AnimalAnimalFarmFarm

By George OrwellBy George Orwell

“All animals are equal, but some are more equal than others.”

Allegory - Satire - Fable

George OrwellGeorge OrwellBritish Author & JournalistBritish Author & Journalist

19031903--19501950 Born in IndiaBorn in India

At that time India was a part of the BritishAt that time India was a part of the BritishEmpire, and Blair's father, Richard, held a postEmpire, and Blair's father, Richard, held a postas an agent in the Opium Department of theas an agent in the Opium Department of theIndian Civil Service.Indian Civil Service.

The Blair family was not very wealthyThe Blair family was not very wealthy -- OrwellOrwelllater described them ironically as "lowerlater described them ironically as "lower--upperupper--middle class". They owned no property, had nomiddle class". They owned no property, had noextensive investments; they were like manyextensive investments; they were like manymiddlemiddle--class English families of the time, totallyclass English families of the time, totallydependent on the British Empire for theirdependent on the British Empire for theirlivelihood and prospects.livelihood and prospects.

Noted as a novelist and critic, as well as aNoted as a novelist and critic, as well as apolitical and cultural commentatorpolitical and cultural commentator

One of the most widely admiredOne of the most widely admired EnglishEnglish--languagelanguage essayistsessayists of the 20th centuryof the 20th century

Best known for twoBest known for two novelsnovels critical ofcritical oftotalitarianismtotalitarianism in general, andin general, and StalinismStalinism ininparticular:particular: Animal FarmAnimal Farm Nineteen EightyNineteen Eighty--FourFour

“Liberty is telling people what they do not want to hear.”

19841984 The novel, published inThe novel, published in

1949, takes place in 19841949, takes place in 1984and presents an imaginaryand presents an imaginaryfuture where a totalitarianfuture where a totalitarianstate controls every aspectstate controls every aspectof life, even people'sof life, even people'sthoughts. The state isthoughts. The state iscalled Oceania and is ruledcalled Oceania and is ruledby a group known as theby a group known as theParty; its leader andParty; its leader anddictator is Big Brother.dictator is Big Brother.

George Orwell and His BeliefsGeorge Orwell and His Beliefs Orwell was a person who had a reputation for standing apartOrwell was a person who had a reputation for standing apart

and even making a virtue of his detachment.and even making a virtue of his detachment. This “outsider” position often led him to oppose the crowd.This “outsider” position often led him to oppose the crowd. Orwell’s beliefs about politics were affected by his experiencesOrwell’s beliefs about politics were affected by his experiences

fighting in the Spanish Civil War.fighting in the Spanish Civil War. He viewed socialists, communists, and fascists as repressiveHe viewed socialists, communists, and fascists as repressive

and selfand self--serving.serving. He was skeptical of governments and their willingness toHe was skeptical of governments and their willingness to

forsake ideas in favor of power.forsake ideas in favor of power.

Interesting Fact:Interesting Fact:George Orwell’s real name was Eric Blair.George Orwell’s real name was Eric Blair.

Why Animals?Why Animals? In explaining how he came to writeIn explaining how he came to write AnimalAnimal

FarmFarm, Orwell says he once saw a little boy, Orwell says he once saw a little boywhipping a horse and later he wrote,whipping a horse and later he wrote, “It struck me that if only such animals became aware“It struck me that if only such animals became aware

of their strength we should have no power over them,of their strength we should have no power over them,and that men exploit animals in much the same wayand that men exploit animals in much the same wayas the rich exploit the [worker].”as the rich exploit the [worker].”

George Orwell in IndiaGeorge Orwell in India

He was born in India andHe was born in India andspent his early yearsspent his early yearsthere since his father heldthere since his father helda post there.a post there. He was a lonely boy whoHe was a lonely boy who

liked to make up storiesliked to make up storiesand talk with imaginaryand talk with imaginarycompanions.companions.

As an adult, he workedAs an adult, he workedfor the Imperial Police infor the Imperial Police inBritish occupied India.British occupied India.

What is Animal Farm?What is Animal Farm? A masterpiece of political satire,A masterpiece of political satire,

Animal FarmAnimal Farm is a tale of oppressedis a tale of oppressedindividuals who long for freedomindividuals who long for freedombut ultimately are corrupted bybut ultimately are corrupted byassuming the very power that hadassuming the very power that hadoriginally oppressed them.originally oppressed them.

