animal farm & ussr

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ANIMAL FARM “The atom bombs are piling up in the factories, the police are prowling through the cities, lies are streaming from the loudspeakers, but the earth is still going round the sun.” - George Orwell-

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An educational tool for reading Animal Farm and connecting the characters and events to Russian history.

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Page 1: Animal Farm & USSR

ANIMAL FARM

“The atom bombs are piling up in the factories, the police are prowling through the cities, lies are streaming from the loudspeakers, but the earth is still going round the sun.”

- George Orwell-

Page 2: Animal Farm & USSR

AN OVERVIEW OF RULING SYSTEMS

Parallels of Russia in Animal Farm

“Everyone imposes his own system as far as his army can reach.” -Joseph Stalin-

Page 3: Animal Farm & USSR

Tzar ruling under Farmer Jones

• Humans (wife, farm hands) • Domesticated Animals (Cat, Mollie, Moses)• Old Major – Prize Winning Boar

Farmer Jones Doesn’t need to perform

manual labor to earn food

• Horses, Donkey, Pigs, Cows • Sheep, Chickens, Geese

All Other Animals Must perform manual

labor or die to feed humans

• Dreamed of a world where animals were free from the tyranny of man. This – and the harsh conditions on Manor Farm– caused the animals to rebel and chase Farmer Jones off the Farm

OLD MAJOR

Page 4: Animal Farm & USSR

Russian Rule Under Tzar Nicholas II

• Inherited power from family rule• Worked citizens without concern for welfare• Took wealth from country without giving back

Tzar Nicholas II Ruler of Russia

• Farmers produced for the Tzar family• Soldiers sent to battle with outdated technologies

and little base needs met (food, warm clothing, etc.)

All Other Russian Citizens

Must perform manual labor or die to feed

humans

• The Father of Communism • Believed that all would be equal if private property

were abolished • Didn’t live to see the Russian Revolution

Karl Marx

Page 5: Animal Farm & USSR

Animal Farm practice of Animalism “All Animals Are Equal”

• Performed little hard manual labor • Needed brain food “to keep Jones away” such as milk and

apples

Pigs emerged as managers and

organizers of the farm

• All animals were required to perform according to their abilities to get in the harvest

• Actual lifestyle changed very little • Animals were happy because they were free from humans

All Other Animals

• The two leaders always disagreed with one another • Elections were held to decide who would lead the farm• “The Windmill” “The Full Manger” “Shorter Workweeks”

Snowball & Napoleon emerged as leaders of

the pigs

Page 6: Animal Farm & USSR

U.S.S.R. – United Soviet Socialist Republic “From each, according to his abilities, to each, according to his need.”

–Karl Marx-

• Performed little hard manual labor • Needed brain food “to keep Jones away” such as milk and

apples

U.S.S.R – established as a federation 1921-

1922

• All animals were required to perform according to their abilities to get in the harvest

• Actual lifestyle changed very little • Animals were happy because they were free from humans

All Other Comrades

• The two leaders always disagreed with one another • Elections were held to decide who would lead the farm• “The Windmill” “The Full Manger” “Shorter Workweeks”

Joseph Stalin & Leon Trotsky emerge as political leaders

Page 7: Animal Farm & USSR

Napoleon’s Animal Farm “All Animals Are Equal, But Some Are More Equal than

Others”

•Ruled over Manor Farm with Absolute Power •Made all decisions – reaped all profits – distributed to others as he saw fit

Napoleon •Safe from persecution as long as they agreed with Napoleon •Not responsible for any manual labor •Reaped benefits of farm without producing

Dogs, Squealor, and All Other Pigs

•Subject to Napoleon’s wishes •Boxer & Clover – Believed in the principals of Animalism •Sheep – Blind followers of the government – did what they were told without question

All Other Animals

Page 8: Animal Farm & USSR

Joseph Stalin’s United Soviet Socialist Republic“You cannot make a revolution with silk gloves.” -Joseph Stalin-

