ands, infrastructure development & corruption in afghanistan

ANDS, Infrastructure Development & Corruption in

AfghanistanHamdard Hamdullah (MEP13211)

Infrastructure Development Advisor, Ministry of Finance,

The Islamic Republic of AfghanistanDate: 18 July 2014

By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211 2

Afghanistan Development FrameworkSocio-Economic Development in the Short, Medium and

Long term

Millennium Development Goals2005-202015 Years

National Development Strategy2008-20135 Years

Medium Term Fiscal Framework2006-20103 Years

1387 BudgetAnnual1 Year

Afghanistan Compact 2006-20105 Years

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Importance of the ANDS• Donors will not channel their funds through the Government’s

core budget if there is no prioritized strategic plan or implementation arrangement.

• This means that the Government doesn’t have access to donor funded programs/projects and has no control over them.

• Importantly, the bilateral implementation of projects without consultation or approval from Government ministries/agencies has meant that a number of the programs/projects have been conducted repeatedly and inefficiently in different parts of the country which is a waste of time and resources.

• Many development priorities have to date been defined by donors and not by the Government of Afghanistan. 7/18/2014


Importance of the ANDS …• In the absence of sectorial strategies, national programs and

implementation arrangements, the Government has not been able to ensure that donor countries align their funding with the Government’s plans to increase effectiveness and efficiency.

• The Government has been continually criticized by the international and donor community of corruption, low capacity and not having a National Strategy in which priorities are identified, programs/projects defined, implementing agencies introduced and sources for implementation identified.

• This absence of a clear policy, vision and plan has created problems for the three branches of the Government; the judicial, constitutional and executive branches. Balance and coordination among the three branches depends on a national plan to provide specific guidance for all branches.

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Our Vision for Afghanistan’s Future

By the solar year 1400 (2020), Afghanistan will be:• A stable Islamic constitutional democracy at peace with itself and its

neighbors, standing with full dignity in the international family.• A tolerant, united, and pluralist nation that honors its Islamic heritage and

deep aspirations toward participation, justice, and equal rights for all.• A society of hope and prosperity based on a strong, private sector-led

market economy, social equity, and environmental sustainability.

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Afghanistan National Development StrategyThe ANDS is a Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)-based plan that serves as Afghanistan’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP). It is underpinned by the principles, pillars and benchmarks of the Afghanistan Compact.

ANDS

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ANDS Institutional Structure

Under each of the above pillars, TW Gs of the ministries and dono rs have com e together to develop ANDS implem enting benchmarks and monitor them . In order to achieve Enchmarks, they evaluate policies and strategies. Afghanistan Com pactB

President

Cabinet

Oversight Com m ittee

ANDS/JCMBSecretariats

Private sector developm ent

Social Protection Health Education Agriculture and

rural developm entInfrastructure and

national resources

Good governance and

rule of lawsecurity

SecurityG overnanceEconom ic and Social Developm ent


Who were involved in the development process of the ANDS?

• The Government of Afghanistan: The president, cabinet, ministries, independent departments and commissions, municipalities, governors, provincial development committees, provincial departments of line ministries, district councils, embassies of Afghanistan in the other countries.

• The Government of Afghanistan: National Assembly (Upper and Lower Houses), provincial councils, elected councils at the district and village level.

• Civil society: local development councils, unions, organizations, political parties, NGOs, associations and private sector.

• Academics: universities, scientific and professional organizations and councils, science academy

• The International Community: United Nations, Embassies, Donors, NGOs, international private sectors, PRTs

• And also: minorities, Kuchis (nomads), disabled and war victims, Afghan residents and refugees outside of the country, national and international media

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ANDS Participatory Process

17500 Community Development Plans (CDPs)

345 District Development Plans (DDPs)

17 Sector Strategie

s

34 Provincial Development Plans (PDPs)

39 Ministry/Agency Strategies

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Public Awareness Campaign in 27 provinces during 2006

First Pilot Round of Sub National Consultations, March 2007

Second Round of Sub National Consultations, jun-Sep 2007

More than 17000 afghans (46% women) participated in the Sub National Consultation process

Third Round of Sub National Consultations, Feb 2008

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Role of the National Assembly in the Development Process of the ANDS

• Active participation of both male and female parliamentarians in the sub national consultation process of the ANDS

• Significant contribution in the consultative meetings on provincial development plans

• Significant involvement in the meetings on integrating the PDP priorities in the ministries strategies.

