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hóa 11TRANSCRIPT
Bi:1 Cho X c CTPT C6H6 mch h phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3(d) theo t l mol 1:2 tm CTCT tha mn
Trng THPT Chuyn Hong Vn Th Gv: Nguyn Vn Th 0977722500
CHUYN : ANKIN TNG HPDNG TM CTCTBi:1 Cho X c CTPT C6H6 mch h phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3(d) theo t l mol 1:2 tm CTCT tha mnA. 2.
B. 1.
C. 3.
D. 4
Bi:2 Cho A, B, C, mch h c CTGN l (CH)2 phn ng c vi dd AgNO3/NH3(d), n MY. Ly 3,36 lt hn hp trn (kc) cho li qua bnh ng dd AgNO3/NH3 thu c 7,35 g kt ta. Xc nh CTCT ca Y? A. butin -2
B. butin -1
C. propin D. axetilenBi 3: Mt hn hp gm hiro, mt ankan v mt ankin. Hai hirocacbon ny c cung s nguyn t C. t chy 100 cm3 hn hp trn thu c 210 cm3 kh CO2. Nu un nng 100 cm3 hn hp vi bt Ni th ch cn 70 cm3 mt hirocacbon duy nht. Cc th tch cc kh o cng iu kin. Tm CTPT ca hai hirocacbon A. C3H8; C3H4 B. C2H6; C2H2
C. C4H10; C4H6
D.C5H12; C5H8 Bi 5: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol cht hu c A cn 12,8g Oxi. Sau phn ng thu c 16,8 lt hn hp hi ( 136,50C v 1atm) gm CO2 v hi nc. Hn hp ny c t khi so vi CH4 l 2,1. Xc nh tn A bit rng A to kt ta vng khi cho tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3. A. C3H4
B. C4H8
C. C3H6 D. C4H6Bi 6: Mt hn hp kh gm H2 v 2 hirocacbon c cng s nguyn t C trong phn t (1 cht c ni i v 1 cht c ni 3). t chy hon ton 90ml hn hp y th thu c 120ml CO2. Mt khc nu un nng 90ml hn hp trn vi bt Ni n khi phn ng hon ton th ch cn li 40ml hirocacbon no duy nht
Tm CTPT ca 2 hirocacbon
A. C3H6, C3H4
B. C2H4 , C2H2 C. C4H8 , C4H6 D. C5H10 , C5H8Bi 10: t chy hh Z gm 2 hidrocacbon X, Y thuc cng dy ng ng thu c 19,712 lit (kc) v 10,08g . Chn CTCT ng ln lt ca X, Y bit rng khi cho lng Z tc dng vi thu c 48g kt ta. A. axetilen, butin -2
B. axetilen, butin -1
C. axetilen, propin D. propin, butin -2Bi11: Hn hp X gm v mt hidrocacbon A th kh ktc. xc nh CTPT ca A ngi ta thyT khi = 6,7. Cho X qua Ni nung nng (A phn ng ht ) thu c Y c =16,75. Xc nh CTPT ca A trn
A. C3H4
B. C2H2 C. C4H6 D. C2H4
DNG PHN NG VI H2
Bi 1: Mt bnh kn dung tch 17,92 lt ng hn hp kh X gm H2 v C2H2 (ktc), t khi hi ca X so vi Hiro bng 4 v mt t bt Ni. Nung nng bnh mt thi gian sau lm lnh n 00C. Nu cho lng kh trong bnh sau khi nung i qua dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d s to ra 2,4 gam kt ta vng. Nu cho lng kh trong bnh sau khi nung qua dung dch Brom ta thy khi lng dung dch Brom tng 0,82g. Tnh th tch kh etan sinh