and life is easier - elipsoplastic packaging provides for optimum in-shelf organisation and...

French Plastic Packaging Association

and l i fe iseasier

Plastic packaging makes a far-reaching contribution

to the quality of life and wellbeing: it protects, prevents

wastage and product loss, keeps things clean and

makes daily life easier. Plastic packaging, through the

diversity of its solutions and applications, plays a major

role in modern life.

The wide range of materials, conversion technologies,

graphics and technical qualities means plastic

packaging is found in every sector of industry and

retailing. It is active, positive player in the product chain

through to end users, especially consumers.

Plastic packaging is appreciated for its many daily

contributions to society in terms of safety, comfort and

modernity. Plastic should also be trusted as a social

responsible packaging material.

Light with constant weight reductions, free of heavy

metals, recyclable and recycled, its energy can be

recovered when incinerated. Plastic packaging is

suited to responsible consumption. It is intended to

be used advisedly and disposed of carefully.

Plastic packaging anticipates, innovates and is now

recycled on an industrial scale. Work is being done to

diversify its raw materials and develop new

packagings based on renewable resources.

Plastic packaging meets contemporary society’s

concerns for saving resources, making maximum use

of products and encouraging good citizenship while

giving as many people as possible safe access to

many products and to a satisfactory standard of living.

> plastic packagingA modern solution in line with sustainable development

> contents

plastic packaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PAGE 3

> the many sides of plastic packaging

> conversion processes

> material for every packaging type

> from raw material to the end of the lifecycle...a crucial role at every stage

> R&D: innovative design

the role of packaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PAGE 11

> benefits for users

> marketing advantages

> a palette of graphic techniques

> safety

the environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PAGE 15

> prevention> reusable packaging and the environment> recovering plastic packaging

• choice of recovery method• recycling• energy recovery

> protecting the environment on production sites> manufacturers’ active commitment

consumption sectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PAGE 23

> Food> Healthcare > Perfumes - cosmetics > Industry and retailing > Cleaning products

CSEMP and its members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PAGE 31

> CSEMP - the French Plastic Packaging Association

> useful contacts

the many sides of plastic packaging

Plastic packaging

Bags • Beakers• Big-bags • Blisters packs • Bottles • Bowls • Box pallets • Boxes • Buckets • Cans • Caps• Capsules • Closures • Compacts • Containers• Crates • Cushioningmaterial • Drums • Cartons • Lids • Pallets • Pouches • Protective caps• Pumps • Racks • Sachets • Sheeting • Sleeves • Stretchand shrink film • Trays • Tubes • Valves…

Consumption sectors

Agriculture • Food • Personal care • Healthcare • Pharmacy • Perfumes & Cosmetics • Cleaning products • Industry (chemicals, oil andautomotive products, construction,etc.) • Retailing and distribution...

Material used

PE • PP • PVC • PS • EPS • PET •Bioplastics • Other: ABS, ASA, SAN,SURLYN, PA, PC, PUR…

Conversion processes

Extrusion (film-sheet) • Calendaring (film-sheet) • Co-extrusion • Flat or ringdie co-extrusion • Blowfilm co-extrusion • Blow-moulding co-extrusion • Rolling co-extrusion • Blow-moulding extrusion(hollow bodies) • Coating

• Blow-moulding injection(hollow bodies) • Injection

(moulded parts) • Rotationalmoulding (large volume hollow

bodies) • Thermoforming (fromextruded or calendared sheet) • EPSthermoforming (after expansion bydirect gassing) • APS (after steamexpansion)...

Printing techniques

Flexography • Galvanisation • Heliography • Hot stamping • Metallising • Vacuum metallising • Offset • Silkscreening • Pad printing • Transfer (EPS) • Varnishing...

Plastic packaging offers an endless range of solutionsthrough the diversity of materials, conversionprocesses and printing techniques. That varietymakes it suitable for every sector of industry andretailing.

plastic packaging

plastic packagingPAGE 4

Plastic packaging firsts Some key dates

1950 Plastic tube1960 Table oil bottle with single-material closure1961 Shrink film1963 Engine oil can1965 Checkout bag1968 Plastic crate1969 Mineral water bottle and cap1970 Bottle rack1976 Plastic pump for perfume market1979 Meat tray1990 Eco-refill1994 Packaging with long expiry date (1 year)

for ready-cooked food1999 Bioplastic film and bag2000 Packaging for fresh ready-to-use vegetables

■ Colour

■ Transparency

■ Opacity

■ Rigidity

■ Flexibility

■ Appearance

■ Feel

■ Consistency

■ Lightness

■ Shape diversity

■ Security

■ Reliability…

• Stable

• Recyclable

• Hygienic

• Unbreakable

• Divisible

• Reusable

• Tamper-proof

• Shock- andtemperaturechange-resistant

• Easy to printand decorate

• Energy-efficient

• Waterproof

• Insulating

• Hinging

• Sealable

• Airtight

• High fill rates …

PROPERTIES

QUALITIES

plastic packaging

Calendaring ■ Films■ Sheets

■ Thermoforming film ■ Bagging

Extrusion ■ Films■ Sheets

■ Labels (IML)■ Film for food use■ Stretch and shrink film for

product division, palletising■ Thermoforming film ■ Sleeve■ Bag ■ Sachet ■ Tube

Extrusion blow moulding

■ Hollow bodies ■ Can ■ Bottle■ Container■ Flask■ Drum

Rotational moulding ■ Hollow bodies (large volume) ■ Container ■ Pallet

Thermoforming ■ From extruded or calendaredsheets

■ Tray ■ Blister ■ Box ■ Lid■ Beaker

Injection ■ Moulded parts ■ Tray■ Box ■ Closure■ Crate■ Pallet■ Pump■ Bucket ■ Valve

Foam expansion ■ Moulded (alveolar) parts■ Sheets (alveolar)

■ Tray■ Box■ Crate ■ Transport crate ■ Cushioning material ■ Housing ■ Thermoforming ■ Food transport pallet■ Technical parts

Injection blow moulding

■ Hollow bodies ■ Bottle■ Flask■ Drum

ApplicationsProductsProcess

Other processes

■ Lamination ■ Coating ■ Coating extrusion ■ Flat die coextrusion ■ Embossing■ Heat, high-frequency and ultrasound welding

conversionprocesses


a material for every type of packaging

LDPELow Density Polyethylene

LLDPE (Linear...)

