Orwell’s Animal Orwell’s Animal FarmFarm VS. VS.

The Russian The Russian RevolutionRevolution

Adapted from Mr. White Adapted from Mr. White

Russian SocietyRussian Society

• At the turn of the 20th century, Russia was in an appalling state of poverty while the Tsar lived in luxury. There was tremendous dissatisfaction.

Czar Nicholas IICzar Nicholas II

• A poor leader at best, compared to western leaders

• Cruel - sometimes brutal with opponents

• Sometimes kind - hired students as spies to make $

Nicholas IINicholas II

• Believed he was the unquestionable leader of Russia appointed by God.

• Had unarmed protesters murdered in the streets in 1905.

KARL MARX

The “father” of

Communism

MarxMarx

• Marx believed that the private ownership of land must be abolished.

MarxMarx

• Believed in “Communal” way of life where everyone shares in prosperity.

MarxMarx

• “Workers of the world, unite.”

• Take over the government • Dies before Russian

Revolution

CommunismCommunism

• All people equal

• Government owns everything

• People own government

Vladimir LeninVladimir Lenin• Lenin adopted Marx’s ideas.

He believed that the bourgeoisie (middle class) exploited the workers and must therefore be overthrown.

LeninLenin

Lenin understood the emotional impact of simple, powerful slogans like “Workers of the world, unite.”

LeninLenin

Changed Russia’s name to the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)

Gave peasants their own land in 1918

Lenin dies in 1924Lenin dies in 1924

• It is believed Lenin ordered Nicholas II murdered

• When Lenin died, there was a power struggle between Leon Trotsky and Stalin.

Leon TrotskyLeon Trotsky

• One of the leaders of "October Revolution” along with Lenin and Stalin

• Believed in “pure” communism, followed Marx

TrotskyTrotsky

• Trotsky was a brilliant speaker. With Lenin, he succeeded in overthrowing the government in October 1917. Lenin was the President, Trotsky the Commissar for Foreign Affairs.

CommissarCommissar

• Former name of a head of a government department in the Soviet Union, like Secretary of Education Arne Duncan

•Trotsky favored world revolution.

TrotskyTrotsky

• Wanted to improve life for all in Russia

• Chased away by Lenin's KGB (Lenin's secret police)

Civil WarCivil War• From 1918 –1921 there was civil

war. Foreign countries including Britain, France, Poland and USA were alarmed at the spread of Communism but the Red Army (the Bolsheviks), led by Trotsky, proved successful.

•Stalin continually opposed Trotsky

Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin

• Average speaker, not educated like Trotsky

• Didn't exactly follow Marx's ideas

StalinStalin

• Craved power, willing to kill for it

• Used KGB, allowed church, and propagandized

• Brought industrialization to USSR, but at a high price

Propaganda Department of Propaganda Department of Stalin’s governmentStalin’s government

• Worked for Stalin to support his image

• Lied to convince the people to follow Stalin

StalinStalin

• Benefited from the fact that education was controlled

Stalin takes controlStalin takes control

• In his sinister way, Stalin secured his power base, and engineered the permanent exile of Trotsky in 1929.

• The exiled Trotsky was still useful to Stalin. He now had Trotsky to blame for all the problems and difficulties that Russia suffered.

PolitburoPolitburo

• The policy-making body of the Communist party’s Central Committee. In reality, it was a force to carry out Stalin’s orders and secure his position as dictator.

Cheka/OGPU/NKVDCheka/OGPU/NKVD//KGBKGB ::

• These were the various names/ initials given to the secret police during Stalin’s dictatorship.

KGB - Secret PoliceKGB - Secret Police

• Not really police, but thugs who forced all to support Stalin

• Used force, often killed entire families for disobedience

• Totally loyal, part of Stalin's power, even over army

ReligionReligion

• Marx said religion was the "Opiate of the people" and a lie

• Used to make people not complain and do their work

ReligionReligion

• Religion was tolerated because people would work and not complain

• Stalin knew religion would stop violent revolutions if he controlled the leaders

Communist supportersCommunist supportersdedicated but deludeddedicated but deluded

• People believed Stalin because he was "Communist"

• Many stayed loyal after it was obvious Stalin a tyrant

• Betrayed by Stalin who ignored and killed them

Overview of Russian RevolutionOverview of Russian Revolution

• Supposed to fix problems caused by the Czar

• Life was even worse long after revolution

• Stalin made the Czar look like a nice guy

KulaksKulaks

• These were the land-owning peasants who did not want their farms to be collectivized after the revolution. From 1929, Stalin began to exterminate them as a class.

5 Year Plans5 Year Plans

• From 1927-1932, new economic plans, called the five-year plans, were introduced. The purpose was to improve industry.

CollectivizationCollectivization

• Stalin said 25 million individual farms were inefficient.

• Ordered collectivization, in which small farms were combined into large ones that produced for the state

• Many farmers resisted, but by 1930, 50 percent of all farms had been grouped together.

• Many rebellious farmers killed their animals and destroyed their grain.

• Farmers who didn’t cooperate were shot and their land given to the nearest collective.

Germany and Great Britain Germany and Great Britain

• Stalin negotiated with both Germany and Great Britain. The Russo-German pact of August 1939 allowed Russia to occupy eastern Poland while Germany occupied the rest.

Germany and Great BritainGermany and Great Britain• On 22 June, 1941, Germany attacked

her ally Russia without warning. Thus the alliance between Nazism and Communism fell apart and Russia formed an alliance with Britain and the USA.

• They fought together in World War II against Hitler.

Cold War beginsCold War begins

• The Tehran conference in 1943 presented the Soviet Union, Britain and America as allies. However, by the end of the Second World War, the Soviet Union became an enemy of its allies as the Cold War intensified.

The world’s most deadly The world’s most deadly dictatorsdictators

• Mao Zedong (China) – 40 to 70 million

• Joseph Stalin (Russia) – 23 million

• Adolf Hitler (Germany) – 17 million

Essential Essential QuestionsQuestions

#1#1

• Who had the ideas in the beginning that inspired the rebellions?

#2#2

• What are the real enemies of Communism according to Marx, Lenin, Stalin and Trotsky?

#3 and #4#3 and #4

• Who does Stalin blame anytime a problem arises? Why do you think Stalin blames this person?

#5 and #6#5 and #6• Who would you associate with this

quote? Marx, Lenin Stalin or Trotsky? Why did you choose that person?

• “All men are equal but some are more equal than others”

#7#7

• Compare the lives of Russians when they live under Czar Nicholas and when they live under Stalin.

#8 Who is this?#8 Who is this?

• Tells of a dream that leads to Rebellion and inspires others.

#9 Who is this?#9 Who is this?

• Leader of the rebellion that drives out Czar Nicholas II.

#10 Who is this?#10 Who is this?

• Leader of Rebellion that is driven out of Russia and later killed in Mexico.

#11 Who is this?#11 Who is this?

• Leader of the Rebellion that drives out his competition and starts to purge those that disagree or may disagree with him.

#12 Who is this?#12 Who is this?

• Branch of Government that enforces Stalin’s rules.

Who is WhoWho is Who

• Mr. Jones- Czar Nicholas II

• Old Major- Lenin

• Snowball- Trotsky

• Napoleon- Stalin

Who is WhoWho is Who

• Dogs-KGB

• Windmill- 5 year plan

• Major’s Skull-Lenin’s Body

• Battle of the Cowshed- Russian Civil War

Who is WhoWho is Who• Frederick- Hitler

• Animal Executions – Stalin’s Purge

• Battle of the Windmill – World War II

• Card Game- Tehran Conference

• Pilkington- FDR

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