and the Technologies to use it.

Tina Kaarsberg, PhDTina Kaarsberg, PhDHouse Science Committee, Energy SubcommitteeHouse Science Committee, Energy Subcommittee

Tina.Kaarsberg@mail.house.govTina.Kaarsberg@mail.house.gov

For For Producing Energy: The Emerging TechnologiesOrganized by theNanoscience ExchangeOrganized by theNanoscience Exchange

November 11, 2004November 11, 2004

The Biggest New ‘Source’ of The Biggest New ‘Source’ of Clean EnergyClean Energy

——Local Recycled Energy

LocalLocal enables more use of enables more use of allall fuels fuels

Peak Demand

Capacity

28 (Losses)

Power station fuel 100

70 (Losses

including T&D)

Electricity Electricity CHPfuel

Heat

30

55Heat

Boiler fuel 83

183

GRID

BOILER

CHP

100

48 (Losses)

Separate Heat & Power

Combined Heat and Power (Typical industrial onsite efficiency)

220

240

260

280

300

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Mile

s/G

W D

eman

d

Peak Demand

Capacity

Transmission Capacity vs. DemandTransmission Capacity vs. Demand

Use of Use of LocalLocal energy energy reduces the need for more reduces the need for more

transmission infrastructuretransmission infrastructure

Other Biomass Gases 111 MW, 1%

US Operating Recycled Energy Capacity 2002 by Source of Waste Energy--Total 9,328 MW

Black Liquor, 3577 MW, 39%

Wood Waste Solids, 2447 MW, 27%

Other Gases, 1258 MW, 13%

Blast Furnace Gas, 926 MW, 10%

Landfield Gas, 877 MW, 9%

Waste Oil 74 MW, 1%

Wood Waste Liquids, 35 MW, 0%

Other Biomass Solid, 25 MW, 0%

We already We already recyclerecycle energy in many ways. energy in many ways.

Installed Recycled Energy Capacity per capita (millions)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Mai

ne

Ala

bam

a

Indi

ana

Mis

siss

ippi

Ariz

ona

Haw

aii

Sou

th C

arol

ina

Was

hing

ton

Okl

ahom

a

Mar

ylan

d

Cal

iforn

ia

Mic

higa

n

Pen

nsyl

vani

a

Flo

rida

Ten

ness

ee

Illin

ois

Mon

tana

Ohi

o

New

Yor

k

New

Mex

ico

Ark

ansa

s

Col

orad

o

Dis

t. O

f Col

umbi

a

Mis

sour

i

Sou

th D

acot

a

Wyo

min

g

State

Cap

acit

y (M

W)

We already We already recyclerecycle energy in many states! energy in many states! --Total 9,328 MW

We could easily We could easily recyclerecycle a lot more energy a lot more energy

Peak Demand

Capacity

Gasturbine Process Heater

Residue Gasification - Petroleum Refining

EPSI - VOC Control

Black Liquor Gasification

Natural Gas Pressure Recovery Turbines

Back-Pressure Turbine - Industry

Steam Injected Gasturbine (Cheng Cycle

Gas Turbine - Drying

Landfill Gas Recovery

Residue Gasification - Other Industries

Municipal Wastewater - Anaerobic Digestion ……

…Organic Rankine CycleFuels Cells in the Chlorine-Alkaline IndustryAdvanced Cogeneration - Iron & SteelBack-Pressure Turbine - District HeatingFlare Gas RecoveryPressure Power recoveryAgriculture - Anaerobic DigestionIndustrial Wastewater - Anaerobic Digestion

100 GW Potential NOW

Policy Options to Promote Policy Options to Promote LocalLocal Recycled Energy Recycled Energy

• Use The Bully Pulpit

• Expand Systems R&D – on heat recovery technologies (incl. nano) and – fuel clean up and use (including nano)

• Add Recycled Energy to a Renewable Portfolio Standard

• Train & Develop Energy Services Workforce.