RLDPE (Radically...)

■ vapour barrier■ flexibility for seals ■ mouldability ■ flexibility ■ tearability ■ sterilisation■ good tear resistance■ excellent stretchability ■ chimical inertness ■ transparency ■ tactile effect ■ alcohol compatibility ■ sterilisable by irradiation ■ feel

■ trays ■ boxing■ screw or clip tops■ nozzles■ stretchable and retractable films

for bundling (multiple-unit packs)and palleting

■ flasks ■ stopper seals ■ carrier bags ■ small bags ■ tubes

Application examplesPropertiesMaterial

PET Polyethylene Terephtalate

� (A)PET (amorphous)■ transparent■ perfume compatible■ shiny ■ impact resistant■ resistant to internal pressure ■ resistant to stress-cracking■ gas barrier ■ water and UV barrier■ high pH ■ sensitivity

� (C)PET (crystallised) ■ same properties as (A)PET

but not transparent ■ temperature resistant (220° C)

� PETG (glycol)■ amorphous,

same properties as (A)PET

■ trays ■ oven trays (220° C)■ boxes■ bottles ■ lids■ thermoforming sheets■ films■ flasks ■ pots■ blister packs■ capsules■ flexible tubes■ syrups■ lotions

PAPolyamide

■ impact and creep resistance■ resistance to oil and grease

at high temperatures■ resistance to solvents and alkalis■ fatigue resistance■ resistance to wide temperature

ranges (-50° à +170° C)■ humidity uptake

■ internal stoppers■ food films■ bottles■ components for flexible

and multilayer tubes■ tottles

Plastics and their packaging applications andproperties.

PCPolycarbonate

■ sterilisation■ resistance■ transparency

■ bottles■ flasks■ feeding bottles■ make-up compacts

HDPEHigh Density Polyethylene

VHMW-HDPEVery High Molecular Weight

■ vapour barrier ■ mouldability■ rigidity (for mechanical testing)■ impact resistance ■ chimical inertness■ resistance to stress-cracking■ sterilisation■ suitable for freezing (-40° C)■ opaqueness■ low friction

■ large drums ■ screw or clip tops■ bottles ■ crates and cases■ films for postal dispatch ■ flasks ■ drums and reusable containers■ pots ■ tubes ■ ampoules■ tamper-proof and other caps ■ caps ■ reinforcement bars ■ pumps ■ valves ■ drums ■ containers ■ covers

EPSExpanded Polystyrene

■ light ■ isothermal■ multiple density■ simple or complex shapes ■ mouldable ■ leak-proof■ mechanical strengh■ impact resistance■ EPS complexing + films■ shock absorption■ hygiene ■ insulation ■ protection

■ trays ■ mini-crates■ transport cases■ protective cushioning / alveolate

material■ food transport pallets■ organ transfer boxes ■ cases ■ transport trays■ test tubes■ vaccines

plastic packaging

PSPolystyrene

Compact � cristal PS ■ transparency ■ shiny ■ rigidity

� PS impact■ opaque ■ impact resistance■ shiny ■ cleavability

Direct gassing■ light■ warm touch

■ trays (with stretch film)■ egg containers■ stoppers ■ covers■ thermoforming sheets:

pots for dairy products, cups for automatic drink machines

■ plates / trays■ boxes■ bottles■ films ■ flasks■ pots ■ sticks

Application examplesPropertiesMaterial

PVCPolyvinyl Chloride

■ inertia ■ good stretchability■ excellent memory■ resistance to stress-cracking■ transparency

■ boxes ■ bottles■ blister packs■ thermoforming sheets■ food-contact films ■ flasks■ bagging ■ capsules ■ mascaras ■ protective caps ■ blood bags

Other materials � ABS (Acrylonitrile ButadieneStyrene)

� ASA (Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate)� Copolyesters� PET/PEN copolymer � EVA (Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate

copolymer)

� EVOH (Ethylene Vinyl Alcoholcopolymer)

� PAN (polyacrylonitrite)� PUR (polyurethane)� PVDC (Polyvinylidene Chloride)� SURLYN

BioplasticsBased on renewableresources (starch, flour):corn, potato, cereals, etc.and oil-based raw materials

Depending on material:■ transparent or opaque■ rigid or flexible■ tear and crease resistance■ excellent stretchability■ tactile effect

■ films■ bagging■ waste bags■ trays■ cushioning material■ plates■ boxes■ disposable tableware

SAN ■ transparency■ easy colouring

■ closures■ make-up compacts■ pots

Complexes Combinaison of materialsusing PE, PP, PVC, PET,EVOH, PVDC, aluminium,paper or cardboard

■ matching properties of differentmaterials: barrier, printability,sealing....

■ combinations of almost all materialspossible

■ targeting of required properties(odour barriers, opacity,perforation resistance...)

■ flexible and rigid packaging with special barrier properties

■ closures for heat sealing■ tubes■ packing in modified atmosphere

or vacuum

PPPolypropylene

■ rigidity (resistance to sterilisation)■ resistance to cold■ vapour barrier ■ chimical inertness ■ suitable for freezing (-40° C)■ suitable for micro-waves (+120° C)■ low density■ resistant to stress-cracking■ resistant to folding■ thermal packing■ contact transparency ■ shiny ■ freezing

� clarified PP � OPP (oriented PP)� EPP (PP expanded):

resistance to repeated impact

■ alveolate material ■ trays■ screw or clip tops■ reusable crates and cases■ covers■ thermoforming sheets■ transparent films and bags■ bottles ■ reheatable plates■ pots ■ tubes ■ ampoules■ service caps■ vaccine doses■ mascaras ■ pill boxes■ pumps ■ valves■ flasks■ films■ reusable wrapping


from raw material to the end

of the lifecycle...

Plastic packaging is optimised at every stagethrough constant research and development (R&D) that boosts innovation and creativity.

Raw material, design,

manufacturing, value

in use, recovery – from

conception to end

of its lifecycle, plastic

packaging plays its

role to the full with

consumers and the

product itself and

makes an effective

contribution to

protection of the

environment.

plastic packaging

Raw material

Plastics derived from petrochemicals have developedand diversified. Through extensive research anddevelopment work for several decades, they havebeen able to fulfil more and more requirements.

