(Tapeworms)

(Tapeworms)Phylum PlatyhelminthesClass CestoideaSubclass CestodaOrder CyclophyllideaOrder Pseudophyllidea

- Scolex- Neck- Strobila Segment Proglottided

3 mm 10 m. Digestive System- Host Parasite Tegument

Scolex

Neck- -

Proglottid- Immature Proglottid - Mature Proglottid Reproductive organ Monoecious Uterus

- Gravid Proglottid genital pore

Genital pore1. Regular ()

2. Regular alternate ()

3. Irregular alternate ()

Egg 1. Hook 3 Oncosphere

2. Filament Oncosphere

3. Oval shape Operculum knob Oncosphere cilia

Life cycle Intermediate host 1 2 Hymenolepis nana Intermediat host

Cestodes

Order CyclophyllideaOrder Pseudophyllidea

Order CyclophyllideaTaenia soliumTaenia saginataHymenolepis nanaHymenolepis diminutaDipylidium caninumEchinococcus granulosusEchinococcus multilocularisTaenia (Multiceps) multiceps

Order PseudophyllideaDiphyllobothrium latumSpirometra spp.

Order Cyclophyllidea

Taenia solium- pork tapeworm () (Distribution)-

(Morphology)- Scolex Rostellum - 1-2 mm- 2-4 m. - 800 -1000 - 1 Uterus 7 12 - genital pore Regular alternate

Adult duodenum Villi Scolex - - 35 um Hook 6 Hexacanth 30,000 50,000

Taenia spp.

T. solium Cyst Cysticercus cellulosae 3-6 Freez 10 o C 2 Taeniasis

Case Adult worm Infect Cysticercus - Cysticercosis

Mode of Transmission- ( night soil) Autoinfection ( )- 20

Taenia saginata- Beef Tapewom ()

(Distribution)- ()

(Morphology)- Scolex Rostellum Sucking disc- T. Solium- lateral uterine branch 15-30 - - Gravid proglottid 100,000-120,000

( Life cycle)- Adult worm duodenum - Intermediate host - cyst Cysticercus bovis- Taenia Taeniasis

(Sign and Symptom)Taeniasis: : :

Cysticercosis : (T. solium) : Cyst :

(Diagnosis)Taeniasis : , Cysticercosis :Biopsy , X-ray

(Treatment)Taeniasis AlbendazoleCysticercosis Praziquantel (Prevention and Control)

Hymenolepis nana Dwarf tapeworm (Morphology) 4.5-5 mm. Scolex 0.5 mm. Rostellum invaginate ( hook )

Testes 2 - gravid proglottid Uterus filament 47 X37 um

cysticercoid

(Life cycle) - Definitive host (mice) - I.H. flea ( Nosophilus fasuatus) Xenopsilla cheopis ) I.H. Prepatent peroid 30 days Autoinfection

Hymenolepis diminuta- Rat tapeworm-

(Morphology)- 10-60 cm. (800-1,000 )- 4 mm.- Rostellum ( sucker sucking disc)-

- Testes 3 - Gravid segment Uterus- H. nana filament- 72 um- Definitive Host Rat , , - I.H. H. nana Nosophilus fasuatus Xenopsilla cheopis

Echinococcus granulosus- Echinococosis Hydatid disease- -

(Morphology) (2.5-9.00 mm.) 3 proglottides 3 Scolex Rostellum Hook 1

- Scolex 0.3 mm.- Proglottid 3 Immature Mature Gravid- Gravid proglottid - Egg 34 X 41 um

Life cycleD.H. , , , ()Intermediat Host ,

- Adult - gravid - - D.H. ( )

Echinococcus multilocularis- E. granulosus- D.H. - I.H. Rodent E. granulosus

(Distribution)E. granulosus- East Africa- mediterranean- Middle East , Russia- USA. E. multilocularis- Canada- Central Europe- Japan

Hydatid cyst ( Infective stage ) Hydatid Cyst

cyst Onchsphere

- Hydatid cyst - Hydatid cyst - 1 cyst 1 mm. 5 cyst 1 cm. 10 cm. cyst

Cyst 1. External cuticular: 2. Germinal layer: 3. Fluid ( cyst fluid = f ) : brood capsule4. Daughter cyst : cyst

Hydatid in Brain

Daughter cyst and Brood capsule from Hydatid cyst

- germinal layer Daughter cyst - Brood capsule (bc) Develope Daughter cyst (dc) - Cyst Scolex (protoscolex = ps) Infective stages Fertile Cyst- Develop Sterile Cyst- 2 Scolex 1 cyst

(Symptom) Cyst 5-10 cm Toxic &

Diagnosis1. X-ray 2. Cyst (Treatment)- Albendazole Cyst Cyst Syringe Scolex Formalin

(Mode of Transmission) 1. 2. 3.

Dipyridium caninum- Dog tapeworm (Morphology)- 70 cm.- 60-170 Segment- Scolex Rostellum hook 7

Mature Proglottid- - genital pore 2 Testes 2 Gravid Proglottid- capsule Egg - Hook

Life cycleD.H.I.H.flea ()

Cysticercoid

flea Infective stage

Taenia (Multiceps) multiceps- Coenuriasis (Distribution)- , -

(Morphology)- ~ 40-60 cm.- Scolex Rostellum (Hook 2 )- Branch ~ 18-26

Dog D.H. Egg Coenurus()

Coenurus Cyst ~ 3 cm Scolex Coenurus ( s = scolex , f = cyst fluid )

- Cyst - Subcutaneous

Scolex inside coenurus

Order Pseudophyllidea

Diphylobothrium latum- Order Pseudophyllidea- Fish Tapeworm ()

(Distribution)- ,

(Morphology)- Tapeworm ~ 10 m.- 4,000 Proglottid- Scolex 2-3 mm. Bothria Suctorial groove

Suctorial groove

Proglottid genital pore

Diphyllobothrium latum

- Uterine pore- Uterine pore Trematode- Operculum , knob- Egg Develop Coracidium ( Miracidium trematode) Free-living cilia

Life cycleDefinitive host Intermediate host 2 1st I.H. (copepod) 2nd I.H.

D.H.

Plerocercoid (sparganum) (2nd I.H.) Coracidium

Procercoid

(Pathology)- Adult Ilium- Perniceous tapeworm anemia ( B12) (Diagnosis)- ( Tapeworm )

Spirometra spp. Tapeworm Order D. Latum - Paratenic Host Intermediate Host Infection Procercoid infected copepod Plerocercoid (Sparganum) (Intermediate host)

- Plerocercoid Plerocercoid ( Paratenic host)- Sparganosis- , () Plerocercoid

Spirometra mansoni uterine pore uterus

Spirometra mansoni Sparganum

(Sign and Symptom) 9

(Treatment)

(Prevention and Control)1. , 2. 3.