ogic

al e

ffec

t on

pupi

ls m

ust b

e co

nsid

ered

. For

ex-

ampl

e, g

reen

s, a

quam

arin

es, a

nd b

lues

app

ear

to b

e re

stfu

l,w

hile

red

s ar

e st

imul

atin

g, y

ello

w e

xhila

ratin

g, a

nd s

ome

brow

ns a

nd g

rays

dep

ress

ing.

Col

or c

an b

e us

ed to

iden

tify

dang

er z

ones

. Nor

ther

n ro

oms

can

be b

enef

ited

by w

arm

colo

rs; w

arm

exp

osur

es, b

y co

ol c

olor

s. T

he f

ram

es o

f m

a-ch

ines

sho

uld

be o

f ne

utra

l sha

des

(gra

y or

gre

en w

as o

bser

ved

quite

oft

en d

urin

g sc

hool

vis

its).

Lig

ht w

ill p

rovi

de m

axim

umvi

sibi

lity

at c

ritic

al p

oint

son

a m

etal

lath

e, f

or e

xam

plef

orea

se in

rea

ding

mea

suri

ng in

stru

men

ts.

Scho

ol in

dust

rial

art

sla

bora

tori

es a

nd d

raw

ing

room

s pa

inte

d "e

ye-r

est g

reen

". w

ere

attr

activ

e an

d pr

actic

al. O

ther

col

ors

in c

omm

on u

se f

or s

afet

ypu

rpos

es a

re:

fire

pro

tect

ionr

ed; s

afet

ygre

en; v

isib

ility

yello

w; t

raff

icw

hite

, gra

y, o

r bl

ack;

ale

rtor

ange

; and

pre

-ca

utio

nblu

e.Sa

fety

and

Hea

lth C

once

rns.

A s

choo

l boa

rd m

ust p

rovi

dean

d m

aint

ain

scho

ol f

acili

ties

whi

ch s

afeg

uard

the

life

and

heal

th o

f pu

pils

, tea

cher

s, a

nd o

ther

per

sons

who

ent

er th

esc

hool

pla

nt. T

he s

choo

l boa

rd a

nd s

choo

l per

sonn

el a

re a

lso

resp

onsi

ble

for

pres

ervi

ng a

nd p

rote

ctin

g sc

hool

pro

pert

y.T

he f

ollo

win

g is

a c

heck

list o

f pr

ecau

tions

on

safe

ty a

ndhe

alth

whi

ch p

lann

ers

of in

dust

rial

art

s la

bora

tori

es s

houl

dke

ep in

min

d as

they

dev

elop

spe

cifi

catio

ns:

1. A

re s

uffi

cien

t fir

e ex

tingu

ishe

rs, o

f th

e pr

oper

type

and

cons

picu

ousl

y m

arke

d, lo

cate

d ne

ar d

ange

r ar

eas

in e

ach

labo

rato

ry?

2.Is

a f

irst

-aid

kit

prov

ided

for

em

erge

ncy

use

only

?

3. A

re a

ll se

ctio

ns o

f th

e la

bora

tory

cle

arly

vis

ible

to th

ein

stru

ctor

fro

m a

ny p

oint

?

41

Page 47: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

4. A

re m

achi

nes

loca

ted

so th

at n

eith

er th

e op

erat

or n

orot

her

pupi

ls a

re in

dir

ect l

ine

of d

ange

r?5.

Is s

paci

ng b

etw

een

benc

hes,

mac

hine

ry, a

nd o

ther

equ

ip-

men

t suf

fici

enil

for

pupi

ls' s

afet

y an

d fr

ee p

assa

ge?

6. A

re s

uppl

ies

so a

rran

ged

that

pup

ils c

an o

btai

n th

emsa

fely

and

eff

icie

ntly

?7.

Are

ope

n fl

oor

spac

es p

rovi

ded

near

ent

ranc

es a

nd e

xits

to e

limin

ate

cong

estio

n?8.

Are

non

skid

sur

face

s pr

ovid

ed a

t the

ope

rato

r's p

ositi

onne

ar m

achi

nes?

9. A

re a

ll fl

oors

fin

ishe

d so

as

to r

educ

e th

e da

nger

of

slip

-pi

ng?

10. A

re o

pera

tors

' saf

ety

zone

s at

mac

hine

s de

sign

ated

on

the

floo

r by

pai

nted

line

s or

in s

ome

othe

r w

ay?

11.

Is a

veh

icle

hoi

st in

stea

d of

a p

it us

ed in

a p

ower

mec

han-

ics

labo

rato

ry?

12. A

re e

xhau

st f

ans

for

fum

es, s

mok

e, a

nd o

ther

toxi

c od

ors

suff

icie

ntly

larg

e to

elim

inat

e ha

zard

s?13

.Is

a c

olle

ctio

n sy

stem

pro

vide

d fo

r m

achi

nes

to f

ree

the

air

of d

ust o

r ot

her

cont

amin

ants

?14

. Are

mac

hine

s pr

oper

ly g

roun

ded

and

fuse

d in

divi

dual

ly?

15. A

re p

anic

but

tons

str

ateg

ical

ly lo

cate

d in

labo

rato

ries

whe

re h

azar

dous

mac

hine

s ar

e us

ed?

16. A

re e

lect

rica

l fac

ilitie

s in

a f

inis

hing

roo

m a

ppro

ved

for

the

purp

ose

inte

nded

?

42

17. A

re f

luor

esce

nt tu

bes

and

inca

ndes

cent

lam

ps p

rope

rly

shie

lded

?

18. A

re s

urfa

ce f

inis

hes

on w

alls

and

cei

lings

gla

re-f

ree

but

dura

ble?

19. A

re c

halk

boar

ds a

dur

able

, res

tful

col

or w

itha

low

ligh

tre

flec

tor

fact

or?

20.

Is th

e la

bora

tory

arr

ange

men

t des

igne

d fo

r go

od h

ouse

-ke

epin

g as

wel

l as

for

flex

ibili

ty a

nd f

unct

ion?

21. A

re w

indo

ws

plac

ed h

igh

enou

gh to

elim

inat

eor

red

uce

glar

e to

a m

inim

um?

22. A

re a

dequ

ate

was

hing

and

toile

t fac

ilitie

s pr

ovid

ed?

23. A

re a

ll ga

s, w

ater

, and

air

line

s eq

uipp

ed w

ith s

huto

ffva

lves

in th

e la

bora

tory

?24

. Are

labo

rato

ries

aco

ustic

ally

trea

ted

for

cont

rol o

f no

ise,

and

are

prov

isio

ns m

ade

for

redu

cing

noi

se tr

ansm

issi

onth

roug

h fl

oors

, wal

ls, a

nd/o

r co

lum

ns?