New materials, partly made from renewableresources, are now appearing and will gradually meetthe technical characteristics needed to develop inpackaging and plastic films.

Plastic packaging

Plastic plays a fundamentalrole in supporting theproduct through the entirechain. In this stage, plasticdelivers all the requiredfunctions and its propertiesserve product andconsumer alike.

After use

Plastic is recovered at the end of its lifecycle. Taking several criteria into account, the mostrelevant recovery method is chosen – eitherrecycling or energy recovery.

Some packaging in industrial or distribution circuitsis reused several times over before being recycled.

...a crucial role at every stage


The simplicity and functionality of packaging con cealthe complexity of its design.Behind its commonplace appearance, plasticpackaging contains a wealth of technology treasures.

R & D: innovative design

Research and development (R&D) is anessential function for both the product and theconsumer. It begins with design, which can bethrough one of two approaches dependingon whether the packaging manufacturer isdesigning stock packaging or a specificsolution at its customer’s request.

COMFORT ANDCONVENIENCE

attentiveness tocustomers

■ Grip, movements■ Easy opening

and closing■ Hinges■ In-pack cooking

MARKETING

unceasing creativity

■ Packaging attractive-ness: design, colours,feel…

■ On-shelf impact:ready-to-sell packaging, visibility…

SAFETY

involvement at every stage

■ Protection against thermal or physical shocks■ Waterproofing solutions■ Hazardous products: secure systems for children,

packaging suited to transport…■ Manufacturing hygiene: optimised shapes and materials■ Product traceability…

ECODESIGN

factoring in environmentalvalues

■ Reduction at source: cutting weight while maintaining suitability for use

■ Recyclability

■ Limitation of number of different materials used in the same packaging

TECHNOLOGIES

a solution for every use

■ Barrier materials (to oxygen, nitrogen…)

■ Filling in modified atmosphere■ Tamper-evident closures■ Container/contents compatibility■ Anti-static properties■ Selected additives: material

optimisation ■ Clip--on, snap-on, heat sealing..:

high performance and imagination■ Anti-fogging systems■ In-mould labelling

■ Incorporation of biocides

Inventive R&D

Design, process, materials, printing - R&D is everywhere to ensurepackaging delivers its many functions and plays its many roles.

values in use

Plastic packaging fits perfectly intoeveryday life. Its diversity means it ispresent in every sector of the foodindustry, as well as cosmetics, healthcare,cleaning products, chemicals, transport,distribution and industrial and agriculturalproducts.

It adapts to trends and constraints in theproduct itself as well as in filling, transport,lifestyles, user profiles and consumerhabits.

Thanks to plastic packaging, the productis kept intact in terms of hygiene,preservation, heat insulation and safety.

Plastic packaging provides for optimumin-shelf organisation and standout, withexcellent ergonomics for both consumersand industrial users.

>protect

> transport

>preserve

> secure

>ensure traceability

> stand out

>attract

> inform

>dose for the rightusage

>help the user

Possibilities are endless. Its many advantages enable every container to be purpose-designed. The right plastic and the rightconversion process will be able to meet the customer’sspecifications.

adapting to every type of contents

plastic packaging ı the role of packaging PAGE 11

Plastic packaging protects what it sells and sellswhat it protects.

It gives consumers their firstimage of the product and guidesthem in their choice.

It has a preponderant role in allowingconsumers to identify the product thatmeets their need.

Plastic packaging is an importantcomponent of the product marketingmix and helps to win new markets.Manufacturers work on sociologicaland generational consumer trends tooffer relevant products.

Plastic packaging can be sophisticated,mass-market, junior, senior, nomadic…

Plastic packaging’s marketing advantages

■ Varied, innovative shapes ■ Flexible or rigid■ Transparency■ Translucence■ Opacity or colour ■ Printing quality and variety ■ Variety of tactile effects ■ Attractiveness■ Safety

Plastic packaging serves the packedproduct with its innovation capabilitiesand technical skills to create a vastrange of graphics, closures anddispensing systems.

Plastic packaging has all the qualities needed to play a major marketing role in product development.

marketing advantages

>design

>colour

>ergonomics

>convenience

plastic packaging ı the role of packaging

Graphics help to identify and customisepackaging. The variety of availabletechniques gives great freedom ofchoice in both graphic quality andcoverage.

Every type of packaging, whether rigidor flexible, can be decorated regardlessof shape (flat, spherical, cylindrical,conical, etc.).

Techniques used for rigidpackaging

■ Embossing ■ Stamping ■ In-mould labelling (IML), injection,

thermoforming■ Adhesive labels■ Galvanisation ■ Etching ■ Dry offset printing■ Lamination ■ Deep-died material■ Hot stamping■ Sleeving■ Metallising, vacuum metallising■ Silkscreening ■ Pad printing■ Hot transfer■ UV varnishing

For flexible packaging

■ Offset ■ Heliography■ Flexography

PAGE 13

a palette of graphic techniques


The varied graphic techniques for plastic packagingplay a crucial role in a sector where marketing andinformation functions are fundamental.

Hygiene

Food industry companies comply withhygiene regulations by referring to the “Guide to best hygiene practices for plasticpackaging and laminate flexible packaging forfood use” drawn up by CSEMP and UNITES.

This tool is used to:

■ meet the food industry’s expectations,

■ control the hygiene quality of packaging,

■ use the HACCP* method in accordancewith packaging users’ practices.

Beauty sector companies comply withregulations in the “Guide to Good HygienePractices for Manufacturers of PlasticPackaging for Use in the Beauty ProductsIndustry”, drawn up by CSEMP.

* HACCP - Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point:Preventive management system for guaranteeingfood safety. It identifies potential hazards (anybiological, chemical or physical property that affectsfood safety) and specifies the measures needed tomanage them.

Regulations

Plastic packaging and material in contact with food

European and national regulations governthe use and suitability of materials in contactwith food.

These regulations are mainly made up of a listof authorised materials and additives. This isgoverned by two main principles: inertia andinnocuousness of the packaging in relation to its contents.