• Dictator of Russia• Led with absolute power, using fear and control• Made all decision – reaped all profits – distributed as he

saw fit

Joseph Stalin 1941-1953

• Safe from persecution as long as they agreed with Stalin or were not subject to his paranoia

• KGB were Stalin’s private police force – had total freedom over citizens – instilled fear and control over citizens

• Propaganda controlled information coming in, going out, and circulating within Russian borders

KGB, Propaganda & Managers of the Kremlin

• Subject to Stalin’s wishes – kept in line by KGB• Majority of citizens worked as laborers • Collective structure often deprived citizens of basic

necessities

All Other Comrades

Page 9: Animal Farm & USSR

RUSSIAN HISTORICAL FIGURES & ORWELL’S CHARACTERS

Page 10: Animal Farm & USSR

Karl Marx Old Major

Page 11: Animal Farm & USSR

Karl Marx Old Major “For the bureaucrat, the world is a mere object to be manipulated by him.”

-Karl Marx-

• Considered the Father of Communism – there are branches of thought called Marxism

• The Political Theory was based on his ideas that to achieve true equality, a country needs to abolish all private property.

• Died before he saw the Russian Revolution or the rise of Communism

• Considered the Father of Animalism

• The Political Theory was based on the ideas that for animals to be free and equal, a farm needs to abolish all humans.

• Died before he saw the Animal Rebellion or the rise of Animalism.

Page 12: Animal Farm & USSR

Tzar Nicholas II Farmer Jones

Page 13: Animal Farm & USSR

Tzar Nicholas Farmer Jones • 1894 – Tzar Nicholas inherited rule over

Russia

• 1895 –Wished to expand Russian empire and waged war on Japan – resulted in depleting Russian wealth and population – eventually lost war

• March 15, 1917 – Tzar Nicholas was forced to abdicate his position as ruler over Russia – known as the Russian Revolution

• He and his family were incarcerated until after World War I (1914-1917)

• July 16, 1918 – Tzar Nicholas and family were executed – Historically known as the last Tzar of Russia

• Inherited Manor Farm from his father

• Ran his farm with no regard to the animal’s (or farm’s) well being

• Spent farm money – and most of his time – on alcohol; neglected animals for his own means

• Ran off Manor Farm – known as the Animal Rebellion

• Drifted off into obscurity

Page 14: Animal Farm & USSR

Joseph Stalin Napoleon“I believe in only one thing, the power of the human will.” –Joseph Stalin-

Page 15: Animal Farm & USSR

Joseph Stalin Napoleon Dec. 21, 1897 - March 5, 1953

• Part of the formation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, while Trotsky worked on the New Economic Policy (communism)

• Banished Trotsky from country and declared him Enemy of the USSR

• Self-Appointed Dictator of USSR

• Emerged as strong, quiet leader among the pigs, while Snowball worked on education policies

• Banished Snowball from the farm and declared him Enemy of Animal Farm

• Took full control over all decisions on Animal Farm

Page 16: Animal Farm & USSR

Leon Trotsky Snowball “Learning carries with it certain dangers because out of necessity one has to learn from one’s enemies.” –Leon Trotsky-

Page 17: Animal Farm & USSR

Leon Trotsky Snowball• Born: Oct. 26, 1879• One of the original revolutionaries

– became one of Stalin’s biggest political enemies

• Expelled from the country by Stalin’s forces (a year later, Stalin took control of the USSR)

• Denounced as a traitor – Public Enemy #1

• After banishment, he was systematically “erased” from Russian history (face removed from photographs, historical role altered, etc.)