25. A

re c

lear

ly d

efin

ed a

isle

s pr

ovid

ed f

or s

afe

egre

ss f

rom

the

labo

rato

ry o

r fr

om o

ne s

ectio

n to

ano

ther

?26

.Is

the

floo

r in

the

hot m

etal

s ar

ea f

irep

rcof

?

27. A

re c

oncr

ete

floo

rs s

eale

d an

d ha

rden

ed to

kee

p du

stat

a m

inim

um w

hen

they

are

bei

ng c

lean

ed?

28. H

ave

floo

r dr

ains

bee

n pr

ovid

ed to

rem

ove

wat

er o

r ot

her

liqui

ds in

the

pow

er m

echa

nics

labo

rato

ry?

Page 48: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

CH

APT

ER

VI

Sum

mar

y an

d R

ecom

men

datio

ns

TH

IS P

UB

LIC

AT

ION

HA

S PR

ESE

NT

ED

AN

APP

RO

AC

H to

func

-

tiona

l pla

nnin

g of

indu

stri

al a

rts

faci

litie

s. T

his

chap

ter

sum

mar

izes

the

mai

n id

eas

unde

r tw

ohe

adin

gsG

ener

alG

uide

lines

whi

ch a

re r

elev

ant t

o al

lph

ases

of

indu

stri

al a

rts

and

Spec

ific

Gui

delin

es w

hich

curr

icul

um p

lann

ers

can

use

as a

n ev

alua

tive

inst

rum

ent t

o m

ake

indi

vidu

al ju

dgm

ents

on

spec

ific

fac

ilitie

s. I

n th

e fi

nal s

ectio

n,R

ecom

men

datio

ns f

orIm

prov

ing

Indu

stri

al A

rts

Edu

catio

n, th

esp

ecia

list f

or in

dus-

tria

l art

s ha

s at

tem

pted

to e

xtra

ctm

eani

ngs

from

the

data

pres

ente

d an

d to

sug

gest

way

s to

stre

ngth

en in

dust

rial

art

sin

stru

ctio

n in

the

Uni

ted

Stat

es.

Gen

eral

Gui

delin

esT

he f

ollo

win

g ge

nera

l gui

delin

es m

ay s

ugge

st s

ome

basi

c

plan

ning

idea

s fo

r cr

eatin

g fu

nctio

nal

indu

stri

al a

rts

faci

litie

s:

* Sp

ace

and

faci

litie

s sh

ould

be

desi

gned

so

as to

enc

our-

age

effe

ctiv

e in

stru

ctio

n at

both

the

elem

enta

ry a

nd th

ese

cond

ary

scho

ol le

vels

. Wel

l-pl

anne

dfa

cilit

ies

that

assi

st te

ache

rs to

per

form

thei

r ta

sks

safe

lyan

d w

ith a

min

imum

of

lost

tim

e an

d ef

fort

are

req

uisi

te to

a p

ro-

gram

whi

ch a

ttem

pts

toch

arac

teri

ze m

oder

n in

dust

ry.

* Sp

ace

and

equi

pmen

t mus

t be

flex

ible

toac

com

mod

ate

a va

riet

y of

act

iviti

es a

ndle

arni

ng e

xper

ienc

es f

or la

rge

and

smal

l gro

ups

of s

tude

nts

in d

ay a

nd e

veni

ngcl

asse

s,

and

teac

hing

tech

niqu

es u

niqu

e to

indu

stri

al a

rts.

* E

ffec

tive

use

of e

lect

roni

c an

d m

echa

nica

lte

achi

ngai

dssu

ch a

spr

ojec

tors

,re

cord

ers,

moc

kups

, and

othe

r de

vice

swill

dep

end

larg

ely

upon

thei

r ac

cess

i-

bilit

y an

d st

orag

e.*

Faci

litie

s se

lect

ed m

ust p

rovi

defo

r th

e ph

ysic

al d

iffe

r-en

ces,

suc

h as

pup

ils's

tren

gth,

coo

rdin

atio

n an

d co

ntro

l,

and

heig

ht.

* A

n at

mos

pher

e an

d se

tting

cond

uciv

e to

the

heal

th a

ndsa

fety

of

pupi

lsin

volv

ing

vent

ilatio

n,th

erm

al a

nd a

irco

nditi

onin

g, li

ghtin

g, a

nd c

olor

cond

ition

ings

houl

dre

ceiv

e ca

refu

l con

side

ratio

n.*

Spac

e fo

r pl

anni

ng, r

esea

rch,

dem

onst

ratio

n, a

nd th

eus

e of

inst

ruct

iona

lm

edia

and

res

ourc

es is

impe

rativ

e.

* A

dequ

ate

but f

lexi

ble

elec

tric

alse

rvic

e sh

ould

be

pro-

vide

d to

per

mit

rear

rang

emen

t of

equi

pmen

t as

dic-

tate

d by

the

need

s of

the

prog

ram

.*

Spac

e an

d fa

cilit

ies

shou

ld b

ede

sign

ed to

ful

fill

cur-

rent

cur

ricu

lum

nee

ds b

utfl

exib

le e

noug

h to

ada

pt to

chan

ging

req

uire

men

ts a

nd f

utur

e ne

eds.

* T

he p

ropo

sed

phys

ical

set

ting

and

its d

esig

n sh

ould

be

such

that

an

arch

itect

can

rea

dily

inco

rpor

ate

it in

the

over

all b

uild

ing

plan

s.*

Eff

icie

nt a

nd c

onve

nien

t spa

ce f

or th

e st

orag

eof

tool

s,eq

uipm

ent,

supp

lies,

mat

eria

ls, a

s w

ell a

spu

pils

' pro

j-ec

ts in

var

ious

sta

ges

ofco

mpl

etio

n is

man

dato

ry.

* Sp

ace

for

the

free

flo

w o

f tr

affi

c w

ith e

asy

mov

emen

tw

ithin

the

room

, to

and

from

sto

rage

com

part

men

tsan

d w

ork

stat

ions

, and

for

acc

ess

to th

e sc

hool

grou

nds

mus

t be

cons

ider

ed.

43

Page 49: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

Spec

ific

Gui

delin

es

In a

dditi

on to

the

prec

edin

g ge

nera

l gui

delin

es f

or p

lann

ing

indu

stri

alar

tsfa

cilit

ies,

the

follo

win

gsp

ecif

ic g

uide

lines

glea

ned

from

the

rese

arch

and

dis

cuss

ions

with

teac

hers

, pla

n-ne

rs, a

nd a

rchi

tect

s m

ay b

e us

ed a

s a

chec

klis

tfo

r ev

alua

ting

a sp

ecif

ic p

lan.

Eac

h gu

idel

ine

is in

the

form

of

a qu

estio

n,fo

llow

ed in

som

e ca

ses

by a

sta

tem

ent t

o he

lp th

e ev

alua

tor

dete

rmin

e w

heth

er o

r no

t thi

s sp

ecif

ic g

uide

line

is a

chie

ved.

