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Android CourseAmira Elsayed Ismail

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Agenda• Why Learn Android?• Prerequisites.• Android History.• What is Android?• Android Architecture.

Why Learn Android?• Run your applications on 59% of the smartphones

worldwide (Jul - 2012).

• Join in 600,000 applications for android (Jul - 2012).

• Not just smartphone, Android OS is being used in, TVs, Microwaves, Car Tapes. Etc…

• High job success rates.

• Create app sell to market very easily.

Prerequisites• Object-oriented programming.

• You must understand terms like (Class, Instance, Method, Superclass and Subclass).

• Installation of Eclipse IDE & Android SDK Tools.

• Install all SDKs preferably (2.1, 2.2 & 4.x).

• An android device. (Optional but highly recommended).

Android History• Started by Android Inc. in 2005, which had been

financed by Google.

• In 2007 Google bought Android Inc.

• Android beta was released in Nov 2007.

• Android v1.0 was released in Sep 2008.

• Latest android version is 4.4 (Kitkat).

What is Android? Android is an operating system for

mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers.

Android has beaten Apple iOS, being the leading mobile operating system from first quarter of 2011

Android Architecture Android system is composed of following

items: Linux Kernel. Libraries. Applications Framework. Applications.

Android Architecture (Cont’d) Linux Kernel

Its customized Linux kernel with a lot more android specific code to support devices.

One of the kernel's main function is to control hardware.

Android Architecture (Cont’d) Libraries

Webkit Modern web browser engine used in both

web view as well as native browser.

Support CSS, Java script, DOM, Ajax etc.


Media framework PacketVideo, openCORE platform.

Support Audio, Video, Still-frame formats.


SQLite Self-contained.

Serverless.

Zero-configuration.

SQL Database.


OpenGL|ES(openGL for EmbeddedSystems) Standard specification for 2D/3D graphics.

Can simulate physics.

Complex 3D scenes can be drawn.

Used in (Virtual reality, Augmented reality, Game programming, Scientific visualization and Flight simulation).


Surface Manager Manages access to display subsystem.

Seamlessly composites graphic layers 2D/3D layers from different applications.


SGL (Skia graphic library) An underlying 2D graphics engine.

Used to draw text, geometries & images.


SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) Cryptographic protocol to provide

information security over internet.


FreeType Bitmap and vector font rendering.

Android Architecture (Cont’d) Android Runtime

Dalvik Virtual Machine Provides application portability and runtime

consistency.

Runs optimized file format (.dex) and Dalvik bytecode.

Android Architecture (Cont’d) Android Runtime

Core Libraries Data structures File Access Graphics Network Access Utilities

Android Architecture (Cont’d) Applications Framework

Activity Manager Interact with overall activities running in the

system. Manage lifecycle of activities. Manage stacking of activities.


Window Manager Dispatch input events to clients. Transition animation. Create layout/surfaces (using

SurfaceManager).


Content Providers Manage access to structured access of

data. Mainly used for data sharing purposes.


View System Basic building block for UI components. Can be extended to build custom UI

components.


Package Manager Provides methods for querying and

manipulating installed packages.


Telephony Manager Provides access to telephony services on

android. Can monitor telephone state changes.


Location Manager Provide access to system location services. Able to track location periodically or one-

time.


Resource Manager Link external resources to native app at

build time. Resources may include XML Layouts,

Bitmaps, raw files etc.


Notification Manager Notify users about events.

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