Regulations for materials in contact with fooddo not automatically apply to packaging forbeauty products. However, on thecustomer’s specific request, the beautypackaging manufacturer may be led to applythose regulations, which particularly includedirective 2002/72/EC.

For materials in contact with medicinalproducts, pharmacopeia also applies.

Traceability

Plastic packaging manufacturers take special care over traceability.

This requirement is stated in frameworkregulations 1935/2004/EC. The practicalarrangements for their application arecovered by a guide that is available in thewebsite of the European Commissionreference laboratory.

Plastic packaging and hazardous products

Plastic packaging meets current requirements in terms of transport safety and content protection, including compliance with regulations on transporting hazardous substances.

PAGE 14

Plastic packaging makes a great contribution toproduct safety and meets users’ different require -ments and expectations in terms of innocuousnessand health.

safety


The guide contains:■ General hygiene provisions

that help to create motivation and a mindsetfor preventing a large number of risks.

■ Specific hygiene provisions inorder to control the potentialhazards related to the processesfor manufacturing packagingbefore its end use. Thesemeasures are based on aHACCP* study.

Prevention by reduction at source

Innovation serves reduction at sourcewithout making any concessions onrequired functions or alteringpackaging performance and userservice.

Research & Development supportsprevention by acting on:

■ packaging weight reduction,

■ changes to shapes and volumes,

■ choice of material,

■ material mix,

■ choice of conversion process,

■ choice of graphic process.

By optimising these parameters,plastic packaging plays a major role inprevention by reduction at source.

Qualitative prevention

Plastic packaging complies with authorised heavy metal content (lead, cadmium,mercury and chrome), and with standards for environmentally hazardoussubstances.

Plastic packaging manufacturersare constantly working on theecodesign of their products andare active in recovery systems forpackaging at the end of itslifecycle.

plastic packaging ı environment PAGE 15

environment

prevention

Plastic packaging manufacturers mainlyuse CEN (European standardizationcommittee) standards on the essentialrequirements of directive 94/62/EC.

plastic packaging ı environment

In some industrial and distributionsectors, packaging that can be usedseveral times over is a logical solution.

This is especially true of reusablecrates, box pallets and pallets.

They are mostly made fromhigh density polyethylene(HDPE) or polypropylene(PP).

When it has gone through severalrotations, reusable packaging iswithdrawn from the circuit (breakage,anomalies detected, etc.) andrecovered for recycling, either bypackaging manufacturers who recycleit on non-food applications or byrecyclers.

Examples of recycling applications includeindustrial part transportcrates, sound insulationwalls and pallets.

>shopper bag

> 125 g yoghurt pot

> 1.5 L water bottle

>water bottle cap

> fresh vegetable bag

> frozen vegetable bag1000 g

> ready-cooked meal tray

>drum (20 L)

>EPS fish crate

Weight20 years ago

Weighttoday

Reduction atsource %

24 g 5.5 g - 77 % 5.5 g 10 kg

5.8 g 4.8 g -17 % 4.8 g 125 g

40 g 25 g - 38 % 25 g 1.5 L

3.1 g 1.8 g - 42 %

20 g 3.5 g - 82 % 3.5 g 5 kg

12.65 g 7.5 g - 37.5 % 7.9 g 1 kg

40 g 23 g - 40 % 23 g 300 g

1.2 kg 900 g -25 % 900 g 38 kg

100 g 87 g -13 % 87 g 3 kg

RATIO

Containercontent

Examples of prevention by reduction at source

reusable packaging and the environment

plastic packaging recovery


The diversity of plastic packaging calls for variedprocessing methods for optimum recovery in bothenvironmental and economic terms.

The following parameters have to be taken into account:

HOUSEHOLD PACKAGING

INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL PACKAGING

Bottles*

Recycling

sorted and recycled.

* Provided that the polymersused are compatible with availablerecycling channels.

Small packaging (food,personal care, healthcare,beauty...)

Energy recovery

Inappropriate sorting for recycling.Very low environmental gain/cost-high content residue vs. packagingsize.

EPS packaging (cushioning material,boxes)

Recycling

Recycled if resource > 100 tons/year or if nearbyrecycling facilities. If not, energy recoveryrecommended (e.g.household EPS packaging).

PE films (palletising covers,large sacks)

Recycling

The main recovery method used.

Reusable Packaging PE andPP (crates, pallets)

Recycling

After being used severaltimes.When no longer suitablefor use (wear, breakage).

Industrial hollow bodies(buckets, cans, drums, containersand big bags)

Two recovery methods

Recycling (depending on productcontained in packaging).Energy recovery.

Before recovery, some packaging types arereworked for reuse.

>packaging location and quantity >packaging size > former contents > type of material

CHOICE OF RECOVERY METHOD


Used collected packaging isprocessed to obtain a new secondaryraw material. In this stage, known asregeneration, the material is prepared with precisely definedtechnical specifications for makingnew products.

In some cases, recycling can be a loopthat makes packaging or creates newproducts in different applications.

Homogenous used plastic resourcesresult in environmentally andecologically satisfactory recycling.

>concertation

>anticipation

> innovation

Guidelines“Designing and Manufacturing Plastic Packaging for Optimum Recovery”, guide produced by CSEMP.

COTREP: an ecodesign process

COTREP (technical committee for recycling plastic packaging), provides useful help in the ecodesign of innovative plastic packaging for optimum recycling.

COTREP advises industrials with questions on the recycling feasibility of new plastic packaging, whether they are:

■ fillers ■ plastic packaging manufacturers ■ process rights holders ■ plastic producers

COTREP publishes:■ Technical notices: issued to the businesses that submit their packaging

for a recycling assessment.■ General notices: COTREP tackles problems concerning packaging or packaging

components in order to examine their recycling behaviour. In this case, COTREP issuesgeneral notices that form a knowledge base available to all players in the packagingchain.