A r

atin

g sc

ale

from

1 to

5 c

an b

e de

velo

ped

and

used

for

eac

hqu

estio

n. F

or e

xam

ple,

a 1

rat

ing

can

mea

n lo

w in

ach

ieve

-m

ent;

a 5,

hig

h.D

o th

e ed

ucat

iona

l spe

cifi

catio

ns c

lear

ly id

entif

y th

e ob

jec-

tives

to b

e ac

hiev

ed a

nd th

e in

stru

ctio

nal c

onte

nt to

be

taug

ht?

Exa

min

e ca

refu

lly th

e st

ated

obj

ectiv

es a

nd th

e re

latio

nshi

pof

the

topi

cs, c

once

pts,

or

units

of

stud

y to

be

taug

ht in

the

indu

stri

al a

rts

prog

ram

. The

pri

nted

Sta

te o

r lo

cal c

urri

culu

mgu

ide

is o

f in

valu

able

ass

ista

nce

in th

is ta

sk.

Is th

e in

stru

ctio

nal r

esou

rce

area

cen

tral

ly lo

cate

d? V

ario

ussu

pple

men

tal i

nstr

uctio

nal m

ater

ials

sho

uld

be w

ithin

eas

yac

cess

of

stud

ents

. The

inst

ruct

iona

l res

ourc

e or

pla

nnin

g ar

ea,

or d

epar

tmen

tal l

ibra

ry s

houl

d be

com

e a

foca

l poi

nt in

the

indu

stri

al a

rts

labo

rato

ry to

stim

ulat

e le

arni

ng. D

ispl

ay s

pace

ssh

ould

abo

und

in th

is a

rea.

Is th

e la

bora

tory

aco

ustic

ally

trea

ted?

Not

onl

y sh

ould

the

ceili

ngs

be tr

eate

d w

ith s

ound

abs

orpt

ion

mat

eria

l, bu

t vib

rat-

ing-

type

mac

hine

s w

here

ver

poss

ible

sho

uld

have

sou

nd-

abso

rbin

g m

ater

ial l

ocat

ed b

etw

een

the

base

of

the

mac

hine

and

the

floo

r.A

re to

ol p

anel

s co

nven

ient

ly lo

cate

d? S

tori

ng c

omm

on to

ols

near

whe

re th

ey a

re u

sed

mos

t oft

en k

eeps

unn

eces

sary

stu

-de

nt m

ovem

ent a

bout

the

labo

rato

ry a

t a m

inim

um.

Are

bul

ky m

ater

ials

suc

h as

woo

d an

d m

etal

sto

red

near

the

rece

ivin

g po

int i

n th

e la

bora

tory

? V

ertic

al s

tora

ge a

reas

are

effe

ctiv

e fo

r lu

mbe

r or

met

al b

ecau

se o

f th

e ea

se in

han

dlin

glo

ng p

iece

s, a

nd o

ften

this

met

hod

of s

tori

ng c

onse

rves

spa

ce.

44

Are

ther

e ad

equa

te s

tora

ge s

pace

s fo

r st

uden

ts' p

roje

cts

and

expe

rim

enta

l wor

k? C

onsi

der

the

stor

age

spac

e ne

eds

for

othe

rgr

oups

usi

ng th

e fa

cilit

ies,

suc

h as

adu

lt re

crea

tiona

l cla

sses

and

yout

h cl

ubs.

Sep

arat

e st

orag

e ro

oms

for

indi

vidu

al c

lass

esar

e of

ten

used

.Is

spa

ce f

or s

tude

nts'

per

sona

l bel

ongi

ngs

adeq

uate

and

conv

enie

nt?

Indi

vidu

al m

aste

r-ke

yed

lock

ers

unde

r be

nche

sar

e an

eff

ectiv

e st

orag

e m

etho

d us

ed in

man

y la

bora

tori

es.

Ope

n sh

elvi

ng n

ear

the

mai

n en

tran

ce is

als

o us

ed.

Can

the

labo

rato

ry b

e da

rken

ed f

or s

peci

al in

stru

ctio

nal

med

ia?

Som

etim

es a

spe

cial

roo

m o

r th

e pl

anni

ng c

ente

r is

used

as

an a

udio

visu

al a

rea.

Hav

e an

ade

quat

e ex

haus

t and

a d

ust-

proo

f ar

ea b

een

in-

stal

led

for

fini

shin

g ac

tiviti

es?

Spec

ial a

ttent

ion

shou

ld b

egi

ven

to th

is s

pace

to r

etar

d th

e sp

read

of

fire

.Is

the

dark

room

loca

ted

near

the

grap

hic

arts

and

oth

ervi

sual

com

mun

icat

ion

activ

ities

?A

re th

e di

spla

y fa

cilit

ies

loca

ted

in th

e la

bora

tory

and

inth

e sc

hool

bui

ldin

g in

pro

min

ent l

ocat

ions

? E

xhib

iting

stu

-de

nts'

wor

k in

rec

esse

d lig

hted

dis

play

cas

es n

ear

the

labo

rato

ryan

d/or

in s

choo

l cor

rido

rs p

rovi

des

an e

ffec

tive

mea

ns to

reco

gniz

e ou

tsta

ndin

g st

uden

ts' w

ork

and

to h

elp

info

rm th

efa

culty

and

oth

ers

abou

t the

lear

ning

act

iviti

es o

f th

e de

part

-m

ent.

Are

toile

t fac

ilitie

s ne

arby

? B

oth

mal

e an

d fe

mal

e fa

cilit

ies

shou

ld b

e co

nsid

ered

.A

re a

isle

s an

d sp

ace

betw

een

mac

hine

s ad

equa

te?

The

are

asdi

rect

ly in

fro

nt o

f la

rge

tool

pan

els

and

asse

mbl

y ar

eas

for

larg

e co

nstr

uctio

n pi

eces

nee

d ad

equa

te s

pace

too.

Are

the

indu

stri

al a

rts

depa

rtm

ent f

acili

ties

loca

ted

near

othe

r sc

hool

dep

artm

ents

with

whi

ch th

ey h

ave

clos

e in

stru

c-tio

nal r

elat

ions

hips

?T

he in

dust

rial

art

s de

part

men

t sho

uld

be lo

cate

d on

the

outs

ide

sect

ion

of th

e sc

hool

com

plex

nea

r th

e sc

ienc

e an

dho

me

econ

omic

s de

part

men

ts o

r ot

her

rela

ted

depa

rtm

ents

.