The story traces the deplorableThe story traces the deplorableconditions of mistreated animalsconditions of mistreated animalswho can speak and who exhibitwho can speak and who exhibitmany human characteristics. Aftermany human characteristics. Afterextreme negligence by their owner,extreme negligence by their owner,the animals revolt and expel Mr.the animals revolt and expel Mr.Jones and his wife from the farm.Jones and his wife from the farm.

The tale of the society the animalsThe tale of the society the animalsform into a totalitarian regime isform into a totalitarian regime isgenerally viewed as Orwell'sgenerally viewed as Orwell'scritique of the communist system incritique of the communist system inthe former Soviet Union.the former Soviet Union.

Interesting Fact: Orwell initially struggledInteresting Fact: Orwell initially struggledto find a publisher forto find a publisher for Animal FarmAnimal Farm..

Significance TodaySignificance Today But whyBut why –– now that Soviet Communismnow that Soviet Communism

has fallen and the Cold War is overhas fallen and the Cold War is over ––doesdoes Animal FarmAnimal Farm deserve ourdeserve ourattention? The answer lies in the powerattention? The answer lies in the powerof allegory. Allegorical fables, becauseof allegory. Allegorical fables, becausethey require us to make comparisonsthey require us to make comparisonsand connections, can be meaningful toand connections, can be meaningful toany reader in any historical period. Theany reader in any historical period. Thestory ofstory of Animal FarmAnimal Farm will always havewill always havelessons to teach us about the wayslessons to teach us about the waysthat people abuse power andthat people abuse power andmanipulate others.manipulate others.

Orwell's chilling story of the betrayal ofOrwell's chilling story of the betrayal ofidealism through tyranny andidealism through tyranny andcorruption is as fresh and relevantcorruption is as fresh and relevanttoday as when it was first published intoday as when it was first published in1945.1945.

Children’s Book?Children’s Book? –– No!No! AfterAfter Animal FarmAnimal Farm was published in 1945, Georgewas published in 1945, George

Orwell discovered with horror that booksellers wereOrwell discovered with horror that booksellers wereplacing his novel on children’s shelves. According toplacing his novel on children’s shelves. According tohis housekeeper, he began traveling from bookstorehis housekeeper, he began traveling from bookstoreto bookstore requesting that the book be shelved withto bookstore requesting that the book be shelved withadult works. This dual identityadult works. This dual identity —— as children’s storyas children’s storyand adult satireand adult satire —— has stayed with Orwell’s novel forhas stayed with Orwell’s novel formore than fifty years.more than fifty years.

The FableThe Fable The fable is one of the oldestThe fable is one of the oldest

literary formsliterary forms -- much, much oldermuch, much olderthan the novel or the short story. Athan the novel or the short story. Afable is usually short, written infable is usually short, written ineither verse or prose, and conveyseither verse or prose, and conveysa clear moral or message. Thea clear moral or message. Theearliest fables still preserved dateearliest fables still preserved dateback to 6th Century Greece B.C.E.back to 6th Century Greece B.C.E.The author of these fables, Aesop,The author of these fables, Aesop,used animal characters to stand forused animal characters to stand forhuman "types." For example, a foxhuman "types." For example, a foxcharacter might embody the humancharacter might embody the humancharacteristics of cunning andcharacteristics of cunning andcleverness. Though Aesop's animalcleverness. Though Aesop's animalfables were ostensibly aboutfables were ostensibly aboutanimals, they were reallyanimals, they were reallyinstructional tales about humaninstructional tales about humanemotions and human behavior.emotions and human behavior.

Animal FablesAnimal Fables The most popular animal fables ofThe most popular animal fables of

the 20th Century are thethe 20th Century are the Just SoJust SoStoriesStories (1902) written by Rudyard(1902) written by RudyardKipling. Kipling's fables wereKipling. Kipling's fables wereadapted by Disney in the movieadapted by Disney in the movieThe Jungle Book.The Jungle Book. Orwell admiredOrwell admiredKipling and theKipling and the Just So StoriesJust So Storieswould seem to have influenced thewould seem to have influenced theform ofform of Animal FarmAnimal Farm. Orwell took. Orwell tookthe short animal fable andthe short animal fable andexpanded it to the length of a shortexpanded it to the length of a shortnovel in the form of annovel in the form of an allegoryallegory..

