Animal Review

Convection

What must be occurring for heat exchange to occur via convection?

Convection involves the movement of air or water particles to speed heat exchange.

Animal Review

Diastole

What’s happening?

One or more chambers of the heart are relaxed, or the blood pressure is at its minimum.

Animal Review

Hemolymph

What type of circulatory system includes hemolymph?

Open. It’s a combination of blood, lymph, and interstitial fluid.

Animal Review

Valve

What is the purpose of a valve?

Prevent backflow of blood.

Animal Review

Muscle

What are the three general types of muscle in humans?

Skeletal, smooth, cardiac

Animal Review

Torpor

What is the summer version of torpor called?

Estivation

Animal Review

Pacemaker

What is the “official” name of this structure?

Sinoatrial node

Animal Review

Hibernation Arousal

Name two things that an animal will do during this period.

Defecate, urinate, eat. Temporarily increase body temperature, heart rate, and breathing rate.

Animal ReviewPulmocutaneous

How would you describe the pressure and oxygen concentration of blood in this circuit?

Pressure is high due to blood being pumped at the beginning of each loop. O2 concentration is mediocre due to mixing of high and low concentrations in the single ventricle of an amphibian.

Animal Review

Pulmonary Vein

Where does this lead (specifically)?

Left atrium

Animal Review

Conduction

What must an animal do to exchange heat via conduction?

Make direct physical concept with an object of a different temperature.

Animal Review

Septum

What does this divide?

Ventricles of the heart (also, the nasal cavity).

Animal Review

Fibrin

What is the precursor of fibrin?

Fibrinogen

Animal Review

Cryoprotectant

Against what does a cryoprotectant protect?

Freezing.

Animal Review

Antibody

What specific type of immunity involves the production of antibodies?

Humoral

Animal Review

Vaccine

What specific type of lymphocyte ensures the effectiveness of vaccines?

Memory cell

Animal Review

Antigen

What type of cell may present an antigen?

Any ordinary body cell. Macrophages may also do this.

Animal Review

Histamine

What type of cell produces histamine?

Mast cells and basophils produce histamine

Animal Review

Interferon

What happens to a cell that produces interferons?

It dies after warning neighboring cells of the presence of viral infection.

Animal Review

Pus

What is the most plentiful cellular component of pus?

Dead neutrophils

Animal Review

Edema

What causes edema?

Chemical signals (histamine, damaged cells, or foreign cells) cause arterioles to dilate and venules to constrict, leading to swelling.

Animal Review

Integument

What name do we more commonly use for our integument?

Skin

Animal Review

Clonal Selection

What specific cell type is cloned?

Lymphocyte