All published notices are available on the COTREP website: www.cotrep.fr

Foundermembers ofCOTREP

COmitéTechnique deRecyclage des EmballagesPlastiques

+ + + + +

RECYCLING


HDPE(High Density Polyethylene)

LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene)

PP (Polypropylene)

■ Milk, fruit juice bottles ■ Wine boxes (5 L) ■ Washing liquid, softener

and detergent bottles■ Films and bags

■ New bottles ■ Cans ■ Cable tubes ■ Chucks ■ Various injected parts ■ Bin bags ■ Agricultural films

PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)

■ Bottles: wine, vinegar

■ Shoe reinforcements ■ Tubes ■ Building pipes

EPS (Expanded Polystyrene)

■ EPS packaging: trays, crates, cushioning

■ New EPS packaging ■ Insulation panels ■ Cushioning ■ CD case backs and other

plastic parts ■ Lightweight concrete

PET (Polyethylene Terephtalate)

■ Bottles: mineral and spring water, soft drinks, beer, wine, cider,vinegar

■ Padding fibre ■ Unwoven fibre (filters, etc.) ■ Woven or knit fibre ■ Rigid packaging ■ Hoops■ Bottles■ Various injected parts

Examples of recycling applicationsOriginMaterial

Some recycling applications

The different recyclingprocesses

■Packaging materialrecycling (mechanical)

Physical process in whichused packaging is regeneratedinto secondary raw material for

use in manufacturing newproducts.

■ Raw material recycling (chemical)

Physical chemical processes thatdecompose plastics into their initialcomponents for use in making plasticraw materials or other products.

To design recyclable plasticpackaging: concertation –anticipation – innovation areessential through the entire chain(plastics producers, packagingmanufacturers, packaging users,recyclers).


Energy recovery applies above all tosmall, light, soiled plastic packagingfor which sorting is technically oreconomically unsuited to recycling.

The aim is to use combustiblepackaging waste to generate powerby direct incineration with or withoutother waste, but with heat recovery.

If incinerator loads are well balancedand distributed (30% plastic issufficient), incineration yield is optimal.As the excellent heat output of plasticshelps the incineration of low-energynon-recyclable waste, maximumreduction of other incinerated productsand lower quantities of final combustionresidue, including clinker, are alsoobserved.

Plastics offer an energy gain thatmakes them suited to energy recoveryin line with directive 94/62/EC inappropriate facilities (household orspecial waste).

The energy thus recovered can beused for urban heating or electricityproduction. Every year in France,300.000 tons of oil equivalent is saved in this way. Given the growing impact of energy costs, this is a majoreconomic factor.

The Swedish town of Goteborg is

75%heated by energyrecovered from

household waste,including a large share

of plastic.

Material NCV*MJ/kg

Effective energyyield** MJ/kg

PE 43 22

PP 44 24

PS / PSE 40 22

PVC 17 9

PET 22 12

Energy recovered from the main plastics

Comparison of energy values (KJ)

51 250

41 000

30 750

20 500

10 250

Comparisonof energy va-lues (KJ)

1 kg lignite

1 kg diesel oil

1 kg plastics

* Net calorific value** After correction for material type

ENERGY RECOVERY

protecting the environment

on production sites


This unceasing focus involves the useof clean technologies. More generally, it reflects environmentally responsiblebehaviour.

The impact of industrial activity is limitedby lower consumption of non-pollutingenergy (electricity) but also by regularefforts to recover heat (exchangers) orsave water (closed circuits).

Atmospheric emissions are kept withinvery low, controlled limits (recovery of solvents and volatile organiccomponents under “classified facility”regulations).

Active watch for the best availabletechniques and regular contacts withgoverning bodies are organised.

Production waste volumes areconstantly optimised. In addition, theyare monitored to ensure strict wastetraceability, processing and disposal.

During transport, plastic packaging’slight weight means energy savings.

Protecting the environment is a constant concern forplastic packaging manufacturers.

manufacturers’ active committent


Household packaging

Packaging and film manufacturers thatare members of CSEMP* and flexiblepackaging manufacturers (UNITES**members), together with plasticsproducers (PLASTICSEUROPEFrance***) financially and technicallysupport VALORPLAST, a partner inECO-EMBALLAGES, in managing andrecovering household plasticpackaging.

Since 1993, VALORPLAST hasmanaged the household plastic wastecollected and sorted by local servicesunder the ECO-EMBALLAGESprogramme in order to recycle it.

* CSEMP: French plastic packaging association** UNITES: French flexible packaging association

*** PLASTICSEUROPE France: French plasticproducers association

Industrial and commercialpackaging

Packaging manufacturers and plasticproducers have created threematching recovery channels toprocess their packaging, taking itsspecificities into account (materials,contents, resources, relevant recoverymethods).

They give financial and technicalsupport to

■ ECOFUT: an association created in 1992 by industrial packagingmanufacturers, in which plasticsproducers are involved, organisesrecovery of plastic drums, cans,buckets and big bags. Through itsnetwork of approved operators,ECOFUT offers manufacturers in all sectors practical solutions forrecovering their packaging.

■ Eco PSE: an economic interestgroup founded in 1993 with themission of promoting and organisingexpended polystyrene (EPS)packaging recovery channels. Itsmembers represent 95% of EPSmanufacturers who work closely withraw material producers, ESPconverters and recyclingprofessionals through a network ofaround 40 sites across France.

■ RECYFILM: represents the plasticfilm manufacturers grouped togetherin CSEMP, as well as recoverers andrecyclers. The latter recycle variousindustrial films, especially palletcovers and large sacks.

Closure and dispensing systems serve both theproduct and the user and are present in every majorsector.

Caps, pumps and valves are integralparts of many packaging solutions,whether in consumer or B to Bproducts.

Plastics, through the diversity of their materials, advanced technicalcharacteristics and cutting-edgeconversion processes, play a crucial rolein closure and dispensing systems.

Depending on the application sector,plastics deliver:

■ Convenience ■ Tamper-proofing ■ Safety■ Watertightness ■ Accurate dosage■ Easy opening and closing ■ Styling■ Marketing ■ Hygiene ■ Preservation

Products:■ Caps ■ Hinged caps ■ Child safety caps ■ Pour-through /

service caps■ Lids ■ Pistols■ Pumps ■ Valves

A world of solutions in consumerproducts, B to B and distribution.

consumptionsectors

plastic packaging ı consumption sectors PAGE 23

>Food>Healthcare>Perfumes-cosmetics > Industry and distribution>Cleaning products

Food industry

plastic packaging ı consumption sectors

Plastic packaging can adapt to the needs of everytype of consumer and their lifestyle and habits, and toevery distribution channel (supermarkets, catering,etc.).