AllegoryAllegory Most fables have two levels of meaning. On the surface, theMost fables have two levels of meaning. On the surface, the

fable is about animals. But on a second level, the animalsfable is about animals. But on a second level, the animalsstand for types of people or ideas. The way the animalsstand for types of people or ideas. The way the animalsinteract and the way the plot unfolds says something aboutinteract and the way the plot unfolds says something aboutthe nature of people or the value of ideas. Any type ofthe nature of people or the value of ideas. Any type offiction that has multiple levels of meaning in this way isfiction that has multiple levels of meaning in this way iscalled ancalled an allegoryallegory..

Allegory (cont’d)Allegory (cont’d)

Animal FarmAnimal Farm is strongly allegorical,is strongly allegorical,but it presents a very nice balancebut it presents a very nice balancebetween levels of meaning. On thebetween levels of meaning. On thefirst level, the story about thefirst level, the story about theanimals is very moving. You can beanimals is very moving. You can beupset when Boxer is taken away byupset when Boxer is taken away bythe horse slaughterer without beingthe horse slaughterer without beingtoo aware of what he stands for. Buttoo aware of what he stands for. Butat the same time, each of theat the same time, each of theanimals does serve as a symbol. Theanimals does serve as a symbol. Thestory's second level involves thestory's second level involves thecareful critique Orwell constructed tocareful critique Orwell constructed tocomment on Soviet Russia.comment on Soviet Russia.

Boxer

Allegory (cont’d)Allegory (cont’d) Yet there is no reason thatYet there is no reason that

allegory must be limited toallegory must be limited totwo levels. It is possible totwo levels. It is possible toargue thatargue that Animal FarmAnimal Farmalso has a third and morealso has a third and moregeneral level of meaning. Forgeneral level of meaning. Forinstance, the pigs need notinstance, the pigs need notonly represent specificonly represent specifictyrannical soviet leaders.tyrannical soviet leaders.They could also be symbolsThey could also be symbolsfor tyranny more broadly:for tyranny more broadly:their qualities are thereforetheir qualities are thereforenot simply the historicalnot simply the historicalcharacteristics of a set ofcharacteristics of a set ofactual men but are theactual men but are thequalities of all leaders whoqualities of all leaders whorely on repression andrely on repression andmanipulation.manipulation.

Squealer, Snowball, & Napoleon

SatireSatire In aIn a satiresatire, the writer, the writer

attacks a serious issue byattacks a serious issue bypresenting it in a ridiculouspresenting it in a ridiculouslight or otherwise poking funlight or otherwise poking funat it. Orwell uses satire toat it. Orwell uses satire toexpose what he saw as theexpose what he saw as themyth of Soviet socialism.myth of Soviet socialism.Thus, the novel tells a storyThus, the novel tells a storythat people of all ages canthat people of all ages canunderstand, but it also tellsunderstand, but it also tellsus a second storyus a second story—— that ofthat ofthe realthe real--life revolution.life revolution.

Soviet Coat of Arms

IronyIrony IronyIrony results when there is a disparityresults when there is a disparity

between what an audience wouldbetween what an audience wouldexpect and what really happens.expect and what really happens.Orwell uses a particular type of ironyOrwell uses a particular type of irony ––dramatic irony. He relies on thedramatic irony. He relies on thedifference between what the animalsdifference between what the animalsunderstand and what we, theunderstand and what we, theaudience, can conclude about theaudience, can conclude about thesituation at Animal Farm.situation at Animal Farm.

We know just what the animals know,We know just what the animals know,but we can see so much more of itsbut we can see so much more of itssignificance than they can. Thesignificance than they can. Theconclusions we reach that the animalsconclusions we reach that the animalsnever quite get tonever quite get to –– that the pigs arethat the pigs aredecadent, corrupt, and immoraldecadent, corrupt, and immoral –– areareall the more powerful because weall the more powerful because wearrive at them ourselves, without thearrive at them ourselves, without thenarrator pointing these things outnarrator pointing these things outdirectly.directly.

Napoleon overindulging himself.

Snowball below the commandments.

Irony (cont’d)Irony (cont’d) Orwell uses dramatic irony toOrwell uses dramatic irony to

create a particularly subtlecreate a particularly subtlesatire.satire. SatireSatire stages astages acritique of an individual,critique of an individual,group, or idea bygroup, or idea byexaggerating faults andexaggerating faults andrevealing hypocrisies. Therevealing hypocrisies. Thedramatic irony ofdramatic irony of AnimalAnimalFarmFarm achieves this aimachieves this aimindirectly. We see theindirectly. We see thehypocrisy that the animalshypocrisy that the animalsdon't and thereforedon't and thereforeunderstand in this backwardunderstand in this backwardfashion that the book isfashion that the book isdeeply critical of the pigs.deeply critical of the pigs.