• Contribution and participation of NA members on the national budget 1387 which were based on the ANDS

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Overview

March: Clusters define goals, strategy and key interventions against the stated criteria:

•Ability to deliver jobs, directly and indirectly•Nationwide coverage•Builds on existing interventions•Ability to attract more investment

Planning Process for KabulApril: Analyze bankable programs to determine:

• Top up or scale-out of existing programs• Re-design of programs to meet criteria• Scale-down of poor performing or non-

aligned programs• Outline of new programs to fill gaps

• Clusters designed to enable strong leadership that facilitates ministries to deliver concrete results over the next 18-24 months

• Clusters prioritize ANDS around key criteria - jobs and service delivery -- through bankable programs

• Donors support government priorities at 80% of their budgets, improving coordination

• Ministerial Clusters will operate at strategic (decision making) level

• Cluster Working Level will include Deputy Ministers, Director Generals and STAs

• Cluster Secretariat will be staffed by MoF/ANDS

• Cluster Coordinating Committee will provide oversight and integration role

Clusters for Achieving ANDS ResultsStructural Composition

May: Integrate plans, receive Cabinet and JCMB endorsement and deliver at Kabul Conference

Cluster Planning ProcessFebruary March April May

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Cluster Secretariat

Cluster Coordinators & Ministers

Ministry Working Level Staff

Prepare Ministry & Sector Analysis

Prepare Materials

Review Cluster Objectives & Goals

Validate Cluster Objectives & Goals

Validate Strategy & Interventions

Prepare Bankable Program Analysis

Bankable Program Decision Meetings

Prepare Integrated Cluster Plan

Review Cluster Plan

Endorse Integrated Cluster Plan

Send Plan to Cabinet for Endorsement

DonorMeetings

Explanation of Cluster process

Present Cluster Vision, Strategy, Interventions

Present Bankable Programs & Outline Cluster Plan

JCMB Review & Endorse at Kabul Conference

Prepare Strategy & Interventions docs

Review of Bankable Program Analysis

Review Strategy & Interventions


Meets Cluster Criteria

YES

NO

PARTLY

Considered Viable

Program

Considered Viable

Program

Considered Viable

ProgramYES

Can Scale Up in

VolumeYES

Can Scale Out

Regionally

NO

(or Not Needed)

NO

(or Not Needed)

Continue Program

Re-Design Program to Meet Criteria

Re-Allocate Fundsto Qualified Program

Terminate Program

Allocate MoreResources

YES

YES

NO

Program can be re-designed

YES

NO

NO

YES

Has currently committed

funds

NO

YESFunds cans be re-committed or

re-allocated

NO

YES

1

2

2

2

3 4

3

3 4Bankable Program Decision Tree

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Government of Afghanistan Structure for ANDS Clusters Coordination

President & Cabinet

Cluster CoordinationCommittee (CCC)

(Chair Min. Zakhilwal)Cluster Coordinators

Joint Coordination andMonitoring Board

CCC Secretariat(Director - DM Policy)

Agriculture & RuralDevelopment Cluster

[ ]

Human Resource Development Cluster

[ ]

Infrastructure and EconomicDevelopment Cluster

[ ]

ClusterSecretariat

(2-4 ppl)

Policy Directorate

Strategic Implementation Directorate

Civilian Technical Assistance Directorate

ClusterMinisters

(plus 1 DM& 1 TA per ministry)

ClusterSecretariat

(2-4 ppl)

ClusterMinisters


ClusterSecretariat

(2-4 ppl)