Application characteristics

• Adapts to the various food distribution channels and to the high fill rates needed for fast-moving consumer goods

• Meets consumer expectations:convenient packaging, dispensingpackaging, ready-to-use products,splittable products (portions orsnacks), nomadic consumption(robustness and safety), fun packaging, etc.

• Withstands wide temperature ranges(freezer, microwave, etc.)

• Consumer information andcommunication vehicle throughmultiple printing and labellingpossibilities

• Provides for product traceability

• Lightweight, tough, airtight,transparent, opaque, coloured, etc.

• Economical

> safety

>hygiene

>conveniences

>conservation

> service

>marketing

>high fill rates

> technically suited to food and foodpacking methods

>economical

■ Animal foods■ Bread, cakes, pastries■ Cold meats, catering

products, ready-cooked meals■ Components and ingredients

(flavourings, colourings, etc.)■ Jam, honey, toppings,

chocolate powders ■ Condiments and sauces■ Cheese

■ Fruit and vegetables■ Ice cream ■ Eggs ■ Fresh dairy (yoghurt, butter, etc.)■ Catering■ Take away ■ Frozen foods■ Meat, poultry and seafood■ Mineral and spring water, sodas■ Oil, vinegar■ Fruit juice ■ Milk

■ Bags ■ Barrels ■ Beakers ■ Bowls ■ Caps – Serving and dosingcaps ■ Bottles ■ Boxes – Tray boxes■ Cans ■ Containers■ Crates, including reusable crates

■ Films – Multilayer films– Stretch films

■ Flasks ■ Jars ■ Lids ■ Pumps ■ Sachets ■ Seals ■ Tableware ■ Trays ■ Tubes ■ Unitisation films ■ Valves ■ Tubs

food PACKAGING

FOOD products

Plastic packaging in the food industry: a world of solutions

PAGE 25plastic packaging ı consumption sectors

Technical characteristics

• Respects the product’s texture,smell, colour and sensory quality

• Preserves through highimpermeability to gases, vapour and light and UV protection

• Breathable: in some cases,packaging can let oxygen in and CO2 out

• Perforation- and tear-resistant

• Prevents both mould growth anddrying

• Food products may require in-packprocessing, e.g. vacuum cooking,pasteurised preparation, sterilisation,protective atmosphere filling, keepingtime extension. After this kind of packed producttreatment, the selected plastics keeptheir required properties in terms ofpermeability, neutrality andwatertightness. For sterilisation, the packaging mustremain both airtight and watertight.


Healthcare

> innocuousness >preservation> safety>efficacy

■ Dry: tablets, capsules■ Drinkable liquids: syrups,

drops

■ Injectable liquids: vaccines, sera

■ Pastes: ointments

■ Airless systems ■ Ampoules■ Blister packs ■ Blood bags■ Bottles ■ Bottles for eye drops■ Boxes ■ Cans■ Caps for eye drops■ Cases - Cushioning material ■ Feeding bottles ■ Films■ Flasks ■ Mini-flasks■ Flexible or rigid bottles

■ Heat-sealed closures■ Inner closures ■ Jars■ Pill boxes ■ Pumps■ Rigid tubes ■ Sachets■ Screwcaps ■ Single doses-units ■ Sprays ■ Tablet dispensers■ Tamper-proof caps ■ Nozzles ■ Tubes for creams ■ Vaccine doses ■ Valves

healthcare PACKAGING

PHARMACEUTICAL forms

Plastic packaging in healthcare:a world of solutions

Health product packaging has to meet high stan dards for user safety, preservation, hygiene,packaging discretion and efficiency, therapeuticefficacy, ease of use and handling for patients orhealthcare personnel and economy, etc.

Plastic packaging can meet thestrict requirements of the healthsector, including accurate dosage,innocuousness, airtightness, usercomfort and information security.

Main application sectors

Plastic packaging in health covers the pharmaceutical, medical, hospital and veterinary sectors.

It corresponds to the ethical, genericand OTC health product markets.


• Inert with respect to contents(protection of active principle)

• Airtight (tamper-proof through good weldability)

• Watertight

• Organoleptic

• Stable

• Sterilisable

• Unbreakable (quality required in bothhospital and domestic environments)

• Meets national, European andAmerican pharmacopoeia criteria

• Flexible or rigid, according to needs

• Transparent, translucent or opaque

• Lightweight

• Low storage bulk (stackable,optimised shapes)

• Suited to single doses


Perfumes-cosmetics

Application Characteristics

Plastic packaging in the beauty sectorcan adapt to trends in cosmetic ormake-up formulations, the movementsused to apply them and consumers’lifestyles. It can have an instructive roleand facilitate better make-up orskincare practices.

Plasticpackaging canprovide thegeneral public with beautyproducts via every distributionchannel. It has also helped tobring these products within

most people’s reach.

For maximum on-shelf standout,plastic packaging plays its role byendlessly diversifying shapes, coloursand designs.


• Resistance to impact and scratching

• Chemical resistance (for alcoholicproducts, particularly in fragrances)

• Various effects through mineral fillers(e.g. glitter) that can change thepackaging’s appearance or increase its density

• The flexibility of some materials provides forapplication by squeezing andenhances ease of use

Visual and sensorycharacteristics

• Colour, transparency(opalescence, translucence,etc.)

• Shape

• Look and feel (gloss, matt, satin, etc.): some materialsreproduce the appearance of skin, fabric or stone and give a distinctive tactilesensation (e.g. soft touch) or soft, silky or pearlizedsurfaces

■ Make-up (mascara,compacts, lipsticks,foundations, etc.)

■ Face and body care■ Sun products

■ Perfumes and perfumed lines

■ Personal care (shampoo,toothpaste, foam bath,shower gel, deodorant, etc.)

■ Hair products

■ Airless systems ■ Bottles ■ Boxes ■ Caps ■ Capsules ■ Closures ■ Compacts ■ Cushioning material ■ Films ■ Flexible and multilayer tube

components■ Flexible tubes■ Jars ■ Joints and seals ■ Lids ■ Brushes

■ Mascaras ■ Nozzles ■ Overcaps ■ Protective covers■ Pumps ■ Reinforcing bands■ Rigid tubes – Lipstick tubes ■ Sample sachets ■ Sticks■ Tottles ■ Tubes■ Transport trays■ Valves

beauty PACKAGING

BEAUTY products

Plastic packaging in perfumes & cosmetics:a world of solutions

Styling, colour, feel, chemical resistance, pre ser -vation, accurate dosage, a marketing vehicle: plasticpackaging can meet all these crucial requirementswhile ensuring consumer safety.