When History and Literature MergeWhen History and Literature Merge Critics often consider Animal Farm toCritics often consider Animal Farm to

be an allegory of the Russianbe an allegory of the RussianRevolution. In the early 1900s,Revolution. In the early 1900s,Russia’s Czar Nicholas II faced anRussia’s Czar Nicholas II faced anincreasingly discontented populace.increasingly discontented populace.Freed from feudal serfdom in 1861,Freed from feudal serfdom in 1861,many Russian peasants weremany Russian peasants werestruggling to survive under anstruggling to survive under anoppressive government. By 1917,oppressive government. By 1917,amidst the tremendous suffering ofamidst the tremendous suffering ofWorld War I, a revolution began. InWorld War I, a revolution began. Intwo major battles, the Czar’stwo major battles, the Czar’sgovernment was overthrown andgovernment was overthrown andreplaced by the Bolshevik leadershipreplaced by the Bolshevik leadershipof Vladimir Lenin. When Lenin died inof Vladimir Lenin. When Lenin died in1924, his former colleagues Leon1924, his former colleagues LeonTrotsky, hero of the early Revolution,Trotsky, hero of the early Revolution,and Joseph Stalin, head of theand Joseph Stalin, head of theCommunist Party, struggled forCommunist Party, struggled forpower. Stalin won the battle, and hepower. Stalin won the battle, and hedeported Trotsky into permanentdeported Trotsky into permanentexile.exile.

Czar Nicholas IIVladimir Lenin

Joseph StalinLeon Trotsky

Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin Once in power, Stalin began, withOnce in power, Stalin began, with

despotic urgency and exalteddespotic urgency and exaltednationalism, to move the Soviet Unionnationalism, to move the Soviet Unioninto the modern industrial age. Hisinto the modern industrial age. Hisgovernment seized land in order togovernment seized land in order tocreate collective farms. Stalin’s Five Yearcreate collective farms. Stalin’s Five YearPlan was an attempt to modernizePlan was an attempt to modernizeSoviet industry. Many peasants refusedSoviet industry. Many peasants refusedto give up their land, so to counterto give up their land, so to counterresistance Stalin used vicious militaryresistance Stalin used vicious militarytactics. Rigged trials led to executions oftactics. Rigged trials led to executions ofan estimated 20 million governmentan estimated 20 million governmentofficials and ordinary citizens. Theofficials and ordinary citizens. Thegovernment controlled the flow andgovernment controlled the flow andcontent of information to the people,content of information to the people,and all but outlawed churches.and all but outlawed churches.

Joseph Stalin

Napoleon = Joseph StalinNapoleon = Joseph Stalin NapoleonNapoleon

Boar who leads the rebellion againstBoar who leads the rebellion againstFarmer JonesFarmer Jones

After the rebellion’s success, heAfter the rebellion’s success, hesystematically begins to control allsystematically begins to control allaspects of the farm until he is anaspects of the farm until he is anundisputed tyrant.undisputed tyrant.

Joseph StainJoseph Stain The communist dictator of the SovietThe communist dictator of the Soviet

Union from 1922Union from 1922--1953 who killed all1953 who killed allwho opposed him.who opposed him.

He loved power and used the KGBHe loved power and used the KGB(secret police) to enforce his ruthless,(secret police) to enforce his ruthless,corrupt antics.corrupt antics.

Farmer Jones = Czar Nicholas IIFarmer Jones = Czar Nicholas II

Farmer JonesFarmer Jones The irresponsible owner of theThe irresponsible owner of the

farmfarm Lets his animals starve and beatsLets his animals starve and beats

them with a whipthem with a whip Sometimes shows randomSometimes shows random

kindnesskindness

Czar Nicholas IICzar Nicholas II Weak Russian leader during theWeak Russian leader during the

early 1900searly 1900s Often cruel and brutal to hisOften cruel and brutal to his

subjectssubjects Displays isolatedDisplays isolated kindesskindess

Snowball = Leon TrotskySnowball = Leon Trotsky SnowballSnowball

Boar who becomes one of theBoar who becomes one of therebellion’s most valuable leaders.rebellion’s most valuable leaders.

After drawing complicated plansAfter drawing complicated plansfor the construction of a windmill,for the construction of a windmill,he is chased off of the farmhe is chased off of the farmforever by Napoleon’s dogs andforever by Napoleon’s dogs andthereafter used as a scapegoat forthereafter used as a scapegoat forthe animals’ troubles.the animals’ troubles.