• Died: Aug. 21, 1940 – Assassinated by KGB in Mexico City via ice pick through the brain

• One of the original revolutionaries – tried to educate farm population

• Elections were held between Snowball & Napoleon due to political opposition

• Snowball was chased off the farm and never seen again

• Denounced as Enemy to Animal Farm – Enemy to Animalism

• After banishment, he was called a traitor and his memory (historical role) was distorted by Napoleon & Squealor

Page 18: Animal Farm & USSR

Propaganda Squealor“You may not be interested in strategy, but strategy is interested in you.”

-Leon Trotsky-

• Government’s mouthpiece• All information is filtered

through this agency• Citizens know only what the

government wants them to know – control of news, radio, entertainment, etc.

• International perceptions of country/farm manipulated by propaganda

• Many propaganda techniques were developed under Stalin (Napoleon)

Page 19: Animal Farm & USSR

Russian Laborers Boxer & Clover“I will work harder.” “Napoleon is always right.”

•Loyal Comrades – believed in the equality of Animalism/Communist teachings• Volunteered for Stalin’s modernization plans or the rebuilding of Russia•Were fed little food, inadequate housing, and few tools. (Like on the farm, there was little to no technology in Russia.) •Loyalty manipulated by the lies of the government.

Page 20: Animal Farm & USSR

Ignorant Masses Sheep“It is enough that the people know there was an election. The people who cast the votes decide nothing. The people who count the votes decide everything.”

–Joseph Stalin-

•Citizens who blindly followed governmental rule •Never questioned what was asked of them

•The ignorant supported their own enslavement.

Page 21: Animal Farm & USSR

KGB Dogs

Page 22: Animal Farm & USSR

KGB Dogs

• The Dictator’s personal police force – took orders and answered only to Stalin

• Enforced governmental control through fear and violence

• Worked, not for the good of the government or the country, but for the benefit of one man/pig.

• Had absolute power over all citizens (no private property – no private rights)

• Vladimir Putin – Russia’s current Prime Minister & Former President rose through the ranks in the KGB

Page 23: Animal Farm & USSR

Farmers Chickens •Farmers were part of the collective of Russia, and often grew crops only to ship them to the city workers and be left with no food.

•Attempted to rebel by destroying their own crops (the chickens flew to the rafters and smashed their eggs rather than sell them at market).

•Farmers/chickens were starved into submission, and eventually surrendered

Page 24: Animal Farm & USSR

Benjamin“Donkeys live a long time; none of you have ever seen a dead donkey.”

•It has been debated who Benjamin represents in Orwell’s text. •Some believe the character was Orwell himself •Others think that he represented the Older Generations of Russia who did not care for revolution •Still, others believe that Benjamin was the apathetic individuals found in any society; they are intelligent enough to make change, but do not care to get involved.

Page 25: Animal Farm & USSR

Nobility under Mollie Tzar Nicholas III

•Nobility (relations, friends of the Tzar family) lived comfortably under ruling class•Either exiled or fled Russia during the Russian Revolution •Once the Tzar system toppled, there was little reason for the nobles to stay in Russia

Page 26: Animal Farm & USSR

Church & Religion Moses“Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, and the soul of soulless conditions. It is the opium of the masses.” – Karl Marx-

•Russian Orthodox Christianity was the ruling church in Russia•Because of the religious tie to the Tzar ruling class, the church was abolished with the rise of Communism•Once Stalin was in power, the church was “allowed” back into an atheistic government•“Sugarcandy Mountain” represents heaven – this was allowed by the government because it gave the other animals something to look forward to at the end of their miserable lives.