>design>marketing


Industry and distribution

Main consumption sectors

• Food• Industry • Automotive • Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics• Healthcare • Transport, etc.

Packaging

• Crates • Box pallets • Pallets • Pallet dividers


• The packaging’s robustnessensures the product carriedremains intact and is notsquashed.

• Simultaneously, thepackaging’s light weightprovides ergonomics(handles, no sharp edges),convenience and ease ofhandling, but also impact andstacking resistance, constanttare weight and hygrostability.

• Designed to ensure optimumwashing and drying conditions(avoiding water retentionzones and holes, etc.). Plastic’svery nature (smoothness, etc.)makes it easy to clean.

• Transport savings

• Openwork: ventilation(facilitates productpreservation in cold chain, etc.)

• European standard formats

• Traceability, etc.

Application characteristics

Reusable plastic packagingcombines storage and logisticalfunctions. Some packagingtypes are also used for productpresentation at point of sale.

These products deliver benefitsto users and lead to productivitygains as part of a logisticsorganisation.

In addition, they make rational,highly attractive shelforganisation possible.


• Chemicals• Petrochemicals• Parachemistry• Building and Public Works• Agriculture • Food • Other industrial sectors

(Automotive, etc.)

Packaging

• Cans • Drums • Bulk containers • Buckets, etc.

> logistics>handling> reutilisation> robustness>ergonomics

LOGISTICAL PACKAGING

RIGID INDUSTRIAL PACKAGING (Hollow bodies)

>safety>ergonomics>handling>chemical

compatibility


Benefits

• Safety • Security • Safe transport • Ergonomics • Design • Optimised shapes to carry maximum

quantity with minimum bulk• Standardisation • Hygiene • Permeability • Watertightness • Emptying • Handling (grips suited to volume and

weight of contents) • Handles help to avoid liquid retention

during emptying


• Physical strength• Chemical compatibility • Transport of hazardous

substances• UN markings• Barrier properties (permeability)• Opening and closing• Sealing / Capsuling• Labelling of hazardous products• Antistatic properties

INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

Film is used in every industrialand distribution centre. Its maincharacteristics are lowthickness and bulk and verylow weight for packing andtransporting heavy loads.


• Industry • Agriculture • Construction • Distribution, etc.

Packaging

• Sacks for industrial products(fertilizer, plaster, cement)

• Bubble films • Pallet films • Stretch films (used to group

products together and attachloads to a pallet)

• Shrink film (on pallets)

Waste bags: used by hospitals,building sites (rubble), local services

Characteristics

• Low thickness• High strength-to-weight ratio• UV resistance• Protection from scratches

during transport• Wedging (bubble film)• Tamper protection• Quick product identification

(printed, transparent)• Water-resistant• Low bulk • Stretchable• Shrinkable

MASS RETAIL SECTOR

Packaging

• Waste bags: in mass retailing and cash & carry

• Pack division (liquids, foodcans, etc.)

• Bagging: checkout bags, fruit& vegetables, promotional bags

• Film for food use • Film for personal care products

> lightness>efficiency> reliability> service

Big bags are flexible packagingused to pack and transportsolid products in various forms.


• Industry (chemicals, food, etc.)

• Agriculture • Construction, etc.

Characteristics

• Easy storage, emptying and handling

• Technical performance testedin approved laboratories, i.e.

fatigue, fall, overturning, pick-up, compression/stacking and UVresistance tests onsheets.

> robustness> lightness> safety

FILM

BIG BAGS


Cleaning products

Whether used in homes, industry, retail ing oragriculture, plastic is the main packaging material forcleaning products. Plastic packaging delivers safety,convenience, ergonomics and ease of use.


• Household • DIY • Gardening • Agriculture/Livestock • Industry • Distribution

Packaging

• Bottles • Cans • Eco-refills • Drums • Jars • Buckets • Containers• Bags• Sachets

Characteristics

• Reliability, convenience and productenhancement

• Easy handling: packaging with handles

• Secure closure systems: dispensercaps, pour-through stoppers, pistols,child safety

• Product protection, particularly forhazardous substances

• Vast choice of original shapes

• Transparency or opacity, colour

• Weight reduction: with the growth ofconcentrated products, containershave got smaller. Plastic bottles areparticularly suited to trends, sizechanges and optimised shapes.

• Adapted to logistics and shelf-stacking

• Traceability

• Economical, with the value for moneyrequired in mass retailing

>dosage >ergonomics> safety

plastic packaging ı CSEMP

the French Plastic Packaging

Association

> environment

>European (CEN TC 261)and French standardisation

> Europe

> communication

> industrial relations

>materials in contact with food - hygiene

> transport of hazardous substances

Main work orientations

With and for manufacturers in the sector, CSEMP acts on theenvironment to influence events,protect the image of plastic packagingand film, represent the trade with publicand corporate bodies, communicateand provide and interface with keypartners.

With around a hundred membercompanies, CSEMP represents 70-90% of the market depending on the packaging and film sector.

Relations with members

Commissions handle sector-wideissues; sections and workgroups focuson specific and technical areas.

Information is given via an extranet andrestricted to members.

The voice of the plastic packaging and film in dustry.An essential collective factor in busi nes ses’ individualperformance.

CSEMP is a member of:

■ Fédération de la Plasturgie (French plastics federation forconverters

■ CLIFE (French packaging industriesliaison committee)

■ Conseil National de l’Emballage(National packaging council)

■ EuPC (European Plastic ConvertersAssociation)

■ CETIE (International technical centrefor bottling and related packaging).

For the management of household,industrial and commercial packagingwaste, the manufacturers that belongto CSEMP are active in Valorplast,ECOFUT, Eco PSE and Recyfilm.