Page 50: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

Are

the

num

ber

and

type

of

phys

ical

faci

litie

s ad

equa

te f

orth

e sc

hool

? A

rriv

ing

at th

e nu

mbe

ran

d ty

pe o

f fa

cilit

ies

for

the

indu

stri

al a

rts

depa

rtm

ent i

s a

com

plex

pro

blem

. Som

e of

the

vari

able

s to

con

side

r ar

e th

eto

tal n

umbe

r of

pup

ils in

the

scho

ol, c

lass

siz

e, tr

ends

and

enr

ollm

ents

, cos

ts,

and

the

dept

han

d br

eadt

h of

the

inst

ruct

iona

l pro

gram

.T

he s

choo

l enr

oll-

men

t siz

e us

ually

is th

e m

ajor

dete

rmin

er.

Is th

e ov

eral

l spa

ce a

dequ

ate

for

the

mai

n la

bora

tory

are

a?E

xclu

sive

of

auxi

liary

fac

ilitie

s, th

e tr

end

in r

ecen

t yea

rsis

tow

ard

incr

easi

ng th

e sq

uare

foo

t are

as o

fin

dust

rial

art

s la

bo-

rato

ries

. Exa

mpl

es o

f au

xilia

ry s

pace

not

incl

uded

in th

e m

ain

labo

rato

ry a

refi

nish

ing

room

s, s

epar

ate

clas

sroo

ms,

and

stor

age

room

s.Is

the

shap

e an

d he

ight

of

the

labo

rato

ryad

equa

te?

Al-

thou

gh r

esea

rch

repo

rts

reco

mm

end

the

shap

e to

be 1

:11/

4 to

1:2

and

the

ceili

ng h

eigh

t fro

m 1

2 to

14

feet

,ex

peri

men

tatio

nw

ith n

ew s

hape

s to

mee

t em

ergi

ng s

ubje

ct a

reas

has

mer

it to

o.A

re th

e in

stru

ctio

nal a

spec

ts o

f th

e la

bora

tori

es(i

nter

nal o

rex

tern

al)

func

tiona

lly r

elat

ed?

Con

side

r th

e lo

catio

nof

sub

-je

ct a

reas

whi

ch h

ave

sim

ilar

lear

ning

act

iviti

escl

ose

to o

nean

othe

r, s

uch

as e

lect

rici

ty/e

lect

roni

cs a

nd p

ower

mec

hani

cs.

Is th

e co

nstr

uctio

n of

the

floo

rs a

nd f

loor

sur

face

sad

equa

tefo

r th

e ki

nds

of in

stru

ctio

nal a

ctiv

ities

in th

at a

rea

of th

ela

bora

tory

? Su

bflo

orin

g is

nec

essa

ry f

or a

ncho

ring

and

sup

-po

rtin

g he

avy

mac

hine

ry. F

loor

dra

ins

are

desi

rabl

e an

d a

wat

er h

ose

conn

ectio

n sh

ould

be

loca

ted

near

by.

Are

the

wal

ls m

ade

of m

ater

ial w

hich

can

be

easi

ly c

lean

ed?

Are

ade

quat

e el

ectr

ical

and

oth

er s

ervi

ces

prov

ided

? E

mer

-ge

ncy

disc

onne

ct s

witc

hes

shou

ld b

ein

stal

led

in s

ever

al s

tra-

tegi

c ar

eas.

Res

earc

h re

port

s su

gges

t tha

t 220

-440

vol

t thr

ee-

phas

e an

d 11

0-12

0 vo

lt si

ngle

-pha

se g

roun

ded

syst

ems

shou

ldbe

inst

alle

d to

mee

t pow

er r

equi

rem

ents

of

the

indu

stri

al a

rts

labo

rato

ry.

Is a

dequ

ate

light

ing

prov

ided

? St

udie

s re

latin

g to

this

pro

b-le

m r

ecom

men

d fl

uore

scen

t lig

htin

g fr

om 5

0 to

60

foot

-can

dles

of li

ght a

t the

ben

ch h

eigh

t. C

olor

cond

ition

ing'

of

wal

ls a

nd

mac

hine

ry is

als

o re

com

men

ded.

Are

env

iron

men

tal c

ontr

ols

adeq

uate

?C

onsi

dera

tion

mus

tbe

giv

en to

inju

riou

s ga

ses,

fum

es,

and

dust

. Und

er-f

loor

ex-

haus

t sys

tem

s ar

e re

com

men

ded

for

woo

dwor

king

mac

hine

ry.

Air

con

ditio

ning

can

pro

vide

cle

an a

ndle

ss h

umid

air

, res

ult-

ing

in r

educ

ed e

quip

men

t mai

nten

ance

and

repl

acem

ent c

osts

.H

ave

suff

icie

nt s

afet

y an

d he

alth

prec

autio

ns b

een

take

n?U

se th

e ch

eckl

ist p

rovi

ded

in th

e pr

evio

usch

apte

r to

eva

luat

eth

is a

spec

t of

the

plan

.

Rec

omm

enda

tions

for

Im

prov

ing

Indu

stri

alA

rts

Edu

catio

nT

his

stud

y hi

ghlig

hts

the

inte

rrel

atio

nshi

pof

phi

loso

phy

and

actu

al p

ract

ice.

The

pur

pose

of

anin

dust

rial

art

s pr

ogra

mis

oft

en r

efle

cted

mor

e in

the

phys

ical

set

ting

(too

ls, m

achi

nes,

and

benc

hes)

than

in a

wel

l-w

ritte

nph

iloso

phic

al s

tate

men

tan

d se

t of

obje

ctiv

es. T

his

is s

omet

imes

dram

atic

ally

sho

wn

whe

n a

labo

rato

ry is

fir

st b

uilt

beca

use

the

faci

litie

s pl

ay s

uch

an im

port

ant p

art i

nim

plem

entin

g a

philo

soph

y. A

sta

ted

philo

soph

y on

d ob

ject

ives

are

not

eno

ugh;

the

topi

cs, u

nits

of in

stru

ctio

n, a

nd id

eas

to b

e ta

ught

mus

t be

clea

rly

iden

tifie

d

so th

at th

ey c

anbe

tran

slat

ed in

to a

phy

sica

l set

ting

by th

epl

anne

rs. H

owev

er, s

uch

iden

tific

atio

n is

adi

ffic

ult t

ask,

and

it ta

kes

a w

ell-

trai

ned

spec

ialis

t kno

wle

dgea

ble

in th

e fi

eld

ofin

dust

rial

art

s to

do

it.Si

nce

indi

vidu

al te

ache

rs g

ener

ally

hav

e th

e m

ajor

resp

onsi

-

bilit

y fo

r de

term

inin

g th

e in

stru

ctio

nal p

rogr

amin

a s

choo

l,te

ache

r ed

ucat

ion

inst

itutio

ns s

houl

d pl

ace

mor

eem

phas

is

upon

the

deve

lopm

ent o

fed

ucat

iona

l spe

cifi

catio

ns a

nd th

eir

rela

tions

hip

to f

acili

ties

to c

arry

out

the

philo

soph

yof

the

prog

ram

. Eac

h pr

ospe

ctiv

ete

ache

r sh

ould

hav

e th

e ex

peri

-en

ce o

f w

ritin

g ed

ucat

iona

lsp

ecif

icat

ions

and

des

igni

ng a

ndpl

anni

ng f

unct

iona

l fac

ilitie

s to

impl

emen

t the

edu

catio

nal

spec

ific

atio

ns. R

igor

ous

eval

uatio

ns s

houl

d be

mad

eof

eac

hpr

ospe

ctiv

e te

ache

r's p

lan.

