ANIMAL KINGDOM

Characteristics of all Animals

• They are made of cells, which form tissues, which form organs which form organ systems.

• They obtain food by eating other organisms (herbivores, carnivores or omnivores).

• Most animals reproduce sexually but some can reproduce asexually.

• All animals move in order to satisfy 1 of their basic needs (food, water, shelter, escaping danger)

Types of food eaters

Carnivore - meat eater (either a predator - prey relationship or a scavenger)

Herbivore - plant eater

Omnivore - eats plants and meat

Division of animals

Animals have bilateral symmetry (1 line that can divide the animal into 2 identical parts)

or radial symmetry ( many lines that can divide the animal into equal parts).

Sub Kingdom: Invertebrates• Phyla Include:

• Sponges

• Cnidarians

• Worms

Phylum - Sponge

• Simplest form of animal

• No tissues or organs

• heterotrophic & cells that have specialized jobs

• Bodies pierced all over with openings called pores

How do Sponges eat &

breathe?• Collar cells on the

inside of central cavity trap bacteria & protists & digest them.

• Sponges get O2 by diffusion.

• Soft bodies have network of spikes.• Made of tough material, but food for some

types of fish.• Can reproduce asexually (budding) and

sexually. Fertilized eggs go through a larvae stage.

Phylum - Cnidarians• Carnivores use stinging cells to capture

prey & defend selves.

• Specialized tissues - no organs.

• Radial symmetry

Phylum - Cnidarians 2 body types: polyp (like a vase with a mouth opening at the top) and medusa (bowl shaped).

Digestion• Capture prey using stinging cells to inject

venom - paralyzes prey

• Pull prey into mouth, digest in body cavity digestive system: 1 opening - expel food from mouths also.

Reproduction• asexually by budding &

sexually.

• Some have both sexes within 1 individual others in separate individuals.

• Examples include jellyfish, sea anemones and coral.

Worms - 3 phyla

• Flatworms (Platyhelminthes)

• Roundworms (Nematoda)

• Segmented worms (Annelida)

All Worms…

• Have tissues, organs and organ systems.

• Have bilateral symmetry.

• Have a brain.

• Reproduce both sexually and asexually.

• Can replace parts by a process called regeneration.

Flatworms

• Parasites (food from their host (ex. tapeworms).

• Those that are not parasites are scavengers (feed off the remains of dead organisms)

• Feed by inserting a tube into food which secretes chemicals to break down the food. They then suck it through the tube.

Roundworms

• Live in moist environments.

• Some are herbivores, some carnivores, some parasites (worms that dogs and cats get are parasites).

• The digestive system is 1 long tube where food goes in 1 end and waste exits at the other end.

Segmented Worms• Have linked sections called

segments. • Some scavengers

(earthworm) • Some parasites (leeches).• Closed circulatory system

(blood moves through system via vessels).

• Nerve cords and digestive tube run through their bodies.