Leon TrotskyLeon Trotsky A pure communist leader who wasA pure communist leader who was

influenced by the teachings of Karlinfluenced by the teachings of KarlMarx.Marx.

He wanted to improve life forHe wanted to improve life forpeople in Russia, but was drivenpeople in Russia, but was drivenaway by Lenin’s KGB.away by Lenin’s KGB.

CharactersCharacters Old MajorOld Major

An old boar whose speech aboutAn old boar whose speech aboutthe evils perpetrated by humansthe evils perpetrated by humansrouses the animals into rebelling.rouses the animals into rebelling.

His philosophy concerning theHis philosophy concerning thetyranny of Man is namedtyranny of Man is namedAnimalism.Animalism.

He teaches the animals the songHe teaches the animals the song“Beasts of England”“Beasts of England”

Dies before revolutionDies before revolution

Karl MarxKarl Marx The inventor of communismThe inventor of communism Wants to unite the working classWants to unite the working class

to overthrow the government.to overthrow the government. Dies before the RussianDies before the Russian

RevolutionRevolution

Who is Karl Marx?Who is Karl Marx? Many of the ideals behind theMany of the ideals behind the

Soviet revolution were based onSoviet revolution were based onthe writings and teachings of Karlthe writings and teachings of KarlMarx. A German intellectual whoMarx. A German intellectual wholived in the midlived in the mid--1800s, Marx1800s, Marxbelieved that societies are dividedbelieved that societies are dividedinto two segments, a working classinto two segments, a working classand an owner class. The workingand an owner class. The workingclass creates all the products,class creates all the products,while the owner class enjoys allwhile the owner class enjoys allthe benefits of these products.the benefits of these products.This class division leads toThis class division leads toinequality and oppression of theinequality and oppression of theworking class. Marx’s objectiveworking class. Marx’s objectivewas to create a classless society inwas to create a classless society inwhich the work is shared by all forwhich the work is shared by all forthe benefit of all, and he believedthe benefit of all, and he believedrevolution was the way to achieverevolution was the way to achievethis goal.this goal.

Characterization in FablesCharacterization in Fables We already know that aWe already know that a fablefable is a narration intended to enforce a useful truth.is a narration intended to enforce a useful truth.

Fables have two important characteristics. First, they teach a mFables have two important characteristics. First, they teach a moral or lesson.oral or lesson.In Animal Farm, the moral involves Orwell’s views about Soviet pIn Animal Farm, the moral involves Orwell’s views about Soviet politics.olitics.Second, the characters are most frequently animals. These animalSecond, the characters are most frequently animals. These animal characterscharactersoften function as a satiric device to point out the follies of hoften function as a satiric device to point out the follies of humankind. Thoughumankind. ThoughOld Major, Snowball, and Napoleon may represent Karl Marx, LeonOld Major, Snowball, and Napoleon may represent Karl Marx, Leon Trotsky,Trotsky,and Joseph Stalin, many of the story characters are much more geand Joseph Stalin, many of the story characters are much more general. Someneral. Someanimals are grouped together as a single characteranimals are grouped together as a single character——“the sheep,” “the hens,”“the sheep,” “the hens,”and “the dogs.” Orwell also capitalizes on the traits generallyand “the dogs.” Orwell also capitalizes on the traits generally associated withassociated withparticular animals, such as sheep as followers and dogs as loyalparticular animals, such as sheep as followers and dogs as loyal..

Squealer & BoxerSquealer & Boxer SquealerSquealer

A big mouth pig who becomes Napoleon’sA big mouth pig who becomes Napoleon’smouthpiece. Throughout the novel, he displaysmouthpiece. Throughout the novel, he displayshis ability to manipulate the animals’ thoughtshis ability to manipulate the animals’ thoughtsthrough the use of hollow, yet convincingthrough the use of hollow, yet convincingrhetoric.rhetoric.

Represents the propaganda department thatRepresents the propaganda department thatworked to support Stalin’s image; theworked to support Stalin’s image; themembers of the department would use lies tomembers of the department would use lies toconvince the people to follow Stalin.convince the people to follow Stalin.

BoxerBoxer A dedicated but dimwitted horse who aids inA dedicated but dimwitted horse who aids in

the building of the windmill but is sold to athe building of the windmill but is sold to aglueglue--boiler after collapsing from exhaustion.boiler after collapsing from exhaustion.