45

Page 51: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

TIM

ET

OP

IC, C

OU

RS

E,

CO

NC

EP

T, O

R U

NIT

OF

INS

TR

UC

TIO

N

1.

Ie

,1

I

I

1

SC

HO

OL

LEV

EL

I

Il

I

ME

TH

OD

OF

INS

TR

UC

TIO

N

SE

LEC

TE

D T

YP

ES

OF

SP

EC

IFIC

EQ

UIP

ME

NT

AN

D S

UP

PLI

ES

1

Page 52: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

Cha

ngin

g cu

rric

ulum

con

cept

s in

fluen

ce in

stru

ctio

n,eq

uipm

ent,

and

spac

e ne

eds.

If a

n in

divi

dual

indu

stri

al a

rts

teac

her,

sch

ool d

istr

ict,

orSt

ate

depa

rtm

ent o

f ed

ucat

ion

sees

indu

stri

al a

rts

educ

atio

nas

a p

hase

of

gene

ral e

duca

tion

whi

ch (

1) c

ontr

ibut

es s

igni

fi-

cant

ly to

stu

dent

s' u

nder

stan

ding

of

indu

stry

and

tech

nolo

gy,

(2)

help

s st

uden

ts id

entif

y an

d de

velo

p th

eir

inna

te te

ch-

nolo

gica

l tal

ents

, and

(3)

str

engt

hens

thei

r ac

adem

ic s

tudi

es,

then

the

curr

icul

um a

nd f

acili

ties

shou

ld ta

ke o

n th

e fo

rwar

d-th

inki

ng o

utlo

ok o

f th

e in

dust

rial

art

s pr

ofes

sion

. Ind

ustr

ial

arts

sho

uld

build

fro

m it

s pr

esen

t str

uctu

re a

nd b

road

en it

sof

feri

ngs

to r

efle

ct m

an's

tech

nolo

gica

l eff

ort t

o im

prov

e hi

slif

e an

d to

con

trol

and

mod

ify

his

envi

ronm

ent t

o su

it hi

sne

eds.

Eve

n th

e na

me

indu

stri

al a

rts

refl

ects

this

inte

rrel

atio

n-sh

ip. T

he te

rm in

dust

rial

mea

ns in

dust

ry a

nd te

chno

logy

; the

term

art

s, c

reat

ive.

Tog

ethe

r th

e te

rms

sugg

est t

hat m

an is

usin

g hi

s cr

eativ

e ab

ilitie

s to

mod

ify

tech

nolo

gica

lly m

ater

ials

to in

crea

se th

eir

valu

e in

mee

ting

his

need

s an

d w

ants

. A g

ood

indu

stri

al a

rts

educ

atio

n pr

ogra

m s

houl

d re

flec

t thi

s in

ter-

actio

n of

man

's c

ontr

ol o

ver

his

envi

ronm

ent.

Indu

stri

al a

rts

can

be a

s vi

able

, as

dyna

mic

as

man

is in

his

eff

orts

to c

reat

ela

ngua

ge a

nd m

athe

mat

ics,

or

to d

isco

ver

scie

ntif

ic tr

uths

.T

he in

dust

rial

art

s cu

rric

ulum

ove

r th

e ye

ars

has

refl

ecte

dth

is f

orw

ard

thin

king

. The

cur

rent

div

isio

n of

con

tent

of

pow

er m

echa

nics

is a

goo

d ex

ampl

e. T

his

term

is u

sed

toin

dica

te a

sub

ject

, cou

rse,

or

topi

c w

ithin

a c

ours

e. N

ever

the-

less

, pow

er m

echa

nics

trad

ition

ally

ste

ms

from

the

narr

ower

conc

ept o

f au

to m

echa

nics

. The

indu

stri

al a

rts

philo

soph

y an

dne

w d

irec

tion,

how

ever

, hav

e pr

oduc

ed c

hang

es in

the

cour

sew

hich

ref

lect

the

stud

y no

t cal

y of

the

auto

mob

ile a

nd it

sim

pact

on

soci

ety

but a

lso

of o

ther

pow

er u

nits

as

ener

gy-

usin

g de

vice

s, in

clud

ing

mec

hani

sms

whi

ch tr

ansm

it po

wer

henc

e th

e te

rm p

ower

mec

hani

cs.

How

ever

, the

new

er "

cutti

ng e

dge"

phi

loso

phy

fore

cast

s an

even

bro

ader

con

cept

of

this

cou

rse.

The

term

tran

spor

tatio

nor

pow

er a

nd tr

ansp

orta

tion

is e

mer

ging

, whi

ch r

efle

cts

ast

udy

not o

nly

of th

e au

tom

obile

and

oth

er la

nd v

ehic

les

from 47

Page 53: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

Dus

tC

olle

ctor

ET

TA

LI*

MA

NU

FA

CT

UR

ING

AN

DC

ON

ST

RU

CT

ION

LAB

OR

AT

OR

Y

rrm

LT

I=

-I-

Indu

stria

l Art

s D

epar

tmen

tW

arre

nsvi

lle H

eigh

ts H

igh

Sch

ool

Cle

vela

nd, O

hio

1111

..11,

Fis

hlik

e

Imm

oonm

Sto

rage

111

Sto

rage

48,

Cor

ridor

Con

fere

nce 0

00

000

Gro

und

Flo

or

New

indu

stria

l art

s cu

rric

ulum

s ca

ll fo

r m

oder

n co

urse

s an

d fa

cilit

ies.

Page 54: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

ELE

CT

RO

NIC

SLA

BO

RA

TO

RY

Sec

ond

Flo

or

Page 55: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

a te

chno

logi

cal

view

poin

t but

als

o of

oth

er m

odes

of

tran

s-po

rtat

ion,

suc

h as

the

airp

lane

, spa

ceve

hicl

es, a

nd s

hips

whi

ch o

pera

te u

pon

and

bene

ath

the

sea.

