anemia.ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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Anemia : adalah keadaan dimana jumlah sel darah merah atau jumlah hemoglobin (protein pembawa oksigen) dalam sel darah merah berada dibawah normal.
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Sel darah
Leukosit Erotrosit Trombosit
Ketahanan tubuh transportasi pembekuan darah
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Eritrosit
Pada eritropoesis membutuhkan : Logam : Fe,Mn,Co Vit : B12,B6,C,B1(tiamin) B2 (ribovlavin) As.Amino Hormon : Eritropoetin
terganggu
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Pembentukan eritrosit menurun/terganggu
Anemia:- kadar Hb turun
- jumlah eritrosit menurun
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Fungsi Eritrosit
Mengangangkut O2 dari paru-paru jaringan
Mengangkut CO2 dari jaringan paru-paru
Untuk mengatur pertukaran Eritrosit memiliki protein khususHb
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Macam-macam Anemia Anemia fisiologisKadar Hb menurun setelah 1 minggu dan
tetap rendah untuk beberapa mingguFaktor penyebab; berkurangnya produksi sistem eritropoetik Pendeknya umur eritrosit Volume darah meningkatBB meningkat
2 bulan
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•Anemia Post Hemorhagic
Etiologi: Kecelakaan Operasi Perdarahan usus Ulkus peptikum Post partum
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Pengaruh yang timbul:
Aliran darah menurunorgan :ginjal,otak,jantung
Pucat Akral dingin Takhikardi Tekanan darah normal/menurun Tekanan darah menurun dan renjatan
reversibel Renjataniireversibel
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Therapi
Transfusi Plasma ekspanders infus
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Anemia Megaloblastik Eritroblast abnormal Gangguan pada sintesis DNA Etiologi : Devisiensi vit B12,As Folat Abnormalitas metabolisme Vit B12,as.folat Cacat sintesis DNA
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Anemia Hemolitik Peningkatan kecepatan kerusakan sel
darah merah Etiologi: - kesalahan transfusi
- kekurangan enzim G6PD dehidrogenase
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Anemia Aplastik Anemia aplastik
(hipoplastik)pansitopenia Anemia,leukopeni,trombositopeni
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Anemia Defisiensi Besi
hipokrom
Fe menurungangguan pembentukan Hbgangguan transportasi O2/Co2energi menurunkerusakan sel
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PENATALAKSANAAN KEPERAWATAN
PENGKAJIAN ANEMIA DEFISIENSI Fe Anak lemas, sering berdebar-debar Lekas lelah Pucat Sakit kepala Iritabel Tampak pucat pada mukosa bibir dan faring,telapak tangan dan
dasar kuku,konjungtivakebiruan Papil lidah atrofi Pembesaran jantung Bising sistolik
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Laboratorium
Hb < 10 gr/dl MCV < 79 cu (normal 76-96 cu) MCHC < 32 % (normal 32-37 %) Mikrositik hipokronik Leukosit dan trombosit normal sistem eritropoetik hiperaktif
(sel normoblas polikromatofil)
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Masalah Keperawatan
Perubahan nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhan Resiko infeksi perubahan perfusi jaringan Intolerance activity Koping keluarga tidak efektif Kurang pengetahuan kecemasan
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Intervensi
Nutrisi Istirahat Monitor cardinal sign Tindakan aseptik dan antiseptik Tehnik bermain He pada anak dan Orang tua
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