Page 27: Animal Farm & USSR

International Relations 1. Name change from Manor Farm

to Animal Farm – showed England that the farm was run by animals

2. Mr. Pilkington – owner of Foxwood

Farm

3. Mr. Frederick – owner of Pinchfield Farm.

4. Pigeons – sent messages to the outside world

1. Russia to USSR (United Socialist Soviet Republic) –showed world that Tzar rule ended and Communism ruled the country (all are equal)

2. England – Russia led the country on as if they might become allies

3. Germany under Nazi Rule – Became allies with Russia – Hitler & Stalin signed a nonaggression pact stating that neither country would attack the other

4. Propaganda Machine - Russian propaganda projected the country as modernized and industry-rich – No one outside Russia knew the truth due to the “iron curtain” between Russia and the rest of the world

Page 28: Animal Farm & USSR

HISTORICAL EVENTS & ORWELL’S PLOT

Page 29: Animal Farm & USSR

Russian Revolution Animal Revolt“Let the ruling classes tremble at a communist revolution. The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win. Working men of all

countries unite!” -Leon Trotsky- • Russian citizens rose up against the Tzar dynasty & overthrew the government •First step in establishing Communism as a revolutionary governmental system

•Starving and neglected animals rose up against Farmer Jones & threw them off the farm

•First step in establishing Animalism – where all animals are equal and free from the tyranny of man

Page 30: Animal Farm & USSR

World War I Battle of Cowshed

•Russia fought against German invasion

•During WWI – Russia was in political strife – Tzar Nicholas II was just overthrown at the beginning of the war

•Germany believed that Russia would be an easy and vulnerable target because of internal fighting •Russia beat the Germans to the surprise of the international community

Page 31: Animal Farm & USSR

Nonaggression Pact with Germany Selling the Timbre

Page 32: Animal Farm & USSR

Selling the Timbre“There are absolutely no rules of conduct, either in peace or war. Everything depends on

circumstance.” -Leon Trotsky-

• Stalin tried to play England & Nazi

Germany against each other • Eventually sided with Germany

through allied treaties • Signed a Nonaggression Pact with

Germany – agreed not to invade each other

• Hitler broke treaty & invaded Stalingrad

• Stalin was in complete disbelief that he’d been duped

• Napoleon agreed to sell the timbre to Mr. Frederick then Mr. Pilkington

• Eventually sold the timbre to Mr. Frederick

• Napoleon held pride in his ability to do business with Mr. Frederick, playing the farmers against each other to drive up the price

• The bank notes were fake – Mr. Frederick got the timbre for nothing

• Napoleon was enraged and couldn’t believe he’d been tricked

Page 33: Animal Farm & USSR

World War II Battle of Windmill

Page 34: Animal Farm & USSR

WWII – Battle of Windmill “In the Soviet Army, it takes more courage to retreat than to advance.” –Joseph Stalin-

• The Nazis broke the Nonaggression Pact with Russia and invaded Stalingrad • The Soviet Army was sent to battle the Nazis at Stalingrad • The Soviet Army had more soldiers than weapons, so they were sent into

battle in pairs: one soldier carried the gun, the second carried the ammunition – if the first soldier fell, the second would pick up the weapon and advance

• For the Soviet soldier, retreat was an act of treason, an act punishable by immediate death

• Many soldiers were caught between Nazi fire and Soviet commanders shooting retreating soldiers – As many soldiers were killed by their own country as by the Nazis

• The Soviet Government declared the Battle of Stalingrad a great success in driving out the enemy

• After the battle, the army and the population lost great numbers of men • The battle also taxed the country’s resources, and many people went hungry

for the sake of the battle

Page 35: Animal Farm & USSR

Sources 1. Orwell, George. Animal Farm ……2. Staff Editor(s). “Marx, Karl; Orwell, George; Putin, Vladimir; Stalin,

Joseph; Trotsky, Leon,” www.brainyquotes.com – last visited 3.3.08. 3. Staff Editor(s). “history/Russia1900s,” www.ask.com – last visited

7.24.094. Staff Writer(s). “A short overview of the Russian history,”

www.studyrussian.com – last visited 3.3.08. 5. Staff Writer(s). “Animal Farm: A Description of the Characters and

Events in the George Orwell’s classic Parody of the Russian Revolution.” www. newspeakdictionary.com. - last visited 3.3.08

6. Staff Writer(s). “Khmelnytsky Uprising,” www.answer.com – last visited 7.27.09