raA. 3,508 lt B. 5,376 lt C. 3,408 lt D. 3,005 lt Bi 2: Nung nng hn hp kh X gm H2, C2H2, C2H4 c Ni xc tc thu c 5,6 lt (kc) hn hp kh Y c t khi hi i vi H2 bng 12,2. t chy hon ton hn hp X ri hp th ton b sn phm chy vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d to ra kt ta. Tnh khi lng kt ta to thnh bit rng cc phn ng xy ra hon ton A. 40gam B. 30gam C. 20gam D. 25gamBi 3: Hn hp Z gm 0,15 mol CH4; 0,09 mol C2H2 v 0,2 mol H2 . Nung nng hn hp Z vi cht xc tc Ni thu c hn hp Y. Cho Y qua dung dch Brom d thu c hn hp kh A c phn t lng trung bnh l 16. tng khi lng dung dch brom l 0,82 gam. Tnh s mol mi cht trong A
s: 0,15 mol CH4; 0,06 mol C2H6 v 0,06 mol H2
Bi 4: Hn hp kh A gm Hiro, etan v axetilen. Cho t t 6 lt A qua Ni nung nng th thu c 3 lt mt cht kh duy nht. Tnh t khi hi ca A so vi hiro. Bit rng cc kh o kc A. 7,5 B. 10 C. 13,5 D. 10,05Cu 5: Hn hp kh X gm 0,3 mol H2 v 0,1 mol vinylaxetilen. Nung X mt thi gianvi tc Ni thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi khng kh l 1. Nu cho ton b Y sc t t vo dung dch brom (d) th c m gam brom tham gia phn ng. Gi tr ca m lA. 16,0.B. 3,2.C. 8,0.D. 32,0. (C A/2009Cu 6: un nng hn hp kh gm 0,06 mol C2H2 v 0,04 mol H2 vi xc tc Ni, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp kh Y. Dn ton b hn hp Y li t t qua bnh ng dung dch brom (d) th cn li 0,448 lt hn hp kh Z ( ktc) c t khi so vi O2 l 0,5. Khi lng bnh dung dch brom tng l
A. 1,04 gam.B. 1,32 gam.C. 1,64 gam.D. 1,20 gam. (H A/2008)II. ANKEN, ANKIN (H-C)
Cu 1: Hn hp kh X gm anken M v ankin N c cng s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t. Hn hp X c khi lng 12,4 gam v th tch 6,72 lt ( ktc). S mol, cng thc phn t ca M v N ln lt l
A. 0,1 mol C2H4 v 0,2 mol C2H2.B. 0,2 mol C2H4 v 0,1 mol C2H2.
C. 0,1 mol C3H6 v 0,2 mol C3H4.
D. 0,2 mol C3H6 v 0,1 mol C3H4. (H A/2009)
Cu 2: Hn hp kh X gm H2 v C2H4 c t khi so vi He l 3,75. Dn X qua Ni nung nng, thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi He l 5. Hiu sut ca phn ng hiro ho l
A. 20%. B. 25%. C. 50%. D. 40 (HA/2009
Cu 3: Hn hp kh X gm 0,3 mol H2 v 0,1 mol vinylaxetilen. Nung X mt thi gianvi tc Ni thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi khng kh l 1. Nu cho ton b Y sc t t vo dung dch brom (d) th c m gam brom tham gia phn ng. Gi tr ca m lA. 16,0.B. 3,2.C. 8,0.D. 32,0. (C A/2009)Cu 4: Cho cc cht: xiclobutan, 2-metylpropen, but-1-en, cis-but-2-en, 2-metylbut-2-en. Dy gm cc cht sau khi phn ng vi H2 (d, xc tc Ni, to), cho cng mt sn phm l:
A. xiclobutan, cis-but-2-en v but-1-en. B. but-1-en, 2-metylpropen v cis-but-2-en.
C. xiclobutan, 2-metylbut-2-en v but-1-en. D. 2-metylpropen, cis-but-2-en v xiclobutan. (C A/2009)Cu 5: Hn hp kh X gm H2 v mt anken c kh nng cng HBr cho sn phm hu c duy nht. T khi ca X so vi H2 bng 9,1. un nng X c xc tc Ni, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y khng lm mt mu nc brom; t khi ca Y so vi H2 bng 13. Cng thc cu to ca anken l
A. CH2=C(CH3)2. B. CH2=CH2. C. CH2=CH-CH2-CH3. D. CH3-CH=CH-CH3. (H B/2009) Cu 6: Cho hn hp X gm CH4, C2H4 v C2H2. Ly 8,6 gam X tc dng ht vi dung dch brom (d) th khi lng brom phn ng l 48 gam. Mt khc, nu cho 13,44 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 36 gam kt ta. Phn trm th tch ca CH4 c trong X l
A. 20%.B. 50%.
C. 25%.
D. 40%. (H B/2009)Cu 7: Cho hirocacbon X phn ng vi brom (trong dung dch) theo t l mol 1 : 1, thu c cht hu c Y (cha 74,08% Br v khi lng). Khi X phn ng vi HBr th thu c hai sn phm hu c khc nhau. Tn gi ca X l
A. but-1-en. B. xiclopropan.C. but-2-en.
D. propilen. (H B/2009)Cu 8: un nng hn hp kh gm 0,06 mol C2H2 v 0,04 mol H2 vi xc tc Ni, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp kh Y. Dn ton b hn hp Y li t t qua bnh ng dung dch brom (d) th cn li 0,448 lt hn hp kh Z ( ktc) c t khi so vi O2 l 0,5. Khi lng bnh dung dch brom tng l
A. 1,04 gam.B. 1,32 gam.C. 1,64 gam.D. 1,20 gam. (H A/2008)Cu 9: Hn hp X c t khi so vi H2 l 21,2 gm propan, propen v propin. Khi t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X, tng khi lng ca CO2 v H2O thu c l
A. 20,40 gam.B. 18,60 gam.C. 18,96 gam.D. 16,80 gam. (H A/2008)Cu 10: Cho s chuyn ha: CH4 C2H2 C2H3Cl PVC. tng hp 250 kg PVC theo s trn th cn V m3 kh thin nhin ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l (bit CH4 chim 80% th tch kh thin nhin v hiu sut ca c qu trnh l 50%)
A. 358,4.B. 448,0.
C. 286,7.
D. 224,0. (H A/2008)
Cu 11: Cho cc cht sau: CH2=CH-CH2-CH2-CH=CH2, CH2=CH-CH=CH-CH2-CH3, CH3-C(CH3)=CH-CH3, CH2=CH-CH2-CH=CH2. S cht c ng phn hnh hc l
A. 2.B. 3.
C. 1.
D. 4. (H A/2008)
Cu 12: t chy hon ton 20,0 ml hn hp X gm C3H6, CH4, CO (th tch CO gp hai ln th tch CH4), thu c 24,0 ml CO2 (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut). T khi ca X so vi kh hiro l
A. 25,8.B. 12,9.C. 22,2.D. 11,1. (C A/2008)Cu 13: Cho 4,48 lt hn hp X ( ktc) gm 2 hirocacbon mch h li t t qua bnh cha 1,4 lt dung dch Br2 0,5M. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, s mol Br2 gim i mt na v khi lng bnh tng thm 6,7 gam. Cng thc phn t ca 2 hirocacbon l
A. C2H2 v C4H6.B. C2H2 v C4H8.C. C3H4 v C4H8.D. C2H2 v C3H8 (H A/2007)Cu 14: Mt hirocacbon X cng hp vi axit HCl theo t l mol 1:1 to sn phm c thnh phn
khi lng clo l 45,223%. Cng thc phn t ca X l (cho H = 1, C = 12, Cl = 35,5)