Thi

s la

tter

cate

-go

ryoc

eano

grap

hic

vehi

cles

is ju

st b

egin

ning

to c

aptu

reth

eim

agin

atio

n of

som

e in

dust

rial

art

s te

ache

rs a

s a

unit

for

stud

y an

d ex

peri

men

tatio

n.E

ach

topi

c, u

nit o

f in

stru

ctio

n, c

once

pt, o

rid

ea h

as im

pli-

catio

ns f

or th

e ph

ysic

al s

ettin

g. T

he s

ketc

hsh

ows

the

flow

of

idea

s ge

nera

ted

from

the

mai

n to

pic

and

the

impa

ct it

has

on

curr

icul

um d

evel

opm

ent a

nd f

acili

ties.

Not

ice

that

the

narr

owco

ncep

t of

auto

mec

hani

cs d

id n

otin

flue

nce

the

elem

enta

ryor

juni

or h

igh

scho

olcu

rric

ulum

s; h

owev

er, t

he b

road

er c

on-

cept

of

tran

spor

tatio

n is

ref

lect

edfr

om k

inde

rgar

ten

thro

ugh

grad

e 12

and

has

man

y m

ore

impl

icat

ions

for

curr

icul

um a

ndfa

cilit

ies.

Oth

er in

dust

rial

art

s su

bjec

t are

as o

r di

visi

ons

of c

onte

ntha

ve h

ad th

eir

narr

ow a

tom

istic

app

roac

h gr

adua

llych

ange

dto

a b

road

er c

once

pt r

efle

ctin

gth

e "n

ew lo

ok"

in th

e in

dus-

tria

l art

s cu

rric

ulum

. For

exa

mpl

e, w

oods

, and

met

als

have

been

bro

aden

ed u

nder

the

conc

ept o

f m

anuf

actu

ring

and

/or

cons

truc

tion;

pri

ntin

g br

oade

ned

to g

raph

ic a

rts

and

perh

aps

com

bine

d w

ith e

lect

rici

ty/e

lect

roni

cs in

to th

e co

ncep

t of

com

-m

unic

atio

ns. T

his

broa

deni

ng c

once

pt o

f th

e cu

rric

ulum

is

also

illu

stra

ted

in th

e re

cent

pub

licat

ion

of th

e N

atio

nal

Aer

o-na

utic

s an

d Sp

ace

Adm

inis

trat

ion

entit

led

Spac

e R

esou

rces

for

the

Hig

h Sc

hool

Indu

stri

al A

rts

Res

ourc

e U

nits

.

50

One

of

the

mos

t im

port

ant a

nd d

iffi

cult

task

sfo

r th

e cu

r-ri

culu

m p

lann

er is

the

deve

lopm

ent o

f a

wor

kabl

e co

urse

or

curr

icul

um. T

his

is e

ssen

tial t

o th

e de

velo

pmen

t of

afu

nctio

nal

indu

stri

al a

rts

labo

rato

ry. E

ach

Stat

e sh

ould

hav

e an

activ

ein

dust

rial

art

s cu

rric

ulum

com

mitt

ee to

adv

ise

the

Stat

e su

per-

viso

r of

indu

stri

al a

rts

and

to p

rodu

ce a

Sta

te c

urri

culu

mgu

ide

whi

ch id

entif

ies

the

inst

ruct

iona

l con

tent

. Apu

blis

hed

Stat

e cu

rric

ulum

gui

de c

an p

rovi

de g

uida

nce

for

the

mai

nth

rust

of

the

curr

icul

um a

nd c

an h

elp

clar

ify

the

role

of in

-du

stri

al a

rts

in th

e to

tal e

duca

tion

prog

ram

of

the

Sta

te.

The

Stat

e gu

ide

shou

ld b

e su

gges

tive,

giv

e di

rect

ion,

yet

allo

wfo

r

crea

tive

curr

icul

um d

evel

opm

ent b

y an

indi

vidu

al s

choo

l.T

his

curr

icul

um g

uide

can

als

o pr

ovid

e th

e St

ate

with

cri

teri

afo

rm

akin

g ev

alua

tions

on

prog

ram

s an

d ca

n al

so b

e he

lpfu

l in

dete

rmin

ing

futu

re n

eeds

bas

ed u

pon

fact

ual d

ata

deri

ved

from

the

pres

ent o

ffer

ings

. Thu

s th

e St

ate

guid

e be

com

es a

usef

ul to

ol f

or s

tren

gthe

ning

the

curr

icul

um a

nd s

houl

dbe

cont

inuo

usly

upd

ated

and

pub

lishe

d at

leas

t eve

ry 5

yea

rs.

Whe

ther

or

not f

utur

e pr

ogra

ms

take

on

som

e of

the

new

erch

arac

teri

stic

s de

pend

s up

on m

any

fact

ors,

esp

ecia

llyth

e un

-de

rgra

duat

e pr

epar

atio

n pr

ogra

ms,

res

earc

h, s

uper

visi

on,

and

effe

ctiv

e in

serv

ice

or r

etra

inin

g in

stitu

tes.

The

cur

ricu

lum

mov

emen

t in

indu

stri

al a

rts

educ

atio

nis

not

unl

ike

the

chan

ges

taki

ng p

lace

in m

athe

mat

ics

and

scie

nce

inst

ruct

ion.

Page 56: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

Sele

cted

Ref

eren

ces

Boo

ks

Am

eric

an I

ndus

tria

l Art

s T

each

er E

duca

tion.

Pla

nnin

gIn

-du

stri

al A

rts

Faci

litie

s. E

ight

h ye

arbo

ok. B

loom

ingt

on, I

ll.:

McK

nigh

t Pub

lishi

ng C

o., 1

959.

247

pp.

Eng

leha

rdt,

N. L

.; N

. L. E

ngel

hard

t, Jr

.; an

d St

anto

n L

eg-

gett.

Sch

ool P

lann

ing

and

Bui

ldin

g H

andb

ook.

New

Yor

k:F.

W. D

odge

Cor

p., 1

956.

268

pp.

Equ

ipm

ent G

uide

Com

mitt

ee o

f th

e A

mer

ican

Indu

stri

al A

rts

Ass

ocia

tion.

A G

uide

for

Equ

ippi

ng I

ndus

tria

l Art

s E

duca

-tio

n Fa

cilit

ies.

Was

hing

ton,

D.C

.: A

mer

ican

Ind

ustr

ial A

rts

Ass

ocia

tion,

196

7.G

ood,

Car

ter

V. D

ictio

nary

of

Edu

catio

n. N

ew Y

ork:

Mac

-m

illan

Co.

, 195

9. 6

76 p

p.O

lson

, Del

mar

W. I

ndus

tria

l Art

s an

d T

echn

olog

y. E

ngle

woo

dC

liffs

, N.J

.: Pr

entic

e H

all,

Inc.

, 196

3. 3

67 p

p.Pr

akke

n, L

awre

nce

W.,

ed. M

oder

n Sc

hool

Sho

p Pl

anni

ng.