ClusterMinisters


DM for Policy Office Support

Operations Directorate

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Core Cluster ParticipationCluster 1(Coordinator)

Cluster 1Secretariat

(2-4 ppl)

Cluster 1Ministers


Cluster Coordinator

Minister 1Minister 2Minister 3Minister 4

• Ministerial participation• Strategic guidance• Oversight of process• Endorsement of results

Ministry Support

Ministry 1 Deputy MinisterMinistry 1 Senior Advisor Ministry 2 Deputy MinisterMinistry 2 Senior Advisor

• Knowledge of Ministry • Programs and projects• Technical planning skills• Reach-in to Ministry• Preparation of Ministry plans within the Cluster

Secretariat

Cluster ManagerSenior Technical AdvisorDrafter / Organizer

• Facilitation of planning• Background analysis• Objective technical support• Preparation of drafts• Deconflict and synch plans with other Clusters

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Infrastructure Development

There are four National Priority Programs in Infrastructure Development Cluster

• NRRCP (Airports, Civil Aviation, Roads, Railway)

• NEIEP (Mining and Extractive Industries)

• NESP (HPPs, Renewable energy, Transmission Lines, Power generation and electricity import)

• UMSP (urban development projects, construction of towns, urban roads, and canalizations)

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Classification of External Assistance by ANDS Sectors (2011)

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Clusters Priorities & Objectives (Proposed)Goal Statement: “The goal of the clusters is to increase collaboration between Ministries

and to develop and implement a clear, prioritized agenda aimed at addressing the key development challenges of the sector.” (London paper on Economic Development)

Agriculture and Rural Development Cluster

Objectives

Human Resource Development Cluster

Objectives

Infrastructure and Economic Development

Cluster Objectives

The GoA will build prosperous rural communities through focus

on:

The GoA will prepare Afghans for the labour market through

focus on:

The GoA will develop a business climate that enables

private investment through focus on:

1. Improving access to water and irrigation

1. Increasing the number and quality of University Graduates

1. Increasing access to energy

2. Improving access to rural credit

2. Bridging gap between graduation and recruitment

2. Creating a modern transportation backbone

3. Improving applied research and technology transfer services for farmers & kuchis

3. Increasing number and quality of vocational education

3. Facilitating growth of business and trade

4. Improving access to rural energy

4. Utilizing public private partnerships in the provision of training

4. Preparing Afghanistan for large-scale investment in the extractive industries


13872008/09US$m

13882009/10US$m

13892010/11US$m

13902011/12US$m

13912012/13US$m

TotalUS$m

Core + External Budget Funding

Domestic Revenue 887 1,104 1,351 1,611 1,911 6,864

Total Assistance from Donors* 6,513 4,960 4,814 4,398 3,908 24,593

Total Funding* 7,400 6,064 6,165 6,009 5,819 31,457Budgeted Core + External ExpenditureSecurity 3219 2585 2679 2790 2906 14179

Infrastructure 1781 3093 3681 4180 4451 17185Agriculture and Rural Development 829 921 916 909 912 4486

Education and Culture 742 893 980 1077 1181 4872

Good Governance and Rule of Law 374 558 640 685 728 2985

Health & Nutrition 325 465 530 563 595 2478

Economic Governance & PSD 237 215 230 244 260 1186

Social Protection 192 359 394 421 449 1815

Others (Sub Codes) 205 198 185 170 157 915

Total Expenditure 7,903 9,286 10,236 11,038 11,637 50,100* Based on discussions with donors and the 1386 (2007) financial review

Overall Financing Envelope for the ANDS 1387-1391 (2008 2013) ‑

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Corruption & InfrastructureFactors facilitating corruption in infrastructure, by Level

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By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211 227/18/2014


Corruption vulnerabilities project cycle

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Vulnerabilities to Corruption in Afghanistan’s Road Construction Sector

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By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211 257/18/2014

ands, infrastructure development & corruption in afghanistan

Documents

development priorities

government of afghanistan

development process

afghanistan ands

national plan

government ministriesagencies

afghanistan compact

government doesnt