A. C3H6.B. C3H4.C. C2H4.D. C4H8. (H A/2007)Cu 15: Hirat ha 2 anken ch to thnh 2 ancol (ru). Hai anken l
A. 2-metylpropen v but-1-en (hoc buten-1).B. propen v but-2-en (hoc buten-2).
C. eten v but-2-en (hoc buten-2).D. eten v but-1-en (hoc buten-1). (H A/2007)Cu 16: Hn hp gm hirocacbon X v oxi c t l s mol tng ng l 1:10. t chy hon ton hn hp trn thu c hn hp kh Y. Cho Y qua dung dch H2SO4 c, thu c hn hp kh Z c t khi i vi hiro bng 19. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C3H8.B. C3H6.C. C4H8.D. C3H4. (H A/2007)Cu 17: Cho hn hp hai anken ng ng k tip nhau tc dng vi nc (c H2SO4 lm xc tc) thu c hn hp Z gm hai ru (ancol) X v Y. t chy hon ton 1,06 gam hn hp Z sau hp th ton b sn phm chy vo 2 lt dung dch NaOH 0,1M thu c dung dch T trong nng ca NaOH bng 0,05M. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X v Y l (Cho th tch dung dch thay i khng ng k)
A. C4H9OH v C5H11OH.B. C3H7OH v C4H9OH.C. C2H5OH v C3H7OH.D. C2H5OH v C4H9OH. (C B/2007)Cu 18: Dn V lt ( ktc) hn hp X gm axetilen v hiro i qua ng s ng bt niken nung nng, thu c kh Y. Dn Y vo lng d AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3 thu c 12 gam kt ta. Kh i ra khi dung dch phn ng va vi 16 gam brom v cn li kh Z. t chy hon ton kh Z thu c 2,24 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) v 4,5 gam nc. Gi tr ca V bng A. 8,96.
B. 5,60.
C. 11,2.
D. 13,44 (C B/2007)Cu 19: Hn hp M gm mt anehit v mt ankin (c cng s nguyn t cacbon). t chy hon ton x mol hn hp M, thu c 3x mol CO2 v 1,8x mol H2O. Phn trm s mol ca anehit trong hn hp M l
A. 50%. B. 40%. C. 30%. D. 20%.Cu 20: Cho 13,8 gam cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C7H8 tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 45,9 gam kt ta. X c bao nhiu ng phn cu to tha mn tnh cht trn?
A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 2.Cu 21: Hn hp X gm C2H2 v H2 c cng s mol. Ly mt lng hn hp X cho qua cht xc tc nung nng, thu c hn hp Y gm C2H4, C2H6, C2H2 v H2. Sc Y vo dung dch brom (d) th khi lng bnh brom tng 10,8 gam v thot ra 4,48 lt hn hp kh (ktc) c t khi so vi H2 l 8. Th tch O2 (ktc) cn t chy hon ton hn hp Y l
A. 33,6 lt. B. 22,4 lt. C. 44,8 lt. D. 26,88 lt.
Cu 22: t chy hon ton hn hp X gm C2H2, C3H4 v C4H4 (s mol mi cht bng nhau) thu c 0,09 mol CO2. Nu ly cng mt lng hn hp X nh trn tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, th khi lng kt ta thu c ln hn 4 gam. Cng thc cu to ca C3H4 v C4H4 trong X ln lt l:
A. CH2=C=CH2, CH2=CH-CCH. B. CH2=C=CH2, CH2=C=C=CH2.
C. CHC-CH , CH =C=C=CH . D. CHC-CH , CH =CH-CCH.Cu 23: t chy hon ton 8,0 gam hn hp X gm hai ankin (th kh nhit thng) thu c 26,4 gam CO2. Mt khc, cho 8,0 gam hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 d n khi phn ng hon ton thu c lng kt ta vt qu 25 gam. Cng thc cu to ca hai ankin trn lA. CHCH v CH3-CCH.B. CHCH v CH3-CH2-CCH.C. CHCH v CH3-CC-CH3.D. CH3-CCH v CH3-CH2-CCH.Cu 24: Hn hp X gm mt anehit v mt ankin c cng s nguyn t cacbon. t chy hon ton a (mol) hn hp X thu c 3a (mol) CO2 v 1,8a (mol) H2O. Hn hp X c s mol 0,1 tc dng c vi ti a 0,14 mol AgNO3 trong NH3 (iu kin thch hp). S mol ca anehit trong 0,1 mol hn hp X l
A. 0,03.B. 0,04.C. 0,01.D. 0,02.5