Represents the dedicated, but trickedRepresents the dedicated, but trickedcommunist supporters of Stalin. Many stayedcommunist supporters of Stalin. Many stayedloyal even after it was obvious Stalin was aloyal even after it was obvious Stalin was atyrant. Eventually they were betrayed,tyrant. Eventually they were betrayed,ignored, and even killed by him.ignored, and even killed by him. Boxer

Squealer

Jessie & MosesJessie & Moses

JessieJessie The farm's sheepdog, she keeps tabsThe farm's sheepdog, she keeps tabs

on the pigs and is among the first toon the pigs and is among the first tosuspect that something is wrong atsuspect that something is wrong atAnimal Farm.Animal Farm.

MosesMoses A tame raven and sometimesA tame raven and sometimes--pet ofpet of

Jones who tells the animals storiesJones who tells the animals storiesabout a paradise calledabout a paradise called SugarcandySugarcandyMountain.Mountain.

Moses represents religion. Stalin usedMoses represents religion. Stalin usedreligious principles to influence peoplereligious principles to influence peopleto work and to avoid revolt.to work and to avoid revolt.

Jessie

Moses

More CharactersMore CharactersPilkingtonPilkington

Jones' neighbor, he finds a way to profit from Animal Farm by foJones' neighbor, he finds a way to profit from Animal Farm by forming anrming analliance with the pigs.alliance with the pigs.

MurielMurielA goat who believes in the rebellion, she watches as Animal FarmA goat who believes in the rebellion, she watches as Animal Farm slipsslips

away from its founding principles.away from its founding principles.MollieMollie

A vain horse who resists the animal rebellion because she doesn'A vain horse who resists the animal rebellion because she doesn't want tot want togive up the petting and treats she receives from humans. Molliegive up the petting and treats she receives from humans. Mollie representsrepresents

vain, selfish people in Russia and throughout the world who ignovain, selfish people in Russia and throughout the world who ignored thered therevolution and sought residence in more inviting countries.revolution and sought residence in more inviting countries.

BenjaminBenjaminThe most cynical of all the animals, the farm's donkey doubts thThe most cynical of all the animals, the farm's donkey doubts the leadershipe leadership

of the pigs but is faithfully devoted to Boxer. Benjamin represeof the pigs but is faithfully devoted to Boxer. Benjamin represents all thents all theskeptical people in Russia and elsewhere who weren’t sure revoluskeptical people in Russia and elsewhere who weren’t sure revolution wouldtion would

change anything.change anything.The SheepThe Sheep

Not tremendously clever, the sheep remind themselves of the prinNot tremendously clever, the sheep remind themselves of the principles ofciples ofanimalism by chanting "four legs good, two legs bad."animalism by chanting "four legs good, two legs bad."

The DogsThe DogsNapoleon’s private army that used fear to force the animals to wNapoleon’s private army that used fear to force the animals to work; they killedork; they killed

any opponent of Napoleon. The dogs represent Stalin’s loyal KGBany opponent of Napoleon. The dogs represent Stalin’s loyal KGB (secret(secretpolice). The KGB were not really police, but mercenaries used tpolice). The KGB were not really police, but mercenaries used to forceo force

support for Stalin.support for Stalin.

Animalism = CommunismAnimalism = Communism AnimalismAnimalism

Taught my Old MajorTaught my Old Major No rich, but no poorNo rich, but no poor Better life for workersBetter life for workers All animals are equalAll animals are equal Everyone owns theEveryone owns the

farmfarm

CommunismCommunism Invented by Karl MarxInvented by Karl Marx All people are equalAll people are equal Government ownsGovernment owns

everythingeverything People own thePeople own the

governmentgovernment

Animal Farm RevolutionAnimal Farm Revolution= Russian Revolution= Russian Revolution

Animal Farm RevolutionAnimal Farm Revolution Was supposed to makeWas supposed to make

life better for all, but . . .life better for all, but . . . Life was worse at the end.Life was worse at the end. The leaders became theThe leaders became the

same as, or worse thansame as, or worse thanthe other farmersthe other farmers(humans) they rebelled(humans) they rebelledagainst.against.

Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution Was supposed to fixWas supposed to fix

the problems createdthe problems createdby the Czar, but . . .by the Czar, but . . . Life was even worseLife was even worse

after the revolution.after the revolution. Stalin made the CzarStalin made the Czar

look like a nice guy.look like a nice guy.

The EndThe End

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