PLASTIC PACKAGING AND FILM MANUFACTURERS ■ AGRIPLAS (ROULLIER) ■ AIRSEC (SUD CHEMIE) ■ ALCAN PACKAGING BEAUTY ■ ALLIBERT BUCKHORN ■ ALPLAST Groupe ■ AMCOR PET PACKAGING ■ ARGOATPLASTIQUES ■ AURIPLAST (QUALIPAC) ■ AUTOBAR PACKAGING FRANCE ■ AUTOBARFLEXIBLE DECORATIVE PACKAGING ■ AUTOBAR FLEXIBLE PACKAGING PREMIUM ■ AXILONE PLASTIQUE (ILEOS) ■ BARBIER Groupe ■ BERICAP FRANCE ■ BOURBONPLASTIQUES ■ CASTELLETA ■ CGP FILM ■ COEXPAN FRANCE ■ COFRESCO ■ COLLY &MARTIN ■ DECOMATIC ■ DOW ■ EUROPLASTIQUES ■ EXAPLAST ■ GERRESHEIMERPHARMA PLASTIC SYSTEM ■ GIZEH EMBALLAGE ■ GLOBAL CLOSURE SYSTEMS ■ GREIF■ GUILLIN EMBALLAGES ■ HUHTAMAKI FRANCE ■ INCOPLAS FRANCE ■ ISOBOX(SYNBRA) ■ JOKEY FRANCE ■ KNAUF ■ LEYGATECH ■ LINPAC MATERIALS HANDLINGFRANCE ■ LISI COSMETICS ■ LMA PACKAGING (QUALIPAC) ■ LM PLASTIQUES ■ LOGOPLASTE FRANCE ■ MALIP ■ MAUSER EMBALLAGES ■ MEADWESTVACO CALMAR■ MILLET MARIUS ■ MOB (SMOBY) ■ NMBP ■ NORMANPLAST (TOTAL) ■ NOVEMBALTETRA PAK CLOSURES ■ ONO PACKAGING ■ PANSAC ■ PLASTIKPACK FRANCE ■ PLASTOBREIZ ■ PLASTUNI ■ POLIMOON ■ POUB’SAC ■ QUALIFORM (QUALIPAC) ■ QUALIPAC (POCHET/ALLIBERT) ■ REXAM PLASTIC PACKAGING ■ REXAM DISPENSINGSYSTEMS ■ RPC BEAUTE ■ SAINT-ANDRE PLASTIQUE ■ SAINT GOBAIN VG EMBALLAGE ■ SCHOELLER ARCA SYSTEMS ■ SCHUTZ FRANCE ■ SICAL (ROSSMANN) ■ SIDEL ■ SINCOPLAS ■ SIRAP GEMA FRANCE ■ SOLOCAP ■ SOMATER CONDI TION NEMENTS ■ SOPAVE ■ SOTRALENTZ PACKAGING ■ SPHERE ■ STED FLACONNAGE (STARD) ■ STOROPACK ■ SUPERFOS BESANCON ■ SUPERFOS INDUSTRIE ■ TEXEN ■ TIAGINDUSTRIES ■ TOP EMBALLAGE / RIEKE PACKAGING SYSTEMS ■ TOURNAIRE ■ TRANSIT(PLASTIC OMNIUM) ■ VALOIS (APTAR) ■ VITEMBAL ■ WERIT.

RECYCLERS■ AMCOR PET RECYCLING ■ APPROVAL 87 ■ COMPTOIR DES PLASTIQUES DE L’AIN ■ ECHALIER ■ FREUNDENBERG POLITEX ■ ICO POLYMERS FRANCE ■ MATIERESPLASTIQUES DE BOURGOGNE ■ REGENE ATLANTIQUE ■ SOREPLA (ENVIPCO) ■ SRVVACHER ■ TERGAL FIBRES ■ WELLMAN FRANCE RECYCLAGE.

LOGISTICIANS ■ CHEP FRANCE ■ EURO POOL SYSTEM.

USEFUL contacts> CONSEIL NATIONAL DE L’EMBALLAGE

[email protected]: 33 (0)1 46 37 16 00

> COTREPwww.cotrep.fr

> [email protected]: 33 (0)1 40 89 99 99

> [email protected]: 33 (0)1 46 22 02 23

> Eco [email protected] www.ecopse.frPhone: 33 (0)1 46 53 11 34

> Fédération de la [email protected] www.laplasturgie.frPhone: 33 (0)1 44 01 16 16

> PlasticsEurope [email protected] www.lesplastiques.comPhone: 33 (0)1 46 53 10 53

> [email protected]: 33 (0)1 46 22 33 66

> [email protected]: 33 (0)1 46 22 09 09

> [email protected]: 33 (0)1 46 53 10 95

PAGE 32 plastic packaging ı CSEMP

PHOTO creditsAlcan Packaging Beauty ■ Allibert Buckhorn ■ Antoine for CSEMP

■ Atofina ■ Atofina-G. Gauchet ■ Autobar Packaging France ■ Autobar Flexible

Decorative Packaging ■ Barbier Group ■ Bericap France ■ Cabot ■ CSEMP

■ Philippe Cluzeau for Valorplast ■ D&J ■ DigitalVision ■ Europlastiques

■ Euro Pool System ■ Fédération de la Plasturgie ■ John Foxx ■ Guillin Emballages

■ Global Closure Systems ■ Huhtamaki France ■ Jokey France ■ Knauf

■ Lisi Cosmetics ■ Lucas for Rouge Vif ■ Lustucru ■ Mauser Emballages ■ Mob

■ Nocibé ■ Normanplast ■ Origine ■ PhotoAlto-Pierre Bourrier ■ PhotoAlto-

Michel Bussy ■ Polimoon ■ PSA ■ Rexam ■ Rouge Vif ■ Rubberball Productions

■ Saint-Gobain VG Emballage ■ Schütz France ■ Somater Conditionnements

■ Sphere ■ Stockbyte Platinum ■ Stockbyte Silver ■ Superfos ■ Valois

■ Valorplast.

Plastic packaging is

with us in our daily lives,

protecting the environment

and helping to keep us safe.

French Plastic Packaging Association

5, rue de Chazelles 75017 Paris - France - Phone: 33 (0)1 46 22 33 66 - Fax: 33 (0)1 46 22 02 35 [email protected] - www.packplast.org R

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and life is easier - elipsoplastic packaging provides for optimum in-shelf organisation and...

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