anish automated systems

7/31/2019 Anish Automated Systems

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Anish Vijay s


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In todays modern industrial society companies mustbe competitive in the market place in order to survive.

Companies are continually trying to improve their

productivity in order to be more competitive.

Automating many industrial processes and tasks can be

an effective way of improving productivity.

Many industrial tasks and processes consist of

operations that are repeated over and over again.

These type of tasks can usually be carried out very

effectively by automatic machines.

Computers are ideal for controlling these automatic

machines


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Automation is the use of control systems andinformation technologies to reduce the need forhuman work in the production of goods andservices.

In simple words it is a system where a userprovides the input, the machine or computercarries out the process and provides you withoutput.

Automation is a step beyond mechanisation.

The term automation, inspired by the earlier wordautomatic (coming from automaton), was notwidely used before 1947, when General Motorsestablished the automation department.
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Car Manufacture

Coke Production

Automated Milk System

Aircraft Manufacture

Spray Tanning

Everyday Life?

Washing Machine

Video Recorder

Dishwasher

Microwave
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Speed

Tasks are carried out more quickly. (e.g. more items can bemanufactured each day, repairs can be carried out morequickly)

Hazardous (Dangerous) environment

Automated system can be designed to perform tasks inplaces where it is extremely dangerous for people to work.(e.g. nuclear reactors, in chemical factories, on North Seaoil platforms)

Repetitive tasks

Humans get bored when carrying out the same task timeafter time. Automated systems are able to carry out the sametask over and over again without making mistakes orslowing down


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Accuracy

Automated systems can produce exactly the same highquality product in a factory time after time.

They follow precisely the instructions in the programswhich control them. This guarantees 100% accuracy.

E.g. An automated system designed to cut metal parts for anaero plane will produce the parts with absolute precision. Itis capable of error only if the programmer has made a

mistake when entering the instructions or if a mechanicalfault develops.

Efficiency

Automated systems are very efficient because they are veryaccurate, they do not make mistakes and they waste no time

or materials.

E.g. Every part produced by an automated system for anaero plane will be the exact size and shape, there will be noparts thrown away because there are mistakes, there will beno time lost mending errors or replacing parts.


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Adaptability

Automated systems can be designed to be flexible

and handle a range of different tasks.

A robot arm can be programmed to spray a car one

week, the following week it could be programmed

to lift equipment onto a conveyor belt.

Other automated systems are adaptable because

they are equipped with a range of sensors to help

them detect the need to change their output.

An automated system regulating pressures in a

petrochemical plant has sensors which feed it data

about gas escapes and rises and drops in pressure.


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Depending on the exact function, one of several different

tools may be responsible for an automated system:

An Autonomous Guided Vehicle

An artificial neural network, Distributed control system,

Human machine interface,

Supervisory control and data acquisition,

A programmable logic controller.

PAC - Programmable automation controller

Instrumentation

Motion control

Robotics


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An Autonomous Guided Vehicle is a vehicle

that is programmed by a computer system to

move about a factory floor delivering parts to

work stations or removing waste.


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An artificial neural network is a mathematical or

computational model whose rhythms mimic those

of biological neurons.

The structure of the network is adaptive, meaningit can change based on the external or internal

exchange of information throughout the network

Applications include e-mail spam filtering, system

control (such as in a car), pattern recognition insystems (such as radars), pattern recognition in

speech, movement, and text, and financial

automated trading systems.


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A distributed control system is one in which there

are separate controls throughout the system.

These kinds of systems are typically used in

manufacturing processes, especially when theaction or production is continuous.

The controllers can be specified for a given

process, and monitor machine performance.

Traffic lights are usually controlled by distributedcontrol systems.

They can also be applied in oil refining and

central station power generation.


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A (SCADA) is a larger, industrial control network

that is often comprised of smaller sub-systems,

including human machine interface systems

connected to remote terminal units,They work to translate sensor signals into

comprehensible data.

SCADA systems bear a high resemblance to

distributed control systems.The key difference lies in what they ultimately

doSCADA systems do not control each process

in real time, rather they coordinate processes


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Commonly referred to as a user interface, a human

machine interface system depends on human

interaction with the system in order to function.

A user will provide input, and the system in turnwill produce output that coincides with the users

intent.

ATM


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Programmable logic controllers are real time

systems, meaning there is a set deadline and

timeframe in which the desired result must be

achieved.

Programmable logic controllers can be used to

program a variety of day-to-day applications, such

as amusement park rides.


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A robot is a machine that is controlled by a

computer and is flexible enough to be able to

do a variety of tasks.

A jointed arm robot has a waist, shoulder,elbow and wrist. The hand of the robot can be

changed or modified to suit the task the robot is

programmed to do.

These different hands are called end effectors

and they could be a gripper, suction cup, paint

spray or a collar.


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A robot arm has a

number of joints

like a human's:

- waist,

- shoulder,

- elbow,

- wrist,- end-effector.


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Stationary robots.

A robot arm has a number of joints like a human's.

Eg. Robot arm

Mobile robots

A robot that moves (on wheels or tracks with a

motor) is a mobile robot e.g. a robot buggy

(vehicle) carrying parts around a warehouse, a

bomb disposal robot.

Intelligent robot

A robot that has sensors on board and can makedecisions/ adapt behaviour based on environment

using artificial intelligence.


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o AI is the study of how to make computers do

things that at the present time people can

do better.

EXPERT SYSTEMS programs that mimicthe decision-making and problem-solving

thought processes of human experts.

ROBOTICS machines that can move and

relate to objects as humans can.


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Replacing human operators in tasks that involve hard

physical or monotonous work. Replacing humans in tasks done in dangerous

environments (i.e. fire, space, volcanoes, nuclearfacilities, underwater, etc.)

Performing tasks that are beyond human capabilities of

size, weight, speed, endurance, etc. Economy improvement: Automation may improve in

economy of enterprises, society or most of humanitylike Germany or Japan in the 20th Century.

Reduces operation time and work handling time

significantly. Frees up workers to take on other roles.

Provides higher level jobs in the development,deployment, maintenance and running of theautomated processes.


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Security Threats/Vulnerability: An automatedsystem may have a limited level of intelligence,and is therefore more susceptible to committing anerror.

Unpredictable development costs: The researchand development cost of automating a process mayexceed the cost saved by the automation itself.

High initial cost: The automation of a new product

or plant requires a huge initial investment incomparison with the unit cost of the product,although the cost of automation is spread amongmany products.


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Jobs losses

Reduces morale having robots

Need to retrain for other jobs

Work 24/7

Less injuries for workers

Improved working conditions

More social time


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Program machine to move slowly

Fit sensors and provide feedback

Cover moving parts

Cover the battery and processor

Safety guidelines in place


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High running costs

Higher initial cost

Cheaper in the long run

Larger output = more money

Repair costs

More accuracy = less waste

Expensive to replaceLess employee wages = larger profits

Redundancy costs


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Automated video surveillance

Automated highway systems

Automated manufacturing

Home automation

Industrial automation

Agent-assisted automation


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