Ann

Arb

or, M

ich.

: Pra

kken

Pub

licat

ions

, 196

7. 2

55 p

p.Sl

eepe

r, H

arol

d R

. Bui

ldin

g Pl

anni

ng a

nd D

esig

n St

anda

rds.

New

Yor

k: J

ohn

Wile

y &

Son

s, 1

955.

Smith

, E. W

.; S.

W. K

rous

e; a

nd M

. M. A

tkin

son.

The

Edu

-ca

tor's

Enc

yclo

pedi

a. E

ngle

woo

d C

liffs

, N.J

.: Pr

entic

e-H

all,

Inc.

, 196

1. 9

14 p

p.W

ilber

, Gor

don

0. a

nd N

orm

an C

. Pen

dere

d. I

ndus

tria

l Art

sin

Gen

eral

Edu

catio

n, th

ird

editi

on. S

cran

ton,

Pen

nsyl

vani

a,In

stru

ctio

nal T

extb

ook

Co.

, 196

7. 4

01 p

p.

Sele

cted

U.S

. Off

ice

of E

duca

tion

Publ

icat

ions

on S

choo

l Fac

ilitie

so

Bas

ic P

lann

ing

Gui

de f

or V

ocat

iona

l and

Tec

hnic

al E

duca

-tio

nal F

acili

ties,

by

Will

iam

W. C

hase

, Joh

nny

W. B

row

ne,

and

Mic

hael

Rus

so. (

0E-8

0040

) W

ashi

ngto

n: U

.S.

Gov

-er

nmen

t Pri

ntin

g O

ffic

e, 1

965.

32

pp.

Plan

ning

and

Des

igni

ng th

e M

ultip

urpo

se R

oom

in E

lem

en-

tary

Sch

ools

. Spe

cial

Pub

licat

ion

No.

3.

Was

hing

ton:

U.S

.G

over

nmen

t Pri

ntin

g O

ffic

e, 1

954.

48

pp.

Plan

ning

Fun

ctio

nal F

acili

ties

for

Hom

e E

cono

mic

s E

duca

-tio

n. S

peci

al P

ublic

atio

n N

o. 1

2. W

ashi

ngto

n: U

.S. G

over

n-m

ent P

rint

ing

Off

ice,

196

5. 4

8 pp

.Pl

anni

ng S

choo

ls f

or N

ew M

edia

. Was

hing

ton:

U.S

. Gov

ern-

men

t Pri

ntin

g O

ffic

e, 1

958.

72

pp.

The

Sec

onda

ry S

choo

l Pla

ntA

n A

ppro

ach

for

Plan

ning

Func

tiona

l Fac

ilitie

s. S

peci

al P

ublic

atio

n N

o. 5

. Was

hing

-to

n: U

.S. G

over

nmen

t Pri

ntin

g O

ffic

e, 1

956.

60

pp.

Spac

e an

d Fa

cilit

ies

for

Art

Ins

truc

tion.

Spe

cial

Pub

licat

ion

No.

9. W

ashi

ngto

n: U

.S. G

over

nmen

t Pri

ntin

g O

ffic

e,19

63. 6

6 pp

.

Cur

ricu

lum

Bul

letin

s

Am

eric

an C

ounc

il of

Ind

ustr

ial A

rts

Supe

rvis

ors.

Ind

ustr

ial

Art

s E

duca

tion.

Was

hing

ton:

Am

eric

an I

ndus

tria

l Art

sA

ssoc

iatio

n, a

dep

artm

ent o

f th

e N

atio

nal E

duca

tion

Ass

o-ci

atio

n, 1

963,

32

pp.

Am

eric

an V

ocat

iona

l Ass

ocia

tion,

Inc.

Ind

ustr

ial A

rts

inE

duca

tion.

Was

hing

ton:

The

Ass

ocia

tion,

196

4. 1

6 pp

.

Indu

stri

al A

rts

Tec

hnol

ogy:

A S

tudy

of

Am

eric

an I

ndus

try.

Aug

usta

, Mai

ne: S

tate

Dep

artm

ent o

f E

duca

tion,

196

5.34

3 pp

.

SI

Page 57: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

Impr

ovin

g In

dust

rial

Art

s T

each

ing.

U.S

. Dep

artm

ent o

fH

ealth

, Edu

catio

n, a

nd W

elfa

re, O

ffic

eof

Edu

catio

n. W

ash-

ingt

on: U

.S. G

over

nmen

t Pri

ntin

gO

ffic

e, 1

962.

67

pp.

Indu

stri

al A

rtsA

n A

naly

sis

of 3

9 St

ate

Cur

ricu

lum

Gui

des:

1953

-58.

U.S

. Dep

artm

ent o

f H

ealth

,E

duca

tion,

and

Wel

-

fare

, Off

ice

of E

duca

tion.

Was

hing

ton:

U.S

. Gov

ernm

ent

Prin

ting

Off

ice,

196

1. 7

6 pp

.

cr`

Indu

stri

al A

rts

Edu

catio

nA S

urve

yof

Pro

gram

s, T

each

ers,

Stud

ents

, and

Cur

ricu

lum

. U.S

.D

epar

tmen

t of

Hea

lth,

Edu

catio

n, a

nd W

elfa

re, O

ffic

e of

Edu

catio

n. W

ashi

ngto

n:U

.S. G

over

nmen

t Pri

ntin

g O

ffic

e,19

66. 1

38 p

p.

Nat

iona

l Aer

onau

tics

and

Spac

eA

dmin

istr

atio

nInd

ustr

ial

Art

s R

esou

rce

Uni

ts: S

pace

Res

ourc

esfo

r th

e H

igh

Scho

ol.

Nat

iona

l Aer

onau

tics

and

Spac

eA

dmin

istr

atio

n: W

ashi

ng-

ton,

D.C

. 205

46, A

pril

1967

. 178

pp.

For

sal

e in

qua

ntity

from

the

Supe

rint

ende

nt o

f D

ocum

ents

,U

.S. G

over

nmen

tPr

intin

g O

ffic

e, W

ashi

ngto

n, D

.C. 2

0402

.St

ate

Cur

ricu

lum

Gui

des

for

Indu

stri

alA

rts,

195

1-61

. U.S

.D

epar

tmen

t of

Hea

lth, E

duca

tion,

and

Wel

fare

, Off

ice

ofE

duca

tion.

Was

hing

ton:

U.S

. Gov

ernm

ent

Prin

ting

Off

ice,

1962

. 23

pp.

1-

Stat

e Fa

cilit

y Pl

anni

ng G

uide

s

oG

uide

for

Pla

nnin

g an

d C

onst

ruct

ion

of S

choo

l Fac

ilitie

s in

Geo

rgia

: Ind

ustr

ial A

rts

Faci

litie

s.A

tlant

a, G

a.; S

tate

Dep

artm

ent o

f E

duca

tion,

196

8. 1

50 p

p.G

uide

for

Pla

nnin

g an

d E

quip

ping

Indu

stri

al A

rts

Shop

s in

Cal

ifor

nia

Scho

ols.

Sac

ram

ento

, Cal

if.:

Stat

eD

epar

tmen

tof

Edu

catio

n, 1

956.

40

pp.

A G

uide

for

Pla

nnin

g In

dust

rial

Art

sL

abor

ator

y Fa

cilit

ies.

Sale

m, O

reg.

: Sta

te D

epar

tmen

t of

Edu

catio

n,19

68. 4

3 pp

.

A G

uide

for

Pla

nnin

g Sc

hool

Fac

ilitie

sfo

r In

dust

rial

Art

sE

duca

tion.

Tre

nton

, N.J

.: St

ate

Dep

artm

ent

of E

duca

tion,

1956

. 10

pp.

52

Indu

stri

al A

rts

Shop

Pla

nnin

g.A

lban

y, N

.Y.:

Uni

vers

ity o

fth

e St

ate

of N

ew Y

ork,

The

Stat

e E

duca

tion

Dep

artm

ent,

1956

. 63

pp.

Plan

ning

and

Equ

ippi

ng I

ndus

tria

lA

rts

Faci

litie

s. A

ugus

ta,

Mai

ne: S

tate

Dep

artm

ent o

f E

duca

tion,

1966

. 50

pp.

Plan

ning

as

an A

rea

of I

ndus

tria

lA

rts

Inst

ruct

ion

in P

enn-

sylv

ania

Pub

lic S

choo

ls. H

arri

sbur

g,Pa

.: St

ate

Dep

artm

ent

of P

ublic

Ins

truc

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195

3. B

ulle

tinN

o. 3

31-H

. 40

pp.

Plan

ning

Ind

ustr

ial A

rts

Faci

litie

s. S

alt

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e C

ity, U

tah:

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9 pp

.

Scho

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Bul

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The

ses

Boa

; Hoo

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E. P

lann

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Equ

ipm

ent

Lay

out i

n W

oodw

ork-

ing

and

Met

alw

orki

ng S

hops

.U

npub

lishe

d M

.Ed.

thes

is.

Col

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Sta

tion,

Tex

as: T

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A &

M,

Indu

stri

al E

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Lib

rary

, 195

5. 5

3 pp

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ox, M

arsh

all R

. A S

tudy

of

the

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sing

Faci

litie

s Pr

ovid

edfo

r In

dust

rial

Art

s at

Nor

th T

exas

Sta

teC

olle

ge w

ith S

tand

-ar

ds a

nd S

ugge

stio

ns f

or U

se in

Pla

nnin

gan

d C

onst

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Add

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al F

acili

ties.

Unp

ublis

hed

mas

ter's

thes

is. D

ento

n,T

exas

: Nor

th T

exas

Sta

te C

olle

ge, D

epar

tmen

tof

Indu

stri

alA

rts,

195

5. 1

26 p

p.C

ampb

ell,

Ber

nice

S. A

Stu

dy to

Dev

elop

Sta

ndar

dsfo

r U

sein

Pla

nnin

g or

Ren

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Indu

stri

al A

rts

Lab

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orie

s in

Publ

ic S

choo

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npub

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aste

r's th

esis

.Den

ton,

Tex

as:

Nor

th T

exas

Sta

te U

nive

rsity

, 196

8. 2

13 p

p.C

laus

en, K

enne

th A

. Gen

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Sho

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ng.

Unp

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mas

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thes

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inne

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inn.

: Uni

vers

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Min

ne-

sota

, 195

9. 1

52 p

p.D

oane

, Ray

mon

d C

. Sho

p Pl

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ng G

uide

s fo

rIn

dust

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Art

s T

each

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ublis

hed

mas

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Wis

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Uni

vers

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Ech

tenk

amp,

Ken

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J. S

ugge

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195

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15 p

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Joh

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. Rec

omm

ende

d E

quip

men

t Req

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men

tsfo

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ompr

ehen

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Gen

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Sho

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on

Cer

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Ind

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Woo

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Chu

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M.E

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mas

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thes

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Den

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Tex

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dust

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Art

s, 1

951.

105

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Lat

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Det

erm

ine

Wha

t Con

stitu

tes

Ade

quat

e or

Des

irab

le P

hysi

cal F

acili

ties

for

Indu

stri

al A

rts

Lab

orat

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s in

Pub

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choo

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npub

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: Nor

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nive

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27pp

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tillw

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klah

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hani

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950.

66

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Rus

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naly

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Bas

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luat

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Cri

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a, o

f th

e H

ousi

ng F

acili

ties

Prov

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for

Ind

ustr

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Art

s in

Thr

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enio

r H

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Scho

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and

Four

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mas

ter's

thes

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ento

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: Nor

th T

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Sta

te C

olle

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953.

77 p

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rick

land

, Ric

hard

G. A

stu

dy o

f th

e H

ousi

ng F

acili

ties

Pro-

vide

d fo

r In

dust

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Art

s in

Jun

ior

Hig

h Sc

hool

s of

Sev

enPa

nhan

dle

Cou

ntie

s. U

npub

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Col

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2. 7

4 pp

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nive

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isse

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cella

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inat

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En-

gine

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ciet

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atio

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Con

-st

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tand

ard

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New

Yor

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he I

llum

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Eng

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Soc

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ilwau

kee,

Wis

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Pub

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60 p

p."T

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oder

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duca

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choo

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The

Nat

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1, N

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196

3."I

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lem

enta

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nal o

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Vol

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58.

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t Lan

sing

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ounc

il,19

64. 1

56 p

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Sho

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opm

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Rcs

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.Sc

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Sho

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Tom

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Roc

kwel

l Man

ufac

turi

ng C

o., P

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urgh

,Pa

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60. 3

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53

Page 59: and health jorecautions, general guidelines, 23 specific ...... machine drawing, engineering, and architectural drawing in the subject area of drafting). Industrial arts departmenta

C.)

Scho

ol S

hop

Safe

ty M

anua

l. B

olar

d of

Edu

catio

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the

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196

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64 p

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Wag

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Will

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gIn

dust

rial

Art

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-on

dary

Sch

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duca

tiona

lSe

rvic

e Pu

blic

atio

n N

o. 3

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owa:

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54

Iow

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966.

32

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Wri

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Gra

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. Sub

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ts in

Pub

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.S. D

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Hea

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duca

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and

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fare

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duca

tion.

Was

hing

ton:

U. S

.G

over

nmen

t Pri

ntin

g O

ffic

e, 1

965.

115

pp.

* U

S. G

OV

ER

ME

NT

MM

HG

OFT

= N

V 0

-114

-34I