animal kingdom - vertebrates mr. cobb biology. 1 zoology: study of animals
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Animal Kingdom -Vertebrates
Mr. Cobb
Biology
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1
Zoology:
study of animals
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The Kingdom Animalia
No cell wall
Heterotrophic
Motile
Sexual reproduction
Tissue / organs
Multicellular
Distinct body plan
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Kingdom Animalia
The animal kingdom is in the domain eukarya.This kingdom consists of different phyla, including:
MolluscaNematodaAnnelidaArthropodaChordata
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Kingdom Animalia
Organisms in the animal kingdom are sometimes divided into two groups:
Vertebrates – organisms that have a notochord (develops into a backbone)Invertebrates – organisms that do NOT have a notochord.
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Vertebrates
All vertebrates belong to the phylum chordata.They have a dorsal nerve cord that develops into a spinal cord.All vertebrates have an internal skeleton known as an endoskeleton.
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Vertebrates
There are several classes included in the chordata phylum:
FishAmphibiaReptiliaAvesMammalia
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Fish
There are 3 different classes of fish:Jawless fish (class Agnatha) – these fish have no jaws, they attach themselves to the side of a fish and suck its blood.
Cartilaginous fish (class chondrichthyes) have no bones, only cartilage.
Bony fish (class Osteichthyes) – these fish have bones and cartilage.
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Jawless Fish
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Cartilaginous Fish
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Bony Fish
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Fish
Fish use gills to breathe. Gills are full of blood vessels and allow for gas exchange through diffusion.Fish’s scales are used to cover and protect their body.Fish have hearts with two chambers. The heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the gills, then throughout the body.
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Fish – Gas Exchange
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Fish
Fish get their body temperature from their environment (ectotherms)Most fish release eggs and sperm into the water, but some (like sharks) undergo internal fertilization and give birth to live offspring.
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Internal Structure of Fish
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Amphibians
Includes frogs, toads, salamanders, and newts.EcothermsExternal fertilization
Offspring develop in water and undergo metamorphosis
Moist skin without scales
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Amphibians
Young offspring have gills and 2 chambered hearts. As they grow, they develop lungs and 3 chambered hearts.Some salamanders don’t have gills or lungs, but instead exchange carbon and oxygen through their moist skin.
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Amphibians
Amphibians have tympanic membranes behind their eyes that pick up sound and transmit it to their ears.
Amphibians tend to have good vision and good hearing.
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Amphibians
Some amphibians produce skin toxins as a defense mechanism
Amphibians are good indicator species – they are very sensitive to changes in their environment (pollution).
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Amphibians
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Internal Structure of Frog
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Reptiles
Includes turtles, crocodiles, alligators, snakes, and lizardsReptiles have thick, dry skin with scalesEctothermicThey have 3 chambered hearts
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Reptiles
Reptiles undergo internal fertilization and most lay eggs.
Reptiles can live out of water (snakes, lizards), in water (some turtles), or both (alligators, crocodiles, turtles).
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Reptiles
Some reptiles are capable of producing toxins (snakes).Most of the molecules in toxins are proteins and enzymes. Causes drop in blood pressure, internal bleeding, muscles stop working (can’t breathe, heart stops)
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Reptiles
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Aves (Birds)
Maintain a constant body temperature (Endothermic)
Have 2 legs, covered with scales, that are used for walking
Forelimbs modified (evolution term) into wings
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Aves
Birds have different types of feathers:
Down feathers – trap air close to the body to keep the bird warmContour feathers – make body streamlined, provide lift and balance for flying.
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Aves
Most features are adapted for flight
Hollow bones (lighter)Efficient respiratory, digestive, and circulatory systems (steady supply of oxygen and food)Strong chest muscles
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Aves
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Mammals
Have hair
Nourish their young with milk
Breathe air
Have 4 chamber hearts
Endothermic
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Types of Mammals
There are 3 types of mammals:Monotremes
Marsupials
Placental Mammals
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Monotremes
Monotremes lay eggs
Eggs are similar to reptile eggs
There are only 5 species of monotremes
Ex: Duckbill platypus,echidnas
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Platypus pics
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Monotremes
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Marsupials
Marsupials give birth to very tiny offspring. Once born, offspring climb into its mother’s pouch and nurse almost continually until they’re big enough to leave the pouchEx: Koalas, Kangaroos
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Marsupials
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GKImqLtkeZA
Baby Possum Video
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Placental Mammals
Offspring develop inside a placenta until they are born.
Nutrients, oxygen, and wastes are exchanged between mother and offspring through the placenta
Ex: humans, horses, cats, etc